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Mao H, Wang R, Shao F, Zhao M, Tian D, Xia H, Zhao Y. HMGCS2 serves as a potential biomarker for inhibition of renal clear cell carcinoma growth. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14629. [PMID: 37670031 PMCID: PMC10480187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) is the rate-limiting enzyme for ketone body synthesis, and most current studies focus on mitochondrial maturation and metabolic reprogramming. The role of HMGCS2 was evaluated in a pan-cancer multi-database using R language, and HMGCS2 was lowly expressed or not differentially expressed in all tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Correlation analysis of clinical case characteristics, genomic heterogeneity, tumor stemness, and overall survival revealed that HMGCS2 is closely related to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC). Single-cell sequencing data from normal human kidneys revealed that HMGCS2 is specifically expressed in proximal tubular cells of normal adults. In addition, HMGCS2 is associated with tumor immune infiltration and microenvironment, and KIRC patients with low expression of HMGCS2 have worse prognosis. Finally, the results of cell counting kit 8 assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis suggested that upregulation of HMGCS2 increased the expression of key tumor suppressor proteins, inhibited the proliferation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells and promoted cell apoptosis. In conclusion, HMGCS2 is abnormally expressed in pan-cancer, may play an important role in anti-tumor immunity, and is expected to be a potential tumor prognostic marker, especially in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Runzhi Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fengling Shao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Science and Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Dayu Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Hua Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, China.
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Amaro F, Carvalho M, Bastos MDL, Guedes de Pinho P, Pinto J. Metabolic signature biomarkers for predicting the recurrence of urological cancers. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 549:117553. [PMID: 37690663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of patients diagnosed with localized urological cancers experience relapse and disease progression after surgery. Hence, molecular markers for patient risk stratification are needed to improve the current management guidelines. This article critically reviews for the first time, to our knowledge, the promise of metabolomics-based approaches to identify metabolic signatures as candidate prognostic biomarkers to predict recurrences at the time of surgery in prostate cancer (PCa), bladder cancer (BCa), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Dysregulations in the levels of several tumoral, circulating, and excreted metabolites have been reported in PCa patients experiencing recurrence within 1.5 to 8 years of follow-up. The combination of these metabolic biomarkers with clinical parameters (e.g., pathological T stage, Gleason score) has shown great potential to improve the predictive ability of PCa recurrence. In contrast, predictive biomarkers of recurrence in BCa and RCC have been poorly explored. Overall, this review highlights the great potential of metabolomics in discovering prognostic biomarkers for a more accurate patient risk stratification in urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Amaro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Pinto
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Lasorsa F, Rutigliano M, Milella M, Ferro M, Pandolfo SD, Crocetto F, Autorino R, Battaglia M, Ditonno P, Lucarelli G. Cancer Stem Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Origins and Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13179. [PMID: 37685983 PMCID: PMC10487877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "cancer stem cell" (CSC) refers to a cancer cell with the following features: clonogenic ability, the expression of stem cell markers, differentiation into cells of different lineages, growth in nonadhesive spheroids, and the in vivo ability to generate serially transplantable tumors that reflect the heterogeneity of primary cancers (tumorigenicity). According to this model, CSCs may arise from normal stem cells, progenitor cells, and/or differentiated cells because of striking genetic/epigenetic mutations or from the fusion of tissue-specific stem cells with circulating bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). CSCs use signaling pathways similar to those controlling cell fate during early embryogenesis (Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), fibroblast growth factors, leukemia inhibitory factor, and transforming growth factor-β). Recent studies identified a subpopulation of CD133+/CD24+ cells from ccRCC specimens that displayed self-renewal ability and clonogenic multipotency. The development of agents targeting CSC signaling-specific pathways and not only surface proteins may ultimately become of utmost importance for patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lasorsa
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Milella
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 71013 Milan, Italy
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Autorino
- Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Zhu M, Li Y, Wang Y, Lin P, Mi J, Zhong W. Multi-omics analysis uncovers clinical, immunological, and pharmacogenomic implications of cuproptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:248. [PMID: 37481601 PMCID: PMC10362584 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The latest research proposed a novel copper-dependent programmed cell death named cuproptosis. We aimed to elucidate the influence of cuproptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from a multi-omic perspective. METHODS This study systematically assessed mRNA expression, methylation, and genetic alterations of cuproptosis genes in TCGA ccRCC samples. Through unsupervised clustering analysis, the samples were classified as different cuproptosis subtypes, which were verified through NTP method in the E-MTAB-1980 dataset. Next, the cuproptosis score (Cuscore) was computed based on cuproptosis-related genes via PCA. We also evaluated clinical and immunogenomic features, drug sensitivity, immunotherapeutic response, and post-transcriptional regulation. RESULTS Cuproptosis genes presented multi-layer alterations in ccRCC, and were linked with patients' survival and immune microenvironment. We defined three cuproptosis subtypes [C1 (moderate cuproptosis), C2 (low cuproptosis), and C3 (high cuproptosis)], and the robustness and reproducibility of this classification was further proven. Overall survival was best in C3, moderate in C1, and worst in C2. C1 had the highest sensitivity to pazopanib, and sorafenib, while C2 was most sensitive to sunitinib. Furthermore, C1 patients benefited more from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Patients with high Cuscore presented the notable survival advantage. Cuscore was highly linked with immunogenomic features, and post-transcriptional events that contributed to ccRCC development. Finally, several potential compounds and druggable targets (NMU, RARRES1) were selected for low Cuscore group. CONCLUSION Overall, our study revealed the non-negligible role of cuproptosis in ccRCC development. Evaluation of the cuproptosis subtypes improves our cognition of immunogenomic features and better guides personalized prognostication and precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshu Zhu
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361101, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361101, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361101, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingli Lin
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361101, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Mi
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361101, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Zhong
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361101, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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55
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Aveta A, Cilio S, Contieri R, Spena G, Napolitano L, Manfredi C, Franco A, Crocerossa F, Cerrato C, Ferro M, Del Giudice F, Verze P, Lasorsa F, Salonia A, Nair R, Walz J, Lucarelli G, Pandolfo SD. Urinary MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Urological Cancers: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10846. [PMID: 37446024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of cancers due to their inherent stability and resilience. To summarize the evidence regarding the role of urinary miRNAs (umiRNAs) in the detection, prognosis, and therapy of genitourinary cancers, we performed a systematic review of the most important scientific databases using the following keywords: (urinary miRNA) AND (prostate cancer); (urinary miRNA) AND (bladder cancer); (urinary miRNA) AND (renal cancer); (urinary miRNA) AND (testicular cancer); (urinary miRNA) AND (urothelial cancer). Of all, 1364 articles were screened. Only original studies in the English language on human specimens were considered for inclusion in our systematic review. Thus, a convenient sample of 60 original articles was identified. UmiRNAs are up- or downregulated in prostate cancer and may serve as potential non-invasive molecular biomarkers. Several umiRNAs have been identified as diagnostic biomarkers of urothelial carcinoma and bladder cancer (BC), allowing us to discriminate malignant from nonmalignant forms of hematuria. UmiRNAs could serve as therapeutic targets or recurrence markers of non-muscle-invasive BC and could predict the aggressivity and prognosis of muscle-invasive BC. In renal cell carcinoma, miRNAs have been identified as predictors of tumor detection, aggressiveness, and progression to metastasis. UmiRNAs could play an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Aveta
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Centre, 13055 Marseille, France
| | - Simone Cilio
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Contieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spena
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Napolitano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Celeste Manfredi
- Unit of Urology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Franco
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "La Sapienza" University, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Crocerossa
- Department of Urology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Clara Cerrato
- Urology Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Verze
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Lasorsa
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Rajesh Nair
- The Urology Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jochen Walz
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Centre, 13055 Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Urology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Fisciano, Italy
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Lasorsa F, Rutigliano M, Milella M, Ferro M, Pandolfo SD, Crocetto F, Tataru OS, Autorino R, Battaglia M, Ditonno P, Lucarelli G. Cellular and Molecular Players in the Tumor Microenvironment of Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3888. [PMID: 37373581 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents the most prevalent type of kidney cancer. Surgery plays a key role in the treatment of this cancer, although one third of patients are diagnosed with metastatic ccRCC and about 25% of patients will develop a recurrence after nephrectomy with curative intent. Molecular-target-based agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), are recommended for advanced cancers. In addition to cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment (TME) includes non-malignant cell types embedded in an altered extracellular matrix (ECM). The evidence confirms that interactions among cancer cells and TME elements exist and are thought to play crucial roles in the development of cancer, making them promising therapeutic targets. In the TME, an unfavorable pH, waste product accumulation, and competition for nutrients between cancer and immune cells may be regarded as further possible mechanisms of immune escape. To enhance immunotherapies and reduce resistance, it is crucial first to understand how the immune cells work and interact with cancer and other cancer-associated cells in such a complex tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lasorsa
