51
|
Han X, Tan Q, Yang S, Li J, Xu J, Hao X, Hu X, Xing P, Liu Y, Lin L, Gui L, Qin Y, Yang J, Liu P, Wang X, Dai W, Lin D, Lin H, Shi Y. Comprehensive Profiling of Gene Copy Number Alterations Predicts Patient Prognosis in Resected Stages I-III Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:556. [PMID: 31448219 PMCID: PMC6691340 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) possesses a poor prognosis with a low 5-year survival rate even for stages I-III resected patients, it is thus critical to understand the determinants that affect the survival and discover new potentially prognostic biomarkers. Somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) are major source of genomic variations driving tumor evolution, CNAs screening may identify prognostic biomarkers. Methods: Oncoscan MIP array was used to analyze the patterns of CNAs on formalin fixed paraffin embedded(FFPE) tumor specimens from 163 consecutive stage I-III resected LUAD patients, 145 out of which received platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: Of the 163 patients, 91(55.8%) were recurred within 3 years after surgery. The most common aberrations in our cohort were 1q, 5p, 5q, 7p, 8q, 14p, 16p, 17q, 20q for copy number gains and 8p, 9p, 13p, 16q, 18q for losses. The GISTIC2 analysis produced 45 amplification peaks and 40 deletion peaks, involving some reported genes TERT, EGFR, MYC, CCND1, CDK4, MDM2, ERBB2, NKX2-1, CCNE1, and CDKN2A, most of which were consistent with TCGA database. The amplifications of 12p12.1 (CMAS, GOLT1B, YS2, LDHB, RECQL, ETNK1, IAPP, PYROXD1, KRAS) and KDM5A were correlated with worse prognosis in our cohort, this result was further validated in 506 LUAD patients from TCGA. In addition, 163 patients could be well-classified into five groups, and the clinical outcomes were significantly different based on threshold copy number at reoccurring alteration peaks. Among the 145 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, focal amplification of ERBB2 and deletion of 4q34.3 were found to be specific in relapsed patients, this result was validated in an independent group of Imielinski et al., demonstrating these two CNAs may contribute to resected LUAD recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: This study suggests that CNAs profiling may be a potential prognostic classifier in resected LAUD patients. Amplifications of 12p12.1 and KDM5A might be prognostic biomarkers for LUAD, and amplification of ERBB2 and deletion of 4q34.3 predicted early relapse after adjuvant chemotherapy. These novel findings may provide implication for better implementation of precision therapy for lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyun Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Xingsheng Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Puyuan Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Wumin Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Medical Record, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Qiu F, Su B, Li Z, Chen W, Cao L, Chen F, Liu D, He J, Lin N. New serum biomarker identification and analysis by mass spectrometry in cervical precancerous lesion and acute cervicitis in South China. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6151-6162. [PMID: 31308751 PMCID: PMC6613603 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s205052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: According to the statistics of WHO/IARC, cervical cancer (CC) has become the fourth malignant cancer of female worldwide and it is one of the main causes of death of women in developing countries. Purpose: Potential plasma and metabolic biomarkers for CC precancerous lesions and cervicitis were indicated by LC-MS techniques, and their underlying mechanisms and functions were analyzed. Methods: Plasma samples were selected from healthy people (control), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), CC, and post-treatment patients. All polypeptide types and sequences were detected by LC-MS/MS and the results were normalized by using Pareto-scaling. Potential metabolic biomarkers were screened by applying MetaboAnalyst 4.0 software and XCMS software, and analysis of variance and enrichment analysis were performed. Metabolic pathway analysis and functional enrichment analysis were used to further investigate the significance and pathological mechanisms of potential biomarkers. Results: Compared with healthy people, 9 differentially expressed metabolites were screened, 4 of which were up-regulated and 5 were down-regulated. LSIL group screened 7 differentially expressed metabolites, 5 of which were up-regulated and 2 were down-regulated; CC group screened 12 differentially expressed metabolites were screened, of which 9 were up-regulated and 3 were down-regulated. Eight differentially expressed metabolites were screened in the IF group, of which 5 showed up-regulation and 3 showed down-regulation. In functional enrichment analysis, differential metabolism was found to be associated with addition and coagulation cascades. Among all potential biomarkers, 2-amino-3-methyl-1-butanol, L-carnitine, Asn Asn Gln Arg, Ala Cys Ser Trp, Soladulcidine, Ala Ile Gln Arg, 2-amino-3 -Methyl-1-butanol, L-carnitine, Asn Asn Gln Arg, Ala Cys Ser Trp, Soladulcidine, Ala Ile Gln Arg can be used as predictors of precancerous lesions at different stages of CC. Among all biomarkers, 6α-fluoro-11β1,17-dihydroxypren-4-ene-3,20-dione has higher expression in the CC and HSIL groups and lower expression in the treatment group. Conclusion: By applying molecular markers to assess the progression of the disease, the accuracy and specificity of the diagnosis can be improved, which has certain prospects in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528244, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingsen Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Torch Development Zone Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528437, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528244, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenke Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528244, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbing Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528244, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingling He
