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Chitosan: An undisputed bio-fabrication material for tissue engineering and bio-sensing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 110:110-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhi D, Bai Y, Yang J, Cui S, Zhao Y, Chen H, Zhang S. A review on cationic lipids with different linkers for gene delivery. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 253:117-140. [PMID: 29454463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cationic lipids have become known as one of the most versatile tools for the delivery of DNA, RNA and many other therapeutic molecules, and are especially attractive because they can be easily designed, synthesized and characterized. Most of cationic lipids share the common structure of cationic head groups and hydrophobic portions with linker bonds between both domains. The linker bond is an important determinant of the chemical stability and biodegradability of cationic lipid, and further governs its transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. Based on the structures of linker bonds, they can be grouped into many types, such as ether, ester, amide, carbamate, disulfide, urea, acylhydrazone, phosphate, and other unusual types (carnitine, vinyl ether, ketal, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, malonic acid diamide and dihydroxybenzene). This review summarizes some research results concerning the nature (such as the structure and orientation of linker groups) and density (such as the spacing and the number of linker groups) of linker bond for improving the chemical stability, biodegradability, transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of cationic lipid to overcome the critical barriers of in vitro and in vivo transfection.
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Wu P, Chen H, Jin R, Weng T, Ho JK, You C, Zhang L, Wang X, Han C. Non-viral gene delivery systems for tissue repair and regeneration. J Transl Med 2018; 16:29. [PMID: 29448962 PMCID: PMC5815227 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical tissue defects frequently result from trauma, burns, chronic wounds and/or surgery. The ideal treatment for such tissue loss is autografting, but donor sites are often limited. Tissue engineering (TE) is an inspiring alternative for tissue repair and regeneration (TRR). One of the current state-of-the-art methods for TRR is gene therapy. Non-viral gene delivery systems (nVGDS) have great potential for TE and have several advantages over viral delivery including lower immunogenicity and toxicity, better cell specificity, better modifiability, and higher productivity. However, there is no ideal nVGDS for TRR, hence, there is widespread research to improve their properties. This review introduces the basic principles and key aspects of commonly-used nVGDSs. We focus on recent advances in their applications, current challenges, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wu
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Haojiao Chen
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jon Kee Ho
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chuangang You
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Elbaz A, Gao B, He Z, Gu Z. Hepatocyte Aggregate Formation on Chitin-Based Anisotropic Microstructures of Butterfly Wings. Biomimetics (Basel) 2018; 3:E2. [PMID: 31105224 PMCID: PMC6352657 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold nanotopography plays the most significant role in the mimicry of the in vivo microenvironment of the hepatocytes. Several attempts have been made to develop methods and substrates suited to growing hepatocytes into aggregates. Functional biomaterials, particularly biodegradable polymers, have been used in several studies aimed to develop improved scaffolds with ordered geometry and nanofibrous architecture for tissue engineering. However, there are still some limitation in their fabrication: it is not cost-efficient, is time-consuming, and exhibits some technological complications. The synthetic scaffolds are usually non-biodegradable and can be non-biocompatible compared to the naturally derived biomaterials. Here, we utilized a simple, cost-effective, and green method with two-step chemical treatment to get more selected hydrophilic butterfly wings from Morpho menelaus, Papilio ulysses telegonus, and Ornithoptera croesus lydius as a chitin-based natural scaffolds to growing hepatocyte aggregates. We established a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model for culture of HepG2 cells and aggregate formation that maintained the hepatocytes function on these natural anisotropic microstructures. Cells cultured on these substrates show higher viability than those cultured on a two-dimensional (2D) culture plate. Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results revealed excellent viability of HepG2 cells on P. u. telegonus wings (fibrous area). The results also demonstrated appropriate cell activity, cell retention, and stable and functional expression in terms of albumin secretion and urea synthesis activity compared to the 2D monolayer culture of hepatocytes on the culture dish surface. With a slightly different degree, the other substrates also shown similar results. We anticipate that these natural anisotropic, biodegradable, and biocompatible substrates can maintain long-term hepatic culture as an in vitro 3D model for potential therapeutic applications and regenerative tissue applications. The model presented here provides a feasible alternative to the synthetic scaffolds and is expected to be more reliable for 3D organotypic liver culture models based on such scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Elbaz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Bingbing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhenzhu He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Gaihre B, Lecka-Czernik