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Vaidya B, Gupta P, Biswas S, Laha JK, Roy I, Sharma SS. Effect of Clemizole on Alpha-Synuclein-Preformed Fibrils-Induced Parkinson's Disease Pathology: A Pharmacological Investigation. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:19. [PMID: 38703217 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress. However, to date, therapeutics targeting these pathological events have not managed to translate from bench to bedside for clinical use. One of the major reasons for the lack of translational success has been the use of classical model systems that do not replicate the disease pathology and progression with the same degree of robustness. Therefore, we employed a more physiologically relevant model involving alpha-synuclein-preformed fibrils (PFF) exposure to SH-SY5Y cells and Sprague Dawley rats. We further explored the possible involvement of transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) channels in PD-like pathology induced by these alpha-synuclein-preformed fibrils with emphasis on amelioration of oxidative stress and mitochondrial health. We observed that alpha-synuclein PFF exposure produced neurobehavioural deficits that were positively ameliorated after treatment with the TRPC5 inhibitor clemizole. Furthermore, Clemizole also reduced p-alpha-synuclein and diminished oxidative stress levels which resulted in overall improvements in mitochondrial biogenesis and functions. Finally, the results of the pharmacological modulation were further validated using siRNA-mediated knockdown of TRPC5 channels, which also decreased p-alpha-synuclein expression. Together, the results of this study could be superimposed in the future for exploring the beneficial effects of TRPC5 channel modulation for other neurodegenerative disorders and synucleopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Vaidya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Soumojit Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Thakore P, Clark JE, Aubdool AA, Thapa D, Starr A, Fraser PA, Farrell-Dillon K, Fernandes ES, McFadzean I, Brain SD. Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 5 ( TRPC5): Regulation of Heart Rate and Protection against Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:442. [PMID: 38672459 PMCID: PMC11047837 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
TRPC5 is a non-selective cation channel that is expressed in cardiomyocytes, but there is a lack of knowledge of its (patho)physiological role in vivo. Here, we examine the role of TRPC5 on cardiac function under basal conditions and during cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiovascular parameters were assessed in wild-type (WT) and global TRPC5 knockout (KO) mice. Despite no difference in blood pressure or activity, heart rate was significantly reduced in TRPC5 KO mice. Echocardiography imaging revealed an increase in stroke volume, but cardiac contractility was unaffected. The reduced heart rate persisted in isolated TRPC5 KO hearts, suggesting changes in basal cardiac pacing. Heart rate was further investigated by evaluating the reflex change following drug-induced pressure changes. The reflex bradycardic response following phenylephrine was greater in TRPC5 KO mice but the tachycardic response to SNP was unchanged, indicating an enhancement in the parasympathetic control of the heart rate. Moreover, the reduction in heart rate to carbachol was greater in isolated TRPC5 KO hearts. To evaluate the role of TRPC5 in cardiac pathology, mice were subjected to abdominal aortic banding (AAB). An exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy response to AAB was observed in TRPC5 KO mice, with an increased expression of hypertrophy markers, fibrosis, reactive oxygen species, and angiogenesis. This study provides novel evidence for a direct effect of TRPC5 on cardiac function. We propose that (1) TRPC5 is required for maintaining heart rate by regulating basal cardiac pacing and in response to pressure lowering, and (2) TRPC5 protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratish Thakore
- BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK (J.E.C.); (A.A.A.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (P.A.F.); (K.F.-D.)
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - James E. Clark
- BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK (J.E.C.); (A.A.A.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (P.A.F.); (K.F.-D.)
| | - Aisah A. Aubdool
- BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK (J.E.C.); (A.A.A.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (P.A.F.); (K.F.-D.)
| | - Dibesh Thapa
- BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK (J.E.C.); (A.A.A.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (P.A.F.); (K.F.-D.)
| | - Anna Starr
- BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK (J.E.C.); (A.A.A.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (P.A.F.); (K.F.-D.)
| | - Paul A. Fraser
- BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK (J.E.C.); (A.A.A.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (P.A.F.); (K.F.-D.)
| | - Keith Farrell-Dillon
- BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK (J.E.C.); (A.A.A.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (P.A.F.); (K.F.-D.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil;
| | - Ian McFadzean
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
- School of Bioscience Education, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Susan D. Brain
- BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK (J.E.C.); (A.A.A.); (D.T.); (A.S.); (P.A.F.); (K.F.-D.)
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Huang B, Zhang Y, Sun P, Yuan Y, Wang C. MiR-138-5p Inhibits Thyroid Cancer Cell Growth and Stemness by Targeting TRPC5/Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:544-553. [PMID: 37278959 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play a key role in the pathogenesis of many types of cancer, including thyroid cancer (TC). MiR-138-5p has been confirmed to be abnormally expressed in TC tissues. However, the role of miR-138-5p in TC progression and its potential molecular mechanism need to be further explored. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine miR-138-5p and TRPC5 expression, and western blot analysis was performed to examine the protein levels of TRPC5, stemness-related markers, and Wnt pathway-related markers. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to assess the interaction between miR-138-5p and TRPC5. Cell proliferation, stemness, and apoptosis were examined using colony formation assay, sphere formation assay, and flow cytometry. Our data showed that miR-138-5p could target TRPC5 and its expression was negatively correlated with TRPC5 expression in TC tumor tissues. MiR-138-5p decreased proliferation, stemness, and promoted gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in TC cells, and this effect could be reversed by TRPC5 overexpression. Moreover, TRPC5 overexpression abolished the inhibitory effect of miR-138-5p on the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, our data showed that miR-138-5p suppressed TC cell growth and stemness via the regulation of TRPC5/Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which provided some guidance for studying the potential function of miR-138-5p in TC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Street, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - YiChao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Street, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Street, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - YuanYuan Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Street, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - CunChuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Street, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Kang H, Kim J, Park CH, Jeong B, So I. Direct modulation of TRPC ion channels by Gα proteins. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1362987. [PMID: 38384797 PMCID: PMC10880550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1362987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
GPCR-Gi protein pathways are involved in the regulation of vagus muscarinic pathway under physiological conditions and are closely associated with the regulation of internal visceral organs. The muscarinic receptor-operated cationic channel is important in GPCR-Gi protein signal transduction as it decreases heart rate and increases GI rhythm frequency. In the SA node of the heart, acetylcholine binds to the M2 receptor and the released Gβγ activates GIRK (I(K,ACh)) channel, inducing a negative chronotropic action. In gastric smooth muscle, there are two muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes, M2 and M3. M2 receptor activates the muscarinic receptor-operated nonselective cationic current (mIcat, NSCC(ACh)) and induces positive chronotropic effect. Meanwhile, M3 receptor induces hydrolysis of PIP2 and releases DAG and IP3. This IP3 increases intracellular Ca2+ and then leads to contraction of GI smooth muscles. The activation of mIcat is inhibited by anti-Gi/o protein antibodies in GI smooth muscle, indicating the involvement of Gαi/o protein in the activation of mIcat. TRPC4 channel is a molecular candidate for mIcat and can be directly activated by constitutively active Gαi QL proteins. TRPC4 and TRPC5 belong to the same subfamily and both are activated by Gi/o proteins. Initial studies suggested that the binding sites for G protein exist at the rib helix or the CIRB domain of TRPC4/5 channels. However, recent cryo-EM structure showed that IYY58-60 amino acids at ARD of TRPC5 binds with Gi3 protein. Considering the expression of TRPC4/5 in the brain, the direct G protein activation on TRPC4/5 is important in terms of neurophysiology. TRPC4/5 channels are also suggested as a coincidence detector for Gi and Gq pathway as Gq pathway increases intracellular Ca2+ and the increased Ca2+ facilitates the activation of TRPC4/5 channels. More complicated situation would occur when GIRK, KCNQ2/3 (IM) and TRPC4/5 channels are co-activated by stimulation of muscarinic receptors at the acetylcholine-releasing nerve terminals. This review highlights the effects of GPCR-Gi protein pathway, including dopamine, μ-opioid, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, on various oragns, and it emphasizes the importance of considering TRPC4/5 channels as crucial players in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christine Haewon Park
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Byeongseok Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang J, Cheng Y, Nie Y, Tian B, Huang J, Gong R, Li Z, Zhu J, Gong Y. TRPC5 expression promotes the proliferation and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma through the HIF-1α/Twist pathway. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101809. [PMID: 37918167 PMCID: PMC10638037 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of TRPC5 on PTC (papillary thyroid carcinoma) proliferation and invasion. METHODS Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to evaluate the expression of TRPC5 in paraffin sections and clinical tissues. Overexpression and silencing of TRPC5 to generate the cells for in vitro experiments. Wound-healing assay, transwell invasion assay, MTT assay, and in vivo tumorigenicity assay were used to determine cell proliferation and cell migration in vitro and in vivo. Real-time PCR was used to test the expression of TRPC5. Western blot was used to test the expression of downstream factors: E-cadherin, Vimentin, MMP-9, MMP-2, TRPC5, ZEB, Snail, and Twist. RESULTS The level of TRPC5 protein expression was higher in PTC than in adjacent normal thyroid tissue. TPC-1 cells overexpressing TRPC5 were more proliferative, had longer migration distances, and increased the number of invading cells. TPC-1 cells silenced with TRPC5 had a weaker proliferation capacity, shorter migration distances, and a reduced number of invading cells. Overexpression and silencing of TRPC5 modulated E-cadherin, Vimentin, MMP-9, MMP-2, TRPC5, and Twist, but did not affect ZEB and Snail. The results of tumor formation experiments in nude mice showed that inhibition of TRPC5 expression suppressed the volume and weight of transplanted tumors. CONCLUSION TRPC5 induced papillary thyroid cancer metastasis and progression via up-regulated HIF-1α signaling in vivo and in vitro. High TRPC5 expression is a biomarker for lymph node metastasis at its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Electric Power Hospital, China
