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Costunolide enhances doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via activated mitogen-activated protein kinases and generation of reactive oxygen species. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107701-107715. [PMID: 29296199 PMCID: PMC5746101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is challenging, attributable to a lack of efficacious therapies. Chemotherapy is one of the most important treatments for CRPC. Doxorubicin has been extensively used in many different tumors and is often combined with other drugs to enhance effects and reduce toxicity. Costunolide is a natural sesquiterpene lactone with anti-cancer properties. In this study, we first demonstrated that the combination of costunolide and doxorubicin induced apoptosis significantly more than either drug alone in prostate cancer cell lines. Costunolide combined with doxorubicin induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. We found that this drug combination significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, which play upstream roles in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Further studies showed that N-acetyl cysteine blocked JNK and p38 phosphorylation, suggesting that ROS were upstream activators of JNK and p38. However, a JNK inhibitor, but not a p38 inhibitor, blocked the increase in ROS observed in cells treated with a combination of costunolide and doxorubicin, suggesting that ROS and JNK could activate each other. In vivo, inhibition of tumor growth and induction of apoptosis were greater in mice treated with the costunolide and doxorubicin combination than in mice treated with either drug alone, without an increase in toxicity. Therefore, we suggested that costunolide in combination with doxorubicin was a new potential chemotherapeutic strategy for treating prostate cancer.
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Costunolide specifically binds and inhibits thioredoxin reductase 1 to induce apoptosis in colon cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 412:46-58. [PMID: 29037867 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. A natural sesquiterpene lactone, costunolide (CTD), showed inhibition of cancer development. However, the underlying mechanisms are not known. Here, we have examined the therapeutic activity and novel mechanisms of the anti-cancer activities of CTD in colon cancer cells. Using SPR analysis and enzyme activity assay on recombinant TrxR1 protein, our results show that CTD directly binds and inhibits the activity of TrxR1, which caused enhanced generation of ROS and led to ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Overexpression of TrxR1 in HCT116 cells reversed CTD-induced cell apoptosis and ROS increase. CTD treatment of mice implanted with colon cancer cells showed tumor growth inhibition and reduced TrxR1 activity and ROS level. In addition, it was observed that TrxR1 was significantly up-regulated in existing colon cancer gene database and clinically obtained colon cancer tissues. Our studies have uncovered the mechanism underlying the biological activity of CTD in colon cancer and suggest that targeting TrxR1 may prove to be beneficial as a treatment option.
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Singireesu SSNR, Misra S, Mondal SK, Yerramsetty S, Sahu N, K SB. Costunolide induces micronuclei formation, chromosomal aberrations, cytostasis, and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 34:125-142. [PMID: 28914393 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Costunolide (CE) is a sesquiterpene lactone well-known for its antihepatotoxic, antiulcer, and anticancer activities. The present study focused on the evaluation of the cytogenetic toxicity and cellular death-inducing potential of CE in CHO cells, an epithelial cell line derived from normal ovary cells of Chinese hamster. The cytotoxic effect denoting MTT assay has shown an IC50 value of 7.56 μM CE, where 50% proliferation inhibition occurs. The oxidative stress caused by CE was confirmed based on GSH depletion induced cell death, conspicuously absent in N-acetylcysteine (GSH precursor) pretreated cells. The evaluation of genotoxic effects of CE using cytokinesis block micronucleus assay and chromosomal aberration test has shown prominent induction of binucleated micronucleated cells and aberrant metaphases bearing chromatid and chromosomal breaks, indicating CE's clastogenic and aneugenic potential. The apoptotic death in CE treated cells was confirmed by an increase in the number of cells in subG1 phase, exhibiting chromatin condensation and membranous phosphatidylserine translocation. The apoptosis induction follows mitochondrial mediation, evident from an increase in the BAX/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3/7 activity, and mitochondrial membrane permeability. CE also induces cytostasis in addition to apoptosis, substantiated by the reduced cytokinetic (replicative indices) and mitotic (mitotic indices and histone H3 Ser-10 phosphorylation) activities. Overall, the cellular GSH depletion and potential genotoxic effects by CE led the CHO cells to commit apoptosis and lowered cell division. The observed sensitivity of CHO cells doubts unintended adverse effects of CE on normal healthy cells, suggesting higher essentiality of further studies in order to establish its safety efficacy in therapeutic explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Misra
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Biomaterials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Suresh Yerramsetty
- Chemical Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Nivedita Sahu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Suresh Babu K
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