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Milella
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 71013 Milan, Italy
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Octavian Sabin Tataru
- Department of Simulation Applied in Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Riccardo Autorino
- Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Chatwal MS, Chahoud J, Spiess PE. Revisiting mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapies in metastatic clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:314-326. [PMID: 37457132 PMCID: PMC10344725 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Though newer therapeutic combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies have greatly improved outcomes, resistance to these therapies is becoming a challenge for long-term control. Mechanisms of resistance have been explored in a variety of solid tumors, including RCC. Based upon our review of the current literature on the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapies for the management of metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (mccRCC), the ensuing conclusions have been made: The management of mccRCC has progressed substantially with the advent of checkpoint inhibitors and targeted oral therapies, alone and/or in combination. Nevertheless, innate or developed resistance to these therapies remains an ongoing challenge, particularly to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Several of the known mechanisms of resistance have been well defined, but recent progression in cellular therapies helps to expand the armamentarium of potential combination options that may overcome these modes of resistance and improve long-term disease control and survival for an otherwise dismal disease. In the ensuing review and update of the literature on the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapies in mccRCC, we have revisited the known resistance mechanisms of immunotherapies in metastatic clear-cell RCC and explored ongoing and future strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sheila Chatwal
- Correspondence to: Dr. Monica Sheila Chatwal, Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL33612, USA. E-mail:
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Liu S, Shi G, Pan Z, Cheng W, Xu L, Lin X, Lin Y, Zhang L, Ji G, Lv X, Wang D. Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis for the Identification of Key lncRNAs, mRNAs, and Potential Drugs in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2063-2080. [PMID: 37275334 PMCID: PMC10238222 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s409711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The overall survival of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is poor. Markers for early detection and progression could improve disease outcomes. This study aims to reveal the potential pathogenesis of ccRCC by integrative bioinformatics analysis and to further develop new therapeutic strategies. Patients and Methods RNA-seq data of 530 ccRCC cases in TCGA were downloaded, and a comprehensive analysis was carried out using bioinformatics tools. Another 14 tissue samples were included to verify the expression of selected lncRNAs by qRT-PCR. DGIdb database was used to screen out potential drugs, and molecular docking was used to explore the interaction and mechanism between candidate drugs and targets. Results A total of 58 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and 660 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified in ccRCC. LINC02038, FAM242C, LINC01762, and PVT1 were identified as the optimal diagnostic lncRNAs, of which PVT1 was significantly correlated with the survival rate of ccRCC. GO analysis of cell components showed that DEmRNAs co-expressed with 4 DElncRNAs were mainly distributed in the extracellular area and the plasma membrane, involved in the transport of metal ions, the transport of proteins across membranes, and the binding of immunoglobulins. Immune infiltration analysis showed that MDSC was the most correlated immune cells with PVT1 and key mRNA SIGLEC8. Validation analysis showed that GABRD, SIGLEC8 and CDKN2A were significantly overexpressed, while ESRRB, ELF5 and UMOD were significantly down-regulated, which was consistent with the expression in our analysis. Furthermore, 84 potential drugs were screened by 6 key mRNAs, of which ABEMACICLIB and RIBOCICLIB were selected for molecular docking with CDKN2A, with stable binding affinity. Conclusion In summary, 4 key lncRNAs and key mRNAs of ccRCC were identified by integrative bioinformatics analysis. Potential drugs were screened for the treatment of ccRCC, providing a new perspective for disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanyun Shi
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengbo Pan
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weisong Cheng
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfei Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingzhang Lin
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Lin
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Ji
