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Talebloo N, Bernal MAO, Kenyon E, Mallett CL, Mondal SK, Fazleabas A, Moore A. Imaging of Endometriotic Lesions Using cRGD-MN Probe in a Mouse Model of Endometriosis. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:319. [PMID: 38334590 PMCID: PMC10856945 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 10% of women suffer from endometriosis during their reproductive years. This disease is a chronic debilitating condition whose etiology for lesion implantation and survival heavily relies on adhesion and angiogenic factors. Currently, there are no clinically approved agents for its detection. In this study, we evaluated cRGD-peptide-conjugated nanoparticles (RGD-Cy5.5-MN) to detect lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a mouse model of endometriosis. We utilized a luciferase-expressing murine suture model of endometriosis. Imaging was performed before and after 24 h following the intravenous injection of RGD-Cy5.5-MN or control nanoparticles (Cy5.5-MN). Next, we performed biodistribution of RGD-Cy5.5-MN and correlative fluorescence microscopy of lesions stained for CD34. Tissue iron content was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Our results demonstrated that targeting endometriotic lesions with RGD-Cy5.5-MN resulted in a significantly higher delta T2* upon its accumulation compared to Cy5.5-MN. ICP-OES showed significantly higher iron content in the lesions of the animals in the experimental group compared to the lesions of the animals in the control group. Histology showed colocalization of Cy5.5 signal from RGD-Cy5.5-MN with CD34 in the lesions pointing to the targeted nature of the probe. This work offers initial proof-of-concept for targeting angiogenesis in endometriosis which can be useful for potential clinical diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Talebloo
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.T.); (E.K.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - M. Ariadna Ochoa Bernal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (M.A.O.B.); (A.F.)
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 S Shaw Ln #1290, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kenyon
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.T.); (E.K.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Christiane L. Mallett
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.T.); (E.K.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Asgerally Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (M.A.O.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.T.); (E.K.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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Mondal SK, Haas D, Han J, Whiteside TL. Small EV in plasma of triple negative breast cancer patients induce intrinsic apoptosis in activated T cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:815. [PMID: 37542121 PMCID: PMC10403597 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) in TNBC patients' plasma promote T cell dysfunction and tumor progression. Here we show that tumor cell-derived exosomes (TEX) carrying surface PDL-1, PD-1, Fas, FasL, TRAIL, CTLA-4 and TGF-β1 induce apoptosis of CD8+T and CD4+T cells but spare B and NK cells. Inhibitors blocking TEX-induce receptor/ligand signals and TEX pretreatments with proteinase K or heat fail to prevent T cell apoptosis. Cytochalasin D, Dynosore or Pit Stop 2, partly inhibit TEX uptake but do not prevent T cell apoptosis. TEX entry into T cells induces cytochrome C and Smac release from mitochondria and caspase-3 and PARP cleavage in the cytosol. Expression of survival proteins is reduced in T cells undergoing apoptosis. Independently of external death receptor signaling, TEX entry into T cells induces mitochondrial stress, initiating relentless intrinsic apoptosis, which is responsible for death of activated T cells in the tumor-bearing hosts. The abundance of TEX in cancer plasma represents a danger for adoptively transferred T cells, limiting their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Derick Haas
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Departments of Immunology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Chen M, Kim B, Robertson N, Mondal SK, Medarova Z, Moore A. Co-administration of temozolomide (TMZ) and the experimental therapeutic targeting miR-10b, profoundly affects the tumorigenic phenotype of human glioblastoma cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1179343. [PMID: 37398551 PMCID: PMC10311069 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1179343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies have shown that miRNA-10b is highly expressed in high-grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and its inhibition leads to deregulation of multiple pathways in tumorigenesis, resulting in repression of tumor growth and increased apoptosis. Thus, we hypothesized that suppressing miR-10b could enhance the cytotoxicity of conventional GBM chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Methods: Inhibition of miR-10b in glioblastoma cells was achieved using an experimental therapeutic consisting of anti-miR10b antagomirs conjugated to iron oxide nanoparticles (termed MN-anti-miR10b). The nanoparticles serve as delivery vehicles for the antagomirs as well as imaging reporters guiding the delivery in future animal studies. Results: Treatment of U251 and LN229 human glioblastoma cells with MN-anti-miR10b led to inhibition of miR-10b accompanied by repression of growth and increase in apoptosis. We next explored whether MN-anti-miR10b could enhance the cytotoxic effect of TMZ. During these studies, we unexpectedly found that TMZ monotherapy increased miR-10b expression and changed the expression of corresponding miR-10b targets. This discovery led to the design of a sequence-dependent combination treatment, in which miR-10b inhibition and induction of apoptosis by MN-anti-miR10b was followed by a sub-therapeutic dose of TMZ, which caused cell cycle arrest and ultimately cell death. This combination was highly successful in significant enhancement of apoptosis and decrease in cell migration and invasiveness. Discussion: Considering the unexpected effects of TMZ on miR-10b expression and possible implications on its clinical application, we reasoned that comprehensive in vitro studies were warranted before embarking on studies in animals. These intriguing findings serve as a solid foundation for future in vivo studies and offer promise for the successful treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Bryan Kim
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Neil Robertson
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Mondal SK, Ahmed MT, Jinka S, Sarkar S, Shukla R, Banerjee R. Progesterone-Cationic Lipid Conjugate-Based Self-Aggregates for Cancer Cell-Selective Uptake through Macropinocytosis and the Antitumour Effect. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37134112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone (PR) is an endogenous steroid hormone that activates the progesterone receptor (PgR) and is known to play a critical role in cancer progression. Herein, we report the development of cationic lipid-conjugated PR derivatives by covalently conjugating progesterone with cationic lipids of varying hydrocarbon chain lengths (n = 6-18) through a succinate linker. Cytotoxicity studies performed on eight different cancer cell lines reveal that PR10, one of the lead derivatives, exerts notable toxicity (IC50 = 4-12 μM) in cancer cells irrespective of their PgR expression status and remains largely nontoxic to noncancerous cells. Mechanistic studies show that PR10 induces G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, leading to apoptosis and cell death by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT cell survival pathway and p53 upregulation. Further, in vivo study shows that PR10 treatment significantly reduces melanoma tumor growth and prolongs the overall survival of melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL/6J mice. Interestingly, PR10 readily forms stable self-aggregates of ∼190 nm size in an aqueous environment and exhibits selective uptake into cancerous cell lines. In vitro uptake mechanism studies in various cell lines (cancerous cell lines B16F10, MCF7, PC3, and noncancerous cell line HEK293) using endocytosis inhibition proves that PR10 nanoaggregates enter selectively into the cancer cells predominantly using macropinocytosis and/or caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Overall, this study highlights the development of a self-aggregating cationic derivative of progesterone with anticancer activity, and its cancer cell-selective accumulation in nanoaggregate form holds great potential in the field of targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohammed Tanveer Ahmed
