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Blankenship SL, Chad-Friedman E, Riggins T, Dougherty LR. Early parenting predicts hippocampal subregion volume via stress reactivity in childhood. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 61:125-140. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland
| | - Lea R. Dougherty
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland
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McNamara RK, Asch RH, Lindquist DM, Krikorian R. Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in human brain structure and function across the lifespan: An update on neuroimaging findings. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:23-34. [PMID: 28529008 PMCID: PMC5680156 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a substantial body of evidence from animal studies implicating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in neuroinflammatory, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective processes in brain. However, direct evidence for a role of PUFA in human brain structure and function has been lacking. Over the last decade there has been a notable increase in neuroimaging studies that have investigated the impact of PUFA intake and/or blood levels (i.e., biostatus) on brain structure, function, and pathology in human subjects. The majority of these studies specifically evaluated associations between omega-3 PUFA intake and/or biostatus and neuroimaging outcomes using a variety of experimental designs and imaging techniques. This review provides an updated overview of these studies in an effort to identify patterns to guide and inform future research. While the weight of evidence provides general support for a beneficial effect of a habitual diet consisting of higher omega-3 PUFA intake on cortical structure and function in healthy human subjects, additional research is needed to replicate and extend these findings as well as identify response mediators and clarify mechanistic pathways. Controlled intervention trials are also needed to determine whether increasing n-3 PUFA biostatus can prevent or attenuate neuropathological brain changes observed in patients with or at risk for psychiatric disorders and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, United States.
| | - Ruth H Asch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, United States
| | - Diana M Lindquist
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Robert Krikorian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, United States
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Reddan JM, White DJ, Macpherson H, Scholey A, Pipingas A. Glycerophospholipid Supplementation as a Potential Intervention for Supporting Cerebral Structure in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:49. [PMID: 29563868 PMCID: PMC5845902 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifying nutritional intake through supplementation may be efficacious for altering the trajectory of cerebral structural decline evident with increasing age. To date, there have been a number of clinical trials in older adults whereby chronic supplementation with B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, or resveratrol, has been observed to either slow the rate of decline or repair cerebral tissue. There is also some evidence from animal studies indicating that supplementation with glycerophospholipids (GPL) may benefit cerebral structure, though these effects have not yet been investigated in adult humans. Despite this paucity of research, there are a number of factors predicting poorer cerebral structure in older humans, which GPL supplementation appears to beneficially modify or protect against. These include elevated concentrations of homocysteine, unbalanced activity of reactive oxygen species both increasing the risk of oxidative stress, increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory messengers, as well as poorer cardio- and cerebrovascular function. As such, it is hypothesized that GPL supplementation will support cerebral structure in older adults. These cerebral effects may influence cognitive function. The current review aims to provide a theoretical basis for future clinical trials investigating the effects of GPL supplementation on cerebral structural integrity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery M Reddan
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Geerlings MI, Gerritsen L. Late-Life Depression, Hippocampal Volumes, and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Regulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:339-350. [PMID: 28318491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the association of late-life depression (LLD) with hippocampal volume (HCV) and total brain volume (TBV), and of cortisol levels with HCV, including subgroup analyses of depression characteristics and methodological aspects. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase for original studies that examined the cross-sectional relationship between LLD and HCV or TBV, and 46 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) between LLD and control subjects were calculated from crude or adjusted brain volumes using random effects. Standardized Fisher transformations of the correlations between cortisol levels and HCVs were calculated using random effects. RESULTS We included 2702 LLD patients and 11,165 control subjects from 35 studies examining HCV. Relative to control subjects, patients had significantly smaller HCVs (standardized mean difference = -0.32 [95% confidence interval, -0.44 to -0.19]). Subgroup analyses showed that late-onset depression was more strongly associated with HCV than early-onset depression. In addition, effect sizes were larger for case-control studies, studies with lower quality, and studies with small sample size, and were almost absent in cohort studies and studies with larger sample sizes. For TBV, 2523 patients and 7880 control subjects from 31 studies were included. The standardized mean difference in TBV between LLD and control subjects was -0.10 (95% confidence interval, -0.16 to -0.04). Of the 12 studies included, higher levels of cortisol were associated with smaller HCV (correlation = -0.11 [95% confidence interval, -0.18 to -0.04]). CONCLUSIONS While an overall measure of LLD may be associated with smaller HCVs, differentiating clinical aspects of LLD and examining methodological issues show that this relationship is not straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam I Geerlings
