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Abstract
The precise execution of various cellular functions relies on the maintenance of signalling specificity from input detection to cellular outputs. However, diverse signalling pathways share similar or identical intermediate components. A well-conserved intermediate, the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade, participates in a myriad of signalling pathways, regulating signal transduction from input to output. This typifies the "hourglass conundrum", where a multitude of inputs and outputs all operate through a limited number of common intermediates. Therefore, understanding how MAPK cascades regulate a variety of outputs with specificity is a fundamental question in biology. This review highlights four major insulating mechanisms that improve signalling specificity: selective activation, compartmentalization, combinatorial signalling, and cross-pathway inhibition. We focus on plant pathways that share MAPK cascade components and compare mechanisms with those of animals and yeast. We hope this conceptual overview will aid future studies to better understand plant signalling specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jade Nicolet
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Turlings TCJ, Degen T. The Role of Herbivore-induced Plant Volatiles in Trophic Interactions: The Swiss Connection. Chimia (Aarau) 2022; 76:900-905. [PMID: 38069784 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2022.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly evident that plants actively respond to the threats and challenges that they come to face while growing. This is particularly manifested in the dynamic responses to insect herbivory, especially in terms of the volatile compounds that the attacked plants emit. Indeed, many plants respond to insect-inflicted damage with the synthesis and release of volatile organic compounds. These emissions, commonly referred to as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), play important roles in the interactions between the emitting plants and their biotic environment. The odorous signal can be picked up and exploited by various organisms: neighbouring plants, herbivores and their natural enemies, such as predators and parasitoid wasps. Coincidence or not, scientists currently working in Switzerland have made numerous key contributions to the work in this field. By highlighting their work, we attempt to give a somewhat historic overview of this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted C J Turlings
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Degen
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Vojtovič D, Luhová L, Petřivalský M. Something smells bad to plant pathogens: Production of hydrogen sulfide in plants and its role in plant defence responses. J Adv Res 2021; 27:199-209. [PMID: 33318878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sulfur and diverse sulfur-containing compounds constitute important components of plant defences against a wide array of microbial pathogens. Among them, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) occupies a prominent position as a gaseous signalling molecule that plays multiple roles in regulation of plant growth, development and plant responses to stress conditions. Although the production of H2S in plant cells has been discovered several decades ago, the underlying pathways of H2S biosynthesis, metabolism and signalling were only recently uncovered. Aim of the review Here we review the current knowledge on the biosynthesis of H2S in plant cells, with special attention to L-cysteine desulfhydrase (DES) as the key enzyme controlling H2S levels biosynthesis in the cytosol of plant cells during plant growth, development and diverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Key Scientific Concepts of Review Recent advances have revealed molecular mechanisms of DES properties, functions and regulation involved in modulations of H2S production during plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress stimuli. Studies on des mutants of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana uncovered molecular mechanisms of H2S action as a signalling and defence molecule in plant-pathogen interactions. Signalling pathways of H2S include S-persulfidation of protein cysteines, a redox-based post-translational modification leading to activation of downstream components of H2S signalling. Accumulated evidence shows DES and H2S implementation into salicylic acid signalling and activation of pathogenesis-related proteins and autophagy within plant immunity. Obtained knowledge on molecular mechanisms of H2S action in plant defence responses opens new prospects in the search for crop varieties with increased resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens.
