51
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Taylor OG, Brzozowski JS, Skelding KA. Glioblastoma Multiforme: An Overview of Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2019; 9:963. [PMID: 31616641 PMCID: PMC6775189 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumour in humans and has a very poor prognosis. The existing treatments have had limited success in increasing overall survival. Thus, identifying and understanding the key molecule(s) responsible for the malignant phenotype of GBM will yield new potential therapeutic targets. The treatment of brain tumours faces unique challenges, including the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB), which limits the concentration of drugs that can reach the site of the tumour. Nevertheless, several promising treatments have been shown to cross the BBB and have shown promising pre-clinical results. This review will outline the status of several of these promising targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G Taylor
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua S Brzozowski
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Skelding
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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52
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11PS04 is a new chemical entity identified by microRNA-based biosensing with promising therapeutic potential against cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11916. [PMID: 31417117 PMCID: PMC6695485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic drug discovery must take advantage of the large amount of clinical data currently available. In this sense, the impact of microRNAs (miRs) on human disease and clinical therapeutic responses is becoming increasingly well documented. Accordingly, it might be possible to use miR-based signatures as phenotypic read-outs of pathological status, for example in cancer. Here, we propose to use the information accumulating regarding the biology of miRs from clinical research in the preclinical arena, adapting it to the use of miR biosensors in the earliest steps of drug screening. Thus, we have used an amperometric dual magnetosensor capable of monitoring a miR-21/miR-205 signature to screen for new drugs that restore these miRs to non-tumorigenic levels in cell models of breast cancer and glioblastoma. In this way we have been able to identify a new chemical entity, 11PS04 ((3aR,7aS)-2-(3-propoxyphenyl)-7,7a-dihydro-3aH-pyrano[3,4-d]oxazol-6(4H)-one), the therapeutic potential of which was suggested in mechanistic assays of disease models, including 3D cell culture (oncospheres) and xenografts. These assays highlighted the potential of this compound to attack cancer stem cells, reducing the growth of breast and glioblastoma tumors in vivo. These data demonstrate the enhanced chain of translatability of this strategy, opening up new perspectives for drug-discovery pipelines and highlighting the potential of miR-based electro-analytical sensors as efficient tools in modern drug discovery.
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53
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Megías J, Martínez A, San-Miguel T, Gil-Benso R, Muñoz-Hidalgo L, Albert-Bellver D, Carratalá A, Gozalbo D, López-Ginés C, Gil ML, Cerdá-Nicolás M. Pam3CSK4, a TLR2 ligand, induces differentiation of glioblastoma stem cells and confers susceptibility to temozolomide. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:299-310. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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54
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Sugimori M, Hayakawa Y, Tamura R, Kuroda S. The combined efficacy of OTS964 and temozolomide for reducing the size of power-law coded heterogeneous glioma stem cell populations. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2397-2415. [PMID: 31040930 PMCID: PMC6481323 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma resists chemotherapy then recurs as a fatal space-occupying lesion. To improve the prognosis, the issues of chemoresistance and tumor size should be addressed. Glioma stem cell (GSC) populations, a heterogeneous power-law coded population in glioblastoma, are believed to be responsible for the recurrence and progressive expansion of tumors. Thus, we propose a therapeutic strategy of reducing the initial size and controlling the regrowth of GSC populations which directly facilitates initial and long-term control of glioblastoma recurrence. In this study, we administered an anti-glioma/GSC drug temozolomide (TMZ) and OTS964, an inhibitor for T-Lak cell originated protein kinase, in combination (T&O), investigating whether together they efficiently and substantially shrink the initial size of power-law coded GSC populations and slow the long-term re-growth of drug-resistant GSC populations. We employed a detailed quantitative approach using clonal glioma sphere (GS) cultures, measuring sphere survivability and changes to growth during the self-renewal. T&O eliminated self-renewing GS clones and suppressed their growth. We also addressed whether T&O reduced the size of self-renewed GS populations. T&O quickly reduced the size of GS populations via efficient elimination of GS clones. The growth of the surviving T&O-resistant GS populations was continuously disturbed, leading to substantial long-term shrinkage of the self-renewed GS populations. Thus, T&O reduced the initial size of GS populations and suppressed their later regrowth. A combination therapy of TMZ and OTS964 would represent a novel therapeutic paradigm with the potential for long-term control of glioblastoma recurrence via immediate and sustained shrinkage of power-law coded heterogeneous GSC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiya Sugimori
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yumiko Hayakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryoi Tamura
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuroda
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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55
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Bilateral Optic Neuritis Secondary to Nivolumab Therapy: A Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54050082. [PMID: 30404191 PMCID: PMC6262382 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric glioblastoma multiforme is an uncommon and highly mortal brain cancer. New therapeutic treatments are being intensively investigated by researchers in order to extend the survival of patients. The immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab in the treatment of pediatric glioblastoma multiforme is currently under review; it is a human immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody that works against the programmed cell death protein 1 receptor, designed to enhance an immunologic reaction against cancer cells. Herein, we describe the first report of a bilateral optic neuritis induced by nivolumab in a grade 4 glioblastoma multiforme patient.