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongguo Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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Lee HY, Han KD, Woo IS, Kwon HS. Association of Metabolic Syndrome Components and Nutritional Status with Kidney Cancer in Young Adult Population: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051425. [PMID: 37239096 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with kidney cancer and the impact of age and gender on such an association. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 9,932,670 subjects who had check-ups in 2009 were followed up until the diagnosis of kidney cancer or death or until 2019. Kidney cancer was significantly associated with MetS (HR 1.56). This association was higher in the younger age group (HR: 1.82, 1.5, and 1.37 in 20-39 years, 40-64 years, and ≥65 years, respectively). In terms of the association of kidney cancer with obesity and central obesity, young-aged males showed higher HR for kidney cancer than old-aged ones (HR of obesity: 1.96, 1.52, and 1.25; HR of central obesity: 1.94, 1.53, and 1.3 in 20-39 years, 40-64 years, ≥65 years, respectively), while young-aged females showed lower HR. Kidney cancer was associated with obesity and MetS. The association was higher in younger populations than in older ones. Regarding gender, MetS, obesity, and central obesity showed higher associations with kidney cancer in younger aged male population, while there was no significant difference in such associations according to age in the female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Lee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sook Woo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
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Yasu T, Gando Y, Nishijima R, Ikuta R, Suzuki M, Shirota M. Plasma Cabozantinib Level Measurement in Patients with Renal Cell and Hepatocellular Carcinomas Using a Simple HPLC-UV Method Suitable for Clinical Application. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4871-4879. [PMID: 37232825 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cabozantinib, which is used to treat renal cell and hepatocellular carcinomas, is often associated with dose-dependent adverse events. Monitoring the levels of cabozantinib in the blood may maximize the therapeutic effect and prevent serious adverse events. In this study, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method of measuring plasma cabozantinib concentration. Human plasma samples (50 µL) were processed by simple deproteinization with acetonitrile, followed by chromatographic separation on a reversed-phase column with an isocratic mobile phase of 0.5% KH₂PO4 (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile (43:57, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, with a 250 nm ultraviolet detector. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range (0.05-5 µg/mL) with a coefficient of determination of 0.99999. The accuracy of the assay ranged from -4.35% to 0.98%, and recovery was >96.04%. The measurement time was 9 min. These findings confirm the effectiveness of this HPLC-UV method for cabozantinib quantification in human plasma, which is sufficiently simple for use for monitoring patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Yasu
- Department of Medicinal Therapy Research, Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
- Bokutoh Hospital-Meiji Pharmaceutical University Joint Research Center, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshito Gando
- Department of Medicinal Therapy Research, Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nishijima
- Department of Medicinal Therapy Research, Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Risa Ikuta
- Bokutoh Hospital-Meiji Pharmaceutical University Joint Research Center, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
| | - Motofumi Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
| | - Mikio Shirota
- Bokutoh Hospital-Meiji Pharmaceutical University Joint Research Center, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
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Napolitano L, Manfredi C, Cirillo L, Fusco GM, Passaro F, Abate M, La Rocca R, Mastrangelo F, Spirito L, Pandolfo SD, Crocetto F, Arcaniolo D, Barone B. Cytoreductive Nephrectomy and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040767. [PMID: 37109725 PMCID: PMC10143323 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, several treatments have been proposed for the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Among these, cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) represents a controversial and open issue in the era of targeted therapy and novel immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Two important studies, CARMENA and SURTIME, analyzed therapy with sunitinib with or without CN, and immediate CN followed by sunitinib versus a deferred CN after three cycles of sunitinib, respectively. CARMENA showed the non-inferiority of sunitinib alone versus sunitinib plus CN, whereas SURTIME showed no difference in progression-free survival (PFS), but a better median OS among patients with deferred CN. Therefore, more prospective clinical trials and appropriate patient identification are necessary to support CN in this new scenario. This review provides a snapshot of the current evidence for CN in mRCC, discusses the management strategies, and offers perspectives on the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Napolitano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Celeste Manfredi
- Unit of Urology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria Fusco
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Passaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Abate
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto La Rocca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Mastrangelo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spirito
- Unit of Urology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Arcaniolo
- Unit of Urology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Barone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