| | - Yan Nie
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | - Bole Tian
- Department of pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rixiang Gong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Shen M, Li L, Li Y, Gu X, Bai L, Xia C, Xiong W, Zuo Z. Discovery of potential novel TRPC5 inhibitors by virtual screening and bioassay. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 94:117477. [PMID: 37738708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential canonical channel 5 (TRPC5), a member of the TRPC family, plays a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological activities and diseases, including those related to the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, kidney, and cancer. As a nonselective cation channel, TRPC5 mainly controls the influx of extracellular Ca2+ into cells, thereby modulating cellular depolarization and intracellular ion concentration. Inhibition of TRPC5 by small molecules presents a promising approach for the treatment of TRPC5-associated diseases. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive virtual screening of more than 1.5 million molecules from the Chemdiv database (https://www.chemdiv.com) to identify potential inhibitors of hTRPC5, utilizing the published structures and binding sites of hTRPC5 as a basis. Lipinski's rule, Veber's rule, PAINS filters, pharmacophore analysis, molecular docking, ADMET evaluation and cluster analysis methods were applied for the screening. From this rigorous screening process, 18 candidates exhibiting higher affinities to hTRPC5 were subsequently evaluated for their inhibitory effects on Ca2+ influx using a fluorescence-based assay. Notably, two molecules, namely SML-1 and SML-13, demonstrated significant inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ levels in hTRPC5-overexpressing HEK 293T cells, with IC50 values of 10.2 μM and 10.3 μM, respectively. These findings highlight SML-1 and SML-13 as potential lead molecules for the development of therapeutics targeting hTRPC5 and its associated physiological activities and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longhui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Wenyong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Zhili Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Singh A, Mishra A, Meena A, Mishra N, Luqman S. Exploration of selected monoterpenes as potential TRPC channel family modulator in lung cancer, an in-silico upshot. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37526232 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2241900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is still the most frequent cause of cancer-related death, accounting for nearly two million cases yearly. As cancer is a multifactorial disease, developing novel molecular therapeutics that can simultaneously target multiple associated cellular processes has become necessary. Ion channels are diverse regulators of cancer-related processes such as abnormal proliferation, invasion, migration, tumor progression, inhibition of apoptosis, and chemoresistance. Among the various families of ion channels, the transient receptor potential canonical channel family steps out in the context of lung cancer, as several members have been postulated as prognostic markers for lung cancer. Phytochemicals have been found to have health benefits in the treatment of a variety of diseases and disorders. Among phytochemicals, monoterpenes are effective in treating both the early and late stages of cancer. The molecular docking interaction analysis was conducted to evaluate the binding potential of selected monoterpenes with TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, and TRPC6 involved in different phases of carcinogenesis. Amongst the selected monoterpenes, thymoquinone exhibited the highest binding energy of -6.7 kcal/mol against the TRPC4 channel, and all amino acid binding residues were similar to those of the known inhibitor for TRPC4. In addition, molecular-dynamic simulation results parameters, such as RMSD, RMSF, and Rg, indicated that thymoquinone did not impact the protein compactness and exhibited stability during the interaction. The average interaction energy between thymoquinone and TRPC4 protein was -26.85 kJ/mol. In-silico Drug-likeness and ADMET profiling indicated that thymoquinone is a druggable candidate with minimal toxicity. We propose further investigation and evaluation of thymoquinone for lead optimization and drug development.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika Mishra
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Vaidya B, Gupta P, Laha JK, Roy I, Sharma SS. Amelioration of Parkinson's disease by pharmacological inhibition and knockdown of redox sensitive TRPC5 channels: Focus on mitochondrial health. Life Sci 2023:121871. [PMID: 37352915 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) channels are redox-sensitive cation-permeable channels involved in temperature and mechanical sensation. Increased expression and over-activation of these channels has been implicated in several central nervous system disorders such as epilepsy, depression, traumatic brain injury, anxiety, Huntington's disease and stroke. TRPC5 channel activation causes increased calcium influx which in turn activates numerous downstream signalling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Therefore, we hypothesized that pharmacological blockade and knockdown of TRPC5 channels could attenuate the behavioural deficits and molecular changes seen in CNS disease models such as MPTP/MPP+ induced Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, PD was induced after bilateral intranigral infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to the Sprague Dawley rats. Additionally, SH-SY5Y neurons were exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to further determine the role of TRPC5 channels in PD. KEY FINDINGS We used clemizole hydrochloride, a potent TRPC5 channel blocker, to reverse the behavioural deficits, molecular changes and biochemical parameters in MPTP/MPP+-induced-PD. Furthermore, knockdown of TRPC5 expression using siRNA also closely phenocopies these effects. We further observed restoration of tyrosine hydroxylase levels and improved mitochondrial health following clemizole treatment and TRPC5 knockdown. These changes were accompanied by diminished calcium influx, reduced levels of reactive oxygen species and decreased apoptotic signalling in the PD models. SIGNIFICANCE These findings collectively suggest that increased expression of TRPC5 channels is a potential risk factor for PD and opens a new therapeutic window for the development of pharmacological agents targeting neurodegeneration and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Vaidya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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9
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Englisch CN, Steinhäuser J, Wemmert S, Jung M, Gawlitza J, Wenzel G, Schick B, Tschernig T. Immunohistochemistry Reveals TRPC Channels in the Human Hearing Organ-A Novel CT-Guided Approach to the Cochlea. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119290. [PMID: 37298241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPC channels are critical players in cochlear hair cells and sensory neurons, as demonstrated in animal experiments. However, evidence for TRPC expression in the human cochlea is still lacking. This reflects the logistic and practical difficulties in obtaining human cochleae. The purpose of this study was to detect TRPC6, TRPC5 and TRPC3 in the human cochlea. Temporal bone pairs were excised from ten body donors, and the inner ear was first assessed based on computed tomography scans. Decalcification was then performed using 20% EDTA solutions. Immunohistochemistry with knockout-tested antibodies followed. The organ of Corti, the stria vascularis, the spiral lamina, spiral ganglion neurons and cochlear nerves were specifically stained. This unique report of TRPC channels in the human cochlea supports the hypothesis of the potentially critical role of TRPC channels in human cochlear health and disease which has been suggested in previous rodent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colya N Englisch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Jakob Steinhäuser
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Silke Wemmert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Joshua Gawlitza
- Institute of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Gentiana Wenzel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schick
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Jiang ZJ, Gong LW. The SphK1/S1P Axis Regulates Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis via TRPC5 Channels. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3807-3824. [PMID: 37185099 PMCID: PMC10217994 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1494-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid concentrated in the brain, is essential for normal brain functions, such as learning and memory and feeding behaviors. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the primary kinase responsible for S1P production in the brain, is abundant within presynaptic terminals, indicating a potential role of the SphK1/S1P axis in presynaptic physiology. Altered S1P levels have been highlighted in many neurologic diseases with endocytic malfunctions. However, it remains unknown whether the SphK1/S1P axis may regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis in neurons. The present study evaluates potential functions of the SphK1/S1P axis in synaptic vesicle endocytosis by determining effects of a dominant negative catalytically inactive SphK1. Our data for the first time identify a critical role of the SphK1/S1P axis in endocytosis in both neuroendocrine chromaffin cells and neurons from mice of both sexes. Furthermore, our Ca2+ imaging data indicate that the SphK1/S1P axis may be important for presynaptic Ca2+ increases during prolonged stimulations by regulating the Ca2+ permeable TRPC5 channels, which per se regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Collectively, our data point out a critical role of the regulation of TRPC5 by the SphK1/S1P axis in synaptic vesicle endocytosis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the primary kinase responsible for brain sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production, is abundant within presynaptic terminals. Altered SphK1/S1P metabolisms has been highlighted in many neurologic disorders with defective synaptic vesicle endocytosis. However, whether the SphK1/S1P axis may regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis is unknown. Here, we identify that the SphK1/S1P axis regulates the kinetics of synaptic vesicle endocytosis in neurons, in addition to controlling fission-pore duration during single vesicle endocytosis in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. The regulation of the SphK1/S1P axis in synaptic vesicle endocytosis is specific since it has a distinguished signaling pathway, which involves regulation of Ca2+ influx via TRPC5 channels. This discovery may provide novel mechanistic implications for the SphK1/S1P axis in brain functions under physiological and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jiao Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Liang-Wei Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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11
