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Simón-Grao S, Nieves M, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Alfosea-Simón M, Cámara-Zapata JM, Fernández-Zapata JC, García-Sánchez F. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis improves tolerance of Carrizo citrange to excess boron supply by reducing leaf B concentration and toxicity in the leaves and roots. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:322-330. [PMID: 30784795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the possibility of using mycorrhization as a novel technique for diminishing the negative effects of boron (B) in the nutrient solution on seedlings of Carrizo citrange rootstock plants. For this, an experiment was planned for studying the physiological (gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters), morphological (vegetative growth parameters), nutritional (organic solutes, carbohydrates) and oxidative stress responses of seedlings that were either mycorrhized (+AM, Rhizophagus irregularis; previously known as Glomus intraradices) or not mycorrhized (-AM), and irrigated with water containing different concentrations of B (0.5, 5 and 10 mg L-1). It was observed that an excess of B in the nutrient solution decreased the vegetative growth in both +AM and -AM plants, but this decrease was greater in -AM plants. Mycorrhized plants (+AM) under high B concentration accumulated less B in the leaves, and had a smaller reduction of net assimilation rate of CO2 and lower MDA concentration than non-mycorrhized plants. Thus, it can be concluded that mycorrhization increased the tolerance to high boron concentration in the irrigation water of citrange Carrizo seedlings by reducing both the B concentration in the plant tissue and the B toxicity in the physiological processes. The study of organic solutes and carbohydrates also pointed to a different response model between +AM and -AM plants that could be related to the different tolerance observed between these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Simón-Grao
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Manuel Nieves
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Spain
| | | | - Marina Alfosea-Simón
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco García-Sánchez
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
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Migicovsky Z, Harris ZN, Klein LL, Li M, McDermaid A, Chitwood DH, Fennell A, Kovacs LG, Kwasniewski M, Londo JP, Ma Q, Miller AJ. Rootstock effects on scion phenotypes in a 'Chambourcin' experimental vineyard. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:64. [PMID: 31069086 PMCID: PMC6491602 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how root systems modulate shoot system phenotypes is a fundamental question in plant biology and will be useful in developing resilient agricultural crops. Grafting is a common horticultural practice that joins the roots (rootstock) of one plant to the shoot (scion) of another, providing an excellent method for investigating how these two organ systems affect each other. In this study, we used the French-American hybrid grapevine 'Chambourcin' (Vitis L.) as a model to explore the rootstock-scion relationship. We examined leaf shape, ion concentrations, and gene expression in 'Chambourcin' grown ungrafted as well as grafted to three different rootstocks ('SO4', '1103P' and '3309C') across 2 years and three different irrigation treatments. We found that a significant amount of the variation in leaf shape could be explained by the interaction between rootstock and irrigation. For ion concentrations, the primary source of variation identified was the position of a leaf in a shoot, although rootstock and rootstock by irrigation interaction also explained a significant amount of variation for most ions. Lastly, we found rootstock-specific patterns of gene expression in grafted plants when compared to ungrafted vines. Thus, our work reveals the subtle and complex effect of grafting on 'Chambourcin' leaf morphology, ionomics, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - Zachary N. Harris
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010 USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918 USA
| | - Laura L. Klein
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010 USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918 USA
| | - Mao Li
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918 USA
| | - Adam McDermaid
- Department of Math & Statistics, BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Daniel H. Chitwood
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Anne Fennell
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Laszlo G. Kovacs
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901S. National Avenue, Springfield, MO 65897 USA
| | - Misha Kwasniewski
- Department of Food Science, University of Missouri, 221 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Jason P. Londo
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: Grape Genetics Research Unit, 630 West North Street, Geneva, NY 14456-1371 USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Math & Statistics, BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Allison J. Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010 USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918 USA