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Huang G, Tong Y, He Q, Wang J, Chen Z. Aucklandia lappa DC. extract enhances gefitinib efficacy in gefitinib-resistance secondary epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:353-362. [PMID: 28619365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aucklandia lappa DC. is a widely used medicinal plant in China, India and Pakistan for a long time. Previously, a number of different pharmacological experiments in vitro and in vivo have convincingly demonstrated the abilities of it to exhibit anticancer activities. Reynoutria japonica Houtt. has also been widely used as traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Previous studies have demonstrated that it is bioactive to exhibit anticancer activities. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate whether the extracts of Aucklandia lappa DC. and Reynoutria japonica Houtt. are capable of treating drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), providing support for novel usage beyond traditional uses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts combined with gefitinib have been tested taking the vulval development of transgenic C. elegans (jgIs25) as an effective and simple in vivo model system, evaluating their efficacy against acquired NSCLC. Synchronous larval 1 (L1) larvae were treated with extracts plus gefitinib and cultured to obtain mainly L4 larvae. The multivulva (Muv) phenotype was recorded at the adult stage. RESULTS Our data showed that Aucklandia lappa DC. extract could significantly enhance the efficacy of gefitinib, suppressing the Muv phenotype of jgIs25. Meanwhile, it could also down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of EGFR in jgIs25. Collectively, our results verified that the capability of Aucklandia lappa DC. to inhibit Muv phenotype may be based on the EGFR signaling pathway inhibition. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the co-administration of Aucklandia lappa DC. with gefitinib may provide an effective strategy for the therapy of EGFR inhibitor resistant NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanli Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China.
| | - Qidi He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Wang J, Yu Z, Wang C, Tian X, Huo X, Wang Y, Sun C, Feng L, Ma J, Zhang B, Yang Q, Ma X, Xu Y. Dehydrocostus lactone, a natural sesquiterpene lactone, suppresses the biological characteristics of glioma, through inhibition of the NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway by targeting IKKβ. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1270-1284. [PMID: 28670490 PMCID: PMC5489777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydrocostus lactone (DHE), a natural sesquiterpene lactone, has been used for treatment of various diseases with its anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, it has caused extensive interest in researchers due to it has anti-cancer abilities in some types of carcinomas. However, the anti-cancer effect and mechanism of DHE in glioma remains unclear. The present study conducted to determine the biological effects of DHE on the glioblastoma cells, as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects. After treatment with DHE, the glioblastoma (U118, U251 or U87) cells were significantly inhibited in their viability, proliferation and migration. At the meantime, DHE also induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by promoting the release of cytochrome c into cytosol, which activating caspase signaling pathway. Furthermore, our results fully demonstrate that DHE significantly suppressed COX-2 expression by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IKKβ via targeting the ATP-binding site, thereby abrogating NF-κB binding and p300 recruitment to COX-2 promoter. Moreover, the current study firstly demonstrated that DHE can cross blood-brain barrier (BBB). In addition, treatment with DHE markedly inhibited neoplastic weight and volume without the notable adverse effects in the xenograft nude mice model, and these effects may be mediated through inhibition of the IKKβ/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway. These findings provide the pharmacological evidence for development of DHE as a potential agent against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkui Wang
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
| | - Chao Wang
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
| | - Chengpeng Sun
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
| | - Lei Feng
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Ma
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
| | - Qining Yang
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Material Medical of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangdong, China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- The First Affliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drug Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, 116044, China
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Song W, Yan CY, Zhou QQ, Zhen LL. Galangin potentiates human breast cancer to apoptosis induced by TRAIL through activating AMPK. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:845-856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Bosco A, Golsteyn RM. Emerging Anti-Mitotic Activities and Other Bioactivities of Sesquiterpene Compounds upon Human Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030459. [PMID: 28335397 PMCID: PMC6155193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the bio-activities of natural product sesquiterpenes and present the first description of their effects upon mitosis. This type of biological effect upon cells is unexpected because sesquiterpenes are believed to inactivate proteins through Michael-type additions that cause non-specific cytotoxicity. Yet, certain types of sesquiterpenes can arrest cells in mitosis as measured by cell biology, biochemical and imaging techniques. We have listed the sesquiterpenes that arrest cells in mitosis and analyzed the biological data that support those observations. In view of the biochemical complexity of mitosis, we propose that a subset of sesquiterpenes have a unique chemical structure that can target a precise protein(s) required for mitosis. Since the process of mitotic arrest precedes that of cell death, it is possible that some sesquiterpenes that are currently classified as cytotoxic might also induce a mitotic arrest. Our analysis provides a new perspective of sesquiterpene chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bosco
