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The Azadirachta indica (Neem) Seed Oil Reduced Chronic Redox-Homeostasis Imbalance in a Mice Experimental Model on Ochratoxine A-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091678. [PMID: 36139752 PMCID: PMC9495949 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver damage severity depends on both the dose and the exposure duration. Oxidative stress may increase the Ochratoxine-A (OTA) hepatotoxicity and many antioxidants may counteract toxic liver function. The present study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of Azadirachta indicaA (A. indica; neem oil) seed oil to reduce acute oxidative disorders and residual OTA toxicity in a 28-day experimental model. The activity of antioxidant and hepatic enzymes, cytokines and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers –MDA, GSPx, Hydroxiproline, GST, PCC, AGEs, PGC-1, and STIR-1 were analyzed by ELISA. The free radicals ROS and RNS levels were measured by EPR. The protective effects were studied in BALB/C mice treated with A. indica seed oil (170 mg/kg), alone and in combination with OTA (1.25 mg/kg), by gavage daily for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, mice treated with OTA showed changes in liver and antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress parameters in the liver and blood. A. indica oil significantly reduced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation compared to the OTA group. In addition, the hepatic histological evaluation showed significant adipose tissue accumulation in OTA-treated tissues, while treatment with 170 mg/kg A. indica oil showed moderate adipose tissue accumulation.
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52
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Cytoprotective Activity of Newly Synthesized 3-(Arylmethylamino)-6-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridin-2(1H)-Ones Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175362. [PMID: 36080132 PMCID: PMC9458246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, studies are being conducted on the possible role of the cytoprotective effect of biologically active substances in conditions of cerebral hypoxia or cardiomyopathies. At the same time, oxidative stress is considered one of the important mechanisms of cellular cytotoxicity and a target for the action of cytoprotectors. The aim of this study is to search for derivatives of 3-(arylmethylamino)-6-methyl-4-phenylpyridin-2(1H)-ones. The probability of cytoprotective action was assessed by measuring cell viability using two tests (with neutral red dye and MTT test). It was found that some derivatives of 3-(arylmethylamino)-6-methyl-4-phenylpyridin-2(1H)-ones under the conditions of our experiment had a pronounced cytoprotective activity, providing better cell survival in vitro, including the MTT test and conditions of blood hyperviscosity. To correlate the obtained results in vitro, molecular docking of the synthesized derivatives was also carried out. The standard drug omeprazole (co-crystallized with the enzyme) was used as a standard. It was shown that all synthesized derivatives of 3-(arylmethylamino)-6-methyl-4-phenylpyridin-2(1H)-ones had higher affinity for the selected protein than the standard gastro-cytoprotector omeprazole. The studied derivatives of 3-(arylmethylamino)-6-methyl-4-phenylpyridin-2(1H)-ones also fully satisfy Lipinski’s rule of five (RO5), which increases their chances for possible use as orally active drugs with good absorption ability and moderate lipophilicity. Thus, the results obtained make it possible to evaluate derivatives of 3-(arylmethylamino)-6-methyl-4-phenylpyridin-2(1H)-ones as having a relatively high cytoprotective potential.
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53
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Spectroscopic and tensiometric considerations on anionic surfactants (SDS) and ascorbic acid/ascorbates interactions. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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54
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Study of the Antioxidative Effects of Bombyx mori Silk Sericin in Cultures of Murine Retinal Photoreceptor Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144635. [PMID: 35889503 PMCID: PMC9315601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of natural substances able to fulfill the role of antioxidants in a physiologic environment is important for the development of therapies against diseases associated with excessive production of reactive oxygen species and ensuing oxidative stress. Antioxidant properties have been reported episodically for sericin, a proteinaceous constituent of the silk thread in the cocoons generated by the larvae of the Lepidoptera order. We investigated the sericin fractions isolated from the cocoons spun by the domesticated (Bombyx mori) silkworm. Three fractions were isolated and evaluated, including two peptidoid fractions, the crude sericin and the purified (dialyzed) sericin, and the non-peptidoid methanolic extract of the crude fraction. When subjected to Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, the extract showed much higher antioxidant capacity as compared to the crude or purified sericin fractions. The three fractions were also evaluated in cultures of murine retinal photoreceptor cells (661 W), a cell line that is highly susceptible to oxidants and is crucially involved in the retinopathies primarily caused by oxidative stress. The extract displayed a significant dose-dependent protective effect on the cultured cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. In identical conditions, the crude sericin showed a certain level of antioxidative activity at a higher concentration, while the purified sericin did not show any activity. We concluded that the non-peptidoid components accompanying sericin were chiefly responsible for the previously reported antioxidant capacity associated with sericin fractions, a conclusion supported by the qualitative detection of flavonoids in the extract but not in the purified sericin fraction.