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Song GQ, Prieto H, Orbovic V. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Tree Fruit Crops: Methods, Progress, and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:226. [PMID: 30881368 PMCID: PMC6405644 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been a desirable tool to manipulate single or multiple genes of existing genotypes of woody fruit crops, for which conventional breeding is a difficult and lengthy process due to heterozygosity, sexual incompatibility, juvenility, or a lack of natural sources. To date, successful transformation has been reported for many fruit crops. We review the major progress in genetic transformation of these fruit crops made in the past 5 years, emphasizing reproducible transformation protocols as well as the strategies that have been tested in fruit crops. While direct transformation of scion cultivars was mostly used for fruit quality improvement, biotic and abiotic tolerance, and functional gene analysis, transgrafting on genetically modified (GM) rootstocks showed a potential to produce non-GM fruit products. More recently, genome editing technology has demonstrated a potential for gene(s) manipulation of several fruit crops. However, substantial efforts are still needed to produce plants from gene-edited cells, for which tremendous challenge remains in the context of either cell's recalcitrance to regeneration or inefficient gene-editing due to their polyploidy. We propose that effective transient transformation and efficient regeneration are the key for future utilization of genome editing technologies for improvement of fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qing Song
- Department of Horticulture, Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Humberto Prieto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, La Platina Station, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Vladimir Orbovic
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
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Rootstocks Shape the Rhizobiome: Rhizosphere and Endosphere Bacterial Communities in the Grafted Tomato System. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01765-18. [PMID: 30413478 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01765-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-associated microbes are critical to plant health and performance, although understanding of the factors that structure these microbial communities and the theory to predict microbial assemblages are still limited. Here, we use a grafted tomato system to study the effects of rootstock genotypes and grafting in endosphere and rhizosphere microbiomes that were evaluated by sequencing 16S rRNA. We compared the microbiomes of nongrafted tomato cultivar BHN589, self-grafted BHN589, and BHN589 grafted to Maxifort or RST-04-106 hybrid rootstocks. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU)-based bacterial diversity was greater in Maxifort compared to the nongrafted control, whereas bacterial diversity in the controls (self-grafted and nongrafted) and the other rootstock (RST-04-106) was similar. Grafting itself did not affect bacterial diversity; diversity in the self-graft was similar to that of the nongraft. Bacterial diversity was higher in the rhizosphere than in the endosphere for all treatments. However, despite the lower overall diversity, there was a greater number of differentially abundant OTUs (DAOTUs) in the endosphere, with the greatest number of DAOTUs associated with Maxifort. In a permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), there was evidence for an effect of rootstock genotype on bacterial communities. The endosphere-rhizosphere compartment and study site explained a high percentage of the differences among bacterial communities. Further analyses identified OTUs responsive to rootstock genotypes in both the endosphere and rhizosphere. Our findings highlight the effects of rootstocks on bacterial diversity and composition. The influence of rootstock and plant compartment on microbial communities indicates opportunities for the development of designer communities and microbiome-based breeding to improve future crop production.IMPORTANCE Understanding factors that control microbial communities is essential for designing and supporting microbiome-based agriculture. In this study, we used a grafted tomato system to study the effect of rootstock genotypes and grafting on bacterial communities colonizing the endosphere and rhizosphere. To compare the bacterial communities in control treatments (nongrafted and self-grafted plants) with the hybrid rootstocks used by farmers, we evaluated the effect of rootstocks on overall bacterial diversity and composition. These findings indicate the potential for using plant genotype to indirectly select bacterial taxa. In addition, we identify taxa responsive to each rootstock treatment, which may represent candidate taxa useful for biocontrol and in biofertilizers.