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Zhang W, Wang M, Lv W, White FA, Chen X, Obukhov AG. Long-Term Treatment with Gadopentetic Acid or Gadodiamide Increases TRPC5 Expression and Decreases Adriamycin Nuclear Accumulation in Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091304. [PMID: 37174704 PMCID: PMC10177392 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gadopentetic acid and gadodiamide are paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) that are routinely used for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor disease progression in cancer patients. However, growing evidence indicates that repeated administration of GBCAs may lead to gadolinium (III) cation accumulation in the cortical bone tissue, skin, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, potentially leading to a subsequent slow long-term discharge of Gd3+. Gd3+ is a known activator of the TRPC5 channel that is implicated in breast cancer's resistance to chemotherapy. Herein, we found that gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA, 1 mM) potentiated the inward and outward currents through TRPC5 channels, which were exogenously expressed in HEK293 cells. Gd-DTPA (1 mM) also activated the Gd3+-sensitive R593A mutant of TRPC5, which exhibits a reduced sensitivity to GPCR-Gq/11-PLC dependent gating. Conversely, Gd-DTPA had no effect on TRPC5-E543Q, a Gd3+ insensitive TRPC5 mutant. Long-term treatment (28 days) of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and SK-BR-3) and adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/ADM) with Gd-DTPA (1 mM) or gadodiamide (GDD, 1 mM) did not affect the IC50 values of ADM. However, treatment with Gd-DTPA or GDD significantly increased TRPC5 expression and decreased the accumulation of ADM in the nuclei of MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells, promoting the survival of these two breast cancer cells in the presence of ADM. The antagonist of TRPC5, AC1903 (1 μM), increased ADM nuclear accumulation induced by Gd-DTPA-treatment. These data indicate that prolonged GBCA treatment may lead to increased breast cancer cell survival owing to the upregulation of TRPC5 expression and the increased ADM resistance. We propose that while focusing on providing medical care of the best personalized quality in the clinic, excessive administration of GBCAs should be avoided in patients with metastatic breast cancer to reduce the risk of promoting breast cancer cell drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiheng Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Weizhen Lv
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Fletcher A White
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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12
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Kumaş-Kulualp M, Gepdiremen A, Karataş E, Eşrefoğlu M. Clemizole hydrochloride, a potent TRPC5 calcium channel inhibitor, prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Spraque-Dawley rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023:e23372. [PMID: 37102204 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin, Cis) is widely employed to treat several types of cancer. It has many important toxic side effects; one of the most important of which is nephrotoxicity. Clemizole hydrochloride (Clem) as the most potent inhibitor of TRPC5 channels was tested in an animal model of Cis-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats were divided into the following groups: control; Cis (8 mg/kg); Cis + 1 mg/kg Clem; Cis + 5 mg/kg Clem; Cis + 10 mg/kg Clem. Kidney injury was detected by histopathological and biochemical analysis. Urine urea nitrogen (UUN), creatinine, urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), serum catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were studied using a colorimetric assay. Nephrin, synaptopodin, and Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1) expressions were detected by Western blot analysis. Cis was found to induce histopathological alterations, including tubular degeneration, congestion, hemorrhage, hyaline casts, glomerular collapse, and apoptotic cell death. Clem at a dose of 1 and 5 mg/kg attenuated histopathological alterations. UUN, creatinine, and NGAL levels increased in the Cis-administered group, while all doses of Clem decreased in those. CAT and TAS levels decreased, while TOS and oxidative stress index levels increased in the Cis-treated group. A dose of 1 and 5 mg Clem showed antioxidant effects against oxidative stress. Cis induced lipid peroxidation by increasing MDA levels. All doses of Clem reduced MDA levels. Nephrin and synaptopodin expressions were decreased by Cis, and all doses of Clem increased that. All doses of Clem successfully depressed RAC1 expression. Clem showed a highly ameliorating effect on toxicity caused by Cis by blocking TRPC5 calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kumaş-Kulualp
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Akçahan Gepdiremen
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ersin Karataş
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Patnos Vocational School, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Eşrefoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Adhya P, Sharma SS. Transient receptor potential canonical 5 ( TRPC5) channels activator, BTD [N-{3-(adamantan-2-yloxy)-propyl}-3-(6-methyl-1,1-dioxo-2H-1λ6,2,4-benzothiadiazin-3-yl)-propanamide)] ameliorates diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy in rats. Curr Neurovasc Res 2023:CNR-EPUB-130678. [PMID: 37013433 DOI: 10.2174/1567202620666230403134627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is a serious diabetic complication with no approved pharmacological agents for its treatment. Parasympathetic system dysfunction characterized by vagal nerve damage is one of the major drivers of DCAN. The TRPC5 or transient receptor potential canonical 5 channel is a promising target in autonomic dysfunction; however, its role in vagal nerve damage and subsequent DCAN has not yet been elucidated. The present study investigated the role of the TRPC5 channel in DCAN using [N-{3-(adamantan-2-yloxy)-propyl}-3-(6-methyl-1,1-dioxo-2H-1λ6,2,4-benzothiadiazin-3-yl) propanamide)] or BTD, which is a potent TRPC5 activator. OBJECTIVE The role of the TRPC5 channel and its activator, BTD, was investigated in the treatment of parasympathetic dysfunction associated with DCAN. METHODS Type 1 diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats using streptozotocin. The alterations in cardiac autonomic parameters in diabetic animals were assessed by heart rate variability, hemodynamic parameters, and baroreflex sensitivity. TRPC5's role in DCAN was investigated by treating diseased rats with BTD (1 and 3 mg/kg, i.p. for 14 days). BTD's beneficial effects in parasympathetic dysfunction were assessed by western blotting, estimating oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in the vagus nerve. RESULTS BTD treatment (3 mg/kg, i.p.) once daily for 14 days ameliorated heart rate variability, hemodynamic dysfunction, and baroreflex sensitivity diseased rats. BTD treatment down regulated TRPC5 expression by increasing the activity of protein kinase C in the vagus nerve. It also down-regulated the apoptotic marker CASPASE-3 and also exerted potent anti-inflammatory action on pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in the vagus. CONCLUSION BTD ameliorated parasympathetic dysfunction associated with DCAN by virtue of its TRPC5 modulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Adhya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) - 160062, Punjab (INDIA)
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) - 160062, Punjab (INDIA)
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14
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Polat OK, Isaeva E, Sudhini YR, Knott B, Zhu K, Noben M, Kumar VS, Endlich N, Mangos S, Reddy TV, Samelko B, Wei C, Altintas MM, Dryer SE, Sever S, Staruschenko A, Reiser J. The small GTPase regulatory protein Rac1 drives podocyte injury independent of cationic channel protein TRPC5. Kidney Int 2023; 103:1056-1062. [PMID: 36750145 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical channels (TRPCs) are non-selective cationic channels that play a role in signal transduction, especially in G -protein-mediated signaling cascades. TRPC5 is expressed predominantly in the brain but also in the kidney. However, its role in kidney physiology and pathophysiology is controversial. Some studies have suggested that TRPC5 drives podocyte injury and proteinuria, particularly after small GTPase Rac1 activation to induce the trafficking of TRPC5 to the plasma membrane. Other studies using TRPC5 gain-of-function transgenic mice have questioned the pathogenic role of TRPC5 in podocytes. Here, we show that TRPC5 over-expression or inhibition does not ameliorate proteinuria induced by the expression of constitutively active Rac1 in podocytes. Additionally, single-cell patch-clamp studies did not detect functional TRPC5 channels in primary cultures of podocytes. Thus, we conclude that TRPC5 plays a role redundant to that of TRPC6 in podocytes and is unlikely to be a useful therapeutic target for podocytopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur K Polat
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Elena Isaeva
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yashwanth R Sudhini
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenna Knott
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Manuel Noben
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Varsha Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Center of High-End Imaging, NIPOKA GmbH, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Steve Mangos
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Beata Samelko
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Changli Wei
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mehmet M Altintas
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanja Sever
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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15
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Li C, Chen S, Jiang Y. [Overexpression of miR-607 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth and metastasis by down-regulating TRPC5]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2022; 42:1587-93. [PMID: 36504050 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.11.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical implications of abnormal expression of miR-607 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its influence on HCC cell proliferation and migration. METHODS The expression of miR-607 in 45 pairs of HCC and adjacent tissues were detected with real-time PCR, and the correlation between miR-607 expression and clinicopathological features of the patients was analyzed. The effects of transfection with miR-607 mimics on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of two HCC cell lines (Huh-7 and HCCLM3) were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound-healing assay and Transwell assay. A dual-luciferase reporter system was used to detect the direct binding between miR-607 and 3'-UTR of TRPC5 mRNA. Western blotting was used to measure the expressions of TRPC5, CCND1, MMP2 and phosphorylated Akt in the HCC cells. RESULTS The expression of miR-607 was significantly decreased in HCC tissues (P=0.029) and HCC cell lines (P < 0.05). In HCC patients, a low expression of miR-607 was associated with a larger tumor size (>5 cm, P=0.031), vascular invasion (P=0.027) and advanced TNM stages (Ⅲ + Ⅳ, P=0.015). In the two HCC cell line, overexpression of miR-607 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and enhanced cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). The results of dualluciferase reporter assay confirmed that TRPC5 was a direct target of miR- 607 in HCC cells. Overexpression of miR-607 significantly inhibited the expressions of TRPC5, CCND1, and MMP2 and suppressed Akt phosphorylation in HCC cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A low expression of miR-607 in HCC is associated with poor clinicopathological phenotypes of HCC. Overexpression of miR-607 inhibits HCC growth and metastasis possibly by down- regulating TRPC5, which causes Akt signaling inactivation.
