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Isola G. Current Evidence of Natural Agents in Oral and Periodontal Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020585. [PMID: 32102287 PMCID: PMC7071353 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and periodontal diseases, chewing disorders, and many destructive inflammatory diseases of the supporting tissues of the teeth are usually caused by an imbalance between host defense and environmental factors like smoking, poor nutrition, and a high percentage of periodontopathogenic bacteria. For these reasons, it is important also to focus attention on plaque control and also on improving host resistance through smoking and stress reduction, and a healthy diet. During the last decades, the importance of micronutrients has been extensively reviewed, and it was concluded that the prevention and treatment of periodontitis should include correct daily nutrition and a correct balance between antioxidants, probiotics, natural agents, vitamin D, and calcium. Recently, there has been growing interest in the literature on the impact of nutraceutical dietary aliments on oral and general health. This Special Issue provides a current and thoughtful perspective on the relationship of diet and natural agents on oral and periodontal diseases through a correct clinical approach with the last and most important evidence that may determine good oral conditions and high quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Isola G. Antibiotics and Antimicrobials for Treatment of the Oral Microbiota: Myths and Facts in Research and Clinical Practice. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020095. [PMID: 32098288 PMCID: PMC7167861 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the dental field, the most common oral diseases include periodontitis, apical periodontitis, abscesses, phlegmons and pulpits, all of which are determined by the same aetiological factor, bacterial infections. For these reasons, it is important to choose the right approach through a target antibiotic therapy against oral bacteria. More specifically, during periodontitis, antibiotics are used, often in association with periodontal debridement, to reduce disease-associated periodontopathogens. However, international guidelines are not unanimous in recommending the use of local and/or systemic antimicrobials to reduce infection by oral bacteria, especially in cases in which there is a danger of spreading systemic infection such as cellulitis, diffuse swelling, and abscesses. The lack of consensus is mainly due to the side effects of antibiotic therapy in dentistry, maybe due to recent scientific evidence regarding the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, the purpose of this editorial is to analyze the therapeutic effects of antibiotics against the main forms of oral and periodontal diseases, and whether there is a significant clinical benefit, especially in the long term, of antimicrobial therapies in dentistry. The most recent evidence regarding antimicrobial agents will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Unit of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Gardin C, Bosco G, Ferroni L, Quartesan S, Rizzato A, Tatullo M, Zavan B. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Improves the Osteogenic and Vasculogenic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Presence of Inflammation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041452. [PMID: 32093391 PMCID: PMC7073059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been reported to be beneficial for treating many conditions of inflammation-associated bone loss. The aim of this work was to in vitro investigate the effect of HBO in the course of osteogenesis of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) grown in a simulated pro-inflammatory environment. Cells were cultured with osteogenic differentiation factors in the presence or not of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), and simultaneously exposed daily for 60 min, and up to 21 days, at 2,4 atmosphere absolute (ATA) and 100% O2. To elucidate osteogenic differentiation-dependent effects, cells were additionally pre-committed prior to treatments. Cell metabolic activity was evaluated by means of the MTT assay and DNA content quantification, whereas osteogenic and vasculogenic differentiation was assessed by quantification of extracellular calcium deposition and gene expression analysis. Metabolic activity and osteogenic properties of cells did not differ between HBO, high pressure (HB) alone, or high oxygen (HO) alone and control if cells were pre-differentiated to the osteogenic lineage. In contrast, when treatments started contextually to the osteogenic differentiation of the cells, a significant reduction in cell metabolic activity first, and in mineral deposition at later time points, were observed in the HBO-treated group. Interestingly, TNF-α supplementation determined a significant improvement in the osteogenic capacity of cells subjected to HBO, which was not observed in TNF-α-treated cells exposed to HB or HO alone. This study suggests that exposure of osteogenic-differentiating MSCs to HBO under in vitro simulated inflammatory conditions enhances differentiation towards the osteogenic phenotype, providing evidence of the potential application of HBO in all those processes requiring bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gardin
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola (RA), Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.B.); (S.Q.); (A.R.)
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola (RA), Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Quartesan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.B.); (S.Q.); (A.R.)
| | - Alex Rizzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.B.); (S.Q.); (A.R.)
| | - Marco Tatullo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (M.T.); Tel.: +39-0532-455-502 (B.Z.)
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola (RA), Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (M.T.); Tel.: +39-0532-455-502 (B.Z.)