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Liu TJ, Zhou JJ, Chen FY, Gan ZM, Li YP, Zhang JZ, Hu CG. Identification of the Genetic Variation and Gene Exchange between Citrus Trifoliata and Citrus Clementina. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E182. [PMID: 30572650 PMCID: PMC6315893 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the genetic variation between Citrus trifoliata and Citrus clementina, we performed genome resequencing on the two citrus species. Compared with the citrus reference genome, a total of 9,449,204 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 846,615 insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) were identified in the two citrus species, while 1,868,115 (19.77%) of the SNPs and 190,199 (22.47%) of the InDels from the two citrus species were located in the genic regions. Meanwhile, a total of 8,091,407 specific SNPs and 692,654 specific InDels were identified in the two citrus genotypes, yielding an average of 27.32 SNPs/kb and 2.34 InDels/kb. We identified and characterized the patterns of gene exchanges in the grafted citrus plants by using specific genetic variation from genome resequencing. A total of 4396 transporting genes across graft junctions was identified. Some specific genetic variation and mobile genes was also confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, these mobile genes could move directionally or bidirectionally between the scions and the rootstocks. In addition, a total of 1581 and 2577 differentially expressed genes were found in the scions and the rootstocks after grafting compared with the control, respectively. These genetic variations provide fundamental information on the genetic basis of important traits between C. trifoliata and C. clementina, as the transport of genes would be applicable to horticulture crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fa-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhi-Meng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yong-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Gautier A, Cookson SJ, Hevin C, Vivin P, Lauvergeat V, Mollier A. Phosphorus acquisition efficiency and phosphorus remobilization mediate genotype-specific differences in shoot phosphorus content in grapevine. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1742-1751. [PMID: 29982794 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Crop productivity is limited by phosphorus (P) and this will probably increase in the future. Rootstocks offer a means to increase the sustainability and nutrient efficiency of agriculture. It is known that rootstocks alter petiole P concentrations in grapevine. The objective of this work was to determine which functional processes are involved in genotype-specific differences in scion P content by quantifying P uptake, P remobilization from the reserves in the cutting and P allocation within the plant in three grapevine genotypes. Cuttings of two American rootstocks and one European scion variety were grown in sand and irrigated with a nutrient solution containing either high P (0.6 mM) or low P (0 mM). The high P solution was labelled with 32P throughout the experiment. The grapevine genotypes studied show variation in the inhibition of shoot and root biomass in response to low P supply, and P supply also affected shoot, but not root, P concentrations. Genotype-specific differences in total P content were related to differences in P acquisition and utilization efficiencies (PAE and PUE, respectively). Phosphorus allocation within the plant was not affected by genotype or P supply. The rootstock genotype known to confer high petiole P content in the vineyard was associated with a high PAE under high P, and a high PUE under low P. This suggests that the petiole P concentrations in the vineyard are related to genotype-specific differences in PAE and PUE, and that these traits could be used for rootstock selection programmes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gautier
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sarah J Cookson
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cyril Hevin
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Philippe Vivin
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Virginie Lauvergeat
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Alain Mollier
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Shireen F, Nawaz MA, Chen C, Zhang Q, Zheng Z, Sohail H, Sun J, Cao H, Huang Y, Bie Z. Boron: Functions and Approaches to Enhance Its Availability in Plants for Sustainable Agriculture. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1856. [PMID: 29937514 PMCID: PMC6073895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential trace element required for the physiological functioning of higher plants. B deficiency is considered as a nutritional disorder that adversely affects the metabolism and growth of plants. B is involved in the structural and functional integrity of the cell wall and membranes, ion fluxes (H⁺, K⁺, PO₄3−, Rb⁺, Ca2+) across the membranes, cell division and elongation, nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, sugar transport, cytoskeletal proteins, and plasmalemma-bound enzymes, nucleic acid, indoleacetic acid, polyamines, ascorbic acid, and phenol metabolism and transport. This review critically examines the functions of B in plants, deficiency