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Sudhakar Jinka
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sampa Sarkar
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ravi Shukla
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Mondal SK, Jinka S, Shankar G, Srinivas R, Banerjee R. Modification of α-Tocopherol Succinate with a Tumor-targeting Peptide Conjugate Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of a Paclitaxel-loaded Lipid Aggregate. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201136. [PMID: 36482874 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the clinic. However, its clinical benefit is limited due to its low water solubility, off-target toxicity, and for being a multidrug-resistant (MDR) substrate. To overcome these limitations in this study, a tumor-targeting peptide (CRGDK peptide, a ligand for NRP-1 receptor) conjugate of α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) was synthesized and modified on PTX-loaded lipid aggregate (TL-PTX) to leverage the benefits of α-TOS, which include a) anti-cancer activity, b) increased PTX loading, and c) inhibition of MDR activity. Use of peptide conjugate of α-TOS (α-TOS-CRGDK) in lipid aggregate increased PTX entrapment efficiency by 20%, helped in NRP-1 specific cellular uptake and significantly enhanced apoptotic and cell killing activity (p <0.01) of PTX compared to control formulation (CL-PTX) by inhibiting MDR-activity in melanoma resulting in ∼70% increment in overall survival of melanoma tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, CRGDK- α-TOS conjugate in association with PTX-loaded liposome provided a unique NRP-1 targeted, drug-resistant reversing anticancer regimen for treating aggressive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (USA
| | - Sudhakar Jinka
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gajji Shankar
- Mass Spectrometry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIRIICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana State, India
| | - Ragampeta Srinivas
- Mass Spectrometry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIRIICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana State, India
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, India
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6
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Akan AB, Mondal SK, Bari MS, Mahammad N, Munmun UH, Islam MS. Modified Snodgrass Urethroplasty for Distal Penile Hypospadias: Our Experience at BSMMU Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:1179-1182. [PMID: 36189569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypospadias is a developmental defect of male urethra characterized by absence of meatal opening at the tip of glans but is present at the ventral surface of penis anywhere along the shaft, even in the perineum. Usually this defect is associated with ventrally curved penis. Surgery is the single option to correct this birth defect. More than 300 techniques have been developed but none is universally acceptable as because, surgery is usually associated with fistula. Rate of fistula formation varies from technique to technique. Now a day, Snodgrass technique is widely practiced because of its low rate of fistula formation. Many factors are responsible for this post-operative complication. Most important one is developmentally defective ventral penile skin where some local factors like vascular and collagen tissues are insufficient. This observational study was performed to evaluate the role of dorsal vascular flap over the neourethra following urethroplasty by Snodgrass technique in terms of post-operative fistula formation in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2018 to March 2020. A total of 39 patients with distal penile hypospadias were included in this study. All underwent Snodgrass urethroplasty with additional dorsal vascular flap over the neourethra to support this ventrally deficient local factor. The outcome in terms of post operative urethrocutaneous fistula was evaluated. Only two patients (5.15%) developed urethrocutaneous fistula. In conclusion, addition of dorsal vascular flap over the neourethra by Snodgrass technique reduces the rate of the fistula formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Akan
- Dr Abu Bakar Akan, Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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7
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Arefin MM, Rahman A, Kundu SK, Momen A, Islam MS, Mondal SK, Cader FA, Islam MS, Paul GK, Azam MG. Impact of Myocardial Blush Grade on In-Hospital Outcome after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:172-179. [PMID: 34999699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the optimal reperfusion strategy in patients with ST elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). However, despite achieving TIMI 3 flow after PPCI, some patients have less optimal perfusion at the myocardial tissue level, as assessed by Myocardial Blush Grade (MBG) and consequently show adverse outcome. This prospective observational study was performed in the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2016 to February 2017. Total 74 patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI and achieved TIMI 3 flow were included among them 37 patients were taken with low MBG (grade 0 or 1) in Group I and other 37 patients with high MBG (grade II or III) were taken in Group II. Mean age of Group I and Group II were 53.70±9.17 and 51.49±9.41 years respectively (p=0.536). Male to female ratio was 5.7:1. Smoking (59.5% versus 35.1%, p=0.036) and diabetes mellitus (43.2% versus 18.9%, p=0.024) were significantly higher in low MBG group than high MBG group. Multi vessel involvement (24.3% versus 5.4%, p=0.022) and anterior MI (72.9% versus 51.4%, p=0.047) were significantly higher in low MBG group. LVEF was significantly lower in low MBG group than high MBG group (49.92?6.60% versus 58.84?4.55%, p=0.003). Among the complications acute heart failure was found significantly higher in low MBG group than high MBG group (8.1% versus 0.0%, p=0.048) along with total adverse in hospital outcome (24.3% versus 5.4%, p=0.041). In study population total mortality was 2.7% and all were in low MBG group (5.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed MBG was an independent predictor of adverse in hospital outcome after PPCI (OR 6.553, 95% CI 1.984-21.643, p=0.002). Low MBG is associated with more adverse in hospital outcome after PPCI. So, along with TIMI 3 flow following PPCI we have to assess MBG for evaluation of complete reperfusion and further outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Arefin
- Dr Md Minhaj Arefin, Assistant Registrar, Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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8
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Abstract
Cancer liquid biopsy encompassing circulating tumor cells (CTC), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and/or tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) emerges as a novel approach to early detection, noninvasive monitoring of responses to therapy and predicting patient survival. TEX are a key component of liquid biopsy because they mimic tumor cells in their proteomic and genetic content. Two recent proteomic analyses of TEX released into plasma by melanoma cells confirms the potential of TEX as diagnostic and prognostic markers in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Immunology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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9
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Rachamalla HK, Bhattacharya S, Ahmad A, Sridharan K, Madamsetty VS, Mondal SK, Wang E, Dutta SK, Jan BL, Jinka S, Chandra Sekhar Jaggarapu MM, Yakati V, Mukhopadhyay D, Alkharfy KM, Banerjee R. Enriched pharmacokinetic behavior and antitumor efficacy of thymoquinone by liposomal delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:641-656. [PMID: 33769068 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thymoquinone (TQ) has potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anticancer effects but its clinical use is limited by its low solubility, poor bioavailability and rapid clearance. Aim: To enhance systemic bioavailability and tumor-specific toxicity of TQ. Materials & methods: Cationic liposomal formulation of TQ (D1T) was prepared via ethanol injection method and their physicochemical properties, anticancer effects in orthotopic xenograft pancreatic tumor model and pharmacokinetic behavior of D1T relative to TQ were evaluated. Results: D1T showed prominent inhibition of pancreatic tumor progression, significantly greater in vivo absorption, approximately 1.5-fold higher plasma concentration, higher bioavailability, reduced volume of distribution and improved clearance relative to TQ. Conclusion: Encapsulation of TQ in cationic liposomal formulation enhanced its bioavailability and anticancer efficacy against xenograft pancreatic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Krishnareddy Rachamalla