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Vaidya B, Roy I, Sharma SS. Neuroprotective Potential of HC070, a Potent TRPC5 Channel Inhibitor in Parkinson's Disease Models: A Behavioral and Mechanistic Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2728-2742. [PMID: 36094343 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) channels are predominantly expressed in the striatum and substantia nigra of the brain. These channels are permeable to calcium ions and are activated by oxidative stress. The physiological involvement of TRPC5 channels in temperature and mechanical sensation is well documented; however, evidence for their involvement in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD) is sparse. Thus, in the present study, the role of TRPC5 channels and their associated downstream signaling was elucidated in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPTP/MPP+) model of PD. Bilateral intranigral administration of MPTP and 24 h MPP+ exposure were performed to induce PD in the Sprague-Dawley rats and SH-SY5Y cells, respectively. MPTP led to behavioral anomalies and TRPC5 overexpression accompanied by increased calcium influx, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was significantly lower in the midbrain and substantia nigra compared to sham animals. Intraperitoneal administration of potent and selective TRPC5 inhibitor, HC070 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) reversed the cognitive and motor deficits seen in MPTP-lesioned rats. It also restored the TH and TRPC5 expression both in the striatum and midbrain. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies suggested improvements in mitochondrial health along with reduced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium-mediated excitotoxicity. Together, these results showed that inhibition of TRPC5 channels plays a crucial part in the reversal of pathology in the MPTP/MPP+ model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Vaidya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
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Chu Y, Wang S, Zhu Y, Yu F, Zhang K, Ma X. TRPC5 mediates endothelium-dependent contraction in the carotid artery of diet-induced obese mice. Hypertens Res 2022. [PMID: 36123395 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the contribution of the transient receptor potential canonical channel isoform 5 (TRPC5), a Ca2+-sensitive channel, to vasoconstriction in obesity. In this study, we found that the TRPC5 expression and carotid artery contraction of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were significantly higher than those of wild-type mice. Endothelium-dependent vasocontraction was inhibited by the TRPC5 inhibitor clemizole and the knockout of TRPC5 in DIO mouse carotid arteries, while activation of TRPC5 enhanced contraction in wild-type mice. TRPC5-regulated vasocontraction can be inhibited by the ROS scavenger NAC and the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398. Our study suggested that upregulation of TRPC5 contributes to endothelium-dependent contraction, which is involved in ROS production and COX-2 expression in DIO mouse carotid arteries. From these results, we speculated that TRPC5 mediated endothelium-dependent contraction in the carotid artery of DIO mice, which was achieved by increasing the levels of ROS and COX-2 expression.
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18
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Amores-Bonet L, Kleene R, Theis T, Schachner M. Interactions between the Polysialylated Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule and the Transient Receptor Potential Canonical Channels 1, 4, and 5 Induce Entry of Ca 2+ into Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10027. [PMID: 36077460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) plays important functional roles in the developing and mature nervous systems. Here, we show that the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) ion channels TRPC1, -4, and -5 not only interact with the intracellular domains of the transmembrane isoforms NCAM140 and NCAM180, but also with the glycan polysialic acid (PSA) covalently attached to the NCAM protein backbone. NCAM antibody treatment leads to the opening of TRPC1, -4, and -5 hetero- or homomers at the plasma membrane and to the influx of Ca2+ into cultured cortical neurons and CHO cells expressing NCAM, PSA, and TRPC1 and -4 or TRPC1 and -5. NCAM-stimulated Ca2+ entry was blocked by the TRPC inhibitor Pico145 or the bacterial PSA homolog colominic acid. NCAM-stimulated Ca2+ influx was detectable neither in NCAM-deficient cortical neurons nor in TRPC1/4- or TRPC1/5-expressing CHO cells that express NCAM, but not PSA. NCAM-induced neurite outgrowth was reduced by TRPC inhibitors and a function-blocking TRPC1 antibody. A characteristic signaling feature was that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation was also reduced by TRPC inhibitors. Our findings indicate that the interaction of NCAM with TRPC1, -4, and -5 contributes to the NCAM-stimulated and PSA-dependent Ca2+ entry into neurons thereby influencing essential neural functions.
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Chen L, Zhang Z, Tian H, Jiang S, Ji Y, Liu M, Shen J, Cao Z, Wang K. Synthesis of AC1903 analogs as potent transient receptor potential canonical channel 4/5 inhibitors and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 68:116853. [PMID: 35653869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are a class of non-selective cation channels expressed in a variety of tissues and organ systems where they functionally regulate physiological and pathological processes. TRPC5 has been shown to be a promising target for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis treatment. In this study, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of benzimidazole-based TRPC5 inhibitors. One compound, 8b, is 100-fold more potent than the parent compound, AC1903, in the suppression of TRPC5 channel activity. Interestingly, both AC1903 and 8b also suppressed TRPC4 channel activity with similar potency. Compound 8b also significantly blunts protamine sulfate-induced reorganization of podocyte cytoskeleton, interleukin (IL)-17-induced cell proliferation, and the expression of proinflammatory mediators in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Hongtao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yunyun Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Mengru Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zimova L, Ptakova A, Mitro M, Krusek J, Vlachova V. Activity dependent inhibition of TRPC1/4/5 channels by duloxetine involves voltage sensor-like domain. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113262. [PMID: 35691156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) is a polymodal, calcium-permeable, nonselective ion channel that is expressed in the brain and 75 % of human sensory neurons. Its pharmacological or genetic inhibition leads to the relief of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. The clinically approved drug duloxetine is superior to other serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors at managing painful neuropathies, but it is not known why. Here we ask whether the TRPC5 receptor is modulated by duloxetine and may contribute to its analgesic effect. Electrophysiological measurements of heterologously expressed human TRPC5 in HEK293T cells were performed to evaluate the effect of duloxetine. The interaction site was identified by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations in combination with point mutagenesis. We found that duloxetine inhibits TRPC5 in a concentration-dependent manner with a high potency (IC50 = 0.54 ± 0.03 µM). Our data suggest that duloxetine binds into a voltage sensor-like domain. For the interaction, Glu418 exhibited particular importance due to putative hydrogen bond formation. Duloxetine effectively inhibits TRPC5 currents induced by cooling, voltage, direct agonists and by the stimulation of the PLC pathway. The finding that this TRPC5 inhibitor is widely used and well tolerated provides a scaffold for new pain treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Zimova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandra Ptakova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Mitro
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Krusek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Viktorie Vlachova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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21
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Kim EY, Dryer SE. TRPC6 Inactivation Reduces Albuminuria Induced by Protein Overload in Sprague Dawley Rats. Cells 2022; 11:1985. [PMID: 35805070 PMCID: PMC9265922 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channels have been implicated in familial and acquired forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and in renal fibrosis following ureteral obstruction in mice. TRPC6 channels also appear to play a role in driving glomerular disease in aging and in autoimmune glomerulonephritis. In the present study, we examine the role of TRPC6 in the proteinuric state caused by prolonged albumin overload (AO) in Sprague Dawley rats induced by daily injections of exogenous albumin. This was assessed in rats with a global and constitutive inactivation of TRPC6 channels (Trpc6del/del rats) and in wild-type littermates (Trpc6wt/wt rats). AO for 14 and 28 days caused increased urine albumin excretion that was significantly attenuated in Trpc6del/del rats compared to Trpc6wt/wt controls. AO overload did not induce significant glomerulosclerosis or azotemia in either genotype. AO induced mild tubulointerstitial disease characterized by fibrosis, hypercellularity and increased expression of markers of fibrosis and inflammation. Those changes were equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. Immunoblot analysis of renal cortex indicated that AO increased the abundances of TRPC3 and TRPC6, and caused a nearly complete loss of TRPC5 in Trpc6wt/wt rats. The increase in TRPC3 and the loss of TRPC5 occurred to the same extent in Trpc6del/del rats. These data also suggest that TRPC6 plays a role in the normal function of the glomerular filtration barrier. However, whether TRPC6 inactivation protects the tubulointerstitial compartments in Sprague Dawley rats depends on the disease model examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Stuart E. Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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22
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Sharma S, Pablo JL, Tolentino KT, Gallegos W, Hinman J, Beninato M, Asche M, Greka A, Hopkins CR. Further exploration of the benzimidazole scaffold as TRPC5 inhibitors: identification of 1-alkyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles as potent and selective inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200151. [PMID: 35557491 PMCID: PMC9308755 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential cation channel 5 (TRPC5) plays an important role in numerous cellular processes. Due to this, it has gained considerable attention over the past few years as a potential therapeutic target. Recently, TRPC5 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of podocyte survival, indicating a potential treatment option for chronic kidney disease. In addition, a recent study has shown TRPC5 to be expressed in human sensory neurons and suggests that TRPC5 inhibition could be an effective treatment for spontaneous and tactile pain. To understand these processes more fully, potent and selective tool compounds are needed. Herein we report further exploration of the 2‐aminobenzimidazole scaffold as a potent TRPC5 inhibitor, culminating in the discovery of 16 f as a potent and selective TRPC5 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagat Sharma
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Kirsten T Tolentino
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNITED STATES
| | - Wacey Gallegos
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNITED STATES
| | - Jennifer Hinman
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNITED STATES
| | - Madison Beninato
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNITED STATES
| | - MacKenzie Asche
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNITED STATES
| | - Anna Greka
- Broad Institute Harvard: Broad Institute, Pharmacology, UNITED STATES
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3015, 68198-6125, Omaha, UNITED STATES
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23
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Zhang Z, Chen L, Tian H, Liu M, Jiang S, Shen J, Wang K, Cao Z. Discovery of pyridazinone analogs as potent transient receptor potential canonical channel 5 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 61:128612. [PMID: 35143983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A deepening understanding of the relationship between transient receptor potential canonical channel 5 (TRPC5) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), has led to the emergence of several types of TRPC5 inhibitors displaying clear therapeutic effect. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of pyrroledione TRPC5 inhibitors, culminating in the discovery of compound 16g with subtype selectivity. Compared with GFB-8438, a potent TRPC5 inhibitor (Goldfinch Bio), compound 16g showed improved inhibition of TRPC5 and enhanced protective effect against protamine sulfates (PS)-induced podocyte injury in vitro. In addition, compound 16g did not induce cell death in primary cultured hepatocytes and immortalized podocytes in a preliminary toxicity assessment, indicating its utility as a potent and safe inhibitor for studying the function of TRPC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongtao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengru Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
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24
