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Chuttani HK, Sidhu AS, Wig KL, Gupta DN, Ramalingaswami V. Follow-up Study of Cases from the Delhi Epidemic of Infectious Hepatitis of 1955-6. Br Med J 2011; 2:676-9. [PMID: 20791111 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5515.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sharma BB, Varshney MD, Gupta DN, Prakash AO. Antifertility Screening of Plants. Part I. Effect of Ten Indigenous Plants on Early Pregnancy in Albino Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/13880208309070640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gupta DN, Mondal SK, Sarkar BL, Mukherjee S, Bhattacharya SK. An el tor cholera outbreak amongst tribal population in Tripura. J Commun Dis 2004; 36:271-6. [PMID: 16506550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of acute diarrhoeal disease occurred in Dhalai and North Tripura district, Tripura during month of May 2004. An investigation was done to identify causative agent with anti microbial susceptibility pattern and to know the epidemiological feature. Overall attack rate and Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was 18.8%. and 6.9/1000 respectively. Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor, Ogawa was isolated as sole pathogen in 40% of hospitalized acute diarrhoea patient and from a water samples examined. The strains were sensitive to Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, and Azithromycin. Bad peridomestic sanitation, use of contaminated surface water along with low literacy, lack of personal hygiene, frequent movement might be the factor associated with persistence and spread of pathogen amongst tribal groups leading to outbreak of cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Gupta
- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Singh KP, Gupta DN, Tripathi VK, Gupta VL. Electron acceleration by a self-diverging intense laser pulse. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 69:046406. [PMID: 15169105 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.046406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electron acceleration by a laser pulse having a Gaussian radial and temporal profile of intensity has been studied. The interaction region is vacuum followed by a gas. The starting point of the gas region has been chosen around the point at which the peak of the pulse interacts with the electron. The tunnel ionization of the gas causes a defocusing of the laser pulse and the electron experiences the action of a ponderomotive deceleration at the trailing part of the pulse with a lower intensity rather than an acceleration at the rising part of the laser pulse with a high intensity, and thus gains net energy. The initial density of the neutral gas atoms should be high enough to properly defocus the pulse; otherwise the electron experiences some deceleration during the trailing part of the pulse and the net energy gain is reduced. The rate of tunnel ionization increases with the increase in the laser intensity and the initial density of neutral gas atoms, and with the decreases in the laser spot size, which causes more defocusing of the laser pulse. The required initial density of neutral gas atoms decreases with the increase in the laser intensity and also with the decrease in the laser spot size.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110016, India.
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Gupta DN, Mondal SK, Ghosh S, Rajendran K, Sur D, Manna B. Impact of zinc supplementation on diarrhoeal morbidity in rural children of West Bengal, India. Acta Paediatr 2003; 92:531-6. [PMID: 12839279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of zinc supplementation in reducing diarrhoeal morbidity in children. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, community-based intervention study was conducted in 280 rural children aged between 6 and 41 mo. Children were randomly allocated into three groups. One group received a daily dose of 10 mg zinc for 5 d wk(-1), another group received 50 mg zinc once weekly and the remaining group received placebo. Zinc was supplemented for 16 wk from November 1999. Diarrhoeal episodes were detected by weekly surveillance during the supplementation period. RESULTS Eighty diarrhoeal episodes were detected among 59 children in all 3 groups. The groups were compared with each other at baseline and as regard to the outcome variable (incidence of diarrhoea). The proportion of children suffering from diarrhoea during the period was significantly lower in the zinc-supplemented groups (15.8% in daily and 16.5% in weekly group) than in the placebo group (30.8%). The incidence of diarrhoea in the daily and weekly zinc-supplemented groups was 0.68 and 0.69 episodes child(-1) y(-1), and that in the placebo group was 1.67 episodes child(-1) y(-1) (relative risk 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.71). Diarrhoeal incidence of < 4 d duration was found to occur significantly less often in the supplemented groups. There was no difference in diarrhoeal incidence between the daily and weekly zinc-supplemented children. There were no detected adverse reactions in any of the supplemented groups. CONCLUSION The study indicates that zinc supplementation is effective in reducing diarrhoeal morbidity when administered either daily or in a weekly schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Gupta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, India.