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Izza N, Watanabe N, Okamoto Y, Wibisono Y, Umakoshi H. Characterization of entrapment behavior of polyphenols in nanostructured lipid carriers and its effect on their antioxidative activity. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:269-275. [PMID: 35810136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are widely used as antioxidant agents to protect human health. Resveratrol, kaempferol, and quercetin have been reported to have potent antioxidant activity; however, these compounds have many problems related to their practical application, such as instability and insolubility. Thus, a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was utilized as a drug delivery system (DDS) to overcome these limitations. This study investigated the particle stability, drug loading performance, and antioxidant activity of polyphenols-incorporated NLCs. The particle size and distribution were suitable for DDS applications, and all the samples demonstrated good stability after 2 months of storage. Based on Raman spectroscopy analysis, polyphenols were successfully encapsulated in NLCs. Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that NLCs could load resveratrol more than kaempferol and quercetin. In addition, NLCs have successfully improved all the antioxidant activity per unit concentration of polyphenol (specific antioxidant activity) compared to the free polyphenols. Quercetin-incorporated NLCs showed the highest specific antioxidant activity. This result is the opposite of entrapment efficiency and actual antioxidant activity, most likely influenced by the location of entrapped polyphenol molecules. As it was performed, NLCs are highly recommended to be applied as an antioxidant delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni'matul Izza
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; Bioprocess Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nozomi Watanabe
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Okamoto
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yusuf Wibisono
- Bioprocess Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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Zhang Q, Yang T, Li D, Ma M, Liang X, Ma Z, Ye Q, Yang H, Li M, Qu A, Chen Y. The synergistic effect of
Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels
and
Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC
. on antioxidant activity and protective ability against cell injury. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14196. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Zhang
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Singwong Asia Pacific and Jinan University Joint R & D Center Guangzhou China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Singwong Asia Pacific and Jinan University Joint R & D Center Guangzhou China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Singwong Asia Pacific and Jinan University Joint R & D Center Guangzhou China
| | - Mengyu Ma
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Zixing Ma
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Qianglong Ye
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Hantao Yang
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Minghui Li
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Ailan Qu
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Singwong Asia Pacific and Jinan University Joint R & D Center Guangzhou China
| | - Yao Chen
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
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Research progress of Lycium barbarum L. as functional food: phytochemical composition and health benefits. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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58
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Study of interaction between cationic surfactant (CTAB) and ascorbic acid/ascorbic acids derivatives by tensiometric and spectroscopic methods. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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59
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Ordaz‐Rodríguez SB, Abadía‐García L, Huerta‐Manzanilla EL, Mendoza‐Sánchez M. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of pomegranate peel antioxidants: a green process to obtain a meat preservative. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Betzabe Ordaz‐Rodríguez
- Research and Graduate Studies in Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Autonomous University of Queretaro C.U., Cerro de las Campanas, S/N. Queretaro, Queretaro.76010 Mexico
| | - Lucía Abadía‐García
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry Autonomous University of Queretaro C.U., Cerro de las Campanas, S/N. Queretaro, Queretaro.76010 Mexico
| | - Eric Leonardo Huerta‐Manzanilla
- Research and Graduate Studies in Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Autonomous University of Queretaro C.U., Cerro de las Campanas, S/N. Queretaro, Queretaro.76010 Mexico
| | - Magdalena Mendoza‐Sánchez
- Research and Graduate Studies in Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Autonomous University of Queretaro C.U., Cerro de las Campanas, S/N. Queretaro, Queretaro.76010 Mexico
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60
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El-Sayed DS, Elbadawy HA, Khalil TE. Rational modulation of N and O binding in Fe(III) complex formation derived from hydroxychloroquine: Synthesis, spectroscopic, computational, and docking simulation with human thrombin plasma. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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61