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kathyayani Sridharan
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,UPMC Hilman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Shamit K Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Basit L Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudhakar Jinka
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | | | - Venu Yakati
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
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10
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Angom RS, Mondal SK, Wang F, Madamsetty VS, Wang E, Dutta SK, Gulani Y, Sarabia-Estrada R, Sarkaria JN, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Mukhopadhyay D. Ablation of neuropilin-1 improves the therapeutic response in conventional drug-resistant glioblastoma multiforme. Oncogene 2020; 39:7114-7126. [PMID: 33005016 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly proliferative and locally invasive cancer with poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate. Although anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapy offers short-term benefit to GBM patients, this approach fails as the tumor develops into a more invasive and drug-resistant phenotype and ultimately recurs. Recently, both glioma stemlike cells (GSCs) and brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) have been implicated in GBM recurrence and its resistance to therapy. We observed that patient-derived GBM cells expressing shRNAs of VEGF or neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) attenuate cancer stem cell markers, inhibit the tumor-initiating cell's neurosphere-forming capacity, and migration. Furthermore, both VEGF and NRP-1 knockdown inhibit the growth of patient-derived GBM xenografts in both zebrafish and mouse models. Interestingly, NRP-1-depleted patient-derived GBM xenografts substantially prolonged survival in mice compared to that of VEGF depletion. Our results also demonstrate that NRP-1 ablation of patient-derived GBM cells improves the sensitivity of TMZ and enhances the overall survival of the respective tumor-bearing mice. This improved outcome may provide insight into the inhibition of GBM progression and effective treatment strategies by targeting NRP-1 in addition to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Hillman Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Shamit K Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yash Gulani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rachel Sarabia-Estrada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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11
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Rachamalla HK, Mondal SK, Deshpande SS, Sridharan K, Javaji K, Jaggarapu MMCS, Jinka S, Bollu V, Misra S, Banerjee R. Efficient anti-tumor nano-lipoplexes with unsaturated or saturated lipid induce differential genotoxic effects in mice. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:1161-1175. [PMID: 31294672 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1643049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cationic lipids are well-known excipients for nanometric liposomal gene delivery systems. However, because of the suspected, collateral toxicity in normal cells, the use of cationic lipids for the treatment of human tumor is largely limited. Recently, we developed a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-targeted liposomal, anticancer delivery system (DXE nano-lipoplex), which carried cationic lipid of saturated twin aliphatic chains. It exhibited efficient anti-tumor effect in aggressive and drug-resistant tumor models. Toward exploring lipoplex's human clinical use, we incorporated another nano-lipoplex (D1XE) group that carried cationic lipid with one of its aliphatic chain carrying unsaturation and compared in vivo genotoxicological profiling-based safety assessment and the respective anti-tumor efficacy of the lipoplexes. Thus, both the lipoplexes differ only by the chemical identity of one of their constituent cationic lipid. Unsaturated aliphatic chains in lipid generally impart efficient cell surface fusogenic property in lipid formulations. Herein, we report that nanoplex with unsaturated cationic lipid (D1XE) exhibited better physical appearance with less flocculent behavior than nanoplex with saturated lipid (DXE). Upon multiple injections, D1XE nanoplex imparted better tumor regression but most importantly, exhibited much lower overall toxicity (e.g. genotoxicity, weight loss, etc.) than DXE nanoplex. With a higher antitumor effect but a lower genotoxic effect, D1XE is proved to be a better nanoplex than DXE for the potential clinical trial. Thus, this study clearly delineates the importance of incorporating a constituent lipid that carries a single unsaturated aliphatic chain toward developing efficient anti-tumor nano-lipoplexes with reduced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Krishnareddy Rachamalla
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus , Ghaziabad , India
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus , Ghaziabad , India
| | - Shruti S Deshpande
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus , Ghaziabad , India
| | - Kathyayani Sridharan
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus , Ghaziabad , India
| | - Kalpana Javaji
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus , Ghaziabad , India
| | - Madan Mohan Chandra Sekhar Jaggarapu
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus , Ghaziabad , India
| | - Sudhakar Jinka
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus , Ghaziabad , India
| | - Vishnusravan Bollu
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus , Ghaziabad , India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus , Ghaziabad , India
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus , Ghaziabad , India
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12
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Singireesu SSNR, Misra S, Mondal SK, Yerramsetty S, Sahu N, K SB. Costunolide induces micronuclei formation, chromosomal aberrations, cytostasis, and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 34:125-142. [PMID: 28914393 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Costunolide (CE) is a sesquiterpene lactone well-known for its antihepatotoxic, antiulcer, and anticancer activities. The present study focused on the evaluation of the cytogenetic toxicity and cellular death-inducing potential of CE in CHO cells, an epithelial cell line derived from normal ovary cells of Chinese hamster. The cytotoxic effect denoting MTT assay has shown an IC50 value of 7.56 μM CE, where 50% proliferation inhibition occurs. The oxidative stress caused by CE was confirmed based on GSH depletion induced cell death, conspicuously absent in N-acetylcysteine (GSH precursor) pretreated cells. The evaluation of genotoxic effects of CE using cytokinesis block micronucleus assay and chromosomal aberration test has shown prominent induction of binucleated micronucleated cells and aberrant metaphases bearing chromatid and chromosomal breaks, indicating CE's clastogenic and aneugenic potential. The apoptotic death in CE treated cells was confirmed by an increase in the number of cells in subG1 phase, exhibiting chromatin condensation and membranous phosphatidylserine translocation. The apoptosis induction follows mitochondrial mediation, evident from an increase in the BAX/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3/7 activity, and mitochondrial membrane permeability. CE also induces cytostasis in addition to apoptosis, substantiated by the reduced cytokinetic (replicative indices) and mitotic (mitotic indices and histone H3 Ser-10 phosphorylation) activities. Overall, the cellular GSH depletion and potential genotoxic effects by CE led the CHO cells to commit apoptosis and lowered cell division. The observed sensitivity of CHO cells doubts unintended adverse effects of CE on normal healthy cells, suggesting higher essentiality of further studies in order to establish its safety efficacy in therapeutic explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Misra