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Sur D, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Dutta P, Gupta DN, Ghosh S, Pandey A, Ramamurthy T, Bhattacharya SK. A localised outbreak of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Kolkata, West Bengal. Indian J Med Res 2002; 115:149-52. [PMID: 12239837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES An explosive outbreak of diarrhoeal disease which occurred in the Baishnabghata, Patuli area of Kolkata Municipal Corporation during September 28 to October 12, 2000, was investigated by a team from the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, to identify the causative agent and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. METHODS Clinical and epidemiological data were collected from domiciliary cases and also from patients attending two medical camps that had been set up for the purpose. Stool and water samples were collected for isolation of diarrhoeagenic pathogens. RESULTS A total of 710 cases of diarrhoea occurred with an attack rate of 7.1 per cent; majority were adults. All 6 faecal samples and 2 water samples collected, were positive for Vibrio cholerae O139. The strains were uniformly (100%) susceptible to the commonly used drugs for cholera such as tetracycline, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole and nalidixic acid but resistant (100%) to furazolidone and ampicillin. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION This is the first localised outbreak of V. cholerae O139 in Kolkata since the devastating epidemic in 1992. Extensive chlorination of all water sources resulted in a dramatic decline of the outbreak. The appearance of resistance in V. cholerae O139 to furazolidone is a matter of great concern since this drug is used for the treatment of cholera in children and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sur
- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases (ICMR), Kolkata, India
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Sur D, Mondal SK, Gupta DN, Ghosh S, Manna B, Sengupta PG. Impact of breastfeeding on weight gain and incidence of diarrhea among low birth weight infants of an urban slum of Calcutta. Indian Pediatr 2001; 38:381-4. [PMID: 11313509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Sur
- Division of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Calcutta 700010, India.
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Sircar BK, Ghosh S, Sengupta PG, Gupta DN, Mondal SK, Sur D, Deb M, Manna B, Bhattacharya SK. Impact of vitamin A supplementation to rural children on morbidity due to diarrhoea. Indian J Med Res 2001; 113:53-59. [PMID: 21901907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES a number of studies have shown the association between vitamin A deficiency and the increased risk of diarrhoeal and other childhood morbidities and mortality. However, some studies have raised controversies regarding the reduction of the incidence of diarrhoea after vitamin A supplementation to children. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation to young rural children in reducing the incidence of diarrhoea. METHODS a double-blind randomized intervention trial was carried out amongst 404 rural children between 6-59 months of age to assess the impact of vitamin A supplementation on morbidity due to diarrhoea. Children aged 6-59 months were enrolled and allocated to receive either 200,000 or 50,000 IU of vitamin A and the same dose was repeated after six months. Morbidity due to diarrhoea was observed by twice-a-week household surveillance, during the subsequent one year of follow up. The incidence of diarrhoea was compared between the two supplemented groups. In addition, the overall incidence of diarrhoea n the two supplemented groups was also compared with the incidence observed during the year preceding supplementation. RESULTS the incidence of diarrhoea was similar in the two supplemented groups (Incidence Rate Ratio = 1.05. 95% C. I. 0.79-1.40). However, the overall incidence of diarrhoea among all the children in the two supplemented groups (0.56 episodes/child/year) was significantly lower than the incidence before supplementation (1.15 episodes/child/year). The Incidence Rate Ratio was 0.49 with 95% C.I 0.40-0.59. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS the results of this study indicate that vitamin A supplementation in a dose of 200,000 IU, has no additional advantage over 50,000 IU, at least when the aim is to reduce the incidence of diarrhoea. For control of morbidity due to diarrhoea, vitamin A supplementation in a dose of 50,000 IU every six months appears to be adequate, cost effective and suitable for younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Sircar
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR), Kolkata, India