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lotte Gerritsen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pesce M, Tatangelo R, La Fratta I, Rizzuto A, Campagna G, Turli C, Ferrone A, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Verrocchio MC, De Lutiis MA, Felaco M, Grilli A. Memory Training Program Decreases the Circulating Level of Cortisol and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Healthy Older Adults. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:233. [PMID: 28790890 PMCID: PMC5522887 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging cognitive decline has been associated to impairment of the Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenals (HPA) axis activity and a higher level of the systemic inflammation. However, little is known about the molecules driving this process at peripheral level. In addition, the cognitive function is to some extent modifiable with Memory Training (MT) programs, even among older adults and beyond. The study aims to evaluate whether MT could contribute to ameliorate cognitive performance and modulate the HPA axis activity as well the low level inflammation in the aging phenotype. Whether the phosphatase WIP-1, a negative regulator for inflammation, is involved in this process was also investigated. We recruited 31 young adults (19-28, years of age) and 62 older adults aged over 60. Thirty-two older adults were submitted to 6-months of MT program (EG), and 28 older adults were no treated and used as Control Group (CG). Global cognitive functioning (MMSE score), verbal and visual memory, and attention were assessed at baseline (T0) and after 6-months (T1). At the same time, plasmatic level of Cortisol (C), IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and the expression of WIP-1 mRNA and protein in ex vivo Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells were analyzed in young adults at T0, as well in older adults at T0 and T1. Together, the results suggest that MT improves the global cognitive functionality, verbal and visual memory, as well as the level of attention. At the same time we observed a decrease of the plasmatic level of C, of the cytokines, and an increase of the expression of mRNA and protein of WIP-1. The analysis of correlations highlighted that the level of the mRNA of WIP-1 was positively associated to the MMSE score, and negatively to the C and cytokine levels. In conclusion, we purpose the MT as tool that could help support successful aging through the improving of memory, attention and global cognitive function performance. Furthermore, this approach could participate to maintain lower the peripheral levels of the C and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The WIP-1 as a potential new target of the pathophysiology of aging is theorized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raffaella Tatangelo
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University G. D’AnnunzioChieti, Italy
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Garcez ML, Mina F, Bellettini-Santos T, Carneiro FG, Luz AP, Schiavo GL, Andrighetti MS, Scheid MG, Bolfe RP, Budni J. Minocycline reduces inflammatory parameters in the brain structures and serum and reverses memory impairment caused by the administration of amyloid β (1-42) in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 77:23-31. [PMID: 28336494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of age-related dementia. Cognitive decline, beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation are the main pathophysiological characteristics of AD. Minocycline is a tetracycline derivative with anti-inflammatory properties that has a neuroprotective effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of minocycline on memory, neurotrophins and neuroinflammation in an animal model of AD induced by the administration of Aβ (1-42) oligomer. Male BALB/c mice were treated with minocycline (50mg/kg) via the oral route for a total of 17days, 24h after intracerebroventricular administration of Aβ (1-42) oligomer. At the end of this period, was performed the radial maze test, and 24h after the last minocycline administration, serum was collected and the cortex and hippocampus were dissected for biochemical analysis. The administration of minocycline reversed the memory impairment caused by Aβ (1-42). In the hippocampus, minocycline reversed the increases in the levels of interleukin (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha (TNF-α) and, IL-10 caused by Aβ (1-42). In the cortex, AD-like model increase the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and, IL-4. Minocycline treatment reversed this. In the serum, Aβ (1-42) increased the levels of IL-1β and IL-4, and minocycline was able to reverse this action, but not to reverse the decrease of IL-10 levels. Minocycline also reversed the increase in the levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus caused by Aβ (1-42), and reduced Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) increases in the total cortex. Therefore, our results indicate that minocycline causes improvements in the spatial memory, and cytokine levels were correlated with this effect in the brain it. Besides this, minocycline reduced BDNF and NGF levels, highlighting the promising effects of minocycline in treating AD-like dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lima Garcez
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Francielle Mina
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Bellettini-Santos
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Franciellen Gonçalves Carneiro
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Pereira Luz
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Luis Schiavo
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Matheus Scopel Andrighetti
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maylton Grégori Scheid
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Renan Pereira Bolfe
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil..