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Zheng J, Li YZ, Ni WJ, Hou SM, Lu KQ, Yan Y, Ren LQ, Liu BC, Wang B. Comprehensive Analysis of the Roles of Fatty Acid Transport Related Proteins in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 167:106732. [PMID: 37044156 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the clinical significance of fatty acid transport-related protein (FATRP) in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC). METHODS RNA-seq data and corresponding clinical data of ccRCC were obtained from TCGA data portal. Seventeen key FATRP genes were comprehensively investigated using bioinformatics approaches to systematically investigate their expression patterns in ccRCC. In addition, the correlation between the expression levels of these genes and clinicopathological features in ccRCC was further explored. RESULTS Among the 17 key FATRP genes, only FABP5, FABP6, and FABP7 could be regarded as ideal biomarkers for ccRCC, as they were highly expressed in ccRCC tumor tissues, and positively correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis. FABP6 had the highest copy number variations (CNV) events (63.07%), and ccRCC patients with FABP6 amplification had a better prognosis than the unaltered group. DNA methylation levels of FABP6 and FABP7 were downregulated in ccRCC tumor tissues compared to those in normal tissues. FABP5 showed the opposite results. Moreover, a novel four FATRP gene (FABP1, FABP5, FABP7, FATP2) and three clinical parameter (age, stage, and grade) prediction model was constructed and that comprised a significant independent prognostic signature. CONCLUSIONS Only a few FATRP genes are upregulated in ccRCC tumor tissue, and positively correlate with tumor progression and poor prognosis. The accuracy of a single gene of these FATRP genes as predictors of progression and prognosis of ccRCC is limited. The performance of the novel prediction model proposed by this study was much better than that of any single gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gerontology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Zhi Li
- Department of Gerontology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Jie Ni
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Mei Hou
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke-Qi Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Qun Ren
- Department of Gerontology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Lasorsa F, di Meo NA, Rutigliano M, Milella M, Ferro M, Pandolfo SD, Crocetto F, Tataru OS, Autorino R, Battaglia M, Ditonno P, Lucarelli G. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Basis and Rationale for Their Use in Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041071. [PMID: 37189689 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the seventh most common cancer in men and the ninth most common cancer in women worldwide. There is plenty of evidence about the role of the immune system in surveillance against tumors. Thanks to a better understanding of immunosurveillance mechanisms, immunotherapy has been introduced as a promising cancer treatment in recent years. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has long been thought chemoresistant but highly immunogenic. Considering that up to 30% of the patients present metastatic disease at diagnosis, and around 20–30% of patients undergoing surgery will suffer recurrence, we need to identify novel therapeutic targets. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the clinical management of RCC has revolutionized the therapeutic approach against this tumor. Several clinical trials have shown that therapy with ICIs in combination or ICIs and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor has a very good response rate. In this review article we summarize the mechanisms of immunity modulation and immune checkpoints in RCC and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies in renal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lasorsa
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio di Meo
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Milella
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Octavian Sabin Tataru
- The Institution Organizing University Doctoral Studies (I.O.S.U.D.), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Riccardo Autorino
- Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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64
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054914. [PMID: 36902344 PMCID: PMC10003093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle exerting crucial functions in protein production, metabolism homeostasis and cell signaling. Endoplasmic reticulum stress occurs when cells are damaged and the capacity of this organelle to perform its normal functions is reduced. Subsequently, specific signaling cascades, together forming the so-called unfolded protein response, are activated and deeply impact cell fate. In normal renal cells, these molecular pathways strive to either resolve cell injury or activate cell death, depending on the extent of cell damage. Therefore, the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway was suggested as an interesting therapeutic strategy for pathologies such as cancer. However, renal cancer cells are known to hijack these stress mechanisms and exploit them to their advantage in order to promote their survival through rewiring of their metabolism, activation of oxidative stress responses, autophagy, inhibition of apoptosis and senescence. Recent data strongly suggest that a certain threshold of endoplasmic reticulum stress activation needs to be attained in cancer cells in order to shift endoplasmic reticulum stress responses from a pro-survival to a pro-apoptotic outcome. Several endoplasmic reticulum stress pharmacological modulators of interest for therapeutic purposes are already available, but only a handful were tested in the case of renal carcinoma, and their effects in an in vivo setting remain poorly known. This review discusses the relevance of endoplasmic reticulum stress activation or suppression in renal cancer cell progression and the therapeutic potential of targeting this cellular process for this cancer.