- Natural Product and Cancer Cell Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, 4401 University Dr, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Roy M Golsteyn
- Natural Product and Cancer Cell Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, 4401 University Dr, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
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Altholactone Inhibits NF-κB and STAT3 Activation and Induces Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer DU145 Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020240. [PMID: 28178219 PMCID: PMC6155856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Altholactone, a natural compound isolated from Goniothalamus spp., has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, but its molecular mechanisms are still not fully defined. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) play pivotal roles in the cell survival of many human tumors. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of altholactone against prostate cancer DU145 cells and to evaluate whether its effects are mediated by inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 activity. Altholactone inhibited proliferation of DU145 cells and induced cell cycle arrest in S phase and triggered apoptosis. Reporter assays revealed that altholactone repressed p65- and TNF-α-enhanced NF-κB transcriptional activity and also inhibited both constitutive and IL-6-induced transcriptional activity of STAT3. Consistent with this, altholactone down-regulated phosphorylation of STAT3 and moreover, decreased constitutively active mutant of STAT3 (STAT3C)-induced transcriptional activity. Altholactone treatment also results in down-regulation of STAT3 target genes such as survivin, and Bcl-2 followed by up regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein. However, pre-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited the activation of Bax and prevented down-regulation of STAT3 target genes. Collectively, our findings suggest that altholactone induces DU145 cells death through inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 activity.
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Tang B, Wang K, Jia YP, Zhu P, Fang Y, Zhang ZJ, Mao XH, Li Q, Zeng DZ. Fusobacterium nucleatum-Induced Impairment of Autophagic Flux Enhances the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines via ROS in Caco-2 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165701. [PMID: 27828984 PMCID: PMC5102440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) plays a critical role in gastrointestinal inflammation. However, the exact mechanism by which F. nucleatum contributes to inflammation is unclear. In the present study, it was revealed that F. nucleatum could induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Caco-2 colorectal) adenocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, ROS scavengers (NAC or Tiron) could decrease the production of proinflammatory cytokines during F. nucleatum infection. In addition, we observed that autophagy is impaired in Caco-2 cells after F. nucleatum infection. The production of proinflammatory cytokines and ROS induced by F. nucleatum was enhanced with either autophagy pharmacologic inhibitors (3-methyladenine, bafilomycin A1) or RNA interference in essential autophagy genes (ATG5 or ATG12) in Caco-2 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that F. nucleatum-induced impairment of autophagic flux enhances the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via ROS in Caco-2 Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Emei Sanatorium of PLA Rocket Force, Emeishan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin-ping Jia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Fang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu-jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-hu Mao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (DZZ); (QL)
| | - Dong-Zhu Zeng
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (DZZ); (QL)
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Zhang C, Lu T, Wang GD, Ma C, Zhou YF. Costunolide, an active sesquiterpene lactone, induced apoptosis via ROS-mediated ER stress and JNK pathway in human U2OS cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 80:253-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Hua P, Sun M, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Song G, Liu Z, Li X, Zhang X, Li B. Costunolide Induces Apoptosis through Generation of ROS and Activation of P53 in Human Esophageal Cancer Eca-109 Cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:462-9. [PMID: 27078502 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Costunolide is a sesquiterpene lactone, which possesses potent anti-cancer properties. However, there is little report about its effects on esophageal cancer. In our study, we investigated the effects of costunolide on the cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis in human esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells. It was found that costunolide inhibited the growth of Eca-109 cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm ) and the production of ROS. Costunolide induced apoptosis of Eca-109 cells as well as cell cycle arrest in G1/S phase by upregulation of P53 and P21. Costunolide triggered apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells via the upregulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2, and significant activation of caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase. These effects were markedly abrogated when cells were pretreated with N-acetylcysteine, a specific reactive oxygen specie inhibitor. These results suggest that costunolide is a potential candidate for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Hua
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Breast surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China.