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Stillman CM, Weinstein AM, Marsland AL, Gianaros PJ, Erickson KI. Body-Brain Connections: The Effects of Obesity and Behavioral Interventions on Neurocognitive Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:115. [PMID: 28507516 PMCID: PMC5410624 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health problem in the United States, particularly in middle-aged and older adults. Although the key factors leading to a population increase in body weight are still under investigation, there is evidence that certain behavioral interventions can mitigate the negative cognitive and brain ("neurocognitive") health consequences of obesity. The two primary behaviors most often targeted for weight loss are caloric intake and physical activity. These behaviors might have independent, as well as overlapping/synergistic effects on neurocognitive health. To date obesity is often described independently from behavioral interventions in regards to neurocognitive outcomes, yet there is conceptual and mechanistic overlap between these constructs. This review summarizes evidence linking obesity and modifiable behaviors, such as physical activity and diet, with brain morphology (e.g., gray and white matter volume and integrity), brain function (e.g., functional activation and connectivity), and cognitive function across the adult lifespan. In particular, we review evidence bearing on the following question: Are associations between obesity and brain health in aging adults modifiable by behavioral interventions?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea M. Weinstein
- Department of Behavioral and Community and Health Sciences, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna L. Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter J. Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
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Cox SR, Valdés Hernández MDC, Kim J, Royle NA, MacPherson SE, Ferguson KJ, Muñoz Maniega S, Anblagan D, Aribisala BS, Bastin ME, Park J, Starr JM, Deary IJ, MacLullich AM, Wardlaw JM. Associations between hippocampal morphology, diffusion characteristics, and salivary cortisol in older men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 78:151-158. [PMID: 28199858 PMCID: PMC5380197 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
High, unabated glucocorticoid (GC) levels are thought to selectively damage certain tissue types. The hippocampus is thought to be particularly susceptible to such effects, and though findings from animal models and human patients provide some support for this hypothesis, evidence for associations between elevated GCs and lower hippocampal volumes in older age (when GC levels are at greater risk of dysregulation) is inconclusive. To address the possibility that the effects of GCs in non-pathological ageing may be too subtle for gross volumetry to reliably detect, we analyse associations between salivary cortisol (diurnal and reactive measures), hippocampal morphology and diffusion characteristics in 88 males, aged ∼73 years. However, our results provide only weak support for this hypothesis. Though nominally significant peaks in morphology were found in both hippocampi across all salivary cortisol measures (standardised β magnitudes<0.518, puncorrected>0.0000003), associations were both positive and negative, and none survived false discovery rate correction. We found one single significant association (out of 12 comparisons) between a general measure of hippocampal diffusion and reactive cortisol slope (β=0.290, p=0.008) which appeared to be driven predominantly by mean diffusivity but did not survive correction for multiple testing. The current data therefore do not clearly support the hypothesis that elevated cortisol levels are associated with subtle variations in hippocampal shape or microstructure in non-pathological older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R. Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK,Corresponding author at: Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.Department of Neuroimaging SciencesCentre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Maria del Carmen Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK,Corresponding author at: Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.Department of Neuroimaging SciencesCentre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Jaeil Kim
- School of Computing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Natalie A. Royle
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E. MacPherson
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen J. Ferguson
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK,Edinburgh Delirium Research Group, Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Devasuda Anblagan
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Benjamin S. Aribisala
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK,Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jinah Park
- School of Computing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alasdair M.J. MacLullich