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MUC1 Expression Affects the Immunoflogosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Microenvironment through Complement System Activation and Immune Infiltrate Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054814. [PMID: 36902242 PMCID: PMC10003656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin1 (MUC1), a glycoprotein associated with an aggressive cancer phenotype and chemoresistance, is aberrantly overexpressed in a subset of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Recent studies suggest that MUC1 plays a role in modulating cancer cell metabolism, but its role in regulating immunoflogosis in the tumor microenvironment remains poorly understood. In a previous study, we showed that pentraxin-3 (PTX3) can affect the immunoflogosis in the ccRCC microenvironment by activating the classical pathway of the complement system (C1q) and releasing proangiogenic factors (C3a, C5a). In this scenario, we evaluated the PTX3 expression and analyzed the potential role of complement system activation on tumor site and immune microenvironment modulation, stratifying samples in tumors with high (MUC1H) versus tumors with low MUC1 expression (MUC1L). We found that PTX3 tissue expression was significantly higher in MUC1H ccRCC. In addition, C1q deposition and the expressions of CD59, C3aR, and C5aR were extensively present in MUC1H ccRCC tissue samples and colocalized with PTX3. Finally, MUC1 expression was associated with an increased number of infiltrating mast cells, M2-macrophage, and IDO1+ cells, and a reduced number of CD8+ T cells. Taken together, our results suggest that expression of MUC1 can modulate the immunoflogosis in the ccRCC microenvironment by activating the classical pathway of the complement system and regulating the immune infiltrate, promoting an immune-silent microenvironment.
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Ferro M, Musi G, Marchioni M, Maggi M, Veccia A, Del Giudice F, Barone B, Crocetto F, Lasorsa F, Antonelli A, Schips L, Autorino R, Busetto GM, Terracciano D, Lucarelli G, Tataru OS. Radiogenomics in Renal Cancer Management-Current Evidence and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4615. [PMID: 36902045 PMCID: PMC10003020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cancer management is challenging from diagnosis to treatment and follow-up. In cases of small renal masses and cystic lesions the differential diagnosis of benign or malignant tissues has potential pitfalls when imaging or even renal biopsy is applied. The recent artificial intelligence, imaging techniques, and genomics advancements have the ability to help clinicians set the stratification risk, treatment selection, follow-up strategy, and prognosis of the disease. The combination of radiomics features and genomics data has achieved good results but is currently limited by the retrospective design and the small number of patients included in clinical trials. The road ahead for radiogenomics is open to new, well-designed prospective studies, with large cohorts of patients required to validate previously obtained results and enter clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Musi
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Marchioni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Urology Unit, SS. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Urology, ASL Abruzzo 2, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Martina Maggi
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Veccia
- Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio Barone
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Lasorsa
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Schips
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Urology Unit, SS. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Urology, ASL Abruzzo 2, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Octavian Sabin Tataru
- Department of Simulation Applied in Medicine, The Institution Organizing University Doctoral Studies (I.O.S.U.D.), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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Lipids as Targets for Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043272. [PMID: 36834678 PMCID: PMC9963825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer is among the top ten most common cancers to date. Within the kidney, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common solid lesion occurring. While various risk factors are suspected, including unhealthy lifestyle, age, and ethnicity, genetic mutations seem to be a key risk factor. In particular, mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau gene (Vhl) have attracted a lot of interest since this gene regulates the hypoxia inducible transcription factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α, which in turn drive the transcription of many genes that are important for renal cancer growth and progression, including genes involved in lipid metabolism and signaling. Recent data suggest that HIF-1/2 are themselves regulated by bioactive lipids which make the connection between lipids and renal cancer obvious. This review will summarize the effects and contributions of the different classes of bioactive lipids, including sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids, eicosanoids, free fatty acids, cannabinoids, and cholesterol to renal carcinoma progression. Novel pharmacological strategies interfering with lipid signaling to treat renal cancer will be highlighted.