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Wu J, Cheng J, Xu C, Qi S, Sun W, Wu S. AUREA maintains the balance between chlorophyll synthesis and adventitious root formation in tomato. Hortic Res 2020; 7:166. [PMID: 33082972 PMCID: PMC7527990 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Flooding tolerance is an important trait for tomato breeding. In this study, we obtained a recessive mutant exhibiting highly enhanced submergence resistance. Phenotypical analyses showed that this resistant to flooding (rf) mutant displays slightly chlorotic leaves and spontaneous initiation of adventitious roots (ARs) on stems. The mutation was mapped to the phytochromobilin synthase gene AUREA (AU), in which a single amino acid substitution from asparagine to tyrosine occurred. In addition to the classic function of AU in phytochrome and chlorophyll biogenesis in leaves, we uncovered its novel role in mediating AR formation on stems. We further observed temporal coincidence of the two phenotypes in the rf mutant: chlorosis and spontaneous AR formation and revealed that AU functions by maintaining heme homeostasis. Interestingly, our grafting results suggest that heme might play roles in AR initiation via long-distance transport from leaves to stems. Our results present genetic evidence for the involvement of the AU-heme oxygenase-1-heme pathway in AR initiation in tomato. As fruit production and yield in the rf mutant are minimally impacted, the mutation identified in this study may provide a target for biotechnological renovation of tomato germplasm in future breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002 Fujian, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002 Fujian, China
| | - Chunmiao Xu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002 Fujian, China
| | - Shilian Qi
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002 Fujian, China
| | - Wenru Sun
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002 Fujian, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002 Fujian, China
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Deng B, Wang W, Ruan C, Deng L, Yao S, Zeng K. Involvement of CsWRKY70 in salicylic acid-induced citrus fruit resistance against Penicillium digitatum. Hortic Res 2020; 7:157. [PMID: 33082964 PMCID: PMC7527965 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum causes serious losses in postharvest citrus fruit. Exogenous salicylic acid (SA) can induce fruit resistance against various pathogens, but the mechanism remains unclear. Herein, a transcriptome-based approach was used to investigate the underlying mechanism of SA-induced citrus fruit resistance against P. digitatum. We found that CsWRKY70 and genes related to methyl salicylate (MeSA) biosynthesis (salicylate carboxymethyltransferase, SAMT) were induced by exogenous SA. Moreover, significant MeSA accumulation was detected in the SA-treated citrus fruit. The potential involvement of CsWRKY70 in regulating CsSAMT expression in citrus fruit was studied. Subcellular localization, dual luciferase, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays and an analysis of transient expression in fruit peel revealed that the nucleus-localized transcriptional activator CsWRKY70 can activate the CsSAMT promoter by recognizing the W-box element. Taken together, the findings from this study offer new insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of exogenous SA-induced disease resistance in Citrus sinensis fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Changqing Ruan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Shixiang Yao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
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Pompili V, Piazza S, Li M, Varotto C, Malnoy M. Transcriptional regulation of MdmiR285N microRNA in apple ( Malus x domestica) and the heterologous plant system Arabidopsis thaliana. Hortic Res 2020; 7:99. [PMID: 32637127 PMCID: PMC7326934 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Malus x domestica microRNA MdmiR285N is a potential key regulator of plant immunity, as it has been predicted to target 35 RNA transcripts coding for different disease resistance proteins involved in plant defense to pathogens. In this study, the promoter region of MdmiR285N was isolated from the apple genome and analyzed in silico to detect potential regulatory regions controlling its transcription. A complex network of putative regulatory elements involved in plant growth and development, and in response to different hormones and stress conditions, was identified. Activity of the β-Glucoronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the promoter of MdmiR285N was examined in transgenic apple, demonstrating that MdmiR285N was expressed during the vegetative growth phase. Similarly, in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, spatial and temporal patterns of GUS expression revealed that MdmiR285N was differentially regulated during seed germination, vegetative phase change, and reproductive development. To elucidate the role of MdmiR285N in plant immunity, MdmiR285N expression in wild-type apple plants and GUS activity in transgenic apple and Arabidopsis thaliana plants were monitored in response to Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000. A significant decrease of MdmiR285N levels and GUS expression was observed during host-pathogen infections. Overall, these data suggest that MdmiR285N is involved in the biotic stress response, plant growth, and reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Pompili
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38010 Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, Udine, 33100 Italy
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38010 Italy
| | - Mingai Li
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38010 Italy
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38010 Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38010 Italy
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Hu DG, Sun CH, Zhang QY, Gu KD, Hao YJ. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MdbHLH3 modulates leaf senescence in apple via the regulation of dehydratase-enolase-phosphatase complex 1. Hortic Res 2020; 7:50. [PMID: 32257236 PMCID: PMC7109056 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing transcription factors are known for their roles in regulating various plant growth and developmental processes. Previously, we showed that MdbHLH3 from apple (Malus domestica) has multiple functions, modulating both anthocyanin biosynthesis and cell acidification. Here, we show that MdbHLH3 also regulates ethylene biosynthesis and leaf senescence by promoting the expression of dehydratase-enolase-phosphatase complex 1 (MdDEP1). Therefore, we propose a model whereby MdbHLH3 acts as a crucial factor that modulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and cell acidification in addition to fruit ripening and leaf senescence by regulating distinct target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Kai-Di Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
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Chen Y, Hu G, Rodriguez C, Liu M, Binder BM, Chervin C. Roles of SlETR7, a newly discovered ethylene receptor, in tomato plant and fruit development. Hortic Res 2020; 7:17. [PMID: 32025320 PMCID: PMC6994538 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. It is perceived by a family of ethylene receptors (ETRs) that have been well described. However, a full understanding of ETR function is complicated by functional redundancy between the receptor isoforms. Here, we characterize a new ETR, SlETR7, that was revealed by tomato genome sequencing. SlETR7 expression in tomato fruit pericarp increases when the fruit ripens and its expression is synchronized with the expression of SlETR1, SlETR2, and SlETR5 which occurs later in the ripening phase than the increase observed for SlETR3, SlETR4, and SlETR6. We uncovered an error in the SlETR7 sequence as documented in the ITAG 3 versions of the tomato genome which has now been corrected in ITAG 4, and we showed that it belongs to sub-family II. We also showed that SlETR7 specifically binds ethylene. Overexpression (OE) of SlETR7 resulted in earlier flowering, shorter plants, and smaller fruit than wild type. Knock-out (KO) mutants of SlETR7 produced more ethylene at breaker (Br) and Br + 2 days stages compared to wild type (WT), but there were no other obvious changes in the plant and fruit in these mutant lines. We observed that expression of the other SlETRs is upregulated in fruit of SlETR7 KO mutants, which may explain the absence of obvious ripening phenotypes. Globally, these results show that SlETR7 is a functional ethylene receptor. More work is needed to better understand its specific roles related to the six other tomato ETRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, University of Toulouse, INRA, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Guojian Hu
- Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, University of Toulouse, INRA, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Celeste Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Meiying Liu
- Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, University of Toulouse, INRA, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Weifang University, Weifang, 261041 Shandong China
| | - Brad M. Binder
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Christian Chervin
- Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, University of Toulouse, INRA, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Zhang S, Zhao Q, Zeng D, Xu J, Zhou H, Wang F, Ma N, Li Y. RhMYB108, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, is involved in ethylene- and JA-induced petal senescence in rose plants. Hortic Res 2019; 6:131. [PMID: 31814984 PMCID: PMC6885062 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rose (Rosa hybrida) plants are major ornamental species worldwide, and their commercial value greatly depends on their open flowers, as both the quality of fully open petals and long vase life are important. Petal senescence can be started and accelerated by various hormone signals, and ethylene is considered an accelerator of petal senescence in rose. To date, however, the underlying mechanism of signaling crosstalk between ethylene and other hormones such as JA in petal senescence remains largely unknown. Here, we isolated RhMYB108, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, which is highly expressed in senescing petals as well as in petals treated with exogenous ethylene and JA. Applications of exogenous ethylene and JA markedly accelerated petal senescence, while the process was delayed in response to applications of 1-MCP, an ethylene action inhibitor. In addition, silencing of RhMYB108 alter the expression of SAGs such as RhNAC029, RhNAC053, RhNAC092, RhSAG12, and RhSAG113, and finally block ethylene- and JA-induced petal senescence. Furthermore, RhMYB108 was identified to target the promoters of RhNAC053, RhNAC092, and RhSAG113. Our results reveal a model in which RhMYB108 functions as a receptor of ethylene and JA signals to modulate the onset of petal senescence by targeting and enhancing senescence-associated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Qingcui Zhao
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Daxing Zeng
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Jiehua Xu
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Hougao Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Fenglan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Nan Ma
- China Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
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Migicovsky Z, Harris ZN, Klein LL, Li M, McDermaid A, Chitwood DH, Fennell A, Kovacs LG, Kwasniewski M, Londo JP, Ma Q, Miller AJ. Rootstock effects on scion phenotypes in a 'Chambourcin' experimental vineyard. Hortic Res 2019; 6:64. [PMID: 31069086 PMCID: PMC6491602 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how root systems modulate shoot system phenotypes is a fundamental question in plant biology and will be useful in developing resilient agricultural crops. Grafting is a common horticultural practice that joins the roots (rootstock) of one plant to the shoot (scion) of another, providing an excellent method for investigating how these two organ systems affect each other. In this study, we used the French-American hybrid grapevine 'Chambourcin' (Vitis L.) as a model to explore the rootstock-scion relationship. We examined leaf shape, ion concentrations, and gene expression in 'Chambourcin' grown ungrafted as well as grafted to three different rootstocks ('SO4', '1103P' and '3309C') across 2 years and three different irrigation treatments. We found that a significant amount of the variation in leaf shape could be explained by the interaction between rootstock and irrigation. For ion concentrations, the primary source of variation identified was the position of a leaf in a shoot, although rootstock and rootstock by irrigation interaction also explained a significant amount of variation for most ions. Lastly, we found rootstock-specific patterns of gene expression in grafted plants when compared to ungrafted vines. Thus, our work reveals the subtle and complex effect of grafting on 'Chambourcin' leaf morphology, ionomics, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - Zachary N. Harris
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010 USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918 USA
| | - Laura L. Klein
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010 USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918 USA
| | - Mao Li
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918 USA
| | - Adam McDermaid
- Department of Math & Statistics, BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Daniel H. Chitwood
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Anne Fennell
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Laszlo G. Kovacs
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901S. National Avenue, Springfield, MO 65897 USA
| | - Misha Kwasniewski
- Department of Food Science, University of Missouri, 221 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Jason P. Londo
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service: Grape Genetics Research Unit, 630 West North Street, Geneva, NY 14456-1371 USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Math & Statistics, BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Allison J. Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010 USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918 USA
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11
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Xu Q, Li R, Weng L, Sun Y, Li M, Xiao H. Domain-specific expression of meristematic genes is defined by the LITTLE ZIPPER protein DTM in tomato. Commun Biol 2019; 2:134. [PMID: 31044159 PMCID: PMC6478692 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoot meristems, which harbor a small population of stem cells, are responsible for generating new above-ground organs in plants. The proliferation and differentiation of these stem cells is regulated by a genetic pathway involving two key meristematic genes: CLAVATA3 (CLV3) and WUSCHEL (WUS). However, it is not well understood how CLV3 and WUS expression domains in the shoot meristems are specified and maintained during post-embryogenic development. Here, we show that a tomato mutant with fasciated stems, flowers and fruits, due to impaired stem cell activity, is defective in a LITTLE ZIPPER gene denoted as DEFECTIVE TOMATO MERISTEM (DTM). DTM forms a negative feedback loop with class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factors to confine CLV3 and WUS expression to specific domains of the shoot meristems. Our findings reveal a new layer of complexity in the regulation of plant stem cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Weng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Han Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, 200032 Shanghai, China
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12
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Tortosa M, Cartea ME, Velasco P, Soengas P, Rodriguez VM. Calcium-signaling proteins mediate the plant transcriptomic response during a well-established Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris infection. Hortic Res 2019; 6:103. [PMID: 31645958 PMCID: PMC6804691 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system is divided into two branches; one branch is based on the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP-triggered immunity), and the other relies on pathogenic effector detection (effector-triggered immunity). Despite each branch being involved in different complex mechanisms, both lead to transcription reprogramming and, thus, changes in plant metabolism. To study the defense mechanisms involved in the Brassica oleracea-Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) interaction, we analyzed the plant transcriptome dynamics at 3 and 12 days postinoculation (dpi) by using massive analysis of 3'-cDNA ends. We identified more induced than repressed transcripts at both 3 and 12 dpi, although the response was greater at 12 dpi. Changes in the expression of genes related to the early infection stages were only detected at 12 dpi, suggesting that the timing of triggered defenses is crucial to plant survival. qPCR analyses in susceptible and resistant plants allowed us to highlight the potential role of two calcium-signaling proteins, CBP60g and SARD1, in the resistance against Xcc. This role was subsequently confirmed using Arabidopsis knockout mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tortosa
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), PO Box 28 E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Maria E. Cartea
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), PO Box 28 E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), PO Box 28 E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pilar Soengas
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), PO Box 28 E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Victor M. Rodriguez
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), PO Box 28 E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain
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13
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Zhao XY, Qi CH, Jiang H, You CX, Guan QM, Ma FW, Li YY, Hao YJ. The MdWRKY31 transcription factor binds to the MdRAV1 promoter to mediate ABA sensitivity. Hortic Res 2019; 6:66. [PMID: 31231524 PMCID: PMC6544635 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a major element involved in apple (Malus domestica) production because of its role in seed germination and early seedling development. The WRKY family, which is one of the largest families of transcription factors, plays an important role in ABA signaling in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of WRKY-mediated ABA sensitivity in apple are poorly understood. A genome-wide transcriptome analysis indicated that MdWRKY31 is a key factor induced by ABA. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that MdWRKY31 is induced by ABA in response to PEG4000, which is used to simulate drought. As a transcription factor, MdWRKY31 is localized in the nucleus. Ectopic expression of MdWRKY31 in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced plant sensitivity to ABA. Overexpression of MdWRKY31 in apple roots and apple calli increased sensitivity to ABA, whereas repression of MdWRKY31 reduced sensitivity to ABA in the roots of 'Royal Gala'. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR, and yeast one-hybrid assays indicated that MdWRKY31 directly binds to the promoter of MdRAV1. Expression analyses of transgenic apple calli containing MdWRKY31 and pMdRAV1::GUS implied that MdWRKY31 represses the expression of MdRAV1. We also found that MdRAV1 binds directly to the promoters of MdABI3 and MdABI4 and repressed their expression. Our findings reveal a new important regulatory mechanism of MdWRKY31-MdRAV1-MdABIs in the ABA signaling pathway in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Chen-Hui Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Qing-Mei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Feng-Wang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
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14
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Shi Q, George J, Krystel J, Zhang S, Lapointe SL, Stelinski LL, Stover E. Hexaacetyl-chitohexaose, a chitin-derived oligosaccharide, transiently activates citrus defenses and alters the feeding behavior of Asian citrus psyllid. Hortic Res 2019; 6:76. [PMID: 31231534 PMCID: PMC6555843 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants have a perception system triggered by pathogen and pest signals to initiate defense. These signals include evolutionarily conserved molecules from microbes and insects termed pathogen/herbivore-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/HAMPs). Here we showed that hexaacetyl-chitohexaose (HC), an oligosaccharide from chitin, a structural component in insect exoskeletons and fungi cell walls, upregulated defense-associated genes WRKY22, GST1, RAR1, EDS1, PAL1 and NPR2, and downregulated ICS1 at 1 h after HC treatment in Sun Chu Sha mandarin leaves. The effect was transient as defense gene transcriptional changes were not observed at 18 h after the treatment. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings were used to study the feeding behavior of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) following the HC treatment. ACP is the hemipteran vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the pathogen associated with huanglongbing (HLB). Adult ACP displayed reduced intercellular probing, reduced xylem feeding count and duration, and increased non-probing activity on HC-treated citrus compared to controls. During an 18-h recording, percentage for total duration of xylem ingestion, phloem ingestion, intercellular probing were lower, and the percentage of non-probing behavior was higher in HC-treated leaves than in controls. In host-selection behavior studies, HC treatment did not alter the attractiveness of citrus leaves under light or dark conditions. In addition, ACP feeding on HC-treated leaves did not show differences in mortality for up to 10 day of exposure. In summary, we report that HC induced a transient defense in citrus and an inhibitory effect on ACP feeding but did not affect host selection or the insect fitness under the tested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Shi
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
| | - Justin George
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA
| | - Joseph Krystel
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
| | - Shujian Zhang
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
| | | | - Lukasz L. Stelinski
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA
| | - Ed Stover
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
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Liu M, Wu F, Wang S, Lu Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Gu A, Zhao J, Shen S. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses against soft rot in Chinese cabbage. Hortic Res 2019; 6:68. [PMID: 31231526 PMCID: PMC6544662 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum (Pcc) is a necrotrophic bacterial species that causes soft rot disease in Chinese cabbage. In this study, plants harboring the resistant mutant sr gene, which confers resistance against Pcc, were screened from an 800 M2 population mutated by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and scored in vitro and in vivo for lesion size. The transcript profiles showed ~512 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sr and WT plants occurring between 6 and 12 h postinoculation (hpi), which corresponded to the important defense regulation period (resistance) to Pcc in Chinese cabbage. The downstream defense genes (CPK, CML, RBOH MPK3, and MPK4) of pathogen pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) were strongly activated during infection at 12 hpi in resistant mutant sr; PTI appears to be central to plant defense against Pcc via recognition by three putative pattern recognition receptors (PRRs; BrLYM1-BrCERK1, BrBKK1/SERK4-PEPR1, BrWAKs). Pcc triggered the upregulation of the jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis genes in mutant sr, but auxins and other hormones may have affected some negative signals. Endogenous hormones (auxins, JAs, and SA), as well as exogenous auxins (MEJA and BTH), were also verified as functioning in the immune system. Concurrently, the expression of glucosinolate and lignin biosynthesis genes was increased at 12 hpi in resistant mutant sr, and the accumulation of glucosinolate and lignin also indicated that these genes have a functional defensive role against Pcc. Our study provides valuable information and elucidates the resistance mechanism of Chinese cabbage against Pcc infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Aixia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Shuxing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
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16
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Zhang S, Zhao Q, Zeng D, Xu J, Zhou H, Wang F, Ma N, Li Y. Erratum: Author Correction: RhMYB108, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, is involved in ethylene- and JA-induced petal senescence in rose plants. Hortic Res 2019; 6:139. [PMID: 31885871 PMCID: PMC6932989 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0221-8.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Qingcui Zhao
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Daxing Zeng
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Jiehua Xu
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Hougao Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Fenglan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Nan Ma
- China Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
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17
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Xu L, Xiang G, Sun Q, Ni Y, Jin Z, Gao S, Yao Y. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance by promoting MYB108A-mediated ethylene biosynthesis in grapevines. Hortic Res 2019; 6:114. [PMID: 31645968 PMCID: PMC6804660 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The signal molecules melatonin and ethylene play key roles in abiotic stress tolerance. The interplay between melatonin and ethylene in regulating salt tolerance and the underlying molecular mechanism of this interplay remain unclear. Here, we found that both melatonin and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC, a precursor of ethylene) enhanced the tolerance of grapevine to NaCl; additionally, ethylene participated in melatonin-induced salt tolerance. Further experiments indicated that exogenous treatment and endogenous induction of melatonin increased the ACC content and ethylene production in grapevine and tobacco plants, respectively. The expression of MYB108A and ACS1, which function as a transcription factor and a key gene involved in ethylene production, respectively, was strongly induced by melatonin treatment. Additionally, MYB108A directly bound to the promoter of ACS1 and activated its transcription. MYB108A expression promoted ACC synthesis and ethylene production by activating ACS1 expression in response to melatonin treatment. The suppression of MYB108A expression partially limited the effect of melatonin on the induction of ethylene production and reduced melatonin-induced salt tolerance. Collectively, melatonin promotes ethylene biosynthesis and salt tolerance through the regulation of ACS1 by MYB108A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Guangqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Yong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Zhongxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Shiwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018 China
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