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK,Edinburgh Delirium Research Group, Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Immunometabolic dysregulation is associated with reduced cortical thickness of the anterior cingulate cortex. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:361-368. [PMID: 27989860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunometabolic dysregulation (low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysregulation) has been associated with the onset and more severe course of multiple psychiatric disorders, partly due to neuroanatomical changes and impaired neuroplasticity. We examined the effect of multiple markers of immunometabolic dysregulation on hippocampal and amygdala volume and anterior cingulate cortex thickness in a large sample of patients with depression and/or anxiety and healthy subjects (N=283). METHODS Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), c-reactive protein (CRP), triglyceride levels and HDL-cholesterol and genomic profile risk scores (GPRS) for immunometabolic dysregulation were determined in peripheral blood and T1 MRI scans were acquired at 3T. Regional brain volume and cortical thickness was assessed using FreeSurfer. Covariate-adjusted linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between immunometabolic dysregulation and brain volume/thickness across all subjects. RESULTS Multiple immunometabolic dysregulation markers (i.e. triglyceride levels and inflammation) were associated with lower rostral ACC thickness across all subjects. IL-6 was inversely associated with hippocampal and amygdala volume in healthy subjects only. GPRS for immunometabolic dysregulation were not associated with brain volume or cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS Multiple serum, but not genetic immunometabolic dysregulation markers were found to relate to rostral ACC structure, suggesting that inflammation and metabolic dysregulation may impact the ACC through similar mechanisms.
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Hennessy E, Gormley S, Lopez-Rodriguez AB, Murray C, Murray C, Cunningham C. Systemic TNF-α produces acute cognitive dysfunction and exaggerated sickness behavior when superimposed upon progressive neurodegeneration. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 59:233-244. [PMID: 27633985 PMCID: PMC5176008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation influences chronic neurodegeneration but its precise roles are not yet clear. Systemic inflammation caused by infection, trauma or co-morbidity can alter the brain's inflammatory status, produce acute cognitive impairments, such as delirium, and drive new pathology and accelerated decline. Consistent with this, elevated systemic TNF-α is associated with more rapid cognitive decline over 6months in Alzheimer's disease patients. In the current study we challenged normal animals and those with existing progressive neurodegeneration (ME7 prion disease) with TNF-α (i.p.) to test the hypothesis that this cytokine has differential effects on cognitive function, sickness behavior and features of underlying pathology contingent on the animals' baseline condition. TNF-α (50μg/kg) had no impact on performance of normal animals (normal brain homogenate; NBH) on working memory (T-maze) but produced acute impairments in ME7 animals similarly challenged. Plasma TNF-α and CCL2 levels were equivalent in NBH and ME7 TNF-challenged animals but hippocampal and hypothalamic transcription of IL-1β, TNF-α and CCL2 and translation of IL-1β were higher in ME7+TNF-α than NBH+TNF-α animals. TNF-α produced an exaggerated sickness behavior response (hypothermia, weight loss, inactivity) in ME7 animals compared to that in NBH animals. However a single challenge with this dose was not sufficient to produce de novo neuronal death, synaptic loss or tau hyperphosphorylation that was distinguishable from that arising from ME7 alone. The data indicate that acutely elevated TNF-α has robust acute effects on brain function, selectively in the degenerating brain, but more sustained levels may be required to significantly impact on underlying neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel Hennessy
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shane Gormley
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ana Belen Lopez-Rodriguez
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caoimhe Murray
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Carol Murray
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Colm Cunningham
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Knight MJ, McCann B, Tsivos D, Dillon S, Coulthard E, Kauppinen RA. Quantitative T2 mapping of white matter: applications for ageing and cognitive decline. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:5587-605. [PMID: 27384985 PMCID: PMC5390949 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/15/5587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In MRI, the coherence lifetime T2 is sensitive to the magnetic environment imposed by tissue microstructure and biochemistry in vivo. Here we explore the possibility that the use of T2 relaxometry may provide information complementary to that provided by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in ageing of healthy controls (HC), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). T2 and diffusion MRI metrics were quantified in HC and patients with MCI and mild AD using multi-echo MRI and DTI. We used tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to evaluate quantitative MRI parameters in white matter (WM). A prolonged T2 in WM was associated with AD, and able to distinguish AD from MCI, and AD from HC. Shorter WM T2 was associated with better cognition and younger age in general. In no case was a reduction in T2 associated with poorer cognition. We also applied principal component analysis, showing that WM volume changes independently of T2, MRI diffusion indices and cognitive performance indices. Our data add to the evidence that age-related and AD-related decline in cognition is in part attributable to WM tissue state, and much less to WM quantity. These observations suggest that WM is involved in AD pathology, and that T2 relaxometry is a potential imaging modality for detecting and characterising WM in cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Knight