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56
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Valproic Acid Inhibits Proliferation and Reduces Invasiveness in Glioma Stem Cells Through Wnt/β Catenin Signalling Activation. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9110522. [PMID: 30373123 PMCID: PMC6267016 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumour in adults. The failure of current therapies can be ascribed to glioma stem cells (GSCs), which can rapidly repopulate the tumour following the initial treatment. The study of histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as valproic acid (VPA), is becoming an attractive field in cancer research. However, the exact mechanisms underlying its anti-cancer effect remain to be elucidated due to its pleiotropic effects on several cell-signalling pathways. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) bioinformatics analysis was performed on genome-wide data regarding GSCs methylome to identify the signalling pathways mainly affected by methylation changes induced by VPA. Real time PCR and luciferase reporter assay were used to better investigate VPA effects on Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. VPA effect on GSC proliferation was evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and Trypan blue assays. Finally, VPA impact on GSC motility was demonstrated by Boyden chamber assay and further confirmed evaluating the expression levels or localisation, through western blot or immunofluorescence, of Twist1, Snail1, E-Cadherin and N-Cadherin. The bioinformatics analyses performed on GSCs methylome highlighted that Wnt/β-catenin signalling was affected by the methylation changes induced by VPA, which could influence its activation status. In particular, we pointed out a general activation of this pathway after VPA exposure, which was accompanied by an inhibitory potential on GSCs proliferation. Finally, we also proved VPA's ability to inhibit GSCs invasion through Snail1 and Twist1 downregulation and E-Cadherin relocalisation. VPA treatment may represent a new, interesting therapeutic approach to affect GSC proliferation and motility, but further investigations are certainly needed.
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57
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Wang X, Dai X, Zhang X, Ma C, Li X, Xu T, Lan Q. 3D bioprinted glioma cell-laden scaffolds enriching glioma stem cells via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:383-391. [PMID: 30350390 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to be the root cause of tumor recurrence and drug resistance in glioma patients. In-depth study of GSCs is of great significance for developing the treatment strategies of glioma. Unfortunately, it is difficult and takes complicated process to obtain GSCs. Therefore, establishing an ideal in vitro model for enriching GSCs will greatly promote the study of GSCs. In this study, the stemness properties of glioma cells were enhanced in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted tumor model. Furthermore, the possible molecular mechanism of GSCs enrichment: epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was explored. Compared with two-dimensional cultured cells, the proportion of GSCs and EMT-related genes in 3D cultured cells were significantly increased. Moreover, the 3D cultured glioma cells with improved stemness properties resulted in higher drug resistance in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Taken together, 3D bioprinted glioma cell-laden scaffold provides a proper platform for the enrichment of GSCs and it is expected to further promote the research on glioma drug resistance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 383-391, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- Medprin Biotech GmbH, Gutleutstraße 163-167, Frankfurt am Main, D-60327, Germany.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Medprin Biotech GmbH, Gutleutstraße 163-167, Frankfurt am Main, D-60327, Germany.,East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Xinda Li
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.,Department of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
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58
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Torres Á, Arriagada V, Erices JI, Toro MDLÁ, Rocha JD, Niechi I, Carrasco C, Oyarzún C, Quezada C. FK506 Attenuates the MRP1-Mediated Chemoresistant Phenotype in Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092697. [PMID: 30208561 PMCID: PMC6164673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor response to current treatments for glioblastoma has been attributed to the presence of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). GSCs are able to expel antitumor drugs to the extracellular medium using the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) transporter. Tacrolimus (FK506) has been identified as an MRP1 regulator in differentiated glioblastoma (GBM) cells (non-GSCs); however, the effect of FK506 on GSCs is currently unknown. The objective of the following research is to evaluate the effect of FK506 on the MRP1-related chemo-resistant phenotype of GSCs. For this, U87MG and C6 glioma cell lines were used to generate non-GSCs and GSCs. mRNA and MRP1-positive cells were evaluated by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry, respectively. A Carboxyfluorescein Diacetate (CFDA)-retention assay was performed to evaluate the MRP1 activity. Apoptosis and MTT assays were employed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of FK506 plus Vincristine (MRP1 substrate). GSC-derived subcutaneous tumors were generated to evaluate the in vivo effect of FK506/Vincristine treatment. No differences in transcript levels and positive cells for MRP1 were observed in FK506-treated cells. Lesser cell viability, increased apoptosis, and CFDA-retention in the FK506/Vincristine-treated cells were observed. In vivo, the FK506/Vincristine treatment decreased the tumor size as well as ki67, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), and nestin expression. We conclude that FK506 confers a chemo-sensitive phenotype to MRP1-drug substrate in GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángelo Torres