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Lin
- Department of General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528244, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin abolishes circadian regulation of hepatic metabolic activity in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6514. [PMID: 31015483 PMCID: PMC6478849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation is reported to alter the hepatic expression of circadian clock regulators, however the impact on clock-controlled metabolism has not been thoroughly investigated. This study examines the effects of AhR activation on hepatic transcriptome and metabolome rhythmicity in male C57BL/6 mice orally gavaged with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) every 4 days for 28 days. TCDD diminished the rhythmicity of several core clock regulators (e.g. Arntl, Clock, Nr1d1, Per1, Cry1, Nfil3) in a dose-dependent manner, involving either a ≥ 3.3-fold suppression in amplitude or complete loss of oscillation. Accordingly, protein levels (ARNTL, REV-ERBα, NFIL3) and genomic binding (ARNTL) of select regulators were reduced and arrhythmic following treatment. As a result, the oscillating expression of 99.6% of 5,636 clock-controlled hepatic genes was abolished including genes associated with the metabolism of lipids, glucose/glycogen, and heme. For example, TCDD flattened expression of the rate-limiting enzymes in both gluconeogenesis (Pck1) and glycogenesis (Gys2), consistent with the depletion and loss of rhythmicity in hepatic glycogen levels. Examination of polar hepatic extracts by untargeted mass spectrometry revealed that virtually all oscillating metabolites lost rhythmicity following treatment. Collectively, these results suggest TCDD disrupted circadian regulation of hepatic metabolism, altering metabolic efficiency and energy storage.
Collapse
|
54
|
Tkac J, Gajdosova V, Hroncekova S, Bertok T, Hires M, Jane E, Lorencova L, Kasak P. Prostate-specific antigen glycoprofiling as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of prostate cancer. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180077. [PMID: 30842876 PMCID: PMC6388024 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial part of this review details the controversy behind the use of a serological level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for the diagnostics of prostate cancer (PCa). Novel biomarkers are in demand for PCa diagnostics, outperforming traditional PSA tests. The review provides a detailed and comprehensive summary that PSA glycoprofiling can effectively solve this problem, thereby considerably reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies. In addition, PSA glycoprofiling can serve as a prognostic PCa biomarker to identify PCa patients with an aggressive form of PCa, avoiding unnecessary further treatments which are significantly life altering (incontinence or impotence).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Glycanostics Ltd, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefania Hroncekova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Glycanostics Ltd, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Glycanostics Ltd, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Current Status and Future Prospects of Clinically Exploiting Cancer-specific Metabolism-Why Is Tumor Metabolism Not More Extensively Translated into Clinical Targets and Biomarkers? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061385. [PMID: 30893889 PMCID: PMC6471292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit a specialized metabolism supporting their superior ability for rapid proliferation, migration, and apoptotic evasion. It is reasonable to assume that the specific metabolic needs of the tumor cells can offer an array of therapeutic windows as pharmacological disturbance may derail the biochemical mechanisms necessary for maintaining the tumor characteristics, while being less important for normally proliferating cells. In addition, the specialized metabolism may leave a unique metabolic signature which could be used clinically for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. Quantitative global metabolic profiling (metabolomics) has evolved over the last two decades. However, despite the technology’s present ability to measure 1000s of endogenous metabolites in various clinical or biological specimens, there are essentially no examples of metabolomics investigations being translated into actual utility in the cancer clinic. This review investigates the current efforts of using metabolomics as a tool for translation of tumor metabolism into the clinic and further seeks to outline paths for increasing the momentum of using tumor metabolism as a biomarker and drug target opportunity.