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Huo S, Ren J, Ma Y, Ozathaley A, Yuan W, Ni H, Li D, Liu Z. Upregulation of TRPC5 in hippocampal excitatory synapses improves memory impairment associated with neuroinflammation in microglia knockout IL-10 mice. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:275. [PMID: 34836549 PMCID: PMC8620645 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) protein family are widely distributed in the hippocampus of mammals and exert respective and cooperative influences on the functions of neurons. The relationship between specific TRPC subtypes and neuroinflammation is receiving increasing attention. METHODS Using Cx3cr1CreERIL-10-/- transgenic mice and their littermates to study the relationship between TRPC channels and memory impairment. RESULTS We demonstrated that Cx3cr1CreERIL-10-/- mice displayed spatial memory deficits in object location recognition (OLR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. The decreased levels of TRPC4 and TRPC5 in the hippocampal regions were verified via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence tests. The expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin in the hippocampus decreased with an imbalance in the local inflammatory environment in the hippocampus. The number of cells positive for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), increased with the high expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Cx3cr1CreERIL-10-/- mice. The nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was also involved in this process, and the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 activated by NLRP3 were also elevated by western blotting. The co-localization of TRPC5 and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) significantly decreased TRPC5 expression in excitatory neurons. AAV9-CaMKIIα-TRPC5 was used to upregulate TRPC5 in excitatory neurons in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the upregulation of TRPC5 improved the memory performance of Cx3cr1CreERIL-10-/- mice related to inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiji Huo
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiling Ren
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunqing Ma
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ahsawle Ozathaley
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjian Yuan
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong Li
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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25
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Ahmed SR, Liu E, Yip A, Lin Y, Balaban E, Pompeiano M. Novel localizations of TRPC5 channels suggest novel and unexplored roles: A study in the chick embryo brain. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 82:41-63. [PMID: 34705331 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian TRPC5 channels are predominantly expressed in the brain, where they increase intracellular Ca2+ and induce depolarization. Because they augment presynaptic vesicle release, cause persistent neural activity, and show constitutive activity, TRPC5s could play a functional role in late developmental brain events. We used immunohistochemistry to examine TRPC5 in the chick embryo brain between 8 and 20 days of incubation, and provide the first detailed description of their distribution in birds and in the whole brain of any animal species. Stained areas substantially increased between E8 and E16, and staining intensity in many areas peaked at E16, a time when chick brains first show organized patterns of whole-brain metabolic activation like what is seen consistently after hatching. Areas showing cell soma staining match areas showing Trpc5 mRNA or protein in adult rodents (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellar Purkinje cells). Chick embryos show protein staining in the optic tectum, cerebellar nuclei, and several brainstem nuclei; equivalent areas in the Allen Institute mouse maps express Trpc5 mRNA. The strongest cell soma staining was found in a dorsal hypothalamic area (matching a group of parvicellular arginine vasotocin neurons and a pallial amygdalohypothalamic cell corridor) and the vagal motor complex. Purkinje cells showed strong dendritic staining at E20. Unexpectedly, we also describe neurite staining in the septum, several hypothalamic nuclei, and a paramedian raphe area; the strongest neurite staining was in the median eminence. These novel localizations suggest new unexplored TRPC5 functions, and possible roles in late embryonic brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifuddin Rifat Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Elise Liu
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute du Cerveau - ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Alissa Yip
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yuqi Lin
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Evan Balaban
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Carlo III University of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, Leganés, Madrid, E-28911, Spain
| | - Maria Pompeiano
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Carlo III University of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, Leganés, Madrid, E-28911, Spain
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26
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Walsh L, Reilly JF, Cornwall C, Gaich GA, Gipson DS, Heerspink HJL, Johnson L, Trachtman H, Tuttle KR, Farag YMK, Padmanabhan K, Pan-Zhou XR, Woodworth JR, Czerwiec FS. Safety and Efficacy of GFB-887, a TRPC5 Channel Inhibitor, in Patients With Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Treatment-Resistant Minimal Change Disease, or Diabetic Nephropathy: TRACTION-2 Trial Design. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:2575-2584. [PMID: 34622097 PMCID: PMC8484122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A critical unmet need exists for precision therapies for chronic kidney disease. GFB-887 is a podocyte-targeting, small molecule inhibitor of transient receptor potential canonical-5 (TRPC5) designed specifically to treat patients with glomerular kidney diseases characterized by an overactivation of the TRPC5-Rac1 pathway. In a first-in-human study, GFB-887 was found to be safe and well tolerated, had a pharmacokinetic (PK) profile allowing once-daily dosing, and dose dependently decreased urinary Rac1 in healthy adults. Methods TRACTION-2 is a phase 2a, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending dose study of GFB-887 in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), treatment-resistant minimal change disease (TR-MCD), or diabetic nephropathy (DN) (NCT04387448). Adult patients on stable renin-angiotensin system blockade and/or immunosuppression with persistent proteinuria will be randomized and dosed in 3 ascending dose levels to GFB-887 or placebo for 12 weeks. Cohorts may be expanded or biomarker-enriched depending upon results of an adaptive interim analysis. Results The primary objective is to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of GFB-887 on proteinuria. Safety and tolerability, quality of life, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles, and the potential association of urinary Rac1 with efficacy will also be evaluated. The projected sample size has 80% power to detect a treatment difference in proteinuria of 54% (FSGS/TR-MCD) or 44% (DN) compared to placebo. Conclusion TRACTION-2 will explore whether targeted blockade of the TRPC5-Rac1 pathway with GFB-887 is an efficacious and safe treatment strategy for patients with FSGS, TR-MCD, and DN and the potential value of urinary Rac1 as a predictive biomarker of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Walsh
- Goldfinch Bio, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katherine R Tuttle
- Providence Health Care, Spokane, WA.,University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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27
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Zou Y, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Wang J, Xu Q, Zhao X, Miao Z. TRPC5 mediates TMZ resistance in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cells via NFATc3-P-gp pathway. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101214. [PMID: 34500231 PMCID: PMC8427319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) acts as a pump to transport cytotoxic drugs out of cells and is upregulated in cancer cells. Suppressing the expression of P-gp is an effective strategy to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the recommended drug for the standard treatment of patients with glioblastoma, but its clinical application is restricted due to drug resistance. Transient receptor potential channel-5 (TRPC5), a Ca2+-permeable channel, has been attributed to a different drug resistance mechanism except DNA repair system; therefore, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism regarding the role of TRPC5 in TMZ resistance. TRPC5 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) are upregulated in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cell lines. The downregulation of TRPC5 inhibited P-gp expression and led to a significant reversal of TMZ resistance in TMZ-resistant cell lines. TRPC5-siRNA restricted the growth of tumour xenografts in an athymic nude mouse model of TMZ-resistant cells. In specimens from patients with recurrent glioblastoma, TRPC5 was found to be highly expressed, accompanied by the upregulation of P-gp expression. The nuclear factor of activated T cell isoform c3 (NFATc3), which acts as a transcriptional factor, bridges TRPC5 activity to P-gp induction. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the functional role of the TRPC5-NFATc3-P-gp signalling pathway in TMZ resistance in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zi'xiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi'nan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qin'yi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xu'dong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Zeng'li Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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28
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Cai D, Li N, Jin L, Qi X, Hua D, Wang T. High CTC- TRPC5 Expression Significantly Associated With Poor Prognosis in Radical Resected Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:727864. [PMID: 34422911 PMCID: PMC8371238 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.727864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence is the main reason of treatment failure of redical resected colorectal cancer (CRC). Although some factors including staging and differentiation have been proven to useful for recurrence evaluation, prognosis of certain patients does not conform to this evaluation approach. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been found to have prognostic value in CRC, and previous studies on CTC have primarily focused on their numbers. CTC are functionally heterogeneous cell populations, and different CTC subgroups may have different functions and clinical values. In our previous study, we discovered that elevated expression of the transient receptor potential channel TRPC5 was associated with a significantly poor prognosis in CRC. In this study, we collected peripheral blood from CTC-positive CRC patients, identified the TRPC5 protein expression on CTC (CTC-TRPC5), and analyzed the relationship between CTC-TRPC5 expression levels and the prognosis. The results showed that CTC-TRPC5 level is significantly related to the T stage and differentiation of tumors. High level of CTC-TRPC5 is more common in a high T stage as well as poorly differentiated tumors and is significantly associated with shorter disease free survival (DFS). The median DFS of CRC patients with high and low CTC-TRPC5 level was 17.1 and 22.0 months, respectively (p < 0.05). This study revealed a clinically significant CTC subgroup of CRC, providing a new indicator for clinical evaluation of CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Cai
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Linfang Jin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dong Hua
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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29
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de Sousa Valente J, Alawi KM, Bharde S, Zarban AA, Kodji X, Thapa D, Argunhan F, Barrett B, Nagy I, Brain SD. (-)-Englerin-A Has Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects Independent of TRPC4 and 5. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6380. [PMID: 34203675 PMCID: PMC8232259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we found that the deletion of TRPC5 leads to increased inflammation and pain-related behaviour in two animal models of arthritis. (-)-Englerin A (EA), an extract from the East African plant Phyllanthus engleri has been identified as a TRPC4/5 agonist. Here, we studied whether or not EA has any anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties via TRPC4/5 in the carrageenan model of inflammation. We found that EA treatment in CD1 mice inhibited thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, EA significantly reduced the volume of carrageenan-induced paw oedema and the mass of the treated paws. Additionally, in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons cultured from WT 129S1/SvIm mice, EA induced a dose-dependent cobalt uptake that was surprisingly preserved in cultured DRG neurons from 129S1/SvIm TRPC5 KO mice. Likewise, EA-induced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were preserved in the carrageenan model in animals lacking TRPC5 expression or in mice treated with TRPC4/5 antagonist ML204.This study demonstrates that while EA activates a sub-population of DRG neurons, it induces a novel TRPC4/5-independent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. Future studies are needed to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying EA's anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- João de Sousa Valente
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK; (K.M.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.Z.); (X.K.); (D.T.); (F.A.); (B.B.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Khadija M Alawi
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK; (K.M.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.Z.); (X.K.); (D.T.); (F.A.); (B.B.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Sabah Bharde
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK; (K.M.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.Z.); (X.K.); (D.T.); (F.A.); (B.B.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Ali A. Zarban
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK; (K.M.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.Z.); (X.K.); (D.T.); (F.A.); (B.B.); (S.D.B.)