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Biomaterials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Suresh Yerramsetty
- Chemical Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Nivedita Sahu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Suresh Babu K
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
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13
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Ahmad A, Mondal SK, Jan BL, Mukhopadhyay D, Banerjee R, Alkharfy KM. Quantification of lipid modified estrogenic derivative (ESC8) in rat plasma by LC-MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:2024-2030. [PMID: 27306429 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A lipid-conjugated, estrogenic derivative molecule, ESC8, compared with other estrogenic molecules, encourages cell death in both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cells. A rapid and highly sensitive assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of a ESC8 in rat plasma using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry under positive-ion mode with electrospray ionization. The sample process includes using methanol for precipitation of ESC8 and dextromethorphan (internal standard, IS) from plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved with methanol-water-formic acid (70:30:0.1% v/v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 0.3mL/min and a C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm i.d., 1.7 μm particle size) with a total run time of 5 min. The m/z ions monitored were 568.5 and 272.1 for ESC8 and IS, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation achieved was 1.08 ng/mL and linearity was observed from 5 to 500 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions were <4%. The proposed method was successfully applied to a preliminary pharmacokinetic study of ESC8 liposomal formulation following an intraperitoneal administration of 3.67 mg/kg in rats. The concentrations of ESC8 in plasma were quantifiable up to 36 h. The peak concentration of ESC8 was found to be 110.72 ng/mL, the area under the concentration-time curve was 1625.23ng/mL h and the half-life was 11.72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit Latief Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Mondal SK, Jinka S, Pal K, Nelli S, Dutta SK, Wang E, Ahmad A, AlKharfy KM, Mukhopadhyay D, Banerjee R. Glucocorticoid Receptor-Targeted Liposomal Codelivery of Lipophilic Drug and Anti-Hsp90 Gene: Strategy to Induce Drug-Sensitivity, EMT-Reversal, and Reduced Malignancy in Aggressive Tumors. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2507-23. [PMID: 27184196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers including the late stage ones become drug-resistant and undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These lead to enhanced invasion, migration, and metastasis toward manifesting its aggressiveness and malignancy. One of the key hallmarks of cancer is its overdependence on glycolysis as its preferred energy metabolism pathway. The strict avoidance of alternate energy pathway gluconeogenesis by cancer cells points to a yet-to-be hoisted role of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) especially in tumor microenvironment, where cells are known to become drug-sensitive through induction of gluconeogenesis. However, since GR is involved in metabolism, anti-inflammatory reactions, immunity besides inducing gluconeogenesis, a greater role of GR in tumor microenvironment is envisaged. We have shown previously that GR, although ubiquitously expressed in all cells; afford to be an effective cytoplasmic target for killing cancer cells selectively. Herein, we report the therapeutic use of a newly developed GR-targeted liposomal concoction (DXE) coformulating a lipophilic drug (ESC8) and an anti-Hsp90 anticancer gene against aggressive tumor models. This induced drug-sensitivity and apoptosis while reversing EMT in tumor cells toward effective retardation of aggressive growth in pancreas and skin tumor models. Additionally, the ESC8-free lipid formulation upon cotreatment with hydrophilic drugs, gemcitabine and doxorubicin, could effectively sensitize and kill pancreatic cancer and melanoma cells, respectively. The formulation-triggered EMT-reversal was GR-dependent. Overall, we found a new strategy for drug sensitization that led to the advent of new GR-targeted anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Sudhakar Jinka
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Krishnendu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Swetha Nelli
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Shamit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M AlKharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
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15
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Bollu VS, Barui AK, Mondal SK, Prashar S, Fajardo M, Briones D, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Patra CR, Gómez-Ruiz S. Curcumin-loaded silica-based mesoporous materials: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic properties against cancer cells. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 63:393-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Ahmad A, Mondal SK, Mukhopadhyay D, Banerjee R, Alkharfy KM. Development of Liposomal Formulation for Delivering Anticancer Drug to Breast Cancer Stem-Cell-Like Cells and its Pharmacokinetics in an Animal Model. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1081-8. [PMID: 26832839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to develop a liposomal formulation for delivering anticancer drug to breast cancer stem-cell-like cells, ANV-1, and evaluate its pharmacokinetics in an animal model. The anticancer drug ESC8 was used in dexamethasone (Dex)-associated liposome (DX) to form ESC8-entrapped liposome named DXE. ANV-1 cells showed high-level expression of NRP-1. To enhance tumor regression, we additionally adapted to codeliver the NRP-1 shRNA-encoded plasmid using the established DXE liposome. In vivo efficacy of DXE-NRP-1 was carried out in mice bearing ANV-1 cells as xenograft tumors and the extent of tumor growth inhibition was evaluated by tumor-size measurement. A significant difference in tumor volume started to reveal between DXE-NRP-1 group and DXE-Control group. DXE-NRP-1 group showed ∼4 folds and ∼2.5 folds smaller tumor volume than exhibited by untreated and DXE-Control-treated groups, respectively. DXE disposition was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats following an intraperitoneal dose (3.67 mg/kg of ESC8 in DXE). The plasma concentrations of ESC8 in the DXE formulation were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using a noncompartmental analysis. ESC8 had a half-life of 11.01 ± 0.29 h, clearance of 2.10 ± 3.63 L/kg/h, and volume of distribution of 33.42 ± 0.83 L/kg. This suggests that the DXE liposome formulation could be administered once or twice daily for therapeutic efficacy. In overall, we developed a potent liposomal formulation with favorable pharmacokinetic and tumor regressing profile that could sensitize and kill highly aggressive and drug-resistive cancer stem-cell-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sujan Kumar Mondal
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500007, India.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Anithakumari AM, Somashekhar SP, Mondal SK. Neurofibrosarcoma of the Subglottis-A Rare Case Report. Indian J Surg Oncol 2015; 6:113-5. [PMID: 26405416 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-014-0364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A frazzled man in his early thirties presented with a 4 year long history of frequent progressive airway obstruction. He had undergone two open laryngeal surgeries and multiple endolaryngeal procedures for excision of a subglottic lesion which recurred. Each time the histopathology showed a different entity ranging from hemangioma and fibrihystiocytic lesion and spindle cell carcinoma. Finally the case was proven to be an intermediate grade sarcoma of neurogenic origin. He underwent widefield laryngectomy with placement of Provox-2 prosthesis followed by radiotherapy. Five years following surgery, he is progressing well. The case is being reported for its rarity and also for the histogenetic problems associated with this group of lesions. Authors found only one other case of laryngeal neurofibrosarcoma that was reported 29 years back [3].