B, Jayasuriya AC. Injectable nanosilica-chitosan microparticles for bone regeneration applications. J Biomater Appl 2018; 32:813-825. [PMID: 29160129 PMCID: PMC7099582 DOI: 10.1177/0885328217741523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at assessing the effects of silica nanopowder incorporation into chitosan-tripolyphosphate microparticles with the ultimate goal of improving their osteogenic properties. The microparticles were prepared by simple coacervation technique and silica nanopowder was added at 0% (C), 2.5% (S1), 5% (S2) and 10% (S3) (w/w) to chitosan. We observed that this simple incorporation of silica nanopowder improved the growth and proliferation of osteoblasts along the surface of the microparticles. In addition, the composite microparticles also showed the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteoblast specific genes. We observed a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the expression of alkaline phosphatase by the cells growing on all sample groups compared to the control (C) groups at day 14. The morphological characterization of these microparticles through scanning electron microscopy showed that these microparticles were well suited to be used as the injectable scaffolds with perfectly spherical shape and size. The incorporation of silica nanopowder altered the nano-roughness of the microparticles as observed through atomic force microscopy scans with roughness values going down from C to S3. The results in this study, taken together, show the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-silica nanopowder microparticles for improved bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin Gaihre
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Wong CW, Chen YT, Chien CL, Yu TY, Rwei SP, Hsu SH. A simple and efficient feeder-free culture system to up-scale iPSCs on polymeric material surface for use in 3D bioprinting. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 82:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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57
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Al-Dhabaan FA, Mostafa M, Almoammar H, Abd-Elsalam KA. Chitosan-Based Nanostructures in Plant Protection Applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2018:351-384. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91161-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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58
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Translating the role of osteogenic-angiogenic coupling in bone formation: Highly efficient chitosan-pDNA activated scaffolds can accelerate bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defects. Biomaterials 2017; 149:116-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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59
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Bagheri M, Mohammadi M, Steele TW, Ramezani M. Nanomaterial coatings applied on stent surfaces. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 11:1309-26. [PMID: 27111467 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2015-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of percutaneous coronary intervention and intravascular stents has revolutionized the field of interventional cardiology. Nonetheless, in-stent restenosis, inflammation and late-stent thrombosis are the major obstacles with currently available stents. In order to enhance the hemocompatibility of stents, advances in the field of nanotechnology allow novel designs of nanoparticles and biomaterials toward localized drug/gene carriers or stent scaffolds. The current review focuses on promising polymers used in the fabrication of newer generations of stents with a short synopsis on atherosclerosis and current commercialized stents, nanotechnology's impact on stent development and recent advancements in stent biomaterials is discussed in context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Bagheri
- Shariati Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, PO Box 935189-9983, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Terry Wj Steele
- Division of Materials Technology, Materials & Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1365, Iran
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60
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Dai J, Long W, Liang Z, Wen L, Yang F, Chen G. A novel vehicle for local protein delivery to the inner ear: injectable and biodegradable thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with PLGA nanoparticles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:89-98. [PMID: 28851247 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1373803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of biomacromolecular drugs into the inner ear is challenging, mainly because of their inherent instability as well as physiological and anatomical barriers. Therefore, protein-friendly, hydrogel-based delivery systems following local administration are being developed for inner ear therapy. Herein, biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) containing interferon α-2 b (IFN α-2 b) were loaded in chitosan/glycerophosphate (CS/GP)-based thermosensitive hydrogel for IFN delivery by intratympanic injection. The injectable hydrogel possessed a physiological pH and formed semi-solid gel at 37 °C, with good swelling and deswelling properties. The CS/GP hydrogel could slowly degrade as visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of NPs in CS/GP gel largely influenced in vitro drug release. In the guinea pig cochlea, a 1.5- to 3-fold increase in the drug exposure time of NPs-CS/GP was found than those of the solution, NPs and IFN-loaded hydrogel. Most importantly, a prolonged residence time was attained without obvious histological changes in the inner ear. This biodegradable, injectable, and thermosensitive NPs-CS/GP system may allow longer delivery of protein drugs to the inner ear, thus may be a potential novel vehicle for inner ear therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Dai