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68
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John A, Spain L, Hamid AA. Navigating the Current Landscape of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of the Literature. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:923-937. [PMID: 36661719 PMCID: PMC9858145 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) is an entity comprised of a heterogeneous constellation of RCC subtypes. Genomic profiling has broadened our understanding of molecular pathogenic mechanisms unique to individual nccRCC subtypes. To date, clinical trials evaluating the use of immunotherapies and targeted therapies have predominantly been conducted in patients with clear cell histology. A comprehensive review of the literature has been undertaken in order to describe molecular pathogenic mechanisms pertaining to each nccRCC subtype, and concisely summarise findings from therapeutic trials conducted in the nccRCC space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexius John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC 3128, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lavinia Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Anis A. Hamid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC 3128, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3128, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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69
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Druggable Biomarkers Altered in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Strategy for the Development of Mechanism-Based Combination Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020902. [PMID: 36674417 PMCID: PMC9864911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapeutics made significant advances in the treatment of patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Resistance and serious adverse events associated with standard therapy of patients with advanced ccRCC highlight the need to identify alternative 'druggable' targets to those currently under clinical development. Although the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and Polybromo1 (PBRM1) tumor-suppressor genes are the two most frequently mutated genes and represent the hallmark of the ccRCC phenotype, stable expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/2α (HIFs), microRNAs-210 and -155 (miRS), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) are targets overexpressed in the majority of ccRCC tumors. Collectively, these altered biomarkers are highly interactive and are considered master regulators of processes implicated in increased tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune evasion. In recognition of the therapeutic potential of the indicated biomarkers, considerable efforts are underway to develop therapeutically effective and selective inhibitors of individual targets. It was demonstrated that HIFS, miRS, Nrf2, and TGF-ß are targeted by a defined dose and schedule of a specific type of selenium-containing molecules, seleno-L-methionine (SLM) and methylselenocystein (MSC). Collectively, the demonstrated pleiotropic effects of selenium were associated with the normalization of tumor vasculature, and enhanced drug delivery and distribution to tumor tissue, resulting in enhanced efficacy of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs and biologically targeted molecules. Higher selenium doses than those used in clinical prevention trials inhibit multiple targets altered in ccRCC tumors, which could offer the potential for the development of a new and novel therapeutic modality for cancer patients with similar selenium target expression. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of selenium modulation of specific targets altered in ccRCC could potentially have a significant impact on the development of a more efficacious and selective mechanism-based combination for the treatment of patients with cancer.
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70
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Yang L, Xiong J, Li S, Liu X, Deng W, Liu W, Fu B. Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming-mediated immunogenic cell death reveals immune and prognostic features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1146657. [PMID: 37213288 PMCID: PMC10196130 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1146657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming (MMR)-mediated immunogenic cell death (ICD) is closely related to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our purpose was to reveal the TME characteristics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by using them. Methods Target genes were obtained by intersecting ccRCC differentially expressed genes (DEGs, tumor VS normal) with MMR and ICD-related genes. For the risk model, univariate COX regression and K-M survival analysis were used to identify genes most associated with overall survival (OS). Differences in the TME, function, tumor mutational load (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) between high and low-risk groups were subsequently compared. Using risk scores and clinical variables, a nomogram was constructed. Predictive performance was evaluated by calibration plots and receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Results We screened 140 DEGs, including 12 prognostic genes for the construction of risk models. We found that the immune score, immune cell infiltration abundance, and TMB and MSI scores were higher in the high-risk group. Thus, high-risk populations would benefit more from immunotherapy. We also identified the three genes (CENPA, TIMP1, and MYCN) as potential therapeutic targets, of which MYCN is a novel biomarker. Additionally, the nomogram performed well in both TCGA (1-year AUC=0.862) and E-MTAB-1980 cohorts (1-year AUC=0.909). Conclusions Our model and nomogram allow accurate prediction of patients' prognoses and immunotherapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Fu
- *Correspondence: Bin Fu, ; Weipeng Liu,
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