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Anithakumari
- Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, Manipal Hospital, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore, 560 017 India
| | - S P Somashekhar
- Department of Oncosurgery, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - S K Mondal
- Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, Manipal Hospital, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore, 560 017 India
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18
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Mondal SK, Alam MM. Tuberculous otitis media. Mymensingh Med J 2011; 20:343-348. [PMID: 21522113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases of developing countries including Bangladesh. It rarely affects the middle ear. The objective is to review the literature on tuberculous otitis media and know the facts, incidence, etiology, clinical presentation, investigations and treatment of tuberculous otitis media. It is characterized by painless otorrhoea which fails to respond to the usual antimicrobial treatment, in a patient with evidence of tubercle infection elsewhere followed by multiple tympanic membrane perforations, abundant granulation tissue, and bone necrosis, preauricular lymph node enlargement. Loss of hearing is also found in patients with development of the diseases seen by the otoscopy. Combination chemotherapy is prescribed. Surgery may be required in some cases to remove sequestra and improve drainage. A high level of clinical suspicion is needed for early diagnosis and antitubercular therapy should be started as soon as possible to prevent the possible complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mondal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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19
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Mondal SK, Sengupta SG. Hydatid cyst of radial bone. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2009; 48:321-323. [PMID: 21105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus or, less frequently Echinococcus multilocularis. The liver and lungs are most often affected; hydatid disease of radius without involvement of other sites is extremely rare. Osseous hydatid disease should be included in the differential diagnosis for cystic lesions of bone. The diagnosis of bone hydatidosis is primarily based on radiological and histopathological findings. Here we present a case of hydatid cyst in the lower third of radius in a 34-year old woman. The cysts were removed with wide excision and post-operative albendazole was given. No recurrence was observed on two years follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College Kolkata, Nepal.
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20
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Mondal SK, Dutta TK. A ten year clinicopathological study of female genital tuberculosis and impact on fertility. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2009; 48:52-57. [PMID: 19529059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine the histological pattern of involvement, clinical presentation, impact on fertility in women with genital tuberculosis. METHODS A total number of 68 cases of gynaecological tuberculosis affecting different parts of female genital tract from 56 patients were selected. The age range of the patients was 17-36 years with mean age of 25.6 years. The diagnostic procedures used included endometrial curettage and biopsy, histopathological examination, culture and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Polymerase Chain Reaction (MTB PCR), laparoscopy, Hysterosalpingography (HSG) and Ultrasonography (USG). Most of the specimens received were biopsies of endometrial curettage for evaluation of infertility. In 7 cases, specimens of total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were submitted with lesions involving multiple sites. RESULTS Patients presented with infertility (65-70%), pelvic/abdominal pain (50-55%), and menstrual disturbances (20-25%). Tuberculosis involved the endometrium in 55.88%, tubes in 23.53%, ovaries in 14.71% and cervix in 5.88% of the 68 cases. The endometrium(38 cases)was in the proliferative phase in 31 cases (81.57%), secretory phase in 4 cases (10.52%) and it was atrophic in 3 cases (7.89%).Caseation was present in 9 out of 68 cases and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain revealed Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) in tissue sections in only 4 cases . After therapy, 9 patients conceived of which 8 suffered spontaneous abortions. Only one patient had a successful pregnancy and the baby was born through caesarean section. CONCLUSIONS Genital tuberculosis is an important cause of female infertility in developing countries like India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Successful uterine pregnancy is rare after treatment and chances of ectopic pregnancy are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata-73, INDIA.
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21
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Dutta B, Ghosh R, Sharma NC, Pazhani GP, Taneja N, Raychowdhuri A, Sarkar BL, Mondal SK, Mukhopadhyay AK, Nandy RK, Bhattacharya MK, Bhattacharya SK, Ramamurthy T. Spread of cholera with newer clones of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor, serotype inaba, in India. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3391-3. [PMID: 16954282 PMCID: PMC1594734 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00632-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2004 and 2005, cholera was recorded in 15 states of India, with 7 outbreaks. The newly emerged Vibrio cholerae O1 Inaba had a different antibiogram and ribotype, different pulsotypes, and different mutations in the wbeT gene. Due to the absence of serogroup O139, the Inaba serotype may have acquired the potential to affect the population at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dutta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C. I. T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata-700 010, India
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22
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Mondal SK, Chakrabarti S, Bhattacharya R, Bandyopadhyay D, Chakraborty PP, Nath U, Bandyopadhyay R, Mandal L. Observations of hepatic encephalopathy profile in a tertiary care centre. J Indian Med Assoc 2006; 104:516-8, 524. [PMID: 17388010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted among 67 patients presenting with hepatic encephalopathy to establish the aetiological diagnosis and record the incidence of acute and chronic liver diseases. They all had undergone thorough clinical and laboratory evaluation. The factor precipitating encephalopathy was also identified. Among 67 patients 19 (28.4%) had acute liver disease and 48 (71.6%) had chronic liver disease. Majority of patients had grade 2 encephalopathy at presentation. Among the acute cases most common aetiology was acute viral hepatitis due to hepatitis B and E viruses whereas alcoholic liver disease was the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease. The most common precipitating factor was gastro-intestinal haemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mondal
- Department of Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata
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23
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Mondal SK, Neelima M, Seetha Rama Reddy K, Ananda Rao K, Srinivasan VA. Validation of the inactivant binary ethylenimine for inactivating rabies virus for veterinary rabies vaccine production. Biologicals 2006; 33:185-9. [PMID: 16084736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabies vaccine is produced by inactivation of rabies virus propagated on BHK21 cells. In the rabies inactivation process, BEI is added at a final concentration of 1.6 mM to the viral harvest at 37 degrees C, followed by a second dose of BEI at 24 h post-inactivation. Inactivation was confirmed by the mice innocuity test and tissue culture amplification test as per B.P (Vet) 2004. Validation of test procedure is essential as per cGMP requirement. The dose of BEI was validated by using lower and higher concentrations of BEI in inactivation process. The study indicated that BEI at a lower concentration (0.4 mM) was able to inactivate the rabies virus within 30 h and the routine concentration (1.6 mM) of BEI is effective in inactivating rabies virus within 18 h. The amplification test used for confirming the inactivation of the live virus was validated by spiking the sample with different dilutions of pretitrated live rabies virus. The test revealed that the amplification method is sensitive to detect live rabies virus if present in the inactivated sample. The validation of BEI as an inactivant and the amplification test are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mondal
- Indian Immunologicals Limited, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 019, India
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24
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Gupta DN, Mondal SK, Sarkar BL, Mukherjee S, Bhattacharya SK. An el tor cholera outbreak amongst tribal population in Tripura. J Commun Dis 2004; 36:271-6. [PMID: 16506550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of acute diarrhoeal disease occurred in Dhalai and North Tripura district, Tripura during month of May 2004. An investigation was done to identify causative agent with anti microbial susceptibility pattern and to know the epidemiological feature. Overall attack rate and Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was 18.8%. and 6.9/1000 respectively. Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor, Ogawa was isolated as sole pathogen in 40% of hospitalized acute diarrhoea patient and from a water samples examined. The strains were sensitive to Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, and Azithromycin. Bad peridomestic sanitation, use of contaminated surface water along with low literacy, lack of personal hygiene, frequent movement might be the factor associated with persistence and spread of pathogen amongst tribal groups leading to outbreak of cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Gupta
- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Gupta DN, Mondal SK, Ghosh S, Rajendran K, Sur D, Manna B. Impact of zinc supplementation on diarrhoeal morbidity in rural children of West Bengal, India. Acta Paediatr 2003; 92:531-6. [PMID: 12839279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of zinc supplementation in reducing diarrhoeal morbidity in children. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, community-based intervention study was conducted in 280 rural children aged between 6 and 41 mo. Children were randomly allocated into three groups. One group received a daily dose of 10 mg zinc for 5 d wk(-1), another group received 50 mg zinc once weekly and the remaining group received placebo. Zinc was supplemented for 16 wk from November 1999. Diarrhoeal episodes were detected by weekly surveillance during the supplementation period. RESULTS Eighty diarrhoeal episodes were detected among 59 children in all 3 groups. The groups were compared with each other at baseline and as regard to the outcome variable (incidence of diarrhoea). The proportion of children suffering from diarrhoea during the period was significantly lower in the zinc-supplemented groups (15.8% in daily and 16.5% in weekly group) than in the placebo group (30.8%). The incidence of diarrhoea in the daily and weekly zinc-supplemented groups was 0.68 and 0.69 episodes child(-1) y(-1), and that in the placebo group was 1.67 episodes child(-1) y(-1) (relative risk 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.71). Diarrhoeal incidence of < 4 d duration was found to occur significantly less often in the supplemented groups. There was no difference in diarrhoeal incidence between the daily and weekly zinc-supplemented children. There were no detected adverse reactions in any of the supplemented groups. CONCLUSION The study indicates that zinc supplementation is effective in reducing diarrhoeal morbidity when administered either daily or in a weekly schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Gupta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, India.