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HUA PEIYAN, ZHANG GUANGXIN, ZHANG YIFAN, SUN MEI, CUI RANJI, LI XIN, LI BINGJIN, ZHANG XINGYI. Costunolide induces G1/S phase arrest and activates mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathways in SK-MES 1 human lung squamous carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2780-2786. [PMID: 27073552 PMCID: PMC4812560 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of several therapeutic options, a safer and more effective modality strategy is required for the treatment of lung cancer. Costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone which isolated from the Saussurea lappa, has potent anticancer properties. In the present study, the effects of costunolide on cell viability, the cell cycle and apoptosis in SK-MES-1 human lung squamous carcinoma cells were investigated. Costunolide induced morphological changes and inhibited growth of SK-MES-1 cells growth. Flow cytometric analysis data demonstrated that costunolide significantly induced apoptosis of SK-MES-1 cells and induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase in a dose-dependent manner. Through upregulation in the expression of p53 and Bax, and downregulation in the expression of Bcl-2 and activation of caspase-3, costunolide-induced apoptosis was confirmed by western blot analysis. In addition, the significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that costunolide may induce apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway in SK-MES-1 cells. These results highlight the potential effects of costunolide as an anti-cancer agent in a human lung squamous carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- PEIYAN HUA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - GUANGXIN ZHANG
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - YIFAN ZHANG
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - MEI SUN
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - RANJI CUI
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - XIN LI
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - BINGJIN LI
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - XINGYI ZHANG
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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El-Far AH, Badria FA, Shaheen HM. Possible Anticancer Mechanisms of Some Costus speciosus Active Ingredients Concerning Drug Discovery. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2016; 13:123-143. [PMID: 27515456 PMCID: PMC5086671 DOI: 10.2174/1570163813666160802154403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Costus speciosus is native to South East Asia, especially found in India, Srilanka, Indonesia and Malaysia. C. speciosus have numerous therapeutic potentials against a wide variety of complains. The therapeutic properties of C. speciosus are attributed to the presence of various ingredients such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, sterols and sesquiterpenes. This review presented the past, present, and the future status of C. speciosus active ingredients to propose a future use as a potential anticancer agent. All possible up-regulation of cellular apoptotic molecules as p53, p21, p27, caspases, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and others attribute to the anticancer activity of C. speciosus along the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic agents such as Akt, Bcl2, NFKB, STAT3, JAK, MMPs, actin, surviving and vimentin. Eventually, we recommend further investigation of different C. speciosus extracts, using some active ingredients and evaluate the anticancer effect of these chemicals against different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Faried A. Badria
- Departments of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Hazem M. Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira, Egypt
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Vanajothi R, Srinivasan P. An anthraquinone derivative from Luffa acutangula induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 through p53-dependent pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:292-302. [PMID: 26585176 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antiproliferative activity of 1,8-dihydroxy-4-methylanthracene-9,10-dione (DHMA) isolated from the Luffa acutangula against human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460). Induction of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined through fluorescence microscopic technique. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting analysis was carried out to detect the expression of pro-apoptotic (p53, p21, caspase-3, Bax, GADD45A, and ATM) and anti-apoptotic (NF-κB) proteins in NCI-H460 cell line. In silico studies also performed to predict the binding mechanism of DHMA with MDM2-p53 protein. The DHMA inhibited the cell viability of NCI-H460 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC(50) of about 50 µg/ml. It significantly reduced cell viability correlated with induction of apoptosis, which was associated with ROS generation. The apoptotic cell death was further confirmed through dual staining and DNA fragmentation assay. DHMA significantly increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein such as p53, p21, Bax, and caspase-3 but downregulated the expression of NF-κB in NCI-H460 cell line. In silico studies demonstrate that DHMA formed hydrogen bond interaction with key residues Trp26, Phe55 and Lys24 by which it disrupt the binding of p53 with MDM2 receptor. These findings suggested that DHMA induces apoptosis in NCI-H460 via a p53-dependent pathway. This the first study on cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing activity of DHMA from L. acutangula against NCI-H460 cell line. Therefore, DHMA has therapeutic potential for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pappu Srinivasan