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Valentina Arriagada
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - José Ignacio Erices
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - María de Los Ángeles Toro
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - José Dellis Rocha
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Cristian Carrasco
- Departamento de Patología del Hospital Base de Valdivia (HBV), Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Carlos Oyarzún
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
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59
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Erices JI, Torres Á, Niechi I, Bernales I, Quezada C. Current natural therapies in the treatment against glioblastoma. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2191-2201. [PMID: 30109743 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor, which causes the highest number of deaths worldwide. It is a highly vascularized tumor, infiltrative, and its tumorigenic capacity is exacerbated. All these hallmarks are therapeutic targets in GBM treatment, including surgical removal followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Current therapies have not been sufficient for the effective patient's management, so the classic therapies have had to expand and incorporate new alternative treatments, including natural compounds. This review summarizes natural products and their physiological effects in in vitro and in vivo models of GBM, specifically by modulating signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis, cell migration/invasion, cell viability, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. The most important aspects of natural products and their derivatives were described in relation to its antitumoral effects. As a final result, it can be obtained that within the compounds with more evidence that supports or suggests its clinical use are the cannabinoids, terpenes, and curcumin, because many have been shown to have a significant effect in decreasing the progress of GBM through known mechanisms, such as chemo-sensitization or decrease migration and cell invasion. Natural compounds emerge as promising therapies to attack the progress of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Erices
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ángelo Torres
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Isabel Bernales
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
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60
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Yi F, Li L, Xu LJ, Meng H, Dong YM, Liu HB, Xiao PG. In silico approach in reveal traditional medicine plants pharmacological material basis. Chin Med 2018; 13:33. [PMID: 29946351 PMCID: PMC6006786 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies of traditional medicinal plants have gradually increased worldwide because the natural sources and variety of such plants allow them to complement modern pharmacological approaches. As computer technology has developed, in silico approaches such as virtual screening and network analysis have been widely utilized in efforts to elucidate the pharmacological basis of the functions of traditional medicinal plants. In the process of new drug discovery, the application of virtual screening and network pharmacology can enrich active compounds among the candidates and adequately indicate the mechanism of action of medicinal plants, reducing the cost and increasing the efficiency of the whole procedure. In this review, we first provide a detailed research routine for examining traditional medicinal plants by in silico techniques and elaborate on their theoretical principles. We also survey common databases, software programs and website tools that can be used for virtual screening and pharmacological network construction. Furthermore, we conclude with a simple example that illustrates the whole methodology, and we present perspectives on the development and application of this in silico methodology to reveal the pharmacological basis of the effects of traditional medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-jia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin-mao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-bo Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-gen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
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61