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Anupama, Hemanth KS, Mondal SK, Rai G. Sinonasal tuberculosis in diabetics : An unusual presentation and diagnosis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003; 55:121-3. [PMID: 23119957 DOI: 10.1007/bf02974618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sino-nasal Tuberculosis constitutes 5-6% of Head & Neck tuberculosis1. We present two cases of sino-nasal tuberculosis in diabetic hosts not only due to the clinical rarity and unusual presentation as in one case which presented with subperiosteal abscess, but also to emphasize on the effective modality of management which constituted transnasal endoscopic clearance supplemented with antitubercular regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama
- Dept of ENT, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore
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Abstract
The fish, Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1839), is recorded as a new host of Aphanomyces laevis de Bary, 1860. It is the first and only report of any oomycete causing disease on A. panchax. Aphanomyces laevis was found to be a virulent parasite of A. panchax that caused cotton-wool disease involving the skin and fins. The hyphae also penetrated deep into the tissues of the infected fish and all of them ultimately died.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mondal
- Department of Industrial Fish and Fisheries, Burdwan Raj College, West Bengal, India
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Sur D, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Dutta P, Gupta DN, Ghosh S, Pandey A, Ramamurthy T, Bhattacharya SK. A localised outbreak of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Kolkata, West Bengal. Indian J Med Res 2002; 115:149-52. [PMID: 12239837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES An explosive outbreak of diarrhoeal disease which occurred in the Baishnabghata, Patuli area of Kolkata Municipal Corporation during September 28 to October 12, 2000, was investigated by a team from the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, to identify the causative agent and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. METHODS Clinical and epidemiological data were collected from domiciliary cases and also from patients attending two medical camps that had been set up for the purpose. Stool and water samples were collected for isolation of diarrhoeagenic pathogens. RESULTS A total of 710 cases of diarrhoea occurred with an attack rate of 7.1 per cent; majority were adults. All 6 faecal samples and 2 water samples collected, were positive for Vibrio cholerae O139. The strains were uniformly (100%) susceptible to the commonly used drugs for cholera such as tetracycline, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole and nalidixic acid but resistant (100%) to furazolidone and ampicillin. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION This is the first localised outbreak of V. cholerae O139 in Kolkata since the devastating epidemic in 1992. Extensive chlorination of all water sources resulted in a dramatic decline of the outbreak. The appearance of resistance in V. cholerae O139 to furazolidone is a matter of great concern since this drug is used for the treatment of cholera in children and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sur
- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases (ICMR), Kolkata, India
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Abstract
A water soluble gum polysaccharide was isolated from Murraya paniculata fruits. Hydrolytic experiments, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation studies and NMR data revealed that the polysaccharide was extensively branched and it consisted of 1,3-, and 1,3,6-linked beta-D-galactopyranosyl units, terminal beta-D-galactopyranosyl units and terminal alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 1,4-beta-D-galactopyranosyl units. Small amounts of 4-O-methylglucuronic acid residues were also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713 104, India
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Sur D, Mondal SK, Gupta DN, Ghosh S, Manna B, Sengupta PG. Impact of breastfeeding on weight gain and incidence of diarrhea among low birth weight infants of an urban slum of Calcutta. Indian Pediatr 2001; 38:381-4. [PMID: 11313509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Sur
- Division of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Calcutta 700010, India.
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Abstract
The water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from the vascular gel of Musa paradisiaca, were fractionated via anion exchange chromatography into four fractions. Fractionated polymers contained arabinose, xylose and galacturonic acid as major sugars, together with traces of galactose, rhamnose, mannose and glucose residues. Methylation analysis revealed the presence of a highly branched arabinoxylan with a significant amount of terminal arabinopyranosyl units and an arabinogalactan type I pectin. Periodate oxidation studies supported the results of methylation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, 713 104, W.B., Burdwan, India
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Sircar BK, Ghosh S, Sengupta PG, Gupta DN, Mondal SK, Sur D, Deb M, Manna B, Bhattacharya SK. Impact of vitamin A supplementation to rural children on morbidity due to diarrhoea. Indian J Med Res 2001; 113:53-59. [PMID: 21901907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES a number of studies have shown the association between vitamin A deficiency and the increased risk of diarrhoeal and other childhood morbidities and mortality. However, some studies have raised controversies regarding the reduction of the incidence of diarrhoea after vitamin A supplementation to children. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation to young rural children in reducing the incidence of diarrhoea. METHODS a double-blind randomized intervention trial was carried out amongst 404 rural children between 6-59 months of age to assess the impact of vitamin A supplementation on morbidity due to diarrhoea. Children aged 6-59 months were enrolled and allocated to receive either 200,000 or 50,000 IU of vitamin A and the same dose was repeated after six months. Morbidity due to diarrhoea was observed by twice-a-week household surveillance, during the subsequent one year of follow up. The incidence of diarrhoea was compared between the two supplemented groups. In addition, the overall incidence of diarrhoea n the two supplemented groups was also compared with the incidence observed during the year preceding supplementation. RESULTS the incidence of diarrhoea was similar in the two supplemented groups (Incidence Rate Ratio = 1.05. 95% C. I. 0.79-1.40). However, the overall incidence of diarrhoea among all the children in the two supplemented groups (0.56 episodes/child/year) was significantly lower than the incidence before supplementation (1.15 episodes/child/year). The Incidence Rate Ratio was 0.49 with 95% C.I 0.40-0.59. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS the results of this study indicate that vitamin A supplementation in a dose of 200,000 IU, has no additional advantage over 50,000 IU, at least when the aim is to reduce the incidence of diarrhoea. For control of morbidity due to diarrhoea, vitamin A supplementation in a dose of 50,000 IU every six months appears to be adequate, cost effective and suitable for younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Sircar
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR), Kolkata, India
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Mondal SK, Sarkar S. Coupling of a laser diode to single-mode fiber with an upside-down tapered lens end. Appl Opt 1999; 38:6272-6277. [PMID: 18324151 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.006272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present in detail a simple analysis of the coupling efficiency and possible transverse and angular misalignment losses of a laser diode to single-mode, step-index fiber excitation with an upside-down tapered lens (UDTL) end, drawn by molding the end of a step-index fiber. The analysis employs our recently formulated ABCD matrix for an UDTL and has the advantage of simplicity compared with complicated methods involving cumbersome numerical integrations. Both the analysis and the results should be useful in designing coupling optics that use such lenses in the context of probable misalignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mondal