- a Department of Bioinformatics and.,b Department of Animal Health and Management , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamilnadu , India
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Bailon-Moscoso N, González-Arévalo G, Velásquez-Rojas G, Malagon O, Vidari G, Zentella-Dehesa A, Ratovitski EA, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Phytometabolite Dehydroleucodine Induces Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage in Human Astrocytoma Cells through p73/p53 Regulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136527. [PMID: 26309132 PMCID: PMC4550445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the idea that secondary metabolites obtained from medicinal plants (phytometabolites) may be important contributors in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents to reduce the occurrence or recurrence of cancer. Our study focused on Dehydroleucodine (DhL), a sesquiterpene found in the provinces of Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe. In this study, we showed that DhL displayed cytostatic and cytotoxic activities on the human cerebral astrocytoma D384 cell line. With lactone isolated from Gynoxys verrucosa Wedd, a medicinal plant from Ecuador, we found that DhL induced cell death in D384 cells by triggering cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis and DNA damage. We further found that the cell death resulted in the increased expression of CDKN1A and BAX proteins. A marked induction of the levels of total TP73 and phosphorylated TP53, TP73, and γ-H2AX proteins was observed in D384 cells exposed to DhL, but no increase in total TP53 levels was detected. Overall these studies demonstrated the marked effect of DhL on the diminished survival of human astrocytoma cells through the induced expression of TP73 and phosphorylation of TP73 and TP53, suggesting their key roles in the tumor cell response to DhL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bailon-Moscoso
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F., Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Omar Malagon
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F., Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición“Salvador Zubirán”, México, D. F., Mexico
| | - Edward A. Ratovitski
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F., Mexico
- * E-mail:
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66
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Lin X, Peng Z, Su C. Potential anti-cancer activities and mechanisms of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10888-906. [PMID: 25984608 PMCID: PMC4463681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Costunolide (CE) and dehydrocostuslactone (DE) are derived from many species of medicinal plants, such as Saussurea lappa Decne and Laurus nobilis L. They have been reported for their wide spectrum of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiulcer, and anthelmintic activities. In recent years, they have caused extensive interest in researchers due to their potential anti-cancer activities for various types of cancer, and their anti-cancer mechanisms, including causing cell cycle arrest, inducing apoptosis and differentiation, promoting the aggregation of microtubule protein, inhibiting the activity of telomerase, inhibiting metastasis and invasion, reversing multidrug resistance, restraining angiogenesis has been studied. This review will summarize anti-cancer activities and associated molecular mechanisms of these two compounds for the purpose of promoting their research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Zhangxiao Peng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Changqing Su
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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67
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Yin H, Zhuang YB, Li EE, Bi HP, Zhou W, Liu T. Heterologous biosynthesis of costunolide in Escherichia coli and yield improvement. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1249-55. [PMID: 25700819 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Costunolide, the main bioactive compound of the medicinal plant, Radix Aucklandiae, is a sesquiterpene lactone (SL) and has a broad range of biological activities. It is also a precursor of many biologically-active SLs and is a branching point in the biosynthesis of SLs. Here we have reconstituted the costunolide biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli by co-expression of three genes (GAS, GAO, LsCOS) involved in costunolide biosynthesis and eight genes involved in converting acetyl-CoA into farnesyl diphosphate from mevalonate pathway. Costunolide production was then detected. By screening and optimization of cultured medium and inducing temperature, costunolide yield was up to 100 mg l(-1) in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xiqidao, Airport Economic Park, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China,
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68
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Gach K, Długosz A, Janecka A. The role of oxidative stress in anticancer activity of sesquiterpene lactones. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:477-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sesquiterpene lactones derived from Saussurea lappa induce apoptosis and inhibit invasion and migration in neuroblastoma cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:397-403. [PMID: 25953266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is among the most fatal of solid tumors in the pediatric age group, even when treated aggressively. Therefore, a new effective therapeutic drug(s) for neuroblastoma is urgently needed. To clarify the anticancer effects of the sesquiterpene lactones dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide, derived from Saussurea lappa, we examined the cytotoxic and migration/invasion-inhibitory effects of these compounds against neuroblastoma cell lines. Both the compounds exerted significant cytotoxicity against the neuroblastoma cell lines IMR-32, NB-39, SK-N-SH, and LA-N-1. Evidence of cellular apoptosis, such as nuclear condensation and membrane inversion, were observed after treatment with these compounds. Both compounds induced caspase-7 activation and PARP cleavage as confirmed by Western blotting. Furthermore, the sesquiterpene lactones also suppressed invasion and migration of the neuroblastoma cells. These results suggest that dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide are promising candidates for being developed into novel anticancer drugs effective against neuroblastoma.