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Melamed JR, Morgan JT, Ioele SA, Gleghorn JP, Sims-Mourtada J, Day ES. Investigating the role of Hedgehog/GLI1 signaling in glioblastoma cell response to temozolomide. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27000-27015. [PMID: 29930746 PMCID: PMC6007474 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy substantially hinders successful glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, contributing to an almost 100% mortality rate. Resistance to the frontline chemotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ), arises from numerous signaling pathways that are deregulated in GBM, including Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Here, we investigate suppression of Hh signaling as an adjuvant to TMZ using U87-MG and T98G cell lines as in vitro models of GBM. We found that silencing GLI1 with siRNA reduces cell metabolic activity by up to 30% in combination with TMZ and reduces multidrug efflux activity by 2.5-fold. Additionally, pharmacological GLI inhibition modulates nuclear p53 levels and decreases MGMT expression in combination with TMZ. While we surprisingly found that silencing GLI1 does not induce apoptosis in the absence of TMZ co-treatment, we discovered silencing GLI1 without TMZ co-treatment induces senescence as evidenced by a significant 2.3-fold increase in senescence associated β-galactosidase staining, and this occurs in a loss of PTEN-dependent manner. Finally, we show that GLI inhibition increases apoptosis in glioma stem-like cells by up to 6.8-fold in combination with TMZ, and this reduces the size and number of neurospheres grown from glioma stem-like cells. In aggregate, our data warrant the continued investigation of Hh pathway inhibitors as adjuvants to TMZ chemotherapy and highlight the importance of identifying signaling pathways that determine whether co-treatment will be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua T Morgan
- Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Stephen A Ioele
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jason P Gleghorn
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Emily S Day
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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62
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Gonçalves IL, Rockenbach L, das Neves GM, Göethel G, Nascimento F, Porto Kagami L, Figueiró F, Oliveira de Azambuja G, de Fraga Dias A, Amaro A, de Souza LM, da Rocha Pitta I, Avila DS, Kawano DF, Garcia SC, Battastini AMO, Eifler-Lima VL. Effect of N-1 arylation of monastrol on kinesin Eg5 inhibition in glioma cell lines. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:995-1010. [PMID: 30108989 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An original and focused library of two sets of dihydropyrimidin-2-thiones (DHPMs) substituted with N-1 aryl groups derived from monastrol was designed and synthesized in order to discover a more effective Eg5 ligand than the template. Based on molecular docking studies, four ligands were selected to perform pharmacological investigations against two glioma cell lines. The results led to the discovery of two original compounds, called 20h and 20e, with an anti-proliferative effects, achieving IC50 values of about half that of the IC50 of monastrol in both cell lines. As with monastrol, flow cytometry analyses showed that the 20e and 20h compounds induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and immunocytochemistry essays revealed the formation of monopolar spindles due to Eg5 inhibition without any toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Luís Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Liliana Rockenbach
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Gustavo Machado das Neves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Gabriela Göethel
- Laboratório de Toxicologia - LATOX , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil
| | - Fabiana Nascimento
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Luciano Porto Kagami
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Departamento de Bioquímica , ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Gabriel Oliveira de Azambuja
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Amanda de Fraga Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica , ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Andressa Amaro
- Departamento de Bioquímica , ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe , Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe , Curitiba-PR , Brazil
| | - Ivan da Rocha Pitta
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife/PE , Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Avila
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCE) , Universidade Federal do Pampa-UNIPAMPA , Uruguaiana , RS , Brazil
| | - Daniel Fábio Kawano
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas-SP , Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia - LATOX , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil
| | | | - Vera Lucia Eifler-Lima
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
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Vela D. Hepcidin, an emerging and important player in brain iron homeostasis. J Transl Med 2018; 16:25. [PMID: 29415739 PMCID: PMC5803919 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is emerging as a new important factor in brain iron homeostasis. Studies suggest that there are two sources of hepcidin in the brain; one is local and the other comes from the circulation. Little is known about the molecular mediators of local hepcidin expression, but inflammation and iron-load have been shown to induce hepcidin expression in the brain. The most important source of hepcidin in the brain are glial cells. Role of hepcidin in brain functions has been observed during neuronal iron-load and brain hemorrhage, where secretion of abundant hepcidin is related with the severity of brain damage. This damage can be reversed by blocking systemic and local hepcidin secretion. Studies have yet to unveil its role in other brain conditions, but the rationale exists, since these conditions are characterized by overexpression of the factors that stimulate brain hepcidin expression, such as inflammation, hypoxia and iron-overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driton Vela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Martyr's Boulevard n.n., 10000, Prishtina, Kosova.