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xenia Kodji
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK; (K.M.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.Z.); (X.K.); (D.T.); (F.A.); (B.B.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Dibesh Thapa
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK; (K.M.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.Z.); (X.K.); (D.T.); (F.A.); (B.B.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Fulye Argunhan
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK; (K.M.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.Z.); (X.K.); (D.T.); (F.A.); (B.B.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Brentton Barrett
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK; (K.M.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.Z.); (X.K.); (D.T.); (F.A.); (B.B.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetic, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Susan D. Brain
- Section of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, BHF Cardiovascular Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, UK; (K.M.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.Z.); (X.K.); (D.T.); (F.A.); (B.B.); (S.D.B.)
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Dolinina J, Rippe A, Öberg CM. Clemizole and La 3+ salts ameliorate angiotensin II-induced glomerular hyperpermeability in vivo. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14781. [PMID: 34042270 PMCID: PMC8157770 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces marked, dynamic increases in the permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) in rats. After binding to its receptor, Ang II elicits Ca2+ influx into cells, mediated by TRPC5 and TRPC6 (transient receptor potential canonical type 5 and 6). Clemizole and La3+ salts have been shown to block TRPC channels in vitro, and we therefore tested their potential effect on Ang II‐induced glomerular hyperpermeability. Anesthetized male Sprague‐Dawley rats were infused with Ang II (80 ng kg–1 min–1) alone, or together with clemizole or low‐dose La3+ (activates TRPC5, blocks TRPC6) or high‐dose La3+ (blocks both TRPC5 and TRPC6). Plasma and urine samples were taken during baseline and at 5 min after the start of the infusions and analyzed by high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography for determination of glomerular sieving coefficients for Ficoll 10–80 Å (1–8 nm). Ang II infusion evoked glomerular hyperpermeability to large Ficolls (50–80 Å), which was ameliorated by clemizole, having no significant effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or Ang II‐mediated increase in mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP). In contrast, high‐ and low‐dose La3+ significantly lowered ΔMAP and reduced Ang II‐induced hyperpermeability. Combined, clemizole and low‐dose La3+ were less effective at ameliorating Ang II‐induced glomerular hyperpermeability than low‐dose La3+ alone. In conclusion, our data show that both clemizole and La3+ are effective against Ang II‐induced glomerular hyperpermeability, with differential effects on blood pressure. Further research using more specific blockers of TRPC5 and TRPC6 should be performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dolinina
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Rippe
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl M Öberg
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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31
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Storch U, Mederos Y Schnitzler M, Gudermann T. A greasy business: Identification of a diacylglycerol binding site in human TRPC5 channels by cryo-EM. Cell Calcium 2021; 97:102414. [PMID: 33930818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential classical or canonical (TRPC) 5 channel is a non-selective calcium-permeable cation channel that recently emerged as a promising target for the treatment of various diseases such as mental disorders and kidney diseases. Thus, detailed insight into the structural properties of TRPC5 channels is of utmost importance to further advance TRPC5 channels as drug targets. Recently, Song et al. (2021) have presented cryo-EM structures of the human TRPC5 channel alone or in complex with two different inhibitors thereby revealing two new distinct drug binding sites. Moreover, a binding site for the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) has been identified commensurate with a key role of DAG for TRPC5 channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Storch
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Mederos Y Schnitzler
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany; German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.
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32
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Song K, Wei M, Guo W, Quan L, Kang Y, Wu JX, Chen L. Structural basis for human TRPC5 channel inhibition by two distinct inhibitors. eLife 2021; 10:63429. [PMID: 33683200 PMCID: PMC7987348 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPC5 channel is a nonselective cation channel that participates in diverse physiological processes. TRPC5 inhibitors show promise in the treatment of anxiety disorder, depression, and kidney disease. However, the binding sites and inhibitory mechanism of TRPC5 inhibitors remain elusive. Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of human TRPC5 in complex with two distinct inhibitors, namely clemizole and HC-070, to the resolution of 2.7 Å. The structures reveal that clemizole binds inside the voltage sensor-like domain of each subunit. In contrast, HC-070 is wedged between adjacent subunits and replaces the glycerol group of a putative diacylglycerol molecule near the extracellular side. Moreover, we found mutations in the inhibitor binding pockets altered the potency of inhibitors. These structures suggest that both clemizole and HC-070 exert the inhibitory functions by stabilizing the ion channel in a nonconductive closed state. These results pave the way for further design and optimization of inhibitors targeting human TRPC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangcheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
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33
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Du SL, Jia ZQ, Zhong JC, Wang LF. TRPC5 in cardiovascular diseases. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2021; 22:127-135. [PMID: 33792254 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2021.01.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially acute myocardial infarction, are the leading cause of death, morbidity and disability across the world, affecting millions of people each year. Atherosclerosis (AS) is the major cause of CVD, and is a chronic inflammation involving different cell types and various molecular mechanisms. Ca2+ dynamics of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exert a significant influence on many aspects of CVD. Transient receptor potential channel 5 (TRPC5) is a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which consists of a large number of nonselective cation channels with variable degrees of Ca2+-permeability. As a Ca2+-permeable cation channel, Human TRPC5 is expressed in a number of cell types, including ECs and muscle cells, as well as lungs and kidneys. TRPC5 is involved in renal, tumorous, neuronal and vascular diseases. In recent years, the roles of TRPC5 in CVD have been widely implicated in various disorders, such as AS, cardiac hypertrophy and blood pressure regulation. The TRPC5 mechanism of action may be associated with regulation of calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress and apoptosis. In this review, we highlight the significant roles of TRPC5 in the heart, and evaluate the potential of therapeutics targets which block TRPC5 for the treatment of CVD and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Du
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100020 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zeng-Qin Jia
- Miyun teaching hospital, Capital Medical University, 101500 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiu-Chang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100020 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Le-Feng Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100020 Beijing, P. R. China
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Liu J, Ge Y, Wang N, Wen J, Wang W, Zeng B, Chen GL. A Simple and Efficient Method to Generate Gene-Knockout and Transgenic Cell Lines. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 40:239-246. [PMID: 33395371 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout (KO) or exogenous expression of a gene of interest in cultured cells is one of the most important ways to study the function of the gene. Compared with transient transfection, stable cell lines possess great advantages such as excellent cell homogeneity and feasibility for long-term use. However, technical challenges in generating stable cell lines still exist in many laboratories using conventional techniques like limiting dilution or cloning cylinders. In this study we describe an optimized method to efficiently create stable cell lines for functional studies. This method was successfully used to generate a PIEZO1 gene-KO cell line with the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and TRPC5/GCaMP6f-mCherry-coexpressing cell lines without antibiotic selection. Monoclonal cell lines can be obtained in 2-4 weeks after transfection. This method does not require any special equipment or consumables and can be conducted in all laboratories with general cell-culture facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gui-Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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de Sousa Valente J, Alawi KM, Keringer P, Bharde S, Ayaz F, Saleque N, Kodji X, Thapa D, Argunhan F, Brain SD. Examining the role of transient receptor potential canonical 5 ( TRPC5) in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil Open 2020; 2:100119. [PMID: 33381767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteo-arthritis (OA) involves joint degradation and usually pain; with mechanisms poorly understood and few treatment options. There is evidence that the transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) mRNA expression is reduced in OA patients’ synovia. Here we examine the profile of TRPC5 in DRG and involvement in murine models of OA. Design TRPC5 KO mice were subjected to partial meniscectomy (PMNX) or injected with monoiodoacetate (MIA) and pain-related behaviours were determined. Knee joint pathological scores were analysed and gene expression changes in ipsilateral synovium and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) determined. c-Fos protein expression in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord was quantified. Results TRPC5 KO mice developed a discrete enhanced pain-related phenotype. In the MIA model, the pain-related phenotype correlated with c-Fos expression in the dorsal horn and increased expression of nerve injury markers ATF3, CSF1 and galanin in the ipsilateral DRG. There were negligible differences in the joint pathology between WT and TRPC5 KO mice, however detailed gene expression analysis determined increased expression of the mast cell marker CD117 as well as extracellular matrix remodelling proteinases MMP2, MMP13 and ADAMTS4 in MIA-treated TRPC5 KO mice. TRPC5 expression was defined to sensory subpopulations in DRG. Conclusions Deletion of TRPC5 receptor signalling is associated with exacerbation of pain-like behaviour in OA which correlates with increased expression of enzymes involved in extracellular remodelling, inflammatory cells in the synovium and increased neuronal activation and injury in DRG. Together, these results identify a modulating role for TRPC5 in OA-induced pain-like behaviours.