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Alibrandi A, Indelicato F, Ferlito S. Analysis of Endothelin-1 Concentrations in Individuals with Periodontitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1652. [PMID: 32015361 PMCID: PMC6997234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin 1 (ET-1) has been shown to have a key role in homeostasis and function of endothelium and maybe fundamental in the relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and periodontitis. In this trial, we assessed the influence on serum and salivary ET-1 levels of gingival health, CHD, periodontitis, or a combination of periodontitis-CHD. Clinical and periodontal parameters, were collected from periodontitis patients (n = 34), CHD patients (n = 34), periodontitis + CHD patients (n = 34), and from healthy patients (n = 34) together with saliva and serum samples. The median concentrations of salivary and serum ET-1 were significantly higher in the CHD patients [serum: 1.4(1.1-1.6) pg/ml; saliva 1.2 (0.9-1.6) µmol/g, p < 0.01] and in the periodontitis + CHD patients [serum: 1.7 (1.2-21.8) pg/ml; salivary 1.4(1-1.6) µmol/g, p < 0.001] respect to periodontitis and control patients. Through a univariate regression analysis, c-reactive protein (CRP) and CHD (both p < 0.001) and periodontitis (p = 0.029) were statistically correlated with ET-1 in serum. The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that only CRP was the statistically predictor of ET-1 in serum(p < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis in saliva demonstrated that, regarding ET-1 levels the only predictor were CRP (p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (p = 0.042). The present study evidenced that subjects with CHD and periodontitis plus CHD had higher serum and salivary levels of ET-1 compared to subjects with periodontitis and healthy controls. Moreover, only CRP remained a major predictor of increased ET-1 concentrations in both serum and saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Indelicato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Ferlito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Patini R. Management of special needs patients in dentistry during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. J Int Oral Health 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_221_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Aljohani SR, Alsaggaf DH. Adherence to Dietary Advice and Oral Hygiene Practices Among Orthodontic Patients. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:1991-2000. [PMID: 33116442 PMCID: PMC7586054 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s277034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to dietary advice and proper oral hygiene practices during orthodontic treatment are critical to maintaining good oral health and achieving successful treatment results. Thus, understanding patients' habits and practices before, during, and after orthodontic treatment is needed to ensure better oral health-related behavior among these patients. PURPOSE To investigate sugar-related dietary habits, visits to dental hygienists and dentists, and oral hygiene practices among patients during orthodontic treatment and after treatment compared to patients before treatment. METHODS A cross-sectional self-administered survey collected data from 375 patients (aged 10 years and older) from the Orthodontic Department at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Patients were grouped according to their history of receiving orthodontic treatment into: patients before orthodontic treatment, patients during treatment, and patients after treatment. The survey assessed sugar-related dietary habits, frequency of visits to hygienists and dentists, and oral hygiene practices. RESULTS Patients during orthodontic treatment and those after treatment were less likely to eat sticky food compared to patients before treatment (OR=0.4, 95% CI=0.2-0.9 and OR=0.5, 95% CI=0.3-0.9, respectively). No significant differences were found in the odds of dental visits among the groups. Compared to patients before orthodontic treatment, patients during treatment and patients after treatment had higher odds of tooth brushing twice or more per day (OR=4.8, 95% CI=1.7-14.3, and OR=4.0, 95% CI=1.2-13.6, respectively) and were more likely to brush for an adequate time (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.6-4.4 and OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.0-3.5, respectively). Moreover, the likelihood of flossing once daily was higher in patients during treatment and in patients after treatment relative to those before treatment. However, only patients during orthodontic treatment used interdental brushes more than patients before treatment. CONCLUSION Patients' oral health-related behavior seems to improve during and after orthodontic treatment. The findings of this study suggest that orthodontists can play a role in improving oral hygiene practices among their patients. More reinforcement of dietary instructions and periodic dental and hygiene visits is needed during orthodontic follow-up appointments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salha R Aljohani
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Salha R AljohaniDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Alsulemaneya, PO Box 80209, Jeddah21589, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 504684941Fax +966 12 692 1262 Email
| | - Doaa H Alsaggaf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Isola G, Giudice AL, Polizzi A, Alibrandi A, Patini R, Ferlito S. Periodontitis and Tooth Loss Have Negative Systemic Impact on Circulating Progenitor Cell Levels: A Clinical Study. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E1022. [PMID: 31817862 PMCID: PMC6947645 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association and impact of periodontitis and tooth loss on a subtype of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) levels (CD133+/KDR+). Furthermore, the objective was to determine if the periodontal status influenced CD133+/KDR+ levels. In all, 88 patients with periodontitis and 79 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the study. Enrolled patients were examined and characterized by clinical and blood sample analysis. Spearman's correlation test was applied in order to assess the interdependence between CD133+/KDR+ levels and all periodontal parameters. In order to estimate a statistically significant trend (p-trend) for ordered CD133++/KDR+ quartiles, the Jonckheere-Terpstra test was applied for all variables. Patients in the periodontitis group presented significantly lower CD133+/KDR+ levels (66.4 (45.5-269.6 cells/µL)) compared to the HC group (76.7 (24.3-313.2 cells/µL), p < 0.001). Lower CD133+/KDR+ levels negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), with the number of teeth, and with all periodontal parameters (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a proportional increase in CD133+/KDR+ levels with a progressive increase in number of teeth (p-trend < 0.001), while there was a proportional decrease in CD133+/KDR+ levels with a proportional increase in clinical attachment level (CAL, p-trend = 0.003), probing depth (PD, p-trend = 0.007), and bleeding sites (bleeding on probing (BOP), p-trend < 0.001) as an extent measure of periodontitis. This study demonstrated that patients with periodontitis presented significantly lower CD133+/KDR+ levels compared to HCs. Moreover, all patients presented an increase in the CD133+/KDR+ EPC levels with an extended level of periodontitis and tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy, (A.L.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy, (A.L.G.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy, (A.L.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economical, Business and Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Romeo Patini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Ferlito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy, (A.L.G.); (A.P.)