symptoms, and the mechanism of B uptake and transport under limited B conditions. B deficiency can be mitigated by inorganic fertilizer supplementation, but the deleterious impact of frequent fertilizer application disrupts soil fertility and creates environmental pollution. Considering this, we have summarized the available information regarding alternative approaches, such as root structural modification, grafting, application of biostimulators (mycorrhizal fungi (MF) and rhizobacteria), and nanotechnology, that can be effectively utilized for B acquisition, leading to resource conservation. Additionally, we have discussed several new aspects, such as the combination of grafting or MF with nanotechnology, combined inoculation of arbuscular MF and rhizobacteria, melatonin application, and the use of natural and synthetic chelators, that possibly play a role in B uptake and translocation under B stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Shireen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Department of Horticulture, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qikai Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zuhua Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hamza Sohail
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Haishun Cao
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhilong Bie
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Nawaz MA, Chen C, Shireen F, Zheng Z, Sohail H, Afzal M, Ali MA, Bie Z, Huang Y. Genome-wide expression profiling of leaves and roots of watermelon in response to low nitrogen. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:456. [PMID: 29898660 PMCID: PMC6001020 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) is a key macronutrient required for plant growth and development. In this study, watermelon plants were grown under hydroponic conditions at 0.2 mM N, 4.5 mM N, and 9 mM N for 14 days. RESULTS Dry weight and photosynthetic assimilation at low N (0.2 mM) was reduced by 29 and 74% compared with high N (9 mM). The photochemical activity (Fv/Fm) was also reduced from 0.78 at high N to 0.71 at low N. The N concentration in the leaf, stem, and root of watermelon under low N conditions was reduced by 68, 104, and 108%, respectively compared with 9 mM N treatment after 14 days of N treatment. In the leaf tissues of watermelon grown under low N conditions, 9598 genes were differentially expressed, out of which 4533 genes (47.22%) were up-regulated whereas, 5065 genes (52.78%) were down-regulated compared with high N. Similarly in the root tissues, 3956 genes were differentially expressed, out of which 1605 genes were up-regulated (40.57%) and 2351 genes were down-regulated (59.43%), compared with high N. Our results suggest that leaf tissues are more sensitive to N deficiency compared with root tissues. The gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the availability of N significantly affected 19 biological processes, 8 cell component metabolic pathways, and 3 molecular functions in the leaves; and 13 biological processes, 12 molecular functions, and 5 cell component metabolic pathways in the roots of watermelon. The low affinity nitrate transporters, high affinity nitrate transporters, ammonium transporters, genes related with nitrogen assimilation, and chlorophyll and photosynthesis were expressed differentially in response to low N. Three nitrate transporters (Cla010066, Cla009721, Cla012765) substantially responded to low nitrate supply in the root and leaf tissues. Additionally, a large number of transcription factors (1365) were involved in adaptation to low N availability. The major transcription factor families identified in this study includes MYB, AP2-EREBP, bHLH, C2H2 and NAC. CONCLUSION Candidate genes identified in this study for nitrate uptake and transport can be targeted and utilized for further studies in watermelon breeding and improvement programs to improve N uptake and utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fareeha Shireen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuhua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, and Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
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Shirani Bidabadi S, Abolghasemi R, Zheng SJ. Grafting of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus cv. Mahbubi) onto different squash rootstocks as a means to minimize cadmium toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 20:730-738. [PMID: 29723053 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1413338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To test the possibility that using appropriate rootstocks could improve the tolerance of watermelon to cadmium (Cd) toxicity, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine growth and antioxidant activities of watermelons, either nongrafted or grafted onto summer squash and winter squash. We provided nutrient solutions having four levels (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) of cadmium to treat the plants. Shoot and root biomass reduction were significantly lower in summer squash rootstock-grafted watermelon than winter squash rootstock-grafted and nongrafted watermelons. Cadmium induced a smaller decrease in leaf area index in grafted watermelons compared with nongrafted plants. The Cd- related reductions in chlorophyll content and efficiency of photosynthesis were more severe in nongrafted watermelons compared with dose grafted onto summer squash. Cd accumulation in shoot at the highest dose (200 µM) of CdCl2 was significantly lower (19.76 mg/kg) in summer squash rootstock-grafted watermelon compared with winter squash rootstock-grafted (37.58 mg/kg) and nongrafted watermelon (72.12 mg/kg). H2O2, MDA production and electrolyte leakage of summer squash rootstock-grafted watermelon showed less increase, which was associated with a significant increase in the activities of antioxidant. The improved crop performance of grafted watermelons was attributed to their strong capacity to inhibit Cd accumulation in the aerial parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Shirani Bidabadi