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Gupta DN, Sarkar BL, Bhattacharya MK, Sengupta PG, Bhattacharya SK. An El Tor cholera outbreak in Maldah district, West Bengal. J Commun Dis 1999; 31:49-52. [PMID: 10810587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of cholera occurred in Maldah district, West Bengal during July-August 1998. Attack rate was 34/1000. Cases were more (59.3%) amongst adults (> 15 years.). V. cholerae 01 biotype E1 Tor serotype ogawa was isolated as a single pathogen from 52.9% (9/17 samples examined). All V. cholerae strains belonged to phage type 2 (Basu and Mukherjee scheme) and type 27 (new phage type scheme). The strains were resistant to co-trimoxazole, furazolidone, ampicillin, streptomycin and nalidixic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Gupta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta
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Ghosh S, Sengupta PG, Gupta DN, Mondal SK, Goswami M, Bhattacharya SK, Sircar BK. Maternal knowledge on risk behavioural practices and it's association with diarrhoea in a rural community of West Bengal, India. J Commun Dis 1998; 30:251-5. [PMID: 10810565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of rural mothers related to five diarrhoeagenic risk behaviours, identified in an earlier study, was ascertained. A high proportion of mothers (67%-79%) had knowledge about risk of bottle feeding, non-use of soap for cleaning feeding containers, storage of drinking water in wide-mouthed vessels and indiscriminate disposal of children's faeces. However, only around 31% of mothers were aware about danger of using pond water for cleaning feeding containers. Risk behavioural practices were less amongst mothers who had knowledge about them. Risk of diarrhoea amongst children of mothers having risk practice without knowledge as compared to those who utilised their knowledge to avoid risk practice was found significantly higher (p < or = 0.005) except for bottle feeding (p = 0.330). The results of this study indicate that children can be protected significantly from diarrhoea if mothers' diarrhoeagenic behaviours can be altered through educational intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta, India
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Gupta DN, Saha DR, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Ghosh S, Saha MR, Bhattacharya SK, Sircar BK. Value of faecal leucocyte count as an indicator of invasiveness in mucoid diarrhoea. J Commun Dis 1997; 29:329-32. [PMID: 10085638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Importance of faecal leucocyte count as an indicator of invasiveness in mucoid diarrhoea was studied. A total of 290 faecal specimen, 170 from mucoid diarrhoea and 120 from watery diarrhoea were examined for faecal leucocyte count under high power field (hpf) from rural children below four years of age during the period from November 1992 to October 1995. Faecal leucocyte count > 10/hpf was noted in 45.9% of mucoid diarrhoea as against 19.2% of watery diarrhoea (p < 0.0001) samples. From faecal samples with > 10 faecal leucocyte count, invasive pathogens could be recovered in 19 (24.5%) to none of 23 patients with watery diarrhoea (p < 0.006 Fisher exact test). This sample test appears to be of value as an indicator of invasiveness in mucoid diarrhoea in the absence of culture facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Gupta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta
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Dutta S, Mondal SK, Saha MR, Sengupta PG, Gupta DN, Ghosh S, Sircar BK. Isolation of Escherichia coli to detect faecal contamination of infants and their mothers in West Bengal. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1997; 15:173-6. [PMID: 9473882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to gain insight into the sources of faecal contamination of infants in rural Bengal. It was carried out in three villages near Calcutta, India, from June 1993 to August 1995 among 148 infants and their mothers. Escherichia coli was used as an indicator of faecal pollution. A total of 725 samples, including hand rinsings of children and mothers, feeding utensils and leftover food were examined. The total isolation rate of faecal E. coli was 30%. The isolation rates from hands of children and mothers were 17% and 40% respectively. The germs from 30% of utensils and 59% of leftover food and drinks were recovered further. The study highlights the precarious hygiene in rural Bengal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, India
