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Effects of propolis and melatonin on oxidative stress, inflammation, and clinical status in patients with primary sepsis: Study protocol and review on previous studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 33:125-131. [PMID: 31451248 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have explored the anti-inflammatory, anti-infection and oxidative stress reduction effects of propolis and melatonin in experimental studies. However, there are no studies at present exploring the effects of propolis and melatonin in patients with primary sepsis. The present study aims to evaluate the potential effects of propolis and melatonin as a pharmaceutical agent in patients with primary sepsis. METHODS/DESIGN The study will be conducted as a randomized controlled clinical trial at the Imamreza hospital. Patients with primary sepsis, in four equal groups, will be recruited for the study. The treatment drugs are propolis and melatonin and the placebo. The following primary and secondary outcome measures will be evaluated: APACHE II Score, SOFA score, NUTRIC score, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress markers. DISCUSSION We describe the protocol for a clinical trial design evaluating the effects of simultaneous administration of propolis and melatonin in patients with primary sepsis. The result of the present study, positive or negative, should provide a step change in the evidence guiding current and future policies regarding the use of propolis and melatonin as an auxiliary treatment in patients with primary sepsis. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20181025041460N1. Registered on 6 November 2018.
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The Effect of Iranian Propolis on Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Profile, Insulin Resistance, Renal Function and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7289. [PMID: 31086222 PMCID: PMC6514000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product with many biological properties including hypoglycemic activity and modulating lipid profile. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Iranian propolis extract on glucose metabolism, Lipid profile, Insulin resistance, renal and liver function as well as inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. The duration of the study lasted 90 days. Patients with T2DM were recruited and randomly divided into an Iranian propolis group (1000 mg/day) (n = 50) and a placebo group (n = 44). There was a significant decrease in the serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 2-hour post prandial (2hpp), insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), High sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). However, there was a notable elevation in the serum HDL-C in the propolis group compared with the placebo group. In addition, a notable reduction in serum liver transaminase (ALT and AST) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations in the propolis group was observed. Iranian propolis has beneficial effects on reducing post prandial blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance, and inflammatory cytokines. It is also a useful treatment for preventing the liver and renal dysfunction, as well as, elevating HDL-C concentrations in patients with T2DM.
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Karimian J, Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Najafgholizadeh A, Ghavami A. The efficacy of propolis on markers of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1616-1626. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Karimian
- Department of General Courses, School of Management and Medical Information SciencesIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA Tehran Iran
| | - Makan Pourmasoumi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research CenterGuilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran
| | | | - Abed Ghavami
- Department of Nutrition, School of NutritionTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Bioavailability and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of a Standardized Polyphenol Mixture Extracted from Brown Propolis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051250. [PMID: 30871097 PMCID: PMC6429100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence demonstrate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of propolis, mostly ascribed to its polyphenol content. However, little is known regarding the bioavailability of propolis in acute and prolonged settings of oral administration. In this study, we first determined the content of the main polyphenols in a brown propolis extract obtained using a patented extraction method (Multi Dinamic Extraction—M.E.D.) by RP-HPLC-UV-PDA-MSn analysis, followed by the bioavailability of galangin and chrysin, the most abundant polyphenols in the mixture (7.8% and 7.5% respectively), following acute (single bolus of 500 mg/kg containing about 3.65 mg of the polyphenol mixture) and prolonged (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg body for 30 days) oral administration in 30 male 8 weeks old C57BL/6 wild-type mice. In the acute setting, blood was taken at 30 s and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60 and 120 min following the oral bolus. In the prolonged setting, blood samples were obtained after 10, 20 or 30 days of administration. At the end of treatment, expression of antioxidant enzymes (superoxyde dismutase, SOD-1; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GSS) was evaluated in liver tissue. Following both acute and prolonged administration, neither galangin nor chrysin were detectable in the plasma of mice, whereas the glucuronide metabolite of galangine was detectable 5 min after acute administration. At the end of the prolonged treatment SOD-1 was found to have increased significantly, unlike CAT and GSS. Overall, these data suggest that oral administration of whole brown propolis extract is followed by rapid absorption and metabolization of galangin followed by adaptations of the antioxidant first line defense system.