- Fiber Optics Research Group, Department of Electronic Science, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Calcutta 700 009, India
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Ghosh S, Sengupta PG, Gupta DN, Mondal SK, Goswami M, Bhattacharya SK, Sircar BK. Maternal knowledge on risk behavioural practices and it's association with diarrhoea in a rural community of West Bengal, India. J Commun Dis 1998; 30:251-5. [PMID: 10810565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of rural mothers related to five diarrhoeagenic risk behaviours, identified in an earlier study, was ascertained. A high proportion of mothers (67%-79%) had knowledge about risk of bottle feeding, non-use of soap for cleaning feeding containers, storage of drinking water in wide-mouthed vessels and indiscriminate disposal of children's faeces. However, only around 31% of mothers were aware about danger of using pond water for cleaning feeding containers. Risk behavioural practices were less amongst mothers who had knowledge about them. Risk of diarrhoea amongst children of mothers having risk practice without knowledge as compared to those who utilised their knowledge to avoid risk practice was found significantly higher (p < or = 0.005) except for bottle feeding (p = 0.330). The results of this study indicate that children can be protected significantly from diarrhoea if mothers' diarrhoeagenic behaviours can be altered through educational intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta, India
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35
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Mondal SK, Gangopadhyay S, Sarkar S. Analysis of an upside-down taper lens end from a single-mode step-index fiber. Appl Opt 1998; 37:1006-1009. [PMID: 18268676 DOI: 10.1364/ao.37.001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We introduce and analyze the upside-down taper lens end drawn from step-index fibers. Also, we model the refractive-index distribution and present the ABCD transformation matrix of this fiber end under paraxial approximation. The analysis can be useful for designing micro-optic image systems and laser diodes to single-mode fiber coupling optics.
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36
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Gupta DN, Saha DR, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Ghosh S, Saha MR, Bhattacharya SK, Sircar BK. Value of faecal leucocyte count as an indicator of invasiveness in mucoid diarrhoea. J Commun Dis 1997; 29:329-32. [PMID: 10085638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Importance of faecal leucocyte count as an indicator of invasiveness in mucoid diarrhoea was studied. A total of 290 faecal specimen, 170 from mucoid diarrhoea and 120 from watery diarrhoea were examined for faecal leucocyte count under high power field (hpf) from rural children below four years of age during the period from November 1992 to October 1995. Faecal leucocyte count > 10/hpf was noted in 45.9% of mucoid diarrhoea as against 19.2% of watery diarrhoea (p < 0.0001) samples. From faecal samples with > 10 faecal leucocyte count, invasive pathogens could be recovered in 19 (24.5%) to none of 23 patients with watery diarrhoea (p < 0.006 Fisher exact test). This sample test appears to be of value as an indicator of invasiveness in mucoid diarrhoea in the absence of culture facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Gupta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta
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37
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Radhakutty G, Sircar BK, Mondal SK, Mukhopadhyay AK, Mitra RK, Basu A, Ichhpujani RL, Nair GB, Bhattacharya SK. Investigation of the outbreak of cholera in Alleppey & Palghat districts, south India. Indian J Med Res 1997; 106:455-7. [PMID: 9415739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In May 1996, a massive outbreak of cholera occurred in Alleppey district of Kerala which spread to Palghat district by July 1996. Of the 575 patients hospitalized at the Alleppey Medical College hospital between May 1 and August 2, 1996, 30 deaths occurred with a case fatality rate of 5.2 per cent while of the 638 diarrhoea patients admitted at Agali PHC of Attapadi area in Palghat district, 30 (4.7%) deaths were recorded. Clinically, the patients had profuse watery diarrhoea with vomiting. The epidemic of cholera in Alleppey and Palghat districts was caused by V. cholerae O1 of the EITor biotype, Ogawa serotype which possessed both the ctxA and tcpA genes when examined by multiplex PCR. Gross contamination of water sources was incriminated as the cause of the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Radhakutty
- Department of Microbiology, T.D. Medical College, Alleppey
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38
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Dutta S, Mondal SK, Saha MR, Sengupta PG, Gupta DN, Ghosh S, Sircar BK. Isolation of Escherichia coli to detect faecal contamination of infants and their mothers in West Bengal. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1997; 15:173-6. [PMID: 9473882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to gain insight into the sources of faecal contamination of infants in rural Bengal. It was carried out in three villages near Calcutta, India, from June 1993 to August 1995 among 148 infants and their mothers. Escherichia coli was used as an indicator of faecal pollution. A total of 725 samples, including hand rinsings of children and mothers, feeding utensils and leftover food were examined. The total isolation rate of faecal E. coli was 30%. The isolation rates from hands of children and mothers were 17% and 40% respectively. The germs from 30% of utensils and 59% of leftover food and drinks were recovered further. The study highlights the precarious hygiene in rural Bengal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, India
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Ghosh S, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Banu MK, Gupta DN, Sircar BK. Risk behavioural practices of rural mothers as determinants of childhood diarrhoea. J Commun Dis 1997; 29:7-14. [PMID: 9282523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal behaviours related to certain child care practices which possibly have a contributory role in causation of diarrhoea in children were studied. Comparison was made between behaviours of mothers in 108 families having diarrhoeal children (Case families) with mothers of 72 families having age and neighbourhood matched non diarrhoeal children (control families) using a logistic regression model. Five risk behaviours were identified and these are bottle feeding (OR-2.87; CI-1.30 to 6.34), non-use of soap for cleaning feeding container (OR-2.61; CI-1.30 to 5.23), water storage in wide-mouthed container (OR-2.75; CI-1.27 to 5.96), use of pond water for the same (OR-2.36; CI-1.15 to 4.84) and indiscriminate disposal of children's stool (OR-1.99; CI-0.97 to 4.08). Around 83 per cent of diarrhoeal families could be predicted using these five variables only. The first three of these five risk behaviours were responsible for occurrence of significantly higher incidence (3 or more episodes) of diarrhoea in the case families. All these risk behaviours are amenable to change if suitable intervention is initiated. The result of this study would be helpful in reducing diarrhoea associated morbidity to a substantial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta
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40