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Chtioui W, Balmas V, Delogu G, Migheli Q, Oufensou S. Bioprospecting Phenols as Inhibitors of Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium: Sustainable Approaches to the Management of Wheat Pathogens. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:72. [PMID: 35202101 PMCID: PMC8875213 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium spp. are ubiquitous fungi able to cause Fusarium head blight and Fusarium foot and root rot on wheat. Among relevant pathogenic species, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum cause significant yield and quality loss and result in contamination of the grain with mycotoxins, mainly type B trichothecenes, which are a major health concern for humans and animals. Phenolic compounds of natural origin are being increasingly explored as fungicides on those pathogens. This review summarizes recent research activities related to the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activity of natural phenolic compounds against Fusarium, including studies into the mechanisms of action of major exogenous phenolic inhibitors, their structure-activity interaction, and the combined effect of these compounds with other natural products or with conventional fungicides in mycotoxin modulation. The role of high-throughput analysis tools to decipher key signaling molecules able to modulate the production of mycotoxins and the development of sustainable formulations enhancing potential inhibitors' efficacy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Chtioui
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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62
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Rahman N, Sabang SM, Abdullah R, Bohari B. Antioxidant properties of the methanolic extract of avocado fruit peel ( Persea americana Mill.) from Indonesia. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:166-170. [PMID: 35935697 PMCID: PMC9355060 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_22_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the antioxidant activity and the phytochemical substances in avocado fruit peel extracted with methanol. In this study, antioxidant activity was determined by IC50 based on the regression value of DPPH free radicals' inhibition. Phytochemical content was measured qualitatively concerning the total content of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. Our measurements showed that the methanolic extract of avocado fruit peels from Indonesia had the value of each phytochemical compound as follows: total phenol was 21.833 ± 0.118 mg/100 g extract; total flavonoids were 2.607 ± 0.111 mg/100 g extract; total tannin was 38.357 ± 0.202; saponin content was 8.874% ± 0.031%; and total alkaloid was 9.95 ± 0.035 mg CE/g extract. They then provided the antioxidant activity in IC50, which reached 185.891 ± 1.598 ppm. Avocado fruit peels are identified as a phytochemical source that contributes to antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdin Rahman
- Department of Nutrition, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
| | | | - Rukman Abdullah
- Department of Medical Education, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Bohari Bohari
- Department of Nutrition, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Banten, Indonesia,Address for correspondence: Mr. Bohari Bohari, Persada Banten Blok A6 No 27, City of Serang, Banten, Indonesia. E-mail:
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63
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Owczarek A, Kołodziejczyk-Czepas J, Marczuk P, Siwek J, Wąsowicz K, Olszewska MA. Bioactivity Potential of Aesculus hippocastanum L. Flower: Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and Protective Effects on Human Plasma Components under Oxidative/Nitrative Stress In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121301. [PMID: 34959702 PMCID: PMC8706066 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) flower is a traditional medicine applied to alleviate symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). However, its flavonoid-based composition has not been sufficiently recognized, and the data supporting its traditional application are lacking. In the work, 43 constituents were detected by UHPLC-PDA-ESI-TQ-MS/MS (flavonoids, phenolic acids, flavanols, and coumarins), including 31 reported in the flower for the first time. The quantitative HPLC-PDA study (developed and validated for quality control purposes) indicated the fractionated extraction as an efficient method for enhancing the total polyphenol content (TPHC) in the extracts (up to 414.06 mg/g) and kaempferol glycosides as their dominant constituents (75.05-82.14% TPHC). The activity studies showed significant scavenging properties of the extracts and their constituents towards reactive oxygen species (especially against highly reactive hydroxyl radical, with capacities up to 7.85 mmol ascorbic acid equivalents/g). Moreover, the analytes relevantly protected human plasma biomolecules from peroxynitrite-induced oxidative/nitrative damage; at 1-50 µg/mL, they hindered the protein nitration and lipid peroxidation, decreasing the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine (by up to 50%) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (by up to 70%), respectively. The extracts also averted the depletion of plasma thiols (by up to 67%) and improved the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity of plasma. The demonstrated mechanisms might be partly responsible for the efficacy of the flower in CVI. Additionally, the anti-aggregatory and anticoagulant properties of the extracts were found only mild or negligible, which suggests that they may be safely applied with drugs impacting the coagulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (M.A.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Kołodziejczyk-Czepas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.-C.); (P.M.)
| | - Paulina Marczuk
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.-C.); (P.M.)
| | - Julia Siwek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Katarzyna Wąsowicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Monika Anna Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (M.A.O.)