Collapse
|
56
|
Cornelissen LAM, Blanas A, van der Horst JC, Kruijssen L, Zaal A, O'Toole T, Wiercx L, van Kooyk Y, van Vliet SJ. Disruption of sialic acid metabolism drives tumor growth by augmenting CD8 + T cell apoptosis. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:2290-2302. [PMID: 30578646 PMCID: PMC6519079 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated glycan structures are known for their immunomodulatory capacities and their contribution to tumor immune evasion. However, the role of aberrant sialylation in colorectal cancer and the consequences of complete tumor desialylation on anti-tumor immunity remain unstudied. Here, we report that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of the CMAS gene, encoding a key enzyme in the sialylation pathway, in the mouse colorectal cancer MC38 cell line completely abrogated cell surface expression of sialic acids (MC38-Sianull ) and, unexpectedly, significantly increased in vivo tumor growth compared to the control MC38-MOCK cells. This enhanced tumor growth of MC38-Sianull cells could be attributed to decreased CD8+ T cell frequencies in the tumor microenvironment only, as immune cell frequencies in tumor-draining lymph nodes remained unaffected. In addition, MC38-Sianull cells were able to induce CD8+ T cell apoptosis in an antigen-independent manner. Moreover, low CMAS gene expression correlated with reduced recurrence-free survival in a human colorectal cancer cohort, supporting the clinical relevance of our work. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time a detrimental effect of complete tumor desialylation on colorectal cancer tumor growth, which greatly impacts the design of novel cancer therapeutics aimed at altering the tumor glycosylation profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenneke A M Cornelissen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Blanas
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C van der Horst
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Kruijssen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Zaal
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom O'Toole
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Wiercx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
van Gorsel M, Elia I, Fendt SM. 13C Tracer Analysis and Metabolomics in 3D Cultured Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1862:53-66. [PMID: 30315459 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8769-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics and 13C tracer analysis are state-of-the-art techniques that allow determining the concentration of metabolites and the activity of metabolic pathways, respectively. Three dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells constitute an enriched in vitro environment that can be used to assay anchorage-independent growth, spheroid formation, and extracellular matrix production by (cancer) cells. Here, we describe how to perform metabolomics and 13C tracer analysis in 3D cultures of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marit van Gorsel
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilaria Elia
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Tkac J, Bertok T, Hires M, Jane E, Lorencova L, Kasak P. Glycomics of prostate cancer: updates. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 16:65-76. [PMID: 30451032 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1549993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a life-threatening disease affecting millions of men. The current best PCa biomarker (level of prostate-specific antigen in serum) lacks specificity for PCa diagnostics and this is why novel PCa biomarkers in addition to the conventional ones based on biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins need to be identified. Areas covered: This review details the potential of glycans-based biomarkers to become diagnostic, prognostic, predictive and therapeutic PCa biomarkers with a brief description of the innovative approaches applied to glycan analysis to date. Finally, the review covers the possibility to use exosomes as a rich source of glycans for future innovative and advanced diagnostics of PCa. The review covers updates in the field since 2016. Expert commentary: The summary provided in this review paper suggests that glycan-based biomarkers can offer high-assay accuracy not only for diagnostic purposes but also for monitoring/surveillance of the PCa disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tkac
- a Slovak Academy of Sciences , Institute of Chemistry , Bratislava , Slovakia.,b Glycanostics Ltd ., Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Tomas Bertok
- a Slovak Academy of Sciences , Institute of Chemistry , Bratislava , Slovakia.,b Glycanostics Ltd ., Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Michal Hires
- a Slovak Academy of Sciences , Institute of Chemistry , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- a Slovak Academy of Sciences , Institute of Chemistry , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- a Slovak Academy of Sciences , Institute of Chemistry , Bratislava , Slovakia.,b Glycanostics Ltd ., Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- c Center for Advanced Materials , Qatar University , Doha , Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
O'Day EM, Idos GE, Hill C, Chen JW, Wagner G. Cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase enhances invasion of human triple-negative breast cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6827-6838. [PMID: 30349315 PMCID: PMC6188205 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s177639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells have altered bioenergetics, which contributes to their ability to proliferate, survive in unusual microenvironments, and invade other tissues. Changes in glucose metabolism can have pleomorphic effects on tumor cells. Methods To investigate potential mechanisms responsible for the increased malignancy associated with altered glucose metabolism, we used an unbiased nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy screening method to identify glucose metabolites differentially produced in a highly malignant human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line (BPLER) and a less malignant isogenic TNBC cell line (HMLER). Results N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), the predominant sialic acid derivative in mammalian cells, which forms the terminal sugar on mucinous cell surface glycoproteins, was the major glucose metabolite that differed. Neu5Ac was ~7-fold more abundant in BPLER than HMLER. Loss of Neu5Ac by enzymatic removal or siRNA knockdown of cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase (CMAS), which activates cellular sialic acids for glycoprotein conjugation, had no significant effect on cell proliferation, but decreased the ability of BPLER to invade through a basement membrane. Conversely, overexpressing CMAS in HMLER increased invasivity. TNBCs in The Cancer Genome Atlas also had significantly more CMAS copy number variations and higher mRNA expression than non-TNBC, which have a better prognosis. CMAS knockdown in BPLER ex vivo blocked xenograft formation in mice. Conclusion Neu5Ac is selectively highly enriched in aggressive TNBC, and CMAS, the enzyme required for sialylation, may play an important role in TNBC tumor formation and invasivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M O'Day
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, .,Olaris Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Greg E Idos
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | - Joan W Chen
- Rancho Biosciences, San Diego, CA 92127, USA
| | - Gerhard Wagner
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,
| |
Collapse
|