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Ghosh S, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Banu MK, Gupta DN, Sircar BK. Risk behavioural practices of rural mothers as determinants of childhood diarrhoea. J Commun Dis 1997; 29:7-14. [PMID: 9282523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal behaviours related to certain child care practices which possibly have a contributory role in causation of diarrhoea in children were studied. Comparison was made between behaviours of mothers in 108 families having diarrhoeal children (Case families) with mothers of 72 families having age and neighbourhood matched non diarrhoeal children (control families) using a logistic regression model. Five risk behaviours were identified and these are bottle feeding (OR-2.87; CI-1.30 to 6.34), non-use of soap for cleaning feeding container (OR-2.61; CI-1.30 to 5.23), water storage in wide-mouthed container (OR-2.75; CI-1.27 to 5.96), use of pond water for the same (OR-2.36; CI-1.15 to 4.84) and indiscriminate disposal of children's stool (OR-1.99; CI-0.97 to 4.08). Around 83 per cent of diarrhoeal families could be predicted using these five variables only. The first three of these five risk behaviours were responsible for occurrence of significantly higher incidence (3 or more episodes) of diarrhoea in the case families. All these risk behaviours are amenable to change if suitable intervention is initiated. The result of this study would be helpful in reducing diarrhoea associated morbidity to a substantial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta
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Mondal SK, Gupta PG, Gupta DN, Ghosh S, Sikder SN, Rajendran K, Saha MR, Sircar BK, Bhattacharya SK. Occurrence of diarrhoeal diseases in relation to infant feeding practices in a rural community in West Bengal, India. Acta Paediatr 1996; 85:1159-62. [PMID: 8922075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In a rural community-based prospective study, diarrhoea in relation to the feeding patterns of a cohort of infants was studied. A total of 148 infants between the ages of 0 and 2 months were enrolled and followed until the completion of 1 year of age. Survival analysis showed that by the fourth month of age exclusive breastfeeding dropped by 75%. The proportion of complementary breastfeeding increased from 18.6 to 52.9% during the same period and to 83.7% by the eighth month. This study clearly highlights the tendency for early switch over from exclusive breastfeeding to complementary breastfeeding. Early weaning was associated with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 3.02 (95% CI 1.043-8.802). The IRR of 3.02 and its confidence limits (1.043-8.02) suggest a significant protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against diarrhoea in infants. The results of this study indicate that promotion of exclusive breastfeeding has a potential role to reduce the incidence of diarrhoea amongst infants. The findings of this study will be useful for Diarrhoeal Disease Control Programme in reducing diarrhoeal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mondal
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta, India
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Gupta DN, Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, Ghosh S, Banu MK, Mondal SK, Saha DR, De SP, Sikdar SN, Manna B, Dutta S, Saha NC. Epidemiological and clinical profiles of acute invasive diarrhoea with special reference to mucoid episodes: a rural community-based longitudinal study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90:544-7. [PMID: 8944269 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was carried out in 3 villages near Calcutta, India, having a population of 5464, between August 1992 and December 1994. A cohort of rural children below 4 years of age was prospectively observed to determine the clinico-epidemiological aspects of mucoid diarrhoea and examine propensity to invasiveness. Overall, the incidence of diarrhoea was 1.7 episodes/child/year, and that of mucoid and bloody dysentery was 0.8 and 0.2 episodes/child/year, respectively. Children aged 6-11 months had a higher incidence of mucoid diarrhoea (1.3 episodes/child/year) and the peak season occurred in June and July. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that mucoid diarrhoea and bloody dysentery were closely similar in both clinical and laboratory findings, including raised faecal leucocyte count (> 10/high power microscope field [hpf]). However, abdominal pain occurred more frequently in bloody dysentery than in mucoid diarrhoea. Faecal leucocyte count (> 10/hpf) can therefore be used as an indicator for invasiveness of mucoid diarrhoea at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Gupta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, India
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Saha DR, Gupta DN, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Ghosh S, Saha NC, Sikder SN, Sircar BK. Intestinal parasitism: a childhood problem in rural Bengal. J Commun Dis 1995; 27:170-174. [PMID: 9163712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to assess the parasitic infection rate in a rural community of West Bengal amongst children below four years of age suffering from gastrointestinal complaints. A total of 221 faecal samples were examined during November 1992 to April 1994. G. lamblia (17.2%) and E. histolytica (8.1%) were the predominant protozoas, whereas E. vermicularis (12.2%) and A. lumbricoides (8.1%) were found to be common amongst helminthic infection. A significantly lower infection rate was observed in children below one year (24.4 per cent) as compared to older age groups (66.4 per cent).