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64
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Gonçalves AC, Flores-Félix JD, Costa AR, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Hepatoprotective Effects of Sweet Cherry Extracts (cv. Saco). Foods 2021; 10:foods10112623. [PMID: 34828905 PMCID: PMC8621173 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide. Among cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most prevalent. Evidence indicates that the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables can prevent the onset of various cancers due to the presence of bioactive compounds. Sweet cherries are known for their richness in phenolics, including anthocyanins, which are the major constituents, and presumably, the key contributors to their biological activity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of three different cherry fractions on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells viability and effectiveness to improve the redox status of these cells under oxidative damage induced by nitric oxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Phenolic characterization of fractions was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated that enriched phenolic fractions of sweet cherries (cv. Saco, can impair cell viability and suppress cells growth after 72 h of exposure, promoting necrosis at the highest tested concentrations (>50 µg/mL). Additionally, fractions also showed the capacity to protect these cells against oxidative injury by capturing radicals before they can attack cells’ membrane and by modulating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, as demonstrated by bioinformatic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - José D. Flores-Félix
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Ana R. Costa
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-077
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65
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Olszewska MA, Owczarek A, Magiera A, Granica S, Michel P. Screening for the Active Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Polyphenols of Gaultheria procumbens and Their Application for Standardisation: From Identification through Cellular Studies to Quantitative Determination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111532. [PMID: 34768963 PMCID: PMC8583782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerial parts, leaves, and stems of Gaultheria procumbens are polyphenol-rich herbal medicines with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study focused on identifying active markers of the G. procumbens extracts in an integrated approach combining phytochemical and biological capacity tests. The target compounds, representing all classes of Gaultheria polyphenols, were pre-selected by LC-ESI-PDA-MS/MS. For unambiguous identification, the key analytes, including a rare procyanidin trimer (cinnamtannin B-1), miquelianin potassium salt, and two new natural products: quercetin and kaempferol 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucuronopyranosides, were isolated by preparative HPLC and investigated by spectroscopy (HR-ESI-MS, UV-vis, CD, 1D- and 2D-NMR), thiolysis, flame photometry, optical rotation experiments, and absolute configuration studies. The significant contribution of the pre-selected compounds to the biological effects of the extracts was confirmed in vitro: the analytes significantly and in a dose-dependent manner down-regulated the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory functions of human neutrophils ex vivo (inhibited the release of reactive oxygen species, IL-1β, TNF-α, and neutrophils elastase, ELA-2), inhibited two key pro-inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase, COX-2, and hyaluronidase), and most of them, except gaultherin, exerted potent direct antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power and superoxide anion scavenging capacity). Moreover, cellular safety was confirmed for all compounds by flow cytometry. Eventually, as these mechanisms have been connected to the health benefits of G. procumbens, 11 polyphenols were accepted as active markers, and a simple, accurate, reproducible, and fully validated RP-HPLC-PDA method for standardisation of the target extracts was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Anna Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.A.O.); (A.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.A.O.); (A.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Magiera
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.A.O.); (A.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Michel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.A.O.); (A.O.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426779169
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Density functional theory studies of the antioxidants-a review. J Mol Model 2021; 27:271. [PMID: 34463834 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The following review article attempts to compare the antioxidant activity of the compounds. For this purpose, density functional theory/Becke three-parameter Lee-Yang-Parr (DFT/B3LYP) methodology was carried out instead of using pharmacological methodologies because of economic benefits and high accuracy. This methodology filtrates the compounds with the lowest antioxidant activity. At first, the Koopmans' theorem was carried out to calculate some descriptors to compare antioxidants. The energy of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) was accepted as the best indicator, and then some studies confirmed that the highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy gap is the more precise descriptor. Although it would be better to compare spin density distribution (SDD) on the oxygen of the corresponding radical in the polarizable continuum model (PCM) to evaluate their capability to chain reaction inhibition. Next, it was mentioned that in the multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs), the antioxidant is connected to other moieties in para positions to create better antioxidants or novel hybrid compounds. Indeed, SDD was introduced as a descriptor for MTDL antioxidant effectiveness. Then, the relation between antioxidants and aromaticity was investigated. The more the aromaticity of an antioxidant, the more stable the corresponding radical is. Subsequently, in preferred antioxidant activity, it was defined that the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism is more favored in metabolism phase I. It has been seen that the solvent model can change the antioxidant mechanism. Therefore, the solvent model is more important than the chemical structure of antioxidants, and an ideal antioxidant should be evaluated in PCM for pharmacological evaluations.