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei Long
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhongping Liang
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lu Wen
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Fan Yang
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Gang Chen
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
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61
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Hu Y, Chen J, Fan T, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Shi X, Zhang Q. Biomimetic mineralized hierarchical hybrid scaffolds based on in situ synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/hyaluronic acid for bone tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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62
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Elbaz A, Lu J, Gao B, Zheng F, Mu Z, Zhao Y, Gu Z. Chitin-Based Anisotropic Nanostructures of Butterfly Wings for Regulating Cells Orientation. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E386. [PMID: 30965691 PMCID: PMC6418998 DOI: 10.3390/polym9090386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, multiple types of substrates have been applied for regulating cell orientation. Among them, surface topography patterns with grooves or ridges have been widely utilizing for cell culturing. However, this construction is still complicated, low cost-effective and exhibits some technological limitations with either "top-down" or "bottom-up" approaches. Here, a simple and green method was developed by utilizing butterfly wings (Morpho menelaus, Papilio ulysses telegonus and Ornithoptera croesus lydius) with natural anisotropic nanostructures to generate cell alignment. A two-step chemical treatment was proposed to achieve more hydrophilic butterfly wings preceding cell culturing. Furthermore, calcein acetoxymethyl ester (Calcein-AM) staining and Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results demonstrated the appropriate viability of NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells on those butterfly wings. Moreover, the cells displayed a high degree of alignment in each specimen of these wings. We anticipate that those originating from natural butterfly wings will pose important applications for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Elbaz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Bingbing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Fuyin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhongde Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Qiao X, Peng X, Qiao J, Jiang Z, Han B, Yang C, Liu W. Evaluation of a photocrosslinkable hydroxyethyl chitosan hydrogel as a potential drug release system for glaucoma surgery. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:149. [PMID: 28831622 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyethyl chitosan (HECTS) is a critical derivative of chitosan that has been widely used as biomedical materials due to great water-solubility and excellent biocompatibility. Here, photosensitive hydroxyethyl chitosan was synthesized by introducing azide group on NH2 of HECTS (HECTS-AZ), afterwards FTIR and 1H NMR spectra were detected to confirm the formation of HECTS-AZ. The solution of HECTS-AZ can achieve a sol-gel transition through UV irradiation for 30 s. The evaluation of biocompability and biodegradability in vivo was conducted in rats, visual and pathological examinations exhibited the HECTS-AZ has excellent biocompability and degradation time of the hydrogel is more than 14 weeks. Furthermore, HECTS-AZ hydrogel as an ocular drug delivery system loading heparin was prepared to implant under sclera of rabbit after glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). The experimental results demonstrated the heparin loaded hydrogel can effectively maintain filtration bleb and lowing intraocular pressure (IOP) after GFS for prolonged time. Besides, obvious inflammatory reactions and side effects have not been observed in ocular during the experimental period. In conclusion, the HECTS-AZ hydrogel is a potential drug delivery device for the treatment of glaucoma and other ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Qiao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Peng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jing Qiao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Baoqin Han
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Chaozhong Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wanshun Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, PR China
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Madrigal JL, Stilhano R, Silva EA. Biomaterial-Guided Gene Delivery for Musculoskeletal Tissue Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2017; 23:347-361. [PMID: 28166711 PMCID: PMC5749599 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising strategy for musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration where local and sustained expression of proteins and/or therapeutic nucleic acids can be achieved. However, the musculoskeletal tissues present unique engineering and biological challenges as recipients of genetic vectors. Targeting specific cell populations, regulating expression in vivo, and overcoming the harsh environment of damaged tissue accompany the general concerns of safety and efficacy common to all applications of gene therapy. In this review, we will first summarize these challenges and then discuss how biomaterial carriers for genetic vectors can address these issues. Second, we will review how limitations specific to given vectors further motivate the utility of biomaterial carriers. Finally, we will discuss how these concepts have been combined with tissue engineering strategies and approaches to improve the delivery of these vectors for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Madrigal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Roberta Stilhano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Eduardo A Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