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Saha
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Scheme-XM Beliaghata, Calcutta
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Sengupta PG, Sircar BK, Mandal SK, Mukhopadhyay AK, Nair GB, Gupta DN, Ghosh S, Saha NC, Deb BC, Sikder SN. Epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae O139 with special reference to intrafamilial transmission in Calcutta. J Infect 1995; 31:45-7. [PMID: 8522831 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(95)91364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A total of 27 families of hospitalised patients (index case families) suffering from acute watery diarrhoea caused by Vibrio cholerae O139, and 14 neighbourhood families were bacteriologically screened for 4 consecutive days to determine the extent of V. cholerae O139 infection amongst healthy contacts and other suspected vehicles of transmission at the intrafamilial level. V. cholerae O139 was isolated from faeces of 14.6% of healthy contacts in index case families as compared to none in neighbourhood families (P = 0.002). The organism could be recovered from 3.7% of handwashings of contacts of index cases and also from stored drinking water (8.0%), open well water (28.6%), flies (3.8%) and pond water (25.0%) used by the index case families and none from neighbourhood families. The large number of asymptomatic infected persons indicate an epidemiological similarity to that of eltor cholera. The organisms may be carried on hands and may act as a potential source of infection to other inmates through contamination of stored drinking water, open wells etc. The results will be useful in formulating strategies for intervention of transmission of V. cholerae O139 at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Sengupta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta, India
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Gupta DN, SenGupta PG, Sircar BK, Mondal S, Sarkar S, Deb BC. Implementation of ORT: some problems encountered in training of health workers during an operational research programme. Indian J Public Health 1994; 38:69-72. [PMID: 7836000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During an operational research study on implementation of oral rehydration therapy in a block of West Bengal, India, amongst a population of 2, 16,805, a total of 171 Community Health Guides and 152 Anganwadi Workers were initially trained for one working day by lectures and slides about diarrhoea case management at the community level. The training was evaluated after two months and found to be inadequate. The workers were then retrained with modern approach using a module (prepared in local language) as suggested by World Health Organisation. The level of retention of the imparted knowledge of Health Workers for different items 2-3 months after training with lectures and slides ranged between 5-25% except preparation of ORS which was 80%. With the use of modules, 47-98% of health workers could retain the same knowledge 3 months after the training. The knowledge thus acquired were sustained even after 12 months of training to a level which was still much better than that retained 2 months after training with slides and lectures. However some of the items like indication of use of Home Available Fluids, dosage of ORS and when to refer a diarrhoea case to health facility were more difficult to recall after one year. This possibly indicates need for in-service training of grassroot level health workers at suiTable interval.
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Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Ghosh S, Gupta DN, Sikder SN, Sircar BK. Review on development and community implementation of oral rehydration therapy. Indian J Public Health 1994; 38:50-7. [PMID: 7835996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The review of the current status and implementation of Oral Rehydration Therapy at the community level have been presented in this communication with special emphasis on its development, ORS access rate, ORS use rate and home available fluids. The global ORS supply has gone up an increased eleven folds since 1981. Similarly the ORS access rate has also increase from 46% to 68% in 1991. However, the global ORS use rate was low (21%). The major constraints during ORT implementation which have been reported by several scientists are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Sengupta
- Division of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta
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Sarkar S, Mandal SK, Gupta DN, Sircar BK, Ghosh S, Motiram G, Rashid MA, Nagra JS, Pal SC, Deb BC. Prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases amongst tribals of Car Nicobar Island, India. Indian J Public Health 1992; 36:133-7. [PMID: 1304001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In a cross sectional study of total 14514 tribal Nicobarese people of Car Nicobar Island, an union territory of India, situated in Bay of Bengal, morbidity, mortality and treatment practices of diarrhoeal diseases of under-five children were surveyed. The incidence of diarrhoea (0.2 episode/ch.year), Crude death rate (3.6/1000) and IMR (31/1000 live births) were exceedingly low as compared to SouthEast Asian Countries including mainland of India. ORS utilisation rate was high (41%) as compared to the National figure (12.0%). This is the first study of it's kind carried out in this island and amongst the Nicobarese tribe in India. A preliminary study carried out among the mothers of the hospitalised children indicated that protective behaviours like breast feeding, hand washing, use of chlorinated water and proper disposal of stool were regularly being practiced by the community traditionally. An in-depth study on risk factors of diarrhoea in this island can yield useful clue for describing the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sarkar