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Afsharpour F, Javadi M, Hashemipour S, Koushan Y, Haghighian HK. Propolis supplementation improves glycemic and antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Complement Ther Med 2019; 43:283-288. [PMID: 30935545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has risen dramatically in recent years. There are many different safe therapies used for diabetes and also number of natural supplements that can be used to manage diabetes. We assessed the effect of oral propolis supplementation on blood glucose, insulin resistance and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial for 8-week. Sixty two patients with type 2 diabetes (30-55 years of age) were randomly assigned in two group, propolis (n = 31) and placebo (n = 31). Patients were given doses of 500 mg, three times a day (1500 mg), of propolis or placebo three time a day. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), two-hour postprandial glucose (2-hp), insulin, insulin resistance (IR), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. RESULTS After two month, FBS, 2-hp, insulin, IR, HbA1c was significantly decreased in patients treated with propolis compared with placebo group (p < 0.05). Additionally intake of propolis significantly increased the blood levels of TAC and activity of GPx and SOD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Propolis treatment can be helpful as a diet supplement in patients with type 2 diabetes through improvement in glycemic status, reduction in insulin resistance and amelioration in antioxidant status. This supplement without side effects can increase the effectiveness of prescribing drugs in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Afsharpour
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran; Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maryam Javadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran; Children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sima Hashemipour
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Yaghob Koushan
- Medical Plant Research Center of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Researcher in Traditional Medicine, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Khadem Haghighian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran; Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Usman UZ, Bakar ABA, Mohamed M. Propolis improves pregnancy outcomes and placental oxidative stress status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:324. [PMID: 30518366 PMCID: PMC6282378 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the effects of propolis alone or combined with insulin on maternal status, pregnancy outcomes and placental oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Forty female rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 8/group) i.e. non-DM (non-diabetes), DM (diabetes), DM + Propolis (diabetes on propolis orally); DM + Insulin (diabetes on insulin subcutaneously) and DM + Combined (diabetes on propolis and insulin) groups. Propolis and insulin were given at 300 mg/kg/day orally and 5.0 IU/kg/day subcutaneously, respectively, for 4 weeks. RESULTS Fasting blood glucose, conception period, implantation losses, foetal blood glucose and placental oxidative stress markers such as malonaldehyde and protein carbonyl were significantly higher while maternal weight gain, foetal body weight and total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in DM group compared with non-DM group. These changes were significantly improved in rats treated with propolis or insulin alone with greater significant effects in rats treated with both propolis and insulin. CONCLUSION This study may suggest the protective effects of propolis against DM-induced impaired pregnancy outcomes and placental oxidative stress with greater effects when combined with insulin.
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Beneficial Effects of Poplar Buds on Hyperglycemia, Dyslipidemia, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Type-2 Diabetes. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:7245956. [PMID: 30320140 PMCID: PMC6167568 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7245956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of propolis on blood glucose regulation and the alleviation of various complications caused by diabetes have been widely studied. The main source of propolis in the northern temperate zone is poplar buds. However, there is limited research on the antidiabetic activity of poplar buds. In order to evaluate the effect of poplar buds on type-2 diabetes, crude extract and 50% fraction of poplar buds were used to feed streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetic mice. The results showed that 50% fraction could increase insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance, as well as decrease the levels of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and glycosylated serum proteins in diabetic mice. Compared with the model control group, the 50% fraction-treated group showed significant decreases of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increases of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum and liver homogenate. Moreover, 50% fraction could significantly decrease total cholesterol (TC), alleviate abnormal lipid metabolism, and enhance antioxidant capacity in the serum. For inflammatory factors, feeding of 50% fraction could also reduce the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in liver homogenate. Taken together, our results suggest that crude extract and 50% fraction of poplar buds, particularly the latter, can decrease blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, and 50% fraction can significantly relieve dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation caused by type-2 diabetes.
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Malaysian propolis, metformin and their combination, exert hepatoprotective effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 2018; 211:40-50. [PMID: 30205096 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatic oxidative stress and weak antioxidant defence system resulting in hepatic lesion, has been reported in diabetic rats. The present study investigated the possible hepatoprotective effects of Malaysian propolis (MP) in diabetic rats, on the background that MP has been reported to have anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic on 300 mg/kg b.w. MP, diabetic on 300 mg/kg b.w. metformin, and diabetic on MP and metformin combined therapy. Treatment was done orally for 4 weeks, and NC and DC groups received distilled water as vehicle. KEY FINDINGS Results showed increased fasting blood glucose and serum markers of hepatic lesion (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase), increased hepatic lactate dehydrogenase activity, decreased hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities, increased immunoexpressions of nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin(IL)-1β and caspase-3, and decreased immunoexpressions of IL-10 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the liver of DC group. Histopathology of the liver revealed numerous hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei and inflammatory infiltration, while periodic acid-schiff staining decreased in the liver of DC group. Treatment with MP attenuated these negative effects and was comparable to metformin. Furthermore, these effects were better attenuated in the combined therapy-treated diabetic rats. SIGNIFICANCE Malaysian propolis attenuates hepatic lesion in DM and exerts a synergistic protective effect with the anti-hyperglycemic medication, metformin.