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Muraglie S, Leonardi R, Lo Giudice A. Assessment of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Profiles in Saliva and Serum in Patients with Periodontitis and Ischemic Heart Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2956. [PMID: 31817129 PMCID: PMC6950653 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C and antioxidants play a crucial role in endothelial function and may be a link for the known interaction of periodontitis and ischemic heart disease (CAD). This pilot study evaluates the association of gingival health, periodontitis, CAD, or both conditions with salivary and serum vitamin C and antioxidant levels. The clinical and periodontal characteristics, serum, and saliva samples were collected from 36 patients with periodontitis, 35 patients with CAD, 36 patients with periodontitis plus CAD, and 36 healthy controls. Levels of vitamin C, antioxidants, and C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed with a commercially available kit. The median concentrations of salivary and serum vitamin C and antioxidants (α-tocopherol, β-carotene, lutein, and lycopene) were significantly lower in the CAD group (p < 0.001) and in the periodontitis plus CAD group (p < 0.001) compared to periodontitis patients and controls. In univariate models, periodontitis (p = 0.034), CAD (p < 0.001), and hs-CRP (p < 0.001) were significantly negatively associated with serum vitamin C; whereas, in a multivariate model, only hs-CRP remained a significant predictor of serum vitamin C (p < 0.001). In a multivariate model, the significant predictors of salivary vitamin C levels were triglycerides (p = 0.028) and hs-CRP (p < 0.001). Patients with CAD and periodontitis plus CAD presented lower levels of salivary and serum vitamin C compared to healthy subjects and periodontitis patients. hs-CRP was a significant predictor of decreased salivary and serum vitamin C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Simone Muraglie
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy (S.M.); (R.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Nikolaeva EN, Tsarev VN, Tsareva TV, Ippolitov EV, Arutyunov SD. Interrelation of Cardiovascular Diseases with Anaerobic Bacteria of Subgingival Biofilm. Contemp Clin Dent 2019; 10:637-642. [PMID: 32792823 PMCID: PMC7390421 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_84_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study is to study the colonization of subgingival biofilm (SGB) with periodontopathogenic bacteria species and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with coronary heart disease and concomitant periodontitis. Subjects and Methods: Forty-five patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were examined – 28 women (62%) and 17 men (38%) aged 53–76 years, including 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 15 patients with exertional angina (pectoris), and 15 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) without CVD. Dental and cardiological health conditions were determined, a biochemical blood test was conducted, endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the brachial artery was measured, and DNA of periodontopathogenic bacteria in SGB was detected. Results: A reliable interrelation between the colonization of SGB with periodontopathogenic bacteria and development of AMI was established. In AMI patients, the frequency of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans detection was significantly higher than in the group of participants without cardiovascular disease. The presence of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans in patients with CP directly correlated with severity of periodontal tissue destruction. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the brachial artery moderately correlated with patient's cardiological condition (r = 0.3284), biochemical markers of atherosclerosis development (r = 0.6465), and frequency of P. intermedia detection in periodontal pockets (r = 0.3828). Conclusions: Periodontal status in patients with AMI is characterized by unsatisfactory and poor hygiene, increased indices of bleeding on probing, and periodontal pocket depth in comparison to groups of patients with angina pectoris and CP without cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikolaevna Nikolaeva
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Named After A. I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor Nikolaevich Tsarev
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Named After A. I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Viktorovna Tsareva
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Named After A. I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenii Valeryevich Ippolitov
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Named After A. I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Darchoevich Arutyunov
- Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Named After A. I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia
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