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR), Calcutta
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Ghosh S, Sengupta PG, Gupta DN, Sirkar BK. Chemoprophylaxis studies in cholera: a review of selective works. J Commun Dis 1992; 24:55-7. [PMID: 1296955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Scheme XM, Calcutta
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Sircar BK, Deb BC, Sengupta PG, Mondal S, Gupta DN, Sarkar S, Sikder SN, Ghosh S, Saha NC, Pal SC. An operational study on implementation of oral rehydration therapy in a rural community of West Bengal, India. Indian J Med Res 1991; 93:297-302. [PMID: 1778617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An operational study of a 3-tier strategy for implementation of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) was conducted in a block of West Bengal with 216,825 population through the existing health services facilities. All the grassroot level, health workers including their supervisors at various levels were trained regarding the management of patients of diarrhoea with mild to moderate degree of dehydration, by ORT. Another block in the same district with similar demographic features where this intervention was not provided served as control. After 22 months of observation, it was evident that despite adequate training, the performance of Community Health Guides (CHGs) and Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) was not encouraging because of the low utilization of both home available fluids (32.0%) and oral rehydration solution (18.0%) in the study area. Similarly, diarrhoea associated mortality could not be reduced significantly. Lack of motivation and failure to maintain sustained level of skill by the CHGs and AWWs constitute the major bottlenecks for the successful implementation of the programme at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Sircar
- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Calcutta
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Sen Gupta PG, Nair GB, Mondal S, Gupta DN, Sen D, Sikdar SN, Das P, Sarkar RK, Ghosh S, Saha NC. Epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in a cohort of rural population near Calcutta. Epidemiol Infect 1991; 106:507-12. [PMID: 2050205 PMCID: PMC2271864 DOI: 10.1017/s095026880006756x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a 2-year period, 25 families comprising of 181 individuals of all ages were longitudinally observed for the excretion of Campylobacter species. Faecal samples were taken from all persons with diarrhoea. Specimens were also taken from apparently healthy individuals and from domestic animals living within the confines of the study families at monthly intervals. The overall diarrhoea attack rate was 19 episodes per 100 person-years with peak incidence in the 1- to 4-year-old age group (76/100 person-years). Eight (11.5%) of the total episodes were campylobacter-associated and the overall rate of campylobacter positive diarrhoeal episodes were 2.2 per 100 person-years. Of the 1002 stool samples from healthy individuals 32 (3.2/100 samples) were positive for campylobacter. The organism was most frequently isolated from children under 1 year of age both during diarrhoeal episodes (11.5 per 100 person-years) and non-diarrhoeal (11.1 per 100 samples). Multiple infections in a family were rare. In 19.4% of the occasions one or more animals were campylobacter positive. However, only in 7.7% of these occasions was a human infection recorded within 1 month after the animal was found to be positive. The study showed that the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in this community was distinct compared to that observed in developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Sen Gupta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, India
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26
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Gupta DN, Sen D, Saha MR, Sengupta PG, Sikder SN, Ghosh S, Sarkar K, Singh NC, Sharma R. Report of an outbreak of diarrhoeal disease caused by cholera followed by rotavirus in Manipur. Indian J Public Health 1990; 34:62-5. [PMID: 2101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of acute diarrhoeal disease between August and October 1985 in 3 districts of Manipur state was investigated amongst 9,29,077 population at risk. The overall attack rate and case fatality rate were 0.2% and 0.9% respectively. Hospital records revealed that 58.8% of cases occurred amongst older children above 5 years of age. V.cholera was isolated from 25.3% of cases sampled. Interestingly, increased frequency in weekly admission of cases amongst children during first two years of life increased in the beginning of October when the original peak of diarrhoeal outbreak was about to decline. The October peak was caused by rotavirus which could be detected from 50.0% of diarrhoeal children in this age group. This possibly reflected beginning of the usual rotavirus diarrhoea season in the locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Gupta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta
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Sengupta PG, Sircar BK, Mondal S, Gupta DN, Bhattacharya SK, De SP, Deb BC, Pal SC. An ElTor cholera outbreak in an endemic community of Calcutta. Indian J Public Health 1989; 33:21-5. [PMID: 2641736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P G Sengupta
- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Calcutta