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64
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Role of Microenvironment in Glioma Invasion: What We Learned from In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010147. [PMID: 29300332 PMCID: PMC5796096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasion properties of glioblastoma hamper a radical surgery and are responsible for its recurrence. Understanding the invasion mechanisms is thus critical to devise new therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the creation of in vitro models that enable these mechanisms to be studied represents a crucial step. Since in vitro models represent an over-simplification of the in vivo system, in these years it has been attempted to increase the level of complexity of in vitro assays to create models that could better mimic the behaviour of the cells in vivo. These levels of complexity involved: 1. The dimension of the system, moving from two-dimensional to three-dimensional models; 2. The use of microfluidic systems; 3. The use of mixed cultures of tumour cells and cells of the tumour micro-environment in order to mimic the complex cross-talk between tumour cells and their micro-environment; 4. And the source of cells used in an attempt to move from commercial lines to patient-based models. In this review, we will summarize the evidence obtained exploring these different levels of complexity and highlighting advantages and limitations of each system used.
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65
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Chai R, Zhang K, Wang K, Li G, Huang R, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Chen J. A novel gene signature based on five glioblastoma stem-like cell relevant genes predicts the survival of primary glioblastoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:439-447. [PMID: 29299749 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary glioblastoma (pGBM) is the most common and lethal type of neoplasms in the central nervous system, while the existing biomarkers, lacking consideration on the stemness changes of GBM cells, are not specific enough to predict the complex prognosis respectively. We aimed to build a high-efficiency prediction gene signature related to GBM cell stemness and investigate its prognostic value in primary glioblastoma. METHODS Differentially expressed genes were screened in GSE23806 database. The selected genes were then verified by univariate Cox regression in 591 patients from four enormous independent databases, including the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), TCGA, REMBRANDT and GSE16011. Finally, the intersected genes were included to build the gene signature. GO analysis and GSEA were carried out to explore the bioinformatic implication. RESULTS The novel five-gene signature was used to identify high- and low-risk groups in the four databases, and the high-risk group showed notably poorer prognosis (P < 0.05). Gene ontology (GO) terms including "immune response", "apoptotic process", and "angiogenesis" were picked out by GO analysis and GSEA, which revealed that the gene signature was highly possibly related to the stemness of GSCs and predicting the prognosis of GBM effectively. CONCLUSION We built a gene signature with five glioblastoma stem-like cell (GSC) relevant genes, and predicted the survival in four independent databases effectively, which is possibly related to the stemness of GSCs in pGBM. Several GO terms were investigated to be correlated to the signature. The signature can predict the prognosis of glioblastoma efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichao Chai
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Kenan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Kuanyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China.
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66
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Hira VVV, Wormer JR, Kakar H, Breznik B, van der Swaan B, Hulsbos R, Tigchelaar W, Tonar Z, Khurshed M, Molenaar RJ, Van Noorden CJF. Periarteriolar Glioblastoma Stem Cell Niches Express Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche Proteins. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:155-173. [PMID: 29297738 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417749174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma, a fraction of malignant cells consists of therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) residing in protective niches that recapitulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in bone marrow. We have previously shown that HSC niche proteins stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), osteopontin (OPN), and cathepsin K (CatK) are expressed in hypoxic GSC niches around arterioles in five human glioblastoma samples. In HSC niches, HSCs are retained by binding of SDF-1α and OPN to their receptors CXCR4 and CD44, respectively. Protease CatK cleaves SDF-1α to release HSCs out of niches. The aim of the present study was to reproduce the immunohistochemical localization of these GSC markers in 16 human glioblastoma samples with the addition of three novel markers. Furthermore, we assessed the type of blood vessels associated with GSC niches. In total, we found seven GSC niches containing CD133-positive and nestin-positive GSCs as a single-cell layer exclusively around the tunica adventitia of 2% of the CD31-positive and SMA-positive arterioles and not around capillaries and venules. Niches expressed SDF-1α, CXCR4, CatK, OPN, CD44, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In conclusion, we show that GSC niches are present around arterioles and express bone marrow HSC niche proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashendriya V V Hira
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jill R Wormer
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hala Kakar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Britt van der Swaan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Hulsbos
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wikky Tigchelaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zbynek Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F Van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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67