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Kowalczyk M, Golonko A, Świsłocka R, Kalinowska M, Parcheta M, Swiergiel A, Lewandowski W. Drug Design Strategies for the Treatment of Viral Disease. Plant Phenolic Compounds and Their Derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:709104. [PMID: 34393787 PMCID: PMC8363300 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.709104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic (SARS CoV-2) that has existed for over a year, constantly forces scientists to search for drugs against this virus. In silico research and selected experimental data have shown that compounds of natural origin such as phenolic acids and flavonoids have promising antiviral potential. Phenolic compounds inhibit multiplication of viruses at various stages of the viral life cycle, e.g., attachment (disturbance of the interaction between cellular and viral receptors), penetration (inhibition of viral pseudo-particle fusion to the host membrane), replication (inhibition of integrase and 3C-like protease), assembly and maturation (inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity hydrolysis) and release (inhibition of secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB) from infected cells). Phenolic compounds also indirectly influence on the viral life cycle by affecting the host cell's biochemical processes that viruses use for their own benefit. Phenolic compounds may inhibit the proteasomes and cellular deubiquitinating activity that causes an increase in the ubiquitinated proteins level in host cells. This, in turn, contributes to the lowering the available ubiquitin molecules that viruses could use for their own replication. One of the drug design strategy for the treatment of viral diseases may be an enhancement of the antiviral properties of phenolic compounds by metal complexation. Many studies have shown that the presence of a metal ion in the structure can significantly affect the affinity of the compound to key structural elements of the SARS CoV-2, such as Mpro protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and spike protein. We believe that in the era of coronavirus pandemic, it is necessary to reconsider the search for therapeutics among well-known compounds of plant origin and their metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Golonko
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Świsłocka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Kalinowska
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Parcheta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Artur Swiergiel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Characteristics of Newly Developed Extruded Products Supplemented with Plants in a Form of Microwave-Expanded Snacks. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112791. [PMID: 34073919 PMCID: PMC8197324 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The following research focuses on the possibility of applying fresh plant material as a carrot pulp to supplement newly developed extruded products in the form of pellets and microwave-expanded snacks. Fresh carrot pulp, as a valuable vegetable ingredient, was used in the amount of 2.5 g/100 g to 30.0 g/100 g in a potato-based recipe. The snack pellets were processed via extrusion-cooking, using a single-screw extruder with a plasticizing unit L/D = 18, and the use of variable screw speeds. The produced pellets underwent microwave expansion to limit the fat content, so as to produce ready-to-eat (RTE) snacks. The pellets and snacks were tested for nutritional value, as well as for selected quality features: physical properties, structure, pasting characteristics, and texture profile, and PCA analysis and a correlation matrix were performed on the obtained results. Microwave expansion of pellets increased the total phenolic content, the antioxidant activity, water absorption index and lightness of snacks, but decreased the bulk density and setback values of the expanded products when compared to pellets. Generally, we found that it was possible to use up to 30.0 g/100 g of fresh carrot pulp with a positive effect on nutritional value, and without negative effects on the physical properties of extruded products. Both the extrusion-cooking and microwave expansion can minimize the negative impact on plant materials, due to the short processing time.
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