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Sengupta PG, Mondal S, Gupta DN, Sarkar S, Saha NC, Ghosh S, Pal S, Deb BC, Pal SC. Childhood diarrhoea associated with cryptosporidium species in a rural community near Calcutta. Indian J Public Health 1988; 32:205-6. [PMID: 3271770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Keshri G, Singh MM, Lakshmi V, Mehrotra BN, Gupta DN. Antifertility activity of Caesalpinia decapetala--a preliminary report. Indian J Med Res 1988; 87:377-8. [PMID: 3169892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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30
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Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Gupta DN, Saha NC, Ghosh S, Deb BC, Pal SC. Effect of handwashing on the incidence of diarrhoea in a Calcutta slum. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1987; 5:112-4. [PMID: 3450726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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31
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Deb BC, Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, De SP, Mondal SK, Gupta DN, Saha NC, Ghosh S, Mitra U, Pal SC. Studies on interventions to prevent eltor cholera transmission in urban slums. Bull World Health Organ 1986; 64:127-31. [PMID: 3488134 PMCID: PMC2490926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of eltor cholera infection in endemic communities continues without diminishing because of the absence of effective intervention measures. Two methods-chlorination of stored water and the use of a narrow-necked earthenware vessel (called a 'sorai') for storing the water-were found to be effective in reducing the transmission of infection among the family contacts of cholera patients. The cholera carrier rates in the chlorination and 'sorai' intervention groups were 7.3% and 4.4%, respectively, compared with 17.3% in the control group. The 'sorai' is cheap and was well accepted by the local communities; its narrow neck prevented the introduction of the hand and contamination of the stored water.
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Singh MM, Wadhwa V, Gupta DN, Pal R, Khanna NM, Kamboj VP. Postcoital contraceptive efficacy and hormonal profile of Lepidium capitatum. Planta Med 1984; 50:154-157. [PMID: 6473549 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-969658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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34
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Deb BC, Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, Mondal S, Gupta DN, Ghosh S, Pal SC. Long-term impact of oral rehydration in diarrhoea on nutrition of children in Calcutta slums. Indian J Med Res 1983; 78:808-13. [PMID: 6674170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay D, Gupta DN, Chakrabarti A. An unusual association of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Demodex canis in a mongrel dog with multiple kerions. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1980; 74:101-2. [PMID: 7377868 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1980.11687317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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37
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Kushwah A, Gupta DN, Kamboj VP, Karkun JN. Acid mucopolysaccharide levels of rabbit fallopian tube, uterus & cervix: effect of ovariectomy & estrogen treatment. Indian J Exp Biol 1980; 18:45-6. [PMID: 6447102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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38
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Osama SM, Krishnamurti S, Gupta DN. Incidence of myocarditis in varicella. Indian Heart J 1979; 31:315-20. [PMID: 546715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Osama SM, Krishnamurti S, Rai J, Gupta DN. Outbreak of influenza A/Victoria/3/75 infection in a probationer nurses school. Indian J Med Res 1979; 69:206-12. [PMID: 429025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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40
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Kamboj VP, Gupta DN, Mehrotra PK. Response of the rabbit uterus primed with nonsteroidal estrogens to progesterone. Indian J Exp Biol 1978; 16:1279-81. [PMID: 750417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kushwah A, Gupta DN, Kamboj VP. Effect of copper intra-Fallopian tube device on the biochemical responses of rabbit Fallopian tube. Indian J Exp Biol 1978; 16:928-9. [PMID: 711259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Misra D, Gupta DN, Karkun JN. Contribution of lactic acid by the ampullary and isthmic parts of rabbit Fallopian tube under altered hormonal conditions. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1977; 85:665-72. [PMID: 577343 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.0850665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The capability of the ampullary and isthmic parts of the rabbit Fallopian tube to contribute lactic acid (LA) to the tubal lumen was examined using an in vitro method of study. In addition concomitant study was also made using the uterus. It was found that in the oestrous rabbit, the isthmus contributed LA at a higher rate than that of the ampulla; the uterine contribution was minimal. Ovariectomy reduced while exogenous oestrogen enhanced this ability in all the three tissues. In mated post-ovulatory rabbits the contributory efficiency of either tubal part changed and appeared to exhibit a peak value in the presence of the ovum; the uterus showed no such changes. This is discussed in relation to the ability of the egg to secure its energy source until it attained morula/the pre-blastocyst stage.