- a Department of Horticulture , College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Reza Abolghasemi
- a Department of Horticulture , College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Si-Jun Zheng
- b Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Yunnan , China
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Rouphael Y, Kyriacou MC, Colla G. Vegetable Grafting: A Toolbox for Securing Yield Stability under Multiple Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2255. [PMID: 29375615 PMCID: PMC5770366 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Nawaz MA, Jiao Y, Chen C, Shireen F, Zheng Z, Imtiaz M, Bie Z, Huang Y. Melatonin pretreatment improves vanadium stress tolerance of watermelon seedlings by reducing vanadium concentration in the leaves and regulating melatonin biosynthesis and antioxidant-related gene expression. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 220:115-127. [PMID: 29172132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium (V) is an important heavy metal with ubiquitous presence in the Earth's crust, but limited information is available as to its effect on plants and management strategies. Melatonin is a widely studied biomolecule; it acts as an antioxidant and a signaling molecule that enhances the abiotic stress tolerance of plants. Melatonin improves copper, zinc, and cadmium tolerance in plants. In this study, we investigated the response of watermelon seedlings to V stress and the potential role of melatonin in enhancing V stress tolerance of watermelon seedlings. The results showed that seedlings pretreated with melatonin (0.1μM) exposed to V (50mg/L) had a higher relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index), photosynthetic assimilation, and plant growth compared with non-melatonin pretreated seedlings. Melatonin pretreatment lowered leaf and stem V concentrations by reducing V transport from root to shoot. Melatonin pretreatment enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of watermelon seedlings, by regulating melatonin biosynthesis and gene expression for superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. So far as we know, these results are the first evidence that melatonin improves plant growth of watermelon seedlings under vanadium stress conditions. Considering these observations, melatonin can be utilized to reduce the availability of V to plants, and improve plant growth and V stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Department of Horticulture, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Yanyan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Fareeha Shireen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zuhua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Zhou J, Wan H, He J, Lyu D, Li H. Integration of Cadmium Accumulation, Subcellular Distribution, and Physiological Responses to Understand Cadmium Tolerance in Apple Rootstocks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:966. [PMID: 28638400 PMCID: PMC5461368 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential and highly toxic element causing agricultural problems. However, little information is available about the variation in Cd tolerance among apple rootstocks and its underlying physiological regulation mechanisms. This study investigated Cd accumulation, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms as well as physiological changes among four apple rootstocks exposed to either 0 or 300 μM CdCl2. The results showed that variations in Cd tolerance existed among these rootstocks. Cd exposure caused decline in photosynthesis, chlorophyll and biomass in four apple rootstocks, which was less pronounced in M. baccata, indicating its higher Cd tolerance. This finding was corroborated with higher Cd tolerance indexes (TIs) of the whole plant in M. baccata than those in the other three apple rootstocks. Among the four apple rootstocks, M. baccata displayed the lowest Cd concentrations in roots, wood, and leaves, the smallest total Cd amounts as well as the lowest BCF. In apple rootstocks, it was found that to immobilize Cd in cell wall and soluble fraction (most likely in vacuole) and to convert it into pectate- or protein- integrated forms and undissolved Cd phosphate forms may be the primary strategies to reduce Cd mobility and toxicity. The physiological changes including ROS, carbohydrates and antioxidants were in line with the variations of Cd tolerance among four apple rootstocks. In comparison with the other three apple rootstocks, M. baccata had lower concentrations of ROS in roots and bark, H2O2 in roots and leaves and MDA in roots, wood and bark, but higher concentrations of soluble sugars in bark and starch in roots and leaves, and enhanced antioxidants. These results indicate that M. baccata are more tolerant to Cd stress than the other three apple rootstocks under the current experiment conditions, which is probably related to Cd accumulation, subcellular partitioning and chemical forms of Cd and well-coordinated antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