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Abstract
The nonselective Ca2+ -permeable transient receptor potential channel subfamily member 5 (TRPC5) belongs to the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) superfamily and is widely expressed in the brain. Compelling evidence reveals that TRPC5 plays crucial roles in depression and other psychiatric disorders. To develop a TRPC5 radioligand, following up on our previous effort, we synthesized the iodine compound TZ66127 and its iodine-125-labeled counterpart [125 I]TZ66127. The synthesis of TZ66127 was achieved by replacing chloride with iodide in the structure of HC608, and the [125 I]TZ66127 was radiosynthesized using its corresponding tributylstannylated precursor. We established a stable human TRPC5-overexpressed HEK293-hTRPC5 cell line and performed Ca2+ imaging and a cell-binding assay study of TZ66127; these indicated that TZ66127 had good inhibition activity for TRPC5, and the inhibitory efficiency of TZ66127 toward TRPC5 presented in a dose-dependent manner. An in vitro autoradiography and immunohistochemistry study of rat brain sections suggested that [125 I]TZ66127 had binding specificity toward TRPC5. Altogether, [125 I]TZ66127 has high potential to serve as a radioligand for screening the binding activity of other new compounds toward TRPC5. The availability of [125 I]TZ66127 might facilitate the development of therapeutic drugs and PET imaging agents that target TRPC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Yu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qianwa Liang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lixia Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiwei Gu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Abstract
The detection of ambient cold is critical for mammals, who use this information to avoid tissue damage by cold and to maintain stable body temperature. The transduction of information about the environmental cold is mediated by cold-sensitive ion channels expressed in peripheral sensory nerve endings in the skin. Most transduction mechanisms for detecting temperature changes identified to date depend on transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. Mild cooling is detected by the menthol-sensitive TRPM8 ion channel, but how painful cold is detected remains unclear. The TRPA1 ion channel, which is activated by cold in expression systems, seemed to provide an answer to this question, but whether TRPA1 is activated by cold in neurons and contributes to the sensation of cold pain continues to be a matter of debate. Recent advances have been made in this area of investigation with the identification of several potential cold-sensitive ion channels in thermosensory neurons, including two-pore domain potassium channels (K2P), GluK2 glutamate receptors, and CNGA3 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. This mini-review gives a brief overview of the way by which ion channels contribute to cold sensation, discusses the controversy around the cold-sensitivity of TRPA1, and provides an assessment of some recently-proposed novel cold-transduction mechanisms. Evidence for another unidentified cold-transduction mechanism is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Joëlle Buijs
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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38
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Li S, Zhang S, Chen D, Jiang X, Liu B, Zhang H, Rachakunta M, Zuo Z. Identification of Novel TRPC5 Inhibitors by Pharmacophore-Based and Structure-Based Approaches. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 87:107302. [PMID: 32554176 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential-5 (TRPC5), which belongs to the subfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, is a non-selective cation channel mainly expressed in the central nervous system and shows more restricted expression in the periphery. TRPC5 plays a crucial role in human physiology and pathology, for instance, anxiety, depression, epilepsy, pain, memory and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, due to lack of the effective and selective inhibitors, its physiological and pathological mechanism remains so far unknown. It is therefore pivotal to identify potential TRPC5 inhibitors. We have applied ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS) and structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) methods. The pharmacophore models of TRPC5 antagonists generated by using the HypoGen and HipHop algorithms were used as a query model for the screening of potential inhibitors against the Specs database. The resultant hits from LBVS were further screened by SBVS. SBVS was carried out based on the homology model generation of human TRPC5, binding site identification, molecular dynamics optimization and molecular docking studies. In our systematic screening approaches, we have identified 7 hits compounds with comparable dock score after Lipinski and Veber rules, ADMET, PAINS analysis, cluster analysis, and similarity analysis. In conclusion, the current research provides novel backbones for the new-generation of TRPC5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Dingyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Munikishore Rachakunta
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhili Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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Guo J, Li J, Xia L, Wang Y, Zhu J, Du J, Lu Y, Liu G, Yao X, Shen B. Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 5-Scramblase Signaling Complex Mediates Neuronal Phosphatidylserine Externalization and Apoptosis. Cells 2020; 9:E547. [PMID: 32110987 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1), a lipid-binding and Ca2+-sensitive protein located on plasma membranes, is critically involved in phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, an important process in cell apoptosis. Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5), is a nonselective Ca2+ channel in neurons that interacts with many downstream molecules, participating in diverse physiological functions including temperature or mechanical sensation. The interaction between TRPC5 and PLSCR1 has never been reported. Here, we showed that PLSCR1 interacts with TRPC5 through their C-termini in HEK293 cells and mouse cortical neurons. Formation of TRPC5-PLSCR1 complex stimulates PS externalization and promotes cell apoptosis in HEK293 cells and mouse cerebral neurons. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that PS externalization in cortical neurons induced by artificial cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was reduced in TRPC5 knockout mice compared to wild-type mice, and that the percentage of apoptotic neurons was also lower in TRPC5 knockout mice than in wild-type mice. Collectively, the present study suggested that TRPC5-PLSCR1 is a signaling complex mediating PS externalization and apoptosis in neurons and that TRPC5 plays a pathological role in cerebral-ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Santoni G, Morelli MB, Marinelli O, Nabissi M, Santoni M, Amantini C. Calcium Signaling and the Regulation of Chemosensitivity in Cancer Cells: Role of the Transient Receptor Potential Channels. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020; 1131:505-517. [PMID: 31646523 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire the ability to modify the calcium signaling network by altering the expression and functions of cation channels, pumps or transporters. Calcium signaling pathways are involved in proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, immune evasion, disruption of cell death pathways, ECM remodelling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance. Among cation channels, a pivotal role is played by the Transient Receptor Potential non-selective cation-permeable receptors localized in plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and lysosomes. Several findings indicate that the dysregulation in calcium signaling induced by TRP channels is responsible for cancer growth, metastasis and chemoresistance. Drug resistance represents a major limitation in the application of current therapeutic regimens and several efforts are spent to overcome it. Here we describe the ability of Transient Receptor Potential Channels to modify, by altering the intracellular calcium influx, the cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Immunopathology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, Immunopathology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Immunopathology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Immunopathology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Clinic and Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
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41
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Abstract
Over a decade ago, mutations in the gene encoding TRPC6 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6) were linked to development of familial forms of nephrosis. Since this discovery, TRPC6 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of non-genetic forms of kidney disease including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), diabetic nephropathy, immune-mediated kidney diseases, and renal fibrosis. On the basis of these findings, TRPC6 has become an important target for the development of therapeutic agents to treat diverse kidney diseases. Although TRPC6 has been a major focus for drug discovery, more recent studies suggest that other TRPC family members play a role in the pathogenesis of glomerular disease processes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review highlights the data implicating TRPC6 and other TRPC family members in both genetic and non-genetic forms of kidney disease, focusing on TRPC3, TRPC5, and TRPC6 in a cell type (glomerular podocytes) that plays a key role in proteinuric kidney diseases.
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Pablo JL, Greka A. Charting a TRP to Novel Therapeutic Destinations for Kidney Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:911-918. [PMID: 31704171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are critical to kidney function, and their dysregulation leads to several distinct kidney diseases. Of the diversity of ion channels in kidney cells, the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of proteins plays important and varied roles in both maintaining homeostasis as well as in causing disease. Recent work showed that TRPC5 blockers could successfully protect critical components of the kidney filter both in vitro and in vivo, thus revealing TRPC5 as a tractable therapeutic target for focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a common cause of kidney failure. Human genetics point to three additional TRP channels as plausible therapeutic targets: TRPC6 in FSGS, PKD2 in polycystic kidney disease, and TRPM6 in familial hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH). We conclude that targeting TRP channels could pave the way for much needed therapies for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lorenzo Pablo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Dryer SE, Roshanravan H, Kim EY. TRPC channels: Regulation, dysregulation and contributions to chronic kidney disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1041-1066. [PMID: 30953689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channels result in severe nephrotic syndromes that typically lead to end-stage renal disease. Many but not all of these mutations result in a gain in the function of the resulting channel protein. Since those observations were first made, substantial work has supported the hypothesis that TRPC6 channels can also contribute to progression of acquired (non-genetic) glomerular diseases, including primary and secondary FSGS, glomerulosclerosis during autoimmune glomerulonephritis, and possibly in type-1 diabetes. Their regulation has been extensively studied, especially in podocytes, but also in mesangial cells and other cell types present in the kidney. More recent evidence has implicated TRPC6 in renal fibrosis and tubulointerstitial disease caused by urinary obstruction. Consequently TRPC6 is being extensively investigated as a target for drug discovery. Other TRPC family members are present in kidney. TRPC6 can form a functional heteromultimer with TRPC3, and it has been suggested that TRPC5 may also play a role in glomerular disease progression, although the evidence on this is contradictory. Here we review literature on the expression and regulation of TRPC6, TRPC3 and TRPC5 in various cell types of the vertebrate kidney, the evidence that these channels are dysregulated in disease models, and research showing that knock-out or pharmacological inhibition of these channels can reduce the severity of kidney disease. We also summarize several areas that remain controversial, and some of the large gaps of knowledge concerning the fundamental role of these proteins in regulation of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hila Roshanravan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Sharma SH, Pablo JL, Montesinos MS, Greka A, Hopkins CR. Design, synthesis and characterization of novel N-heterocyclic-1-benzyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-amines as selective TRPC5 inhibitors leading to the identification of the selective compound, AC1903. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:155-159. [PMID: 30538066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential cation channel 5 (TRPC5) has been previously shown to affect podocyte survival in the kidney. As such, inhibitors of TRPC5 are interesting candidates for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Herein, we report the synthesis and biological characterization of a series of N-heterocyclic-1-benzyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-amines as selective TRPC5 inhibitors. Work reported here evaluates the benzimidazole scaffold and substituents resulting in the discovery of AC1903, a TRPC5 inhibitor that is active in multiple animal models of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagat H Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Juan Lorenzo Pablo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Monica Suarez Montesinos
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
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Mederos Y Schnitzler M, Gudermann T, Storch U. Emerging Roles of Diacylglycerol-Sensitive TRPC4/5 Channels. Cells 2018; 7:E218. [PMID: 30463370 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential classical or canonical 4 (TRPC4) and TRPC5 channels are members of the classical or canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel family of non-selective cation channels. TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels are widely accepted as receptor-operated cation channels that are activated in a phospholipase C-dependent manner, following the Gq/11 protein-coupled receptor activation. However, their precise activation mechanism has remained largely elusive for a long time, as the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels were considered as being insensitive to the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) in contrast to the other TRPC channels. Recent findings indicate that the C-terminal interactions with the scaffolding proteins Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 and 2 (NHERF1 and NHERF2) dynamically regulate the DAG sensitivity of the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. Interestingly, the C-terminal NHERF binding suppresses, while the dissociation of NHERF enables, the DAG sensitivity of the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. This leads to the assumption that all of the TRPC channels are DAG sensitive. The identification of the regulatory function of the NHERF proteins in the TRPC4/5-NHERF protein complex offers a new starting point to get deeper insights into the molecular basis of TRPC channel activation. Future studies will have to unravel the physiological and pathophysiological functions of this multi-protein channel complex.