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Misra D, Sahib MK, Gupta DN, Karkun JN. Quantitative & qualitative aspects of proteins contributed by different parts of rabbit Fallopian tube & the uterus in vitro. Indian J Exp Biol 1977; 15:177-80. [PMID: 914322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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44
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Bajpai VK, Shipstone AC, Gupta DN, Karkun JN. Differential response of the ampullary and isthmic cells to ovariectomy and estrogen treatment: an ultrastructural study. Endokrinologie 1977; 69:11-20. [PMID: 870312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ultrastructural response of the ciliated and secretory cells from the ampullary and isthmic parts of the oviduct was studied in ovariectomized and ovariectomized plus estradiol dipropionate (EDP) treated rabbits. Ovariectomy did not significantly affect the cilia in the ampullary epithelium; degenerative signs, however, appeared overtly in the isthmic cilia. EDP at either 1 microng/kg or 5 microng/kg doses raised the number of cilia/cell in either tubal segments. For comparable change isthmic cilia seemed to require a higher dosage of the estrogen. Ovariectomy led to the depletion of the secretory granules (SGs) from the secretory cells of either tubal segments. EDP at both the doses induced formation of the SGs; this is more remarkable in the isthmic cells. Merocrine type of secretions were observed from the secretory cells of either segments but only at the high dose of estrogen. The findings are discussed in the backdrop of current knowledge.
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Misra D, Roy S, Gupta DN, Karkun JN. Incorporation of [U-C14-A1-glucose in vitro by different parts of the rabbit Fallopian tube and uterus. Endokrinologie 1977; 69:21-7. [PMID: 858285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro incorporation of E1U-C14]-glucose by ampullary and isthmic segments of the Fallopian tube and the uterus was determined in the intact (estrous), ovariectomized, ovariectomized plus estrogen and ovarietcomized plus estrogen + progesterone treated rabbit. In the intact animal the ampulla incorporated glucose at a faster rate than the isthmus; uterine uptake is minimal. Ovariectomy reduced the rate of incorporation below normal values in all the tissues. EDP (estradiol dipropionate) administered to ovariectomized rabbit increased the incorporation rate. Progesterone antagonized the EDP-induced uptake. The relative rate and pattern of incorporation by the three tissues were, however, determined by the dosage of estrogen and the estrogen/progesterone ratio.
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Gupta DN, Karkun JN. Antifertility effect of an intrafallopian tubal copper device. Indian J Exp Biol 1976; 14:316-9. [PMID: 992775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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47
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Gupta DN, Malaviya B, Karkun JN. Comparative effects of silk and copper intra-uterine contraceptive devices on the uterine horns of rat. Indian J Med Res 1974; 62:1592-5. [PMID: 4455618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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48
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Shipstone AC, Bajpai VK, Gupta DN, Karkun JN. Studies on the ultrastructure of the Fallopian tube: Part I. Changes in the ciliated cells of the rabbit Fallopian tube during ovum transport. Indian J Exp Biol 1974; 12:115-22. [PMID: 4435841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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49
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Bajpai VK, Shipstone AC, Gupta DN, Karkun JN. Studies on the ultrastructure of the Fallopian tube: Part II. Changes in the secretory cells of the rabbit Fallopian tube during ovum transport. Indian J Exp Biol 1974; 12:123-32. [PMID: 4435842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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50
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Brun D, Gupta DN, Gagné C, Bélanger G, Tremblay RR. [Thermoregulation in lipoatrophic diabetes]. Union Med Can 1974; 103:434-40. [PMID: 4820870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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