| | - Huixue Wan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
| | - Jiali He
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
| | - Deguo Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesTai'an, China
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Martínez-Andújar C, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Dodd IC, Albacete A, Pérez-Alfocea F. Hormonal and Nutritional Features in Contrasting Rootstock-mediated Tomato Growth under Low-phosphorus Nutrition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:533. [PMID: 28443121 PMCID: PMC5386964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Grafting provides a tool aimed to increase low-P stress tolerance of crops, however, little is known about the mechanism (s) by which rootstocks can confer resistance to P deprivation. In this study, 4 contrasting groups of rootstocks from different genetic backgrounds (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme and introgression and recombinant inbred lines derived from the wild relatives S. pennellii and S. pimpinellifolium) were grafted to a commercial F1 hybrid scion and cultivated under control (1 mM, c) and P deficient (0.1 mM, p) conditions for 30 days, to analyze rootstocks-mediated traits that impart low (L, low shoot dry weight, SDW) or high (H, high SDW) vigor. Xylem sap ionic and hormonal anlyses leaf nutritional status suggested that some physiological traits can explain rootstocks impacts on shoot growth. Although xylem P concentration increased with root biomass under both growing conditions, shoot biomass under low-P was explained by neither changes in root growth nor P transport and assimilation. Indeed, decreased root P export only explained the sensitivity of the HcLp rootstocks, while leaf P status was similarly affected in all graft combinations. Interestingly, most of the nutrients analyzed in the xylem sap correlated with root biomass under standard fertilization but only Ca was consistently related to shoot biomass under both control and low-P, suggesting an important role for this nutrient in rootstock-mediated vigor. Moreover, foliar Ca, S, and Mn concentrations were (i) specifically correlated with shoot growth under low-P and (ii) positively and negatively associated to the root-to-shoot transport of the cytokinin trans-zeatin (t-Z) and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), respectively. Indeed, those hormones seem to play an antagonistic positive (t-Z) and negative (ACC) role in the rootstock-mediated regulation of shoot growth in response to P nutrition. The use of Hp-type rootstocks seems to enhance P use efficiency of a commercial scion variety, therefore could potentially be used for increasing yield and agronomic stability under low P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan M. Ruiz-Lozano
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)Granada, Spain
| | - Ian C. Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster UniversityLancaster, UK
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Cao H, Wang L, Nawaz MA, Niu M, Sun J, Xie J, Kong Q, Huang Y, Cheng F, Bie Z. Ectopic Expression of Pumpkin NAC Transcription Factor CmNAC1 Improves Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2052. [PMID: 29234347 PMCID: PMC5712414 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought, cold and salinity are the major environmental stresses that limit agricultural productivity. NAC transcription factors regulate the stress response in plants. Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) is an important cucurbit vegetable crop and it has strong resistance to abiotic stress; however, the biological functions of stress-related NAC genes in this crop are largely unknown. This study reports the function of CmNAC1, a stress-responsive pumpkin NAC domain protein. The CmNAC1-GFP fusion protein was transiently expressed in tobacco leaves for subcellular localization analysis, and we found that CmNAC1 is localized in the nucleus. Transactivation assay in yeast cells revealed that CmNAC1 functions as a transcription activator, and its transactivation domain is located in the C-terminus. CmNAC1 was ubiquitously expressed in different organs, and its transcript was induced by salinity, cold, dehydration, H2O2, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Furthermore, the ectopic expression (EE) of CmNAC1 in Arabidopsis led to ABA hypersensitivity and enhanced tolerance to salinity, drought and cold stress. In addition, five ABA-responsive elements were enriched in CmNAC1 promoter. The CmNAC1-EE plants exhibited different root architecture, leaf morphology, and significantly high concentration of ABA compared with WT Arabidopsis under normal conditions. Our results indicated that CmNAC1 is a critical factor in ABA signaling pathways and it can be utilized in transgenic breeding to improve the abiotic stress tolerance of crops.
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