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Nna VU, Abu Bakar AB, Md Lazin MRML, Mohamed M. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and synergistic anti-hyperglycemic effects of Malaysian propolis and metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:305-320. [PMID: 30026088 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia which causes oxidative stress. Propolis has been reported to have antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potentials. The present study therefore examined the anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Malaysian propolis (MP) using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ethanol extract of MP showed in vitro antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 radical scavenging) and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. Male Sprague Dawley rats were either treated with distilled water (normal control and diabetic control), MP (300 mg/kg b. w.), metformin (Met) (300 mg/kg b. w.) or both. After four weeks, fasting blood glucose decreased, while body weight change and serum insulin level increased significantly in MP, Met and MP + Met treated diabetic groups compared to diabetic control (DC) group. Furthermore, pancreatic antioxidant enzymes, total antioxidant capacity, interleukin (IL)-10 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen increased, while malondialdehyde, nuclear factor-kappa B (p65), tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1β and cleaved caspase-3 decreased significantly in the treated diabetic groups compared to DC group. Histopathology of the pancreas showed increased islet area and number of beta cells in the treated groups, compared to DC group, with D + MP + Met group comparable to normal control. We conclude that MP has anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic potentials, and exhibits synergistic effect with metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Kocot J, Kiełczykowska M, Luchowska-Kocot D, Kurzepa J, Musik I. Antioxidant Potential of Propolis, Bee Pollen, and Royal Jelly: Possible Medical Application. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7074209. [PMID: 29854089 PMCID: PMC5954854 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7074209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees products comprise of numerous substances, including propolis, bee pollen, and royal jelly, which have long been known for their medicinal and health-promoting properties. Their wide biological effects have been known and used since antiquity. Bee products are considered to be a potential source of natural antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, or terpenoids. Nowadays, the still growing concern in natural substances capable of counteracting the effects of oxidative stress underlying the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, as well as negative effects of different harmful factors and drugs, is being observed. Having regarded the importance of acquiring drugs from natural sources, this review is aimed at updating the current state of knowledge of antioxidant capacity of selected bee products, namely, propolis, bee pollen, and royal jelly, and of their potential antioxidant-related therapeutic applications. Moreover, the particular attention has been attributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying antioxidant properties of bee products. The influence of bee species, plant origin, geographic location, and seasonality as well as type of extraction solutions on the composition of bee products extracts were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kocot
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kiełczykowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Luchowska-Kocot
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Kurzepa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Irena Musik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Brazilian green propolis hydroalcoholic extract reduces colon damages caused by dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1283-1292. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gao W, Pu L, Wei J, Yao Z, Wang Y, Shi T, Zhao L, Jiao C, Guo C. Serum Antioxidant Parameters are Significantly Increased in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after Consumption of Chinese Propolis: A Randomized Controlled Trial Based on Fasting Serum Glucose Level. Diabetes Ther 2018; 9:101-111. [PMID: 29214374 PMCID: PMC5801227 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-017-0341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Propolis is a natural product with many biological activities. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Chinese propolis on glucose metabolism, antioxidant function, and inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS In the 18-week study, recruited T2DM patients were randomly divided into a Chinese propolis group (900 mg/day) (n = 31) and a control group (n = 30) according to fasting serum glucose levels at baseline. RESULTS At the end of the study, no significant difference was found between the groups in serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, aldose reductase, or adiponectin. However, serum GSH, flavonoids, and polyphenols were significantly increased, and serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly reduced in the Chinese propolis group. Meanwhile, serum IL-6 was significantly increased in the Chinese propolis group. CONCLUSION Chinese propolis is effective at improving antioxidant function in T2DM patients, partly by increasing serum antioxidant parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Pu
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingyu Wei
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanxin Yao
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tala Shi
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Changya Jiao
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, By-Health Ltd, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Zaccaria V, Curti V, Di Lorenzo A, Baldi A, Maccario C, Sommatis S, Mocchi R, Daglia M. Effect of Green and Brown Propolis Extracts on the Expression Levels of microRNAs, mRNAs and Proteins, Related to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1090. [PMID: 28974022 PMCID: PMC5691707 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence highlights that propolis exerts many biological functions that can be ascribed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components, including different polyphenol classes. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms are yet unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms at the basis of propolis anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The effects of two brown and green propolis extracts-chemically characterized by RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn-on the expression levels of miRNAs associated with inflammatory responses (miR-19a-3p and miR-203a-3p) and oxidative stress (miR-27a-3p and miR-17-3p), were determined in human keratinocyte HaCat cell lines, treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations. The results showed that brown propolis, whose major polyphenolic components are flavonoids, induced changes in the expression levels of all miRNAs, and was more active than green propolis (whose main polyphenolic components are hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives) which caused changes only in the expression levels of miR-19a-3p and miR-27a-3p. In addition, only brown propolis was able to modify (1) the expression levels of mRNAs, the target of the reported miRNAs, which code for Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2 Like 2 (NFE2L2) and Glutathione Peroxidase 2 (GPX2), and (2) the protein levels of TNF-α and NFE2L2. In conclusion, brown and green propolis, which showed different metabolite profiles, exert their biological functions through different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Zaccaria
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Valeria Curti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Arianna Di Lorenzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Baldi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Maccario
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Sommatis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Mocchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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