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Arbab AS, Rashid MH, Angara K, Borin TF, Lin PC, Jain M, Achyut BR. Major Challenges and Potential Microenvironment-Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122732. [PMID: 29258180 PMCID: PMC5751333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered one of the most malignant, genetically heterogeneous, and therapy-resistant solid tumor. Therapeutic options are limited in GBM and involve surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Adjuvant therapies, including antiangiogenic treatments (AATs) targeting the VEGF–VEGFR pathway, have witnessed enhanced infiltration of bone marrow-derived myeloid cells, causing therapy resistance and tumor relapse in clinics and in preclinical models of GBM. This review article is focused on gathering previous clinical and preclinical reports featuring major challenges and lessons in GBM. Potential combination therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) to overcome the myeloid cell-mediated resistance problem in GBM are discussed. Future directions are focused on the use of TME-directed therapies in combination with standard therapy in clinical trials, and the exploration of novel therapies and GBM models for preclinical studies. We believe this review will guide the future of GBM research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Arbab
- Tumor Angiogenesis laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Mohammad H Rashid
- Tumor Angiogenesis laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Kartik Angara
- Tumor Angiogenesis laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Thaiz F Borin
- Tumor Angiogenesis laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Ping-Chang Lin
- Tumor Angiogenesis laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Meenu Jain
- Tumor Angiogenesis laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Bhagelu R Achyut
- Tumor Angiogenesis laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Targeting the T-Lak cell originated protein kinase by OTS964 shrinks the size of power-law coded heterogeneous glioma stem cell populations. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3043-3059. [PMID: 29423027 PMCID: PMC5790444 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma resists chemoradiotherapy, then, recurs to be a fatal space-occupying lesion. The recurrence is caused by re-growing cell populations such as glioma stem cells (GSCs), suggesting that GSC populations should be targeted. This study addressed whether a novel anti-cancer drug, OTS964, an inhibitor for T-LAK cell originated protein kinase (TOPK), is effective in reducing the size of the heterogeneous GSC populations, a power-law coded heterogeneous GSC populations consisting of glioma sphere (GS) clones, by detailing quantitative growth properties. We found that OTS964 killed GS clones while suppressing the growth of surviving GS clones, thus identifying clone-eliminating and growth-disturbing efficacies of OTS964. The efficacies led to a significant size reduction in GS populations in a dose-dependent manner. The surviving GS clones reconstructed GS populations in the following generations; the recovery of GS populations fits a recurrence after the chemotherapy. The recovering GS clones resisted the clone-eliminating effect of OTS964 in sequential exposure during the growth recovery. However, surprisingly, the resistant properties of the recovered-GS clones had been plastically canceled during self-renewal, and then the GS clones had become re-sensitive to OTS964. Thus, OTS964 targets GSCs to eliminate them or suppress their growth, resulting in shrinkage of the power-law coded GSC populations. We propose a therapy focusing on long-term control in recurrence of glioblastoma via reducing the size of the GSC populations by OTS964.
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69
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Seo S, Jeon HY, Kim H. Comparison of Cellular Transforming Activity of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 in Immortalized Astrocytes. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:1000-1009. [PMID: 28933914 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell factors-OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2-contribute to the maintenance of stem cell properties and malignant progression in various cancers, including glioblastoma. Although functional roles of each of these genes are well documented in stem cell and cancer biology, no study has directly compared their cellular transforming activity under same experimental conditions. In this study, we compared the cellular transforming activity of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 using human immortalized astrocytes cultured under serum-free stem cell culture conditions. We found that SOX2 exhibited the strongest transforming activities, such as cell proliferation, neurosphere formation, resistance to cytotoxic drug, and cell migration/invasion, which may be associated with the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway. Thus, OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, known to be frequently activated in various cancers and cancer stem cells, may play a distinct role in the regulation of cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Seo
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Jeon
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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70