- School of Experimental Psychology, 12a Priory Road, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
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Niddam D, Lee SH, Su YT, Chan RC. Brain structural changes in patients with chronic myofascial pain. Eur J Pain 2016; 21:148-158. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.M. Niddam
- Brain Research Center; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - S.-H. Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Y.-T. Su
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Far Eastern Memorial Hospital; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - R.-C. Chan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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63
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Teixeira AM, Ferreira JP, Hogervorst E, Braga MF, Bandelow S, Rama L, Figueiredo A, Campos MJ, Furtado GE, Chupel MU, Pedrosa FM. Study Protocol on Hormonal Mediation of Exercise on Cognition, Stress and Immunity (PRO-HMECSI): Effects of Different Exercise Programmes in Institutionalized Elders. Front Public Health 2016; 4:133. [PMID: 27446898 PMCID: PMC4921497 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) in elders has been shown to have positive effects on a plethora of chronic diseases and to improve immunity, mental health, and cognition. Chronic stress has also been shown to have immuno-suppressive effects and to accelerate immunosenescence. Exercise could be a significant factor in ameliorating the deleterious effects of chronic stress, but variables such as the type, intensity, and frequency of exercise that should be performed in order to effectively reduce the stress burden need to be defined clearly. PRO-HMECSI will allow us to investigate which hormonal and immunological parameters are able to mediate the effects of exercise on mucosal immunity, psychological/biological stress, and cognitive functioning in older people. Phase I consists of an observational cross-sectional study that compares elders groups (n = 223, >65 years) by functional fitness levels aiming to identify biomarkers involved in maintaining immune and mental health. Neuroendocrine and immune biomarkers of stress, psychological well-being related to mental health, neurocognitive function, functional fitness, and daily PA will be evaluated. Phase II consists of a 28-week intervention in elders with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) profile (n = 149, >65 years, divided in three groups of exercise and one control group), aiming to investigate whether the positive effect of three different types of chair-based exercise programs on physical and psychological health is mediated by an optimal endocrine environment. Primary outcomes are measures of cognitive function and global health. Secondary outcomes include the evaluation the other dimensions such as immune function, psychological health, and depression. Few studies addressed the effects of different types of exercise interventions in older population samples with MCI. We will also be able to determine which type of exercise is more effective in the immune and hormonal function of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Teixeira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Margarida Ferreira Braga
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University , Porto , Portugal
| | - Stephan Bandelow
- National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Luís Rama
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - António Figueiredo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Maria João Campos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Matheus Uba Chupel
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Filipa Martins Pedrosa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
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Kurth F, Cherbuin N, Luders E. Reduced age-related degeneration of the hippocampal subiculum in long-term meditators. Psychiatry Res 2015; 232:214-8. [PMID: 25907419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Normal aging is known to result in a reduction of gray matter within the hippocampal complex, particularly in the subiculum. The present study was designed to address the question whether the practice of meditation can amend this age-related subicular atrophy. For this purpose, we established the correlations between subicular volume and chronological age within 50 long-term meditators and 50 control subjects. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were automatically processed combining cytoarchitectonically defined probabilistic maps with advanced tissue segmentation and registration methods. Overall, we observed steeper negative regression slopes in controls. The analysis further revealed a significant group-by-age interaction for the left subiculum with a significant negative correlation between age and subicular volume in controls, but no significant correlation in meditators. Altogether, these findings seem to suggest a reduced age-related atrophy of the left subiculum in meditators compared to healthy controls. Possible explanations might be a relative increase of subicular tissue over time through long-term training as meditation is a process that incorporates regular and ongoing mental efforts. Alternatively, because meditation is an established form of reducing stress, our observation might reflect an overall preservation of subicular tissue through a reduced neuronal vulnerability to negative effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kurth
- Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Eileen Luders
- Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Patel SK, Wong AL, Wong FL, Breen EC, Hurria A, Smith M, Kinjo C, Paz IB, Kruper L, Somlo G, Mortimer JE, Palomares MR, Irwin MR, Bhatia S. Inflammatory Biomarkers, Comorbidity, and Neurocognition in Women With Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv131. [PMID: 26101331 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive dysfunction is reported in women with breast cancer even prior to receipt of adjuvant therapy; however, there is little understanding of underlying mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that pretreatment neurocognitive dysfunction in newly diagnosed patients is related to immunological activation, as indexed by pro-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS One hundred seventy-four postmenopausal patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation (assessment of cognitive function, mood, and fatigue) and measurement of key cytokine levels prior to surgery. Age-matched control participants without cancer were evaluated concurrently. Multivariable regression analyses examined the contribution of circulating Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and soluble TNF receptor type two (sTNF-RII) in predicting neurocognitive performance in patients after controlling for key factors thought to impact functioning. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided. RESULTS Memory performance was statistically significantly reduced, in patients compared with controls (P = .02). Of the three cytokines measured, only IL-1ra was statistically significantly elevated in cancer patients when compared with control participants (mean ± SD, 375 ± 239 pg/mL vs 291 ± 169 pg/mL, P = .007). After controlling for age, education, race, mood, fatigue, body mass index, and comorbidity, cytokines independently explained 6.0% of the total variance in memory performance (P = .01) in cancer patients but not control participants, with higher sTNF-RII associated with worse functioning. Exploratory analyses found that comorbidity statistically significantly explained variance in processing speed and executive functioning (P = .03 and P = .03, respectively). CONCLUSION An association of TNF with memory, previously reported in patients after exposure to chemotherapy, was found prior to initiation of any treatment, including surgery. This association requires further investigation as sTNF-RII was not higher in cancer patients relative to control participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita K Patel
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI).
| | - Andrew L Wong
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
| | - F Lennie Wong
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
| | - Elizabeth Crabb Breen
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
| | - Arti Hurria
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
| | - Mackenzie Smith
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
| | - Christine Kinjo
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
| | - I Benjamin Paz
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
| | - Laura Kruper
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
| | - George Somlo
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
| | - Joanne E Mortimer
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
| | - Melanie R Palomares
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Department of Population Sciences (SKP, ALW, FLW, MS, CK, MRP), Department of Supportive Care Medicine (SKP), Department of Medical Oncology (AH, IBP, LK, GS, JM, MRP), Department of Surgery (IBP, LK), City of Hope Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California; Institute of Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (SB); Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (ECB, MRI)
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Being overweight is associated with hippocampal atrophy: the PATH Through Life Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1509-14. [PMID: 26041696 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Friedler B, Crapser J, McCullough L. One is the deadliest number: the detrimental effects of social isolation on cerebrovascular diseases and cognition. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:493-509. [PMID: 25537401 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of chronic social isolation (SI) have been recognized for several decades. Isolation is a major source of psychosocial stress and is associated with an increased prevalence of vascular and neurological diseases. In addition, isolation exacerbates morbidity and mortality following acute injuries such as stroke or myocardial infarction. In contrast, affiliative social interactions can improve organismal function and health. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. Recently, results from large epidemiological trials and pre-clinical studies have revealed several potential mediators of the detrimental effects of isolation. At least three major biological systems have been implicated: the neuroendocrine (HPA) axis, the immune system, and the autonomic nervous system. This review summarizes studies examining the relationship between isolation and mortality and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SI. Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurological diseases including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease are given special emphasis in the context of SI. Sex differences are highlighted and studies are separated into clinical and basic science for clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Friedler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA,
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