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70
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Rasul A, Zhao BJ, Liu J, Liu B, Sun JX, Li J, Li XM. Molecular Mechanisms of Casticin Action: an Update on its Antitumor Functions. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:9049-58. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Millimouno FM, Dong J, Yang L, Li J, Li X. Targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer and perspectives with natural compounds from mother nature. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:1081-107. [PMID: 25161295 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the incidences are increasing day after day, scientists and researchers taken individually or by research group are trying to fight against cancer by several ways and also by different approaches and techniques. Sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, diterpenoids, and polyphenolic represent a large and diverse group of naturally occurring compounds found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants with various anticancer properties. In this review, our aim is to give our perspective on the current status of the natural compounds belonging to these groups and discuss their natural sources, their anticancer activity, their molecular targets, and their mechanism of actions with specific emphasis on apoptosis pathways, which may help the further design and conduct of preclinical and clinical trials. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, the selected natural compounds induce apoptosis by targeting multiple cellular signaling pathways including transcription factors, growth factors, tumor cell survival factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases, and angiogenesis that are frequently deregulated in cancers and suggest that their simultaneous targeting by these compounds could result in efficacious and selective killing of cancer cells. This review suggests that they provide a novel opportunity for treatment of cancer, but clinical trials are still required to further validate them in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faya M Millimouno
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China. Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China. Higher Institute of Science and Veterinary Medicine of Dalaba, Dalaba, Guinea
| | - Jia Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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72
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ZHAO BING, LI XIAOMENG. Altholactone induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in bladder cancer T24 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction, MAPK-p38 activation and Akt suppression. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2769-75. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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73
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SONG JUHAN, KIM SEUNGHYUN, CHO KYUNGMIN, HWANG SEUNGYONG, KIM HYEOUNGJOON, KIM TAESUNG. Analysis of gene profiles involved in the enhancement of all-trans retinoic acid-induced HL-60 cell differentiation by sesquiterpene lactones identifies asparagine synthetase as a novel target for differentiation-inducing therapy. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:970-6. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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74
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Evidence in support of potential applications of lipid peroxidation products in cancer treatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:931251. [PMID: 24369491 PMCID: PMC3867858 DOI: 10.1155/2013/931251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction, stimulation of oncogenes, abnormal metabolism, and aggravated inflammatory activities. Available evidence also suggests that cancer cells depend on intrinsic ROS level for proliferation and survival. Both physiological and pathophysiological roles have been ascribed to ROS which cause lipid peroxidation. In spite of their injurious effects, the ROS and the resulting lipid peroxidation products could be beneficial in cancer treatment. This review presents research findings suggesting that ROS and the resulting lipid peroxidation products could be utilized to inhibit cancer growth or induce cancer cell death. It also underscores the potential of lipid peroxidation products to potentiate the antitumor effect of other anticancer agents. The review also highlights evidence demonstrating other potential applications of lipid peroxidation products in cancer treatment. These include the prospect of lipid peroxidation products as a diagnostic tool to predict the chances of cancer recurrence, to monitor treatment progress or how well cancer patients respond to therapy. Further and detailed research is required on how best to successfully, effectively, and selectively target cancer cells in humans using lipid peroxidation products. This may prove to be an important strategy to complement current treatment regimens for cancer patients.