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Atzori MG, Tentori L, Ruffini F, Ceci C, Lisi L, Bonanno E, Scimeca M, Eskilsson E, Daubon T, Miletic H, Ricci Vitiani L, Pallini R, Navarra P, Bjerkvig R, D'Atri S, Lacal PM, Graziani G. The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 monoclonal antibody D16F7 inhibits invasiveness of human glioblastoma and glioblastoma stem cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:106. [PMID: 28797294 PMCID: PMC5553938 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly migratory, invasive, and angiogenic brain tumor. Like vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), placental growth factor (PlGF) promotes GBM angiogenesis. VEGF-A is a ligand for both VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) and VEGFR-2, while PlGF interacts exclusively with VEGFR-1. We recently generated the novel anti-VEGFR-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) D16F7 that diminishes VEGFR-1 homodimerization/activation without affecting VEGF-A and PlGF binding. METHODS In the present study, we evaluated the expression of VEGFR-1 in human GBM tissue samples (n = 42) by immunohistochemistry, in cell lines (n = 6) and GBM stem cells (GSCs) (n = 18) by qRT-PCR and/or western blot analysis. In VEGFR-1 positive GBM or GSCs we also analyzed the ability of D16F7 to inhibit GBM invasiveness in response to VEGF-A and PlGF. RESULTS Most of GBM specimens stained positively for VEGFR-1 and all but one GBM cell lines expressed VEGFR-1. On the other hand, in GSCs the expression of the receptor was heterogeneous. D16F7 reduced migration and invasion of VEGFR-1 positive GBM cell lines and patient-derived GSCs in response to VEGF-A and PlGF. Interestingly, this effect was also observed in VEGFR-1 positive GSCs transfected to over-express wild-type EGFR (EGFRwt+) or mutant EGFR (ligand binding domain-deficient EGFRvIII+). Furthermore, D16F7 suppressed intracellular signal transduction in VEGFR-1 over-expressing GBM cells by reducing receptor auto-phosphorylation at tyrosine 1213 and downstream Erk1/2 activation induced by receptor ligands. CONCLUSION The results from this study suggest that VEGFR-1 is a relevant target for GBM therapy and that D16F7-derived humanized mAbs warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Atzori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Tentori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta, 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Lisi
- Istituto di Farmacologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italia
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eskil Eskilsson
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Daubon
- INSERM U1029, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lucia Ricci Vitiani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, "Istituto Superiore di Sanità" (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Navarra
- Istituto di Farmacologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italia.,UOC di Farmacologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italia
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta, 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta, 104, 00167, Rome, Italy.
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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71
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Liu N, Li S, Wu N, Cho KS. Acetylation and deacetylation in cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89315-89325. [PMID: 29179522 PMCID: PMC5687692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cell (CSC) model has been established to investigate the underlying mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. The imbalance between acetylation and deacetylation of histone or non-histone proteins, one of the important epigenetic modification processes, is closely associated with a wide variety of diseases including cancer. Acetylation and deacetylation are involved in various stemness-related signal pathways and drive the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation in normal developmental processes. Therefore, it is critical to explore their role in the maintenance of cancer stem-like cell traits. Here, we will review the extensive dysregulations of acetylation found in cancers and summarize their functional roles in sustaining CSC-like properties. Additionally, the use of deacetyltransferase inhibitors as an effective therapeutic strategy against CSCs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Center of biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kin-Sang Cho
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Jiang K, Wang YP, Wang XD, Hui XB, Ding LS, Liu J, Liu D. Fms related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt1) functions as an oncogene and regulates glioblastoma cell metastasis by regulating sonic hedgehog signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1164-1176. [PMID: 28560064 PMCID: PMC5446481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the abnormal expression of Fms related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt1) is associated with multiple malignancies, yet its role in glioblastoma pathology remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of Flt1 in regulating proliferation, migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells by establishing glioblastoma cell strains with constitutively silenced or elevated Flt1 expression. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of Flt1 promotes glioblastoma cells migration, invasion through cell scratching and Transwell assays. Further study has indicated that Flt1 knockdown prevents the spread of glioblastoma cells in vivo. Conversely, we also show that suppression of Flt1 expression inhibits migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells. Finally, our findings demonstrate that Flt1 promotes invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells through sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. Our study suggests that galectin-1 represents a crucial regulator of glioblastoma cells metastasis. Thus, the detection and targeted treatment of Flt1-expressing cancer serves as a new therapeutic target for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai'an 223300, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai'an 223300, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai'an 223300, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Hui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai'an 223300, China
| | - Lian-Shu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai'an 223300, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai'an 223300, China
| | - Dai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai'an 223300, China
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