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65
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do Nascimento MHM, Ferreira M, Malmonge SM, Lombello CB. Evaluation of cell interaction with polymeric biomaterials based on hyaluronic acid and chitosan. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:68. [PMID: 28357686 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering involves the development of new materials or devices capable of specific interactions with biological tissues, searching the use of biocompatible materials as scaffolds for in vitro cell growth, and functional tissue development, that is subsequently implanted into patient. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the initial aspects of cell interaction with the polymeric biomaterials blends based on hyaluronic acid with chitosan. The hypothesis approach involves synthesis and analysis of swelling and thermal degradation (thermal gravimetric analysis) of the polymer blend; and Vero cell interaction with the biomaterial, through analysis of cytotoxicity, adhesion and cell morphology. The blend resulted in a biomaterial with a high swelling ratio that can allow nutrient distribution and absorption. The thermal gravimetric analysis results showed that the blend had two stages of degradation at temperatures very close to those observed for pure polymers, confirming that the physical mixing of hydrogels occurred, resulting in the presence of both hyaluronic acid and chitosan in the blend. The evaluation of indirect cytotoxicity showed that the blend was non cytotoxic for Vero cells, and the quantitative analysis performed with the MTT could verify a cell viability of 98%. The cells cultured on the blend showed adhesion, spreading and proliferation on this biomaterial, distinguished from the pattern of the control cells. These results showed that the blends produced from hyaluronic acid and chitosan hydrogels are promising for applications in tissue engineering, aiming at future cartilaginous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariselma Ferreira
- Human and Natural Sciences Center, ABC Federal University, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sônia Maria Malmonge
- Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Center, ABC Federal University, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
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66
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Development of polymeric functionally graded scaffolds: a brief review. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e107-e121. [PMID: 28009418 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, there has been a growing interest in multilayer scaffolds fabrication approaches. In fact, functionally graded scaffolds (FGSs) provide biological and mechanical functions potentially similar to those of native tissues. Based on the final application of the scaffold, there are different properties (physical, mechanical, biochemical, etc.) which need to gradually change in space. Therefore, a number of different technologies have been investigated, and often combined, to customize each region of the scaffolds as much as possible, aiming at achieving the best regenerative performance.In general, FGSs can be categorized as bilayered or multilayered, depending on the number of layers in the whole structure. In other cases, scaffolds are characterized by a continuous gradient of 1 or more specific properties that cannot be related to the presence of clearly distinguished layers. Since each traditional approach presents peculiar advantages and disadvantages, FGSs are good candidates to overcome the limitations of current treatment options. In contrast to the reviews reported in the literature, which usually focus on the application of FGS, this brief review provides an overview of the most common strategies adopted to prepare FGS.
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67
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Nascimento MHMD, Lombello CB. Hidrogéis a base de ácido hialurônico e quitosana para engenharia de tecido cartilaginoso. POLIMEROS 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Resumo A Engenharia de Tecidos envolve o desenvolvimento de novos materiais ou dispositivos capazes de interações específicas com os tecidos biológicos, buscando a utilização de materiais biocompatíveis que devem servir como arcabouço para o crescimento de células in vitro, organizando e desenvolvendo o tecido que posteriormente será implantado no paciente. Uma variedade de arcabouços como hidrogéis poliméricos, sintéticos e naturais, têm sido investigados para a expansão de condrócitos in vitro, visando o reparo da cartilagem lesionada. Um hidrogel de interesse particular na regeneração de cartilagem é o ácido hialurónico (AH). Trata-se de um biopolímero atraente para a fabricação de arcabouços artificiais para Engenharia de Tecidos por ser biocompatível e biodegradável. A biocompatibilidade do AH deve-se ao fato de estar presente na matriz extracelular nativa, deste modo, cria-se um ambiente propício que facilita a adesão, proliferação e diferenciação celular, além da existência de sinalização celular específica, o que contribui para a regeneração do tecido. O uso de hidrogel composto de ácido hialurónico e quitosana (QUI) também tem sido investigado em aplicações de Engenharia de Tecidos de cartilagem, com resultados promissores. Baseando-se nestas informações, o objetivo este trabalho foi investigar as alternativas disponíveis para regeneração tecidual da cartilagem e conhecer mais detalhadamente as relações entre células e biomateriais.