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75
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Targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer with alantolactone and isoalantolactone. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:248532. [PMID: 24288468 PMCID: PMC3826378 DOI: 10.1155/2013/248532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alantolactone and isoalantolactone, main bioactive compounds that are present in many medicinal plants such as Inula helenium, L. Inula japonica, Aucklandia lappa, Inula racemosa, and Radix inulae, have been found to have various pharmacological actions including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, with no significant toxicity. Recently, the anticancer activity of alantolactone and isoalantolactone has been extensively investigated. Here, our aim is to review their natural sources and their anticancer activity with specific emphasis on mechanism of actions, by which these compounds act on apoptosis pathways. Based on the literature and also on our previous results, alantolactone and isoalantolactone induce apoptosis by targeting multiple cellular signaling pathways that are frequently deregulated in cancers and suggest that their simultaneous targeting by these compounds could result in efficacious and selective killing of cancer cells. This review suggests that alantolactone and isoalantolactone are potential promising anticancer candidates, but additional studies and clinical trials are required to determine their specific intracellular sites of actions and derivative targets in order to fully understand the mechanisms of therapeutic effects to further validate in cancer chemotherapy.
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Pinocembrin: a novel natural compound with versatile pharmacological and biological activities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:379850. [PMID: 23984355 PMCID: PMC3747598 DOI: 10.1155/2013/379850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) is one of the primary flavonoids isolated from the variety of plants, mainly from Pinus heartwood, Eucalyptus, Populus, Euphorbia, and Sparattosperma leucanthum, in the diverse flora and purified by various chromatographic techniques. Pinocembrin is a major flavonoid molecule incorporated as multifunctional in the pharmaceutical industry. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well researched including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. In addition, pinocembrin can be used as neuroprotective against cerebral ischemic injury with a wide therapeutic time window, which may be attributed to its antiexcitotoxic effects. Pinocembrin exhibits pharmacological effects on almost all systems, and our aim is to review the pharmacological and therapeutic applications of pinocembrin with specific emphasis on mechanisms of actions. The design of new drugs based on the pharmacological effects of pinocembrin could be beneficial. This review suggests that pinocembrin is a potentially promising pharmacological candidate, but additional studies and clinical trials are required to determine its specific intracellular sites of action and derivative targets in order to fully understand the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and apoptotic effects to further validate its medical applications.
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77
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Rasul A, Di J, Millimouno FM, Malhi M, Tsuji I, Ali M, Li J, Li X. Reactive oxygen species mediate isoalantolactone-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Molecules 2013; 18:9382-96. [PMID: 23921797 PMCID: PMC6270412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoalantolactone, a medicinal plant-derived natural compound, is known to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. However, its effect on apoptosis in prostate cancer cells has not been addressed. Thus, we examined the effects of isoalantolactone on prostate cancer cells. It was found that isoalantolactone inhibits growth of both androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) as well as androgen-independent (PC3 and DU-145) prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, our results indicate that isoalantolactone-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer PC3 cells is associated with the generation of ROS and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). In addition, isoalantolactone triggers apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, survivin, and significant activation of caspase-3. Isoalantolactone-induced apoptosis is markedly abrogated when the cells were pretreated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a specific ROS inhibitor, suggesting that the apoptosis-inducing effect of isoalantolactone in prostate cancer cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species. These findings indicate that isoalantolactone induces reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via a novel mechanism involving inhibition of survivin and provide the rationale for further in vivo and preclinical investigation of isoalantolactone against human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Rasul
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jun Di
- Jilin Province People’s Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Faya Martin Millimouno
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Mahadev Malhi
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Department of Public Health, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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