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Liang C, Zhang Y, Zhuo D, Lo CY, Yu L, Lau CW, Kwan YW, Tse G, Huang Y, Yao X. Endothelial cell transient receptor potential channel C5 ( TRPC5) is essential for endothelium-dependent contraction in mouse carotid arteries. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 159:11-24. [PMID: 30414390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Augmented endothelium-dependent contractions (EDC) contributes to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease progression. An early signal in EDC is cytosolic [Ca2+]i rise in endothelial cells, which stimulates the production of contractile prostanoids, leading to vascular contraction. In this study, the molecular identity of Ca2+-permeable channels in endothelial cells and its function were investigated. Vascular tension was measured by wire myograph. EDCs were elicited by acetylcholine (ACH) in the presence of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). [Ca2+]i was measured using a Ca2+-sensitive fluorescence dye. Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) was used for prostaglandin measurement. Immunohistochemical staining found the expression of transient receptor potential channel C5 (TRPC5) in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of mouse carotid arteries. ACH-induced EDC in male mouse carotid arteries was found to be substantially reduced in TRPC5 knockout (KO) mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. TRPC5 inhibitors clemizole and ML204 also reduced the EDC. Furthermore, ACH-induced Ca2+ entry in endothelial cells was lower in TRPC5 KO mice than in WT mice. Moreover, the EDC was abolished by a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor NS-398, but not affected by a COX-1 inhibitor valeryl salicylate (VAS). Enzyme immunoassay results showed that TRPC5 stimulated the COX-2-linked production of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Exogeneous PGF2α, PGE2, and PGD2 could induce contractions in carotid arteries. Our present study demonstrated that TRPC5 in endothelial cells contributes to EDC by stimulating the production of COX-2-linked prostanoids. The finding extends our knowledge about EDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duan Zhuo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun-Yin Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Libo Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi-Wai Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiu-Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary Tse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Wang X, Dande RR, Yu H, Samelko B, Miller RE, Altintas MM, Reiser J. TRPC5 Does Not Cause or Aggravate Glomerular Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:409-415. [PMID: 29061651 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017060682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel 5 (TRPC5) is highly expressed in brain and kidney and mediates calcium influx and promotes cell migration. In the kidney, loss of TRPC5 function has been reported to benefit kidney filter dynamics by balancing podocyte cytoskeletal remodeling. However, in vivo gain-in-function studies of TRPC5 with respect to kidney function have not been reported. To address this gap, we developed two transgenic mouse models on the C57BL/6 background by overexpressing either wild-type TRPC5 or a TRPC5 ion-pore mutant. Compared with nontransgenic controls, neither transgenic model exhibited an increase in proteinuria at 8 months of age or a difference in LPS-induced albuminuria. Moreover, activation of TRPC5 by Englerin A did not stimulate proteinuria, and inhibition of TRPC5 by ML204 did not significantly lower the level of LPS-induced proteinuria in any group. Collectively, these data suggest that the overexpression or activation of the TRPC5 ion channel does not cause kidney barrier injury or aggravate such injury under pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ranadheer R Dande
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Beata Samelko
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mehmet M Altintas
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Maddox JW, Khorsandi N, Gleason E. TRPC5 is required for the NO-dependent increase in dendritic Ca 2+ and GABA release from chick retinal amacrine cells. J Neurophysiol 2017; 119:262-273. [PMID: 28978766 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00500.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic signaling from amacrine cells (ACs) is a fundamental aspect of visual signal processing in the inner retina. We have previously shown that nitric oxide (NO) can elicit release of GABA independently from activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in cultured retinal ACs. This voltage-independent quantal GABA release relies on a Ca2+ influx mechanism with pharmacological characteristics consistent with the involvement of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels TRPC4 and/or TRPC5. To determine the identity of these channels, we evaluated the ability of NO to elevate dendritic Ca2+ and to stimulate GABA release from cultured ACs under conditions known to alter the function of TRPC4 and 5. We found that these effects of NO are phospholipase C dependent, have a biphasic dependence on La3+, and are unaffected by moderate concentrations of the TRPC4-selective antagonist ML204. Together, these results suggest that NO promotes GABA release by activating TRPC5 channels in AC dendrites. To confirm a role for TRPC5, we knocked down the expression of TRPC5 using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockdown and found that both the NO-dependent Ca2+ elevations and increase in GABA release are dependent on the expression of TRPC5. These results demonstrate a novel NO-dependent mechanism for regulating neurotransmitter output from retinal ACs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Elucidating the mechanisms regulating GABAergic synaptic transmission in the inner retina is key to understanding the flexibility of retinal ganglion cell output. Here, we demonstrate that nitric oxide (NO) can activate a transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5)-mediated Ca2+ influx, which is sufficient to drive vesicular GABA release from retinal amacrine cells. This NO-dependent mechanism can bypass the need for depolarization and may have an important role in processing the visual signal by enhancing retinal amacrine cell GABAergic inhibitory output.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wesley Maddox
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nikka Khorsandi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Evanna Gleason
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Touska F, Sattler S, Malsch P, Lewis RJ, Reeh PW, Zimmermann K. Ciguatoxins Evoke Potent CGRP Release by Activation of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Subtypes Na V1.9, Na V1.7 and Na V1.1. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E269. [PMID: 28867800 DOI: 10.3390/md15090269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are marine toxins that cause ciguatera fish poisoning, a debilitating disease dominated by sensory and neurological disturbances that include cold allodynia and various painful symptoms as well as long-lasting pruritus. Although CTXs are known as the most potent mammalian sodium channel activator toxins, the etiology of many of its neurosensory symptoms remains unresolved. We recently described that local application of 1 nM Pacific Ciguatoxin-1 (P-CTX-1) into the skin of human subjects induces a long-lasting, painful axon reflex flare and that CTXs are particularly effective in releasing calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) from nerve terminals. In this study, we used mouse and rat skin preparations and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to study the molecular mechanism by which P-CTX-1 induces CGRP release. We show that P-CTX-1 induces CGRP release more effectively in mouse as compared to rat skin, exhibiting EC50 concentrations in the low nanomolar range. P-CTX-1-induced CGRP release from skin is dependent on extracellular calcium and sodium, but independent from the activation of various thermosensory transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. In contrast, lidocaine and tetrodotoxin (TTX) reduce CGRP release by 53–75%, with the remaining fraction involving L-type and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC). Using transgenic mice, we revealed that the TTX-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) NaV1.9, but not NaV1.8 or NaV1.7 alone and the combined activation of the TTX-sensitive VGSC subtypes NaV1.7 and NaV1.1 carry the largest part of the P-CTX-1-caused CGRP release of 42% and 34%, respectively. Given the contribution of CGRP to nociceptive and itch sensing pathways, our findings contribute to a better understanding of sensory symptoms of acute and chronic ciguatera that may help in the identification of potential therapeutics.
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Chaudhuri P, Rosenbaum MA, Birnbaumer L, Graham LM. Integration of TRPC6 and NADPH oxidase activation in lysophosphatidylcholine-induced TRPC5 externalization. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C541-C555. [PMID: 28835433 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00028.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid oxidation products, including lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), activate canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels, and the subsequent increase in intracellular Ca2+ leads to TRPC5 activation. The goal of this study is to elucidate the steps in the pathway between TRPC6 activation and TRPC5 externalization. Following TRPC6 activation by lysoPC, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) is phosphorylated. This leads to phosphorylation of p47phox and subsequent NADPH oxidase activation with increased production of reactive oxygen species. ERK activation requires TRPC6 opening and influx of Ca2+ as evidenced by the failure of lysoPC to induce ERK phosphorylation in TRPC6-/- endothelial cells. ERK siRNA blocks the lysoPC-induced activation of NADPH oxidase, demonstrating that ERK activation is upstream of NADPH oxidase. The reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase promote myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activation with phosphorylation of MLC and TRPC5 externalization. Downregulation of ERK, NADPH oxidase, or MLCK with the relevant siRNA prevents TRPC5 externalization. Blocking MLCK activation prevents the prolonged rise in intracellular calcium levels and preserves endothelial migration in the presence of lysoPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Chaudhuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael A Rosenbaum
- Surgical Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Linda M Graham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; .,Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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