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Dayem AA, Choi HY, Yang GM, Kim K, Saha SK, Kim JH, Cho SG. The potential of nanoparticles in stem cell differentiation and further therapeutic applications. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1550-1560. [PMID: 27797150 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration could offer therapeutic advantages for individuals experiencing organ or tissue damage. Recently, advances in nanotechnology have provided various nanomaterials, with a wide range of applications, for modulating stem cell behavior and for further therapeutic applications in tissue regeneration. Defects in cell proliferation and differentiation, a low mechanical strength of scaffolds, and inefficient production of factors that are essential for stem cell differentiation are the current challenges in tissue regeneration. This review provides a brief explanation about the link between nanotechnology and tissue engineering, highlighting the current literature about the interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and stem cells, the promotional effect of NPs on stem cell differentiation into various lineages, and their possible therapeutic applications. We also tried to describe the mechanism through which NPs regulate the spatial-temporal release and kinetics of vital growth and differentiation factors, enhance stem cell differentiation, and improve culture conditions for in vivo tissue regeneration. The field of nanotechnology is promising and provides novel nanomaterials and methods with valuable clinical applications in the regenerative medicine. Understanding the mechanism, as well as the toxic effects of NPs in stem cell biology will undoubtedly provide valuable insight into their clinical application in the regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Raftery RM, Woods B, Marques ALP, Moreira-Silva J, Silva TH, Cryan SA, Reis RL, O'Brien FJ. Multifunctional biomaterials from the sea: Assessing the effects of chitosan incorporation into collagen scaffolds on mechanical and biological functionality. Acta Biomater 2016; 43:160-169. [PMID: 27402181 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Natural biomaterials such as collagen show promise in tissue engineering applications due to their inherent bioactivity. The main limitation of collagen is its low mechanical strength and somewhat unpredictable and rapid degradation rate; however, combining collagen with another material, such as chitosan, can reinforce the scaffold mechanically and may improve the rate of degradation. Additionally, the high cost and the risk of prion transmission associated with mammal-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative sources such as marine-origin collagen. In this context, the overall goal of this study was to determine if the incorporation of chitosan into collagen scaffolds could improve the mechanical and biological properties of the scaffold. In addition the study assessed if collagen, derived from salmon skin (marine), can provide an alternative to collagen derived from bovine tendon (mammal) for tissue engineering applications. Scaffold architecture and mechanical properties were assessed as well as their ability to support mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. Overall, the addition of chitosan to bovine and salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive strength, swelling ratio and prolonged the degradation rate. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation was most improved on the bovine-derived collagen scaffold containing a 75:25 ratio of collagen:chitosan, and when MSC osteogenic and chondrogenic potential on the scaffold was assessed, a significant increase in calcium production (p<0.001) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production (p<0.001) was observed respectively. Regardless of chitosan content, the bovine-derived collagen scaffolds out-performed the salmon skin-derived collagen scaffolds, displaying a larger pore size and higher percentage porosity, more regular architecture, higher compressive modulus, a greater capacity for water uptake and allowed for more MSC proliferation and differentiation. This versatile scaffold incorporating the marine biomaterial chitosan show great potential as appropriate platforms for promoting orthopaedic tissue repair while the use of salmon skin-derived collagen may be more suitable in the repair of soft tissues such as skin. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility; however, it has low mechanical strength and an unpredictable degradation rate. In addition, high cost and risk of prion transmission associated with mammalian-derived collagen has prompted research into alternative collagen sources, namely, marine-derived collagen. In this study, scaffolds made from salmon-skin collagen were compared to the more commonly used bovine-derived collagen with a focus on orthopaedic applications. To improve the mechanical properties of these scaffolds, another marine biomaterial, chitosan, was added to produce scaffolds with increased mechanical stability. The collagen-chitosan composites were also shown to support mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards both bone and cartilage tissue. This multi-functional scaffold therefore has potential in both bone and cartilage regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne M Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Woods
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ana L P Marques
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Moreira-Silva
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland.
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Chhabra P, Tyagi P, Bhatnagar A, Mittal G, Kumar A. Optimization, characterization, and efficacy evaluation of 2% chitosan scaffold for tissue engineering and wound healing. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2016; 8:300-308. [PMID: 28216954 PMCID: PMC5314829 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.199346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a chitosan-based scaffold and carry out a complete comprehensive study encompassing optimization of exact chitosan strength, product characterization, toxicity evaluation, in vitro validation in cell culture experiments, and finally in vivo efficacy in animal excision wound model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Developed chitosan scaffolds (CSs) were optimized for tissue engineering and wound healing efficacy by means of microstructure, toxicity, and biocompatibility evaluation. RESULTS Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies revealed that porosity of CS decreased with increase in chitosan concentration. Chemical stability and integrity of scaffolds were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared studies. Highest swelling percentage (SP) of 500% was observed in 2%, while lowest (200%) was observed in 1% CS. Reabsorption and noncytotoxic property of optimized scaffold were established by enzymatic degradation and MTT assay. Enzymatic degradation suggested 20-45% of weight loss (WL) within 14 days of incubation. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that scaffolds were noncytotoxic against normal human dermal fibroblast human dermal fibroblast cell lines. Significant cellular adherence over the scaffold surface with normal cellular morphology was confirmed using SEM analysis. In vivo efficacy evaluation was carried out by means of reduction in wound size on Sprague-Dawley rats. Sprague-Dawley rats treated with optimized scaffold showed ~ 100% wound healing in comparison to ~80% healing in betadine-treated animals within 14 days. Histological examination depicted advance re-epithelization with better organization of collagen bundle in wound area treated with 2% CS in comparison to conventional treatment or no treatment. CONCLUSION This study, thus, reveals that 2% CSs were found to have a great potential in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chhabra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Tyagi
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aseem Bhatnagar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India
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Oