51
|
Rodríguez-López J, López AH, Estrada-Navarrete G, Sánchez F, Díaz-Camino C. The Noncanonical Heat Shock Protein PvNod22 Is Essential for Infection Thread Progression During Rhizobial Endosymbiosis in Common Bean. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:939-948. [PMID: 30893001 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-19-0041-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the establishment of plant-rhizobial symbiosis, the plant hosts express nodulin proteins during root nodule organogenesis. A limited number of nodulins have been characterized, and these perform essential functions in root nodule development and metabolism. Most nodulins are expressed in the nodule and at lower levels in other plant tissues. Previously, we isolated Nodulin 22 (PvNod22) from a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cDNA library derived from Rhizobium-infected roots. PvNod22 is a noncanonical, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized, small heat shock protein that confers protection against oxidative stress when overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Virus-induced gene silencing of PvNod22 resulted in necrotic lesions in the aerial organs of P. vulgaris plants cultivated under optimal conditions, activation of the ER-unfolded protein response (UPR), and, finally, plant death. Here, we examined the expression of PvNod22 in common bean plants during the establishment of rhizobial endosymbiosis and its relationship with two cellular processes associated with plant immunity, the UPR and autophagy. In the RNA interference lines, numerous infection threads stopped their progression before reaching the cortex cell layer of the root, and nodules contained fewer nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. Collectively, our results suggest that PvNod22 has a nonredundant function during legume-rhizobia symbiosis associated with infection thread elongation, likely by sustaining protein homeostasis in the ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Alejandrina Hernández López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Georgina Estrada-Navarrete
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Federico Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Claudia Díaz-Camino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Bao Y, Bassham DC, Howell SH. A Functional Unfolded Protein Response Is Required for Normal Vegetative Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1834-1843. [PMID: 30710050 PMCID: PMC6446744 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated in plants in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress and plays an important role in mitigating stress damage. Multiple factors act in the UPR, including the membrane-associated transcription factor, BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER 17 (bZIP17), and the membrane-associated RNA splicing factor, INOSITOL REQUIRING ENZYME1 (IRE1). We have analyzed an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ire1a ire1b bzip17 triple mutant, with defects in stress signaling, and found that the mutant is also impaired in vegetative plant growth under conditions without externally applied stress. This raised the possibility that the UPR functions in plant development in the same manner as it does in responding to stress. bZIP17 is mobilized to the nucleus in response to stress, and through the analysis of a mobilization-defective bZIP17 mutant, we found that to support normal plant development bZIP17 must be capable of mobilization. Likewise, through the analysis of ire1 mutants defective in either protein kinase or RNase activities, we found that both must be operative to promote normal development. These findings demonstrate that the UPR, which is associated with stress responses in plants, also functions under unstressed conditions to support normal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Stephen H Howell
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Vu KV, Jeong CY, Nguyen TT, Dinh TTH, Lee H, Hong SW. Deficiency of AtGFAT1 activity impairs growth, pollen germination and tolerance to tunicamycin in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1775-1787. [PMID: 30775776 PMCID: PMC6436160 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) plays essential roles in growth and development in plants. However, insight into the biological function of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 (GFAT1), mediating the first regulatory step of the HBP, remains unclear in plants. Here, we report the molecular characterization of Arabidopsis AtGFAT1 gene. AtGFAT1 was highly expressed in mature pollen grains, but its expression was not detectable in the rest of the organs. Pollen grains bearing the gfat1-2 knockout allele displayed defects in a polar deposition of pectin and callose in the pollen cell wall, leading to no genetic transmission of the gfat1-2 allele through the male gametophyte. AtGFAT1 overexpression increased glucosamine (GlcN) content and enhanced resistance to tunicamycin (Tm) treatment, while RNAi-mediated suppression reduced GlcN content and resistance to Tm treatment. However, the decrease in Tm resistance by RNAi suppression of AtGFAT1 was recovered by a GlcN supplement. The exogenous GlcN supplement also rescued gfat1-2/gaft1-2 mutant plants, which were otherwise not viable. The gfat1-2/gfat1-2 plants stopped growing at the germination stage on GlcN-free medium, but GlcN supplement allowed wild-type growth of gfat1-2/gfat1-2 plants. In addition, reactive oxygen species production, cell death and a decrease in protein N-glycosylation were observed in gfat1-2/gaft1-2 mutant plants grown on GlcN-free medium, whereas these aberrant defects were not detectable on GlcN-sufficient medium. Taken together, these results show that the reduction of protein N-glycosylation was at least partially responsible for many aberrant phenotypes in growth and development as well as the response to Tm treatment caused by AtGFAT1 deficiency in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kien Van Vu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Thi Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Thi Huyen Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: or
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Coutinho FS, dos Santos DS, Lima LL, Vital CE, Santos LA, Pimenta MR, da Silva JC, Ramos JRLS, Mehta A, Fontes EPB, de Oliveira Ramos HJ. Mechanism of the drought tolerance of a transgenic soybean overexpressing the molecular chaperone BiP. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:457-472. [PMID: 30956428 PMCID: PMC6419710 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of major constraints that limits agricultural productivity. Some factors, including climate changes and acreage expansion, indicates towards the need for developing drought tolerant genotypes. In addition to its protective role against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, we have previously shown that the molecular chaperone binding protein (BiP) is involved in the response to osmotic stress and promotes drought tolerance. Here, we analyzed the proteomic and metabolic profiles of BiP-overexpressing transgenic soybean plants and the corresponding untransformed line under drought conditions by 2DE-MS and GC/MS. The transgenic plant showed lower levels of the abscisic acid and jasmonic acid as compared to untransformed plants both in irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. In contrast, the level of salicylic acid was higher in transgenic lines than in untransformed line, which was consistent with the antagonistic responses mediated by these phytohormones. The transgenic plants displayed a higher abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins, which gave credence to the hypothesis that these transgenic plants could survive under drought conditions due to their genetic modification and altered physiology. The proteins involved in pathways related to respiration, glycolysis and oxidative stress were not signifcantly changed in transgenic plants as compared to untransformed genotype, which indicate a lower metabolic perturbation under drought of the engineered genotype. The transgenic plants may have adopted a mechanism of drought tolerance by accumulating osmotically active solutes in the cell. As evidenced by the metabolic profiles, the accumulation of nine primary amino acids by protein degradation maintained the cellular turgor in the transgenic genotype under drought conditions. Thus, this mechanism of protection may cause the physiological activities including photosynthesis to be active under drought conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flaviane Silva Coutinho
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
- Center of Analyses of Biomolecules, NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Danilo Silva dos Santos
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Lucas Leal Lima
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
- Center of Analyses of Biomolecules, NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Camilo Elber Vital
- Center of Analyses of Biomolecules, NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Lázaro Aleixo Santos
- Center of Analyses of Biomolecules, NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Maiana Reis Pimenta
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - João Carlos da Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Juliana Rocha Lopes Soares Ramos
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Pacheco Batista Fontes
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Humberto Josué de Oliveira Ramos
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
- Center of Analyses of Biomolecules, NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
The Tug-of-War between Plants and Viruses: Great Progress and Many Remaining Questions. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030203. [PMID: 30823402 PMCID: PMC6466000 DOI: 10.3390/v11030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are persistently challenged by various phytopathogens. To protect themselves, plants have evolved multilayered surveillance against all pathogens. For intracellular parasitic viruses, plants have developed innate immunity, RNA silencing, translation repression, ubiquitination-mediated and autophagy-mediated protein degradation, and other dominant resistance gene-mediated defenses. Plant viruses have also acquired diverse strategies to suppress and even exploit host defense machinery to ensure their survival. A better understanding of the defense and counter-defense between plants and viruses will obviously benefit from the development of efficient and broad-spectrum virus resistance for sustainable agriculture. In this review, we summarize the cutting edge of knowledge concerning the defense and counter-defense between plants and viruses, and highlight the unexploited areas that are especially worth investigating in the near future.
Collapse
|
56
|
Aguilar E, del Toro FJ, Brosseau C, Moffett P, Canto T, Tenllado F. Cell death triggered by the P25 protein in Potato virus X-associated synergisms results from endoplasmic reticulum stress in Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:194-210. [PMID: 30192053 PMCID: PMC6637867 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic interaction of Potato virus X (PVX) with a number of potyviruses results in systemic necrosis in Nicotiana spp. Previous investigations have indicated that the viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) protein P25 of PVX triggers systemic necrosis in PVX-associated synergisms in a threshold-dependent manner. However, little is still known about the cellular processes that lead to this necrosis, and whether the VSR activity of P25 is involved in its elicitation. Here, we show that transient expression of P25 in the presence of VSRs from different viruses, including the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of potyviruses, induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), which ultimately lead to ER collapse. However, the host RNA silencing pathway was dispensable for the elicitation of cell death by P25. Confocal microscopy studies in leaf patches co-expressing P25 and HC-Pro showed dramatic alterations in ER membrane structures, which correlated with the up-regulation of bZIP60 and several ER-resident chaperones, including the ER luminal binding protein (BiP). Overexpression of BiP alleviated the cell death induced by the potexviral P25 protein when expressed together with VSRs derived from different viruses. Conversely, silencing of the UPR master regulator, bZIP60, led to an increase in cell death elicited by the P25/HC-Pro combination as well as by PVX-associated synergism. In addition to its role as a negative regulator of P25-induced cell death, UPR partially restricted PVX infection. Thus, systemic necrosis caused by PVX-associated synergistic infections is probably the effect of an unmitigated ER stress following the overaccumulation of a viral protein, P25, with ER remodelling activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Aguilar
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de PlantasCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSICMadrid28040Spain
| | - Francisco J. del Toro
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de PlantasCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSICMadrid28040Spain
| | - Chantal Brosseau
- Centre SÈVE, Département de BiologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCJ1K 2R1Canada
| | - Peter Moffett
- Centre SÈVE, Département de BiologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCJ1K 2R1Canada
| | - Tomás Canto
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de PlantasCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSICMadrid28040Spain
| | - Francisco Tenllado
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de PlantasCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSICMadrid28040Spain
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Bao Y, Bassham DC. Using Arabidopsis Mesophyll Protoplasts to Study Unfolded Protein Response Signaling. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e3101. [PMID: 34532547 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Various environmental stresses or artificial reagents can trigger unfolded protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to the folding capacity of the ER being exceeded. This is termed ER stress, and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). Assays for activation of the UPR in plants include Tunicamycin (Tm)- or dithiothreitol (DTT)-mediated root growth inhibition, analysis of splicing of the UPR-responsive transcription factor bZIP60 (basic Leucine Zipper Domain 60), and upregulation of relevant UPR genes. We provide here a quick and robust method to detect UPR signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. This assay can also be applied to other plant species for which protoplasts can be isolated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Qiao W, Helpio EL, Falk BW. Two Crinivirus-Conserved Small Proteins, P5 and P9, Are Indispensable for Efficient Lettuce infectious yellows virus Infectivity in Plants. Viruses 2018; 10:E459. [PMID: 30154314 PMCID: PMC6163742 DOI: 10.3390/v10090459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic analysis of Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) has revealed two short open reading frames (ORFs) on LIYV RNA2, that are predicted to encode a 5-kDa (P5) and a 9-kDa (P9) protein. The P5 ORF is part of the conserved quintuple gene block in the family Closteroviridae, while P9 orthologs are found in all Criniviruses. In this study, the expression of LIYV P5 and P9 proteins was confirmed; P5 is further characterized as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized integral transmembrane protein and P9 is a soluble protein. The knockout LIYV mutants presented reduced symptom severity and virus accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana or lettuce plants, indicating their importance in efficient virus infection. The P5 mutant was successfully complemented by a dislocated P5 in the LIYV genome. The structural regions of P5 were tested and all were found to be required for the appropriate functions of P5. In addition, P5, as well as its ortholog P6, encoded by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and another ER-localized protein encoded by LIYV RNA1, were found to cause cell death when expressed in N. benthamiana plants from a TMV vector, and induce ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Qiao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Erin L Helpio
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Bryce W Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Ozgur R, Uzilday B, Iwata Y, Koizumi N, Turkan I. Interplay between the unfolded protein response and reactive oxygen species: a dynamic duo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3333-3345. [PMID: 29415271 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Secretory proteins undergo modifications such as glycosylation and disulphide bond formation before proper folding, and move to their final destination via the endomembrane system. Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to suboptimal environmental conditions triggers a response called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which induces a set of genes that elevate protein folding capacity in the ER. This review aims to establish a connection among ER stress, UPR, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which remains an unexplored topic in plants. For this, we focused on mechanisms of ROS production originating from ER stress, the interaction between ER stress and overall ROS signalling process in the cell, and the interaction of ER stress with other organellar ROS signalling pathways such as of the mitochondria and chloroplasts. The roles of the UPR during plant hormone signalling and abiotic and biotic stress responses are also discussed in connection with redox and ROS signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rengin Ozgur
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Baris Uzilday
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yuji Iwata
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai Osaka, Japan
| | - Nozomu Koizumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai Osaka, Japan
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Srivastava R, Li Z, Russo G, Tang J, Bi R, Muppirala U, Chudalayandi S, Severin A, He M, Vaitkevicius SI, Lawrence-Dill CJ, Liu P, Stapleton AE, Bassham DC, Brandizzi F, Howell SH. Response to Persistent ER Stress in Plants: A Multiphasic Process That Transitions Cells from Prosurvival Activities to Cell Death. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:1220-1242. [PMID: 29802214 PMCID: PMC6048783 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a highly conserved response that protects plants from adverse environmental conditions. The UPR is elicited by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in which unfolded and misfolded proteins accumulate within the ER. Here, we induced the UPR in maize (Zea mays) seedlings to characterize the molecular events that occur over time during persistent ER stress. We found that a multiphasic program of gene expression was interwoven among other cellular events, including the induction of autophagy. One of the earliest phases involved the degradation by regulated IRE1-dependent RNA degradation (RIDD) of RNA transcripts derived from a family of peroxidase genes. RIDD resulted from the activation of the promiscuous ribonuclease activity of ZmIRE1 that attacks the mRNAs of secreted proteins. This was followed by an upsurge in expression of the canonical UPR genes indirectly driven by ZmIRE1 due to its splicing of Zmbzip60 mRNA to make an active transcription factor that directly upregulates many of the UPR genes. At the peak of UPR gene expression, a global wave of RNA processing led to the production of many aberrant UPR gene transcripts, likely tempering the ER stress response. During later stages of ER stress, ZmIRE1's activity declined, as did the expression of survival modulating genes, Bax inhibitor1 and Bcl-2-associated athanogene7, amid a rising tide of cell death. Thus, in response to persistent ER stress, maize seedlings embark on a course of gene expression and cellular events progressing from adaptive responses to cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu Srivastava
- Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Giulia Russo
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratories, Department of Plant Biology, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Ran Bi
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Usha Muppirala
- Genome Informatics Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | | | - Andrew Severin
- Genome Informatics Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Mingze He
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Samuel I Vaitkevicius
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratories, Department of Plant Biology, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Carolyn J Lawrence-Dill
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Ann E Stapleton
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratories, Department of Plant Biology, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Stephen H Howell
- Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Crawford T, Lehotai N, Strand Å. The role of retrograde signals during plant stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2783-2795. [PMID: 29281071 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast and mitochondria not only provide the energy to the plant cell but due to the sensitivity of organellar processes to perturbations caused by abiotic stress, they are also key cellular sensors of environmental fluctuations. Abiotic stresses result in reduced photosynthetic efficiency and thereby reduced energy supply for cellular processes. Thus, in order to acclimate to stress, plants must re-program gene expression and cellular metabolism to divert energy from growth and developmental processes to stress responses. To restore cellular energy homeostasis following exposure to stress, the activities of the organelles must be tightly co-ordinated with the transcriptional re-programming in the nucleus. Thus, communication between the organelles and the nucleus, so-called retrograde signalling, is essential to direct the energy use correctly during stress exposure. Stress-triggered retrograde signals are mediated by reactive oxygen species and metabolites including β-cyclocitral, MEcPP (2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate), PAP (3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate), and intermediates of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway. However, for the plant cell to respond optimally to environmental stress, these stress-triggered retrograde signalling pathways must be integrated with the cytosolic stress signalling network. We hypothesize that the Mediator transcriptional co-activator complex may play a key role as a regulatory hub in the nucleus, integrating the complex stress signalling networks originating in different cellular compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Crawford
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nóra Lehotai
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åsa Strand
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Baba AI, Rigó G, Ayaydin F, Rehman AU, Andrási N, Zsigmond L, Valkai I, Urbancsok J, Vass I, Pasternak T, Palme K, Szabados L, Cséplő Á. Functional Analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana CDPK-Related Kinase Family: At CRK1 Regulates Responses to Continuous Light. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051282. [PMID: 29693594 PMCID: PMC5983578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase (CDPK)-Related Kinase family (CRKs) consists of eight members in Arabidopsis. Recently, AtCRK5 was shown to play a direct role in the regulation of root gravitropic response involving polar auxin transport (PAT). However, limited information is available about the function of the other AtCRK genes. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the Arabidopsis CRK genes, including transcription regulation, intracellular localization, and biological function. AtCRK transcripts were detectable in all organs tested and a considerable variation in transcript levels was detected among them. Most AtCRK proteins localized at the plasma membrane as revealed by microscopic analysis of 35S::cCRK-GFP (Green Fluorescence Protein) expressing plants or protoplasts. Interestingly, 35S::cCRK1-GFP and 35S::cCRK7-GFP had a dual localization pattern which was associated with plasma membrane and endomembrane structures, as well. Analysis of T-DNA insertion mutants revealed that AtCRK genes are important for root growth and control of gravitropic responses in roots and hypocotyls. While Atcrk mutants were indistinguishable from wild type plants in short days, Atcrk1-1 mutant had serious growth defects under continuous illumination. Semi-dwarf phenotype of Atcrk1-1 was accompanied with chlorophyll depletion, disturbed photosynthesis, accumulation of singlet oxygen, and enhanced cell death in photosynthetic tissues. AtCRK1 is therefore important to maintain cellular homeostasis during continuous illumination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Imran Baba
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Rigó
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Norbert Andrási
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Laura Zsigmond
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Valkai
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - János Urbancsok
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Imre Vass
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Taras Pasternak
- Faculty of Biologie II, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Palme
- Faculty of Biologie II, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - László Szabados
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Cséplő
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Nawkar GM, Lee ES, Shelake RM, Park JH, Ryu SW, Kang CH, Lee SY. Activation of the Transducers of Unfolded Protein Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:214. [PMID: 29515614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00214/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ensures the balance between loading of nascent proteins and their secretion. Certain developmental conditions or environmental stressors affect protein folding causing ER stress. The resultant ER stress is mitigated by upregulating a set of stress-responsive genes in the nucleus modulating the mechanism of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In plants, the UPR is mediated by two major pathways; by the proteolytic processing of bZIP17/28 and by the IRE1-mediated splicing of bZIP60 mRNA. Recent studies have shown the involvement of plant-specific NAC transcription factors in UPR regulation. The molecular mechanisms activating plant-UPR transducers are only recently being unveiled. This review focuses on important structural features involved in the activation of the UPR transducers like bZIP17/28/60, IRE1, BAG7, and NAC017/062/089/103. Also, we discuss the activation of the UPR pathways, including BAG7-bZIP28 and IRE1-bZIP60, in detail, together with the NAC-TFs, which adds a new paradigm to the plant UPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh M Nawkar
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Eun Seon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Rahul M Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seoung Woo Ryu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kang
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Nawkar GM, Lee ES, Shelake RM, Park JH, Ryu SW, Kang CH, Lee SY. Activation of the Transducers of Unfolded Protein Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:214. [PMID: 29515614 PMCID: PMC5826264 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ensures the balance between loading of nascent proteins and their secretion. Certain developmental conditions or environmental stressors affect protein folding causing ER stress. The resultant ER stress is mitigated by upregulating a set of stress-responsive genes in the nucleus modulating the mechanism of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In plants, the UPR is mediated by two major pathways; by the proteolytic processing of bZIP17/28 and by the IRE1-mediated splicing of bZIP60 mRNA. Recent studies have shown the involvement of plant-specific NAC transcription factors in UPR regulation. The molecular mechanisms activating plant-UPR transducers are only recently being unveiled. This review focuses on important structural features involved in the activation of the UPR transducers like bZIP17/28/60, IRE1, BAG7, and NAC017/062/089/103. Also, we discuss the activation of the UPR pathways, including BAG7-bZIP28 and IRE1-bZIP60, in detail, together with the NAC-TFs, which adds a new paradigm to the plant UPR.
Collapse
|
65
|
Chen C, Li Q, Wang Q, Lu D, Zhang H, Wang J, Fu R. Transcriptional profiling provides new insights into the role of nitric oxide in enhancing Ganoderma oregonense resistance to heat stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15694. [PMID: 29146915 PMCID: PMC5691203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma is well known for its use in traditional Chinese medicine and is widely cultivated in China, Korea, and Japan. Increased temperatures associated with global warming are negatively influencing the growth and development of Ganoderma. Nitric oxide is reported to play an important role in alleviating fungal heat stress (HS). However, the transcriptional profiling of Ganoderma oregonense in response to HS, as well as the transcriptional response regulated by NO to cope with HS has not been reported. We used RNA-Seq technology to generate large-scale transcriptome data from G. oregonense mycelia subjected to HS (32 °C) and exposed to concentrations of exogenous NO. The results showed that heat shock proteins (HSPs), "probable stress-induced proteins", and unigenes involved in "D-amino-acid oxidase activity" and "oxidoreductase activity" were significantly up-regulated in G. oregonense subjected to HS (P < 0.05). The significantly up-regulated HSPs, "monooxygenases", "alcohol dehydrogenase", and "FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain-containing proteins" (P < 0.05) regulated by exogenous NO may play important roles in the enhanced HS tolerance of G. oregonense. These results provide insights into the transcriptional response of G. oregonense to HS and the mechanism by which NO enhances the HS tolerance of fungi at the gene expression level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Institute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610061, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qiangfeng Wang
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610061, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Daihua Lu
- Institute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, P.R. China. .,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 20 # Jingjusi Rd, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, P.R. China
| | - Rongtao Fu
- Institute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|