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Mitochondrial Calcium-Triggered Oxidative Stress and Developmental Defects in Dopaminergic Neurons Differentiated from Deciduous Teeth-Derived Dental Pulp Stem Cells with MFF Insufficiency. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071361. [PMID: 35883852 PMCID: PMC9311869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) is an adapter that targets dynamin-related protein 1 from the cytosol to the mitochondria for fission. Loss-of-function MFF mutations cause encephalopathy due to defective mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission 2 (EMPF2). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that were involved, we analyzed the functional effects of MFF depletion in deciduous teeth-derived dental pulp stem cells differentiating into dopaminergic neurons (DNs). When treated with MFF-targeting small interfering RNA, DNs showed impaired neurite outgrowth and reduced mitochondrial signals in neurites harboring elongated mitochondria. MFF silencing also caused mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation through accelerated Ca2+ influx from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload led DNs to produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), and downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC-1α). MFF was co-immunoprecipitated with voltage-dependent anion channel 1, an essential component of the ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ transport system. Folic acid supplementation normalized ROS levels, PGC-1α mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, and neurite outgrowth in MFF depleted DNs, without affecting their mitochondrial morphology or Ca2+ levels. We propose that MFF negatively regulates the mitochondrial Ca2+ influx from the ER. MFF-insufficiency recapitulated the EMPF2 neuropathology with increased oxidative stress and suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis. ROS and mitochondrial biogenesis might be potential therapeutic targets for EMPF2.
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Ritiu SA, Rogobete AF, Sandesc D, Bedreag OH, Papurica M, Popovici SE, Toma D, Ivascu RI, Velovan R, Garofil DN, Corneci D, Bratu LM, Pahontu EM, Pistol A. The Impact of General Anesthesia on Redox Stability and Epigenetic Inflammation Pathways: Crosstalk on Perioperative Antioxidant Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121880. [PMID: 35741011 PMCID: PMC9221536 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the prevalence of surgery under general anesthesia has significantly increased, both because of modern anesthetic and pain-control techniques and because of better diagnosis and the increased complexity of surgical techniques. Apart from developing new concepts in the surgical field, researchers and clinicians are now working on minimizing the impact of surgical trauma and offering minimal invasive procedures due to the recent discoveries in the field of cellular and molecular mechanisms that have revealed a systemic inflammatory and pro-oxidative impact not only in the perioperative period but also in the long term, contributing to more difficult recovery, increased morbidity and mortality, and a negative financial impact. Detailed molecular and cellular analysis has shown an overproduction of inflammatory and pro-oxidative species, responsible for augmenting the systemic inflammatory status and making postoperative recovery more difficult. Moreover, there are a series of changes in certain epigenetic structures, the most important being the microRNAs. This review describes the most important molecular and cellular mechanisms that impact the surgical patient undergoing general anesthesia, and it presents a series of antioxidant therapies that can reduce systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelian Adrian Ritiu
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timișoara, Romania; (S.A.R.); (D.S.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (S.E.P.); (D.T.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Florin Rogobete
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timișoara, Romania; (S.A.R.); (D.S.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (S.E.P.); (D.T.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center (CCATITM), “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.F.R.); (D.N.G.); Tel.: +40-075-985-2479 (A.F.R.)
| | - Dorel Sandesc
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timișoara, Romania; (S.A.R.); (D.S.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (S.E.P.); (D.T.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center (CCATITM), “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Horea Bedreag
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timișoara, Romania; (S.A.R.); (D.S.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (S.E.P.); (D.T.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center (CCATITM), “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Marius Papurica
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timișoara, Romania; (S.A.R.); (D.S.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (S.E.P.); (D.T.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Research Center (CCATITM), “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Sonia Elena Popovici
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timișoara, Romania; (S.A.R.); (D.S.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (S.E.P.); (D.T.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Daiana Toma
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timișoara, Romania; (S.A.R.); (D.S.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (S.E.P.); (D.T.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Robert Iulian Ivascu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.I.); (D.C.); (A.P.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Central Military Emergency Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Velovan
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timișoara, Romania; (S.A.R.); (D.S.); (O.H.B.); (M.P.); (S.E.P.); (D.T.); (R.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Dragos Nicolae Garofil
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.I.); (D.C.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.R.); (D.N.G.); Tel.: +40-075-985-2479 (A.F.R.)
| | - Dan Corneci
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.I.); (D.C.); (A.P.)
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Central Military Emergency Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lavinia Melania Bratu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Elena Mihaela Pahontu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adriana Pistol
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.I.); (D.C.); (A.P.)
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de Oliveira Figueiredo EC, Calì C, Petrelli F, Bezzi P. Emerging evidence for astrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia. Glia 2022; 70:1585-1604. [PMID: 35634946 PMCID: PMC9544982 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex, chronic mental health disorder whose heterogeneous genetic and neurobiological background influences early brain development, and whose precise etiology is still poorly understood. Schizophrenia is not characterized by gross brain pathology, but involves subtle pathological changes in neuronal populations and glial cells. Among the latter, astrocytes critically contribute to the regulation of early neurodevelopmental processes, and any dysfunctions in their morphological and functional maturation may lead to aberrant neurodevelopmental processes involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, synaptogenesis, and glutamatergic and dopaminergic transmission. Studies of the mechanisms regulating astrocyte maturation may therefore improve our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corrado Calì
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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SOD1 in ALS: Taking Stock in Pathogenic Mechanisms and the Role of Glial and Muscle Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040614. [PMID: 35453299 PMCID: PMC9032988 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. While the exact causes of ALS are still unclear, the discovery that familial cases of ALS are related to mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a key antioxidant enzyme protecting cells from the deleterious effects of superoxide radicals, suggested that alterations in SOD1 functionality and/or aberrant SOD1 aggregation strongly contribute to ALS pathogenesis. A new scenario was opened in which, thanks to the generation of SOD1 related models, different mechanisms crucial for ALS progression were identified. These include excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and non-cell autonomous toxicity, also implicating altered Ca2+ metabolism. While most of the literature considers motor neurons as primary target of SOD1-mediated effects, here we mainly discuss the effects of SOD1 mutations in non-neuronal cells, such as glial and skeletal muscle cells, in ALS. Attention is given to the altered redox balance and Ca2+ homeostasis, two processes that are strictly related with each other. We also provide original data obtained in primary myocytes derived from hSOD1(G93A) transgenic mice, showing perturbed expression of Ca2+ transporters that may be responsible for altered mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes. ALS-related SOD1 mutants are also responsible for early alterations of fundamental biological processes in skeletal myocytes that may impinge on skeletal muscle functions and the cross-talk between muscle cells and motor neurons during disease progression.
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Aquino P, Siqueira ED, Paes L, Magalhães E, Barbosa T, Carvalho MD, Azul FS, Lustosa IR, Mottin M, Sampaio T, Martins A, Silveira E, Viana G. N-Methyl-(2S, 4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, the major bioactive compound from Sideroxylon obtusifolium, attenuates pilocarpine-induced injury in cultured astrocytes. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12381. [DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Mottin
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brasil
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