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Mondal SK, Gupta PG, Gupta DN, Ghosh S, Sikder SN, Rajendran K, Saha MR, Sircar BK, Bhattacharya SK. Occurrence of diarrhoeal diseases in relation to infant feeding practices in a rural community in West Bengal, India. Acta Paediatr 1996; 85:1159-62. [PMID: 8922075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In a rural community-based prospective study, diarrhoea in relation to the feeding patterns of a cohort of infants was studied. A total of 148 infants between the ages of 0 and 2 months were enrolled and followed until the completion of 1 year of age. Survival analysis showed that by the fourth month of age exclusive breastfeeding dropped by 75%. The proportion of complementary breastfeeding increased from 18.6 to 52.9% during the same period and to 83.7% by the eighth month. This study clearly highlights the tendency for early switch over from exclusive breastfeeding to complementary breastfeeding. Early weaning was associated with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 3.02 (95% CI 1.043-8.802). The IRR of 3.02 and its confidence limits (1.043-8.02) suggest a significant protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against diarrhoea in infants. The results of this study indicate that promotion of exclusive breastfeeding has a potential role to reduce the incidence of diarrhoea amongst infants. The findings of this study will be useful for Diarrhoeal Disease Control Programme in reducing diarrhoeal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mondal
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta, India
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Gupta DN, Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, Ghosh S, Banu MK, Mondal SK, Saha DR, De SP, Sikdar SN, Manna B, Dutta S, Saha NC. Epidemiological and clinical profiles of acute invasive diarrhoea with special reference to mucoid episodes: a rural community-based longitudinal study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90:544-7. [PMID: 8944269 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was carried out in 3 villages near Calcutta, India, having a population of 5464, between August 1992 and December 1994. A cohort of rural children below 4 years of age was prospectively observed to determine the clinico-epidemiological aspects of mucoid diarrhoea and examine propensity to invasiveness. Overall, the incidence of diarrhoea was 1.7 episodes/child/year, and that of mucoid and bloody dysentery was 0.8 and 0.2 episodes/child/year, respectively. Children aged 6-11 months had a higher incidence of mucoid diarrhoea (1.3 episodes/child/year) and the peak season occurred in June and July. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that mucoid diarrhoea and bloody dysentery were closely similar in both clinical and laboratory findings, including raised faecal leucocyte count (> 10/high power microscope field [hpf]). However, abdominal pain occurred more frequently in bloody dysentery than in mucoid diarrhoea. Faecal leucocyte count (> 10/hpf) can therefore be used as an indicator for invasiveness of mucoid diarrhoea at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Gupta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, India
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42
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Reynolds DR, Smith AD, Mukhopadhyay S, Chowdhury AK, De BK, Nath PS, Mondal SK, Das BK, Mukhopadhyay S. Atmospheric transport of mosquitoes in northeast India. Med Vet Entomol 1996; 10:185-186. [PMID: 8744713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D R Reynolds
- Natural Resources Institute, Radar Entomology Unit, Malvern, U.K
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Saha DR, Gupta DN, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Ghosh S, Saha NC, Sikder SN, Sircar BK. Intestinal parasitism: a childhood problem in rural Bengal. J Commun Dis 1995; 27:170-174. [PMID: 9163712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to assess the parasitic infection rate in a rural community of West Bengal amongst children below four years of age suffering from gastrointestinal complaints. A total of 221 faecal samples were examined during November 1992 to April 1994. G. lamblia (17.2%) and E. histolytica (8.1%) were the predominant protozoas, whereas E. vermicularis (12.2%) and A. lumbricoides (8.1%) were found to be common amongst helminthic infection. A significantly lower infection rate was observed in children below one year (24.4 per cent) as compared to older age groups (66.4 per cent).
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Saha
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Scheme-XM Beliaghata, Calcutta
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Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Ghosh S, Gupta DN, Sikder SN, Sircar BK. Review on development and community implementation of oral rehydration therapy. Indian J Public Health 1994; 38:50-7. [PMID: 7835996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The review of the current status and implementation of Oral Rehydration Therapy at the community level have been presented in this communication with special emphasis on its development, ORS access rate, ORS use rate and home available fluids. The global ORS supply has gone up an increased eleven folds since 1981. Similarly the ORS access rate has also increase from 46% to 68% in 1991. However, the global ORS use rate was low (21%). The major constraints during ORT implementation which have been reported by several scientists are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Sengupta
- Division of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta
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45
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Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Gupta DN, Saha NC, Ghosh S, Deb BC, Pal SC. Effect of handwashing on the incidence of diarrhoea in a Calcutta slum. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1987; 5:112-4. [PMID: 3450726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Deb BC, Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, De SP, Mondal SK, Gupta DN, Saha NC, Ghosh S, Mitra U, Pal SC. Studies on interventions to prevent eltor cholera transmission in urban slums. Bull World Health Organ 1986; 64:127-31. [PMID: 3488134 PMCID: PMC2490926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of eltor cholera infection in endemic communities continues without diminishing because of the absence of effective intervention measures. Two methods-chlorination of stored water and the use of a narrow-necked earthenware vessel (called a 'sorai') for storing the water-were found to be effective in reducing the transmission of infection among the family contacts of cholera patients. The cholera carrier rates in the chlorination and 'sorai' intervention groups were 7.3% and 4.4%, respectively, compared with 17.3% in the control group. The 'sorai' is cheap and was well accepted by the local communities; its narrow neck prevented the introduction of the hand and contamination of the stored water.
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Sinha GM, Mondal SK, Ghosal SK. Meiosis and spermiogenesis in a freshwater teleost fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch): an estimation of their duration by autoradiographic method. CYTOLOGIA 1983; 48:87-93. [PMID: 6851677 DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.48.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sinha GM, Mondal SK, Ghosal S. Autoradiographic studies on the chronology of meiosis and spermiogenesis in a freshwater teleost fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch). CYTOLOGIA 1982; 47:309-15. [PMID: 7140379 DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.47.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Sinha GM, Mondal SK. Detection and localization of phosphatases, DNA, glycogen, mucopolysaccharides and bound lipids in the testis of a teleost fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch) during the annual cyclical changes by histochemical methods. Mikroskopie 1982; 39:1-13. [PMID: 6280108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sinha GM, Mondal SK. Detection and localization of alkaline phosphatase, DNA, glycogen, mucopolysaccharides and bound lipids in the testis of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch), during the annual cyclical changes by histochemical methods. Mikroskopie 1981; 38:228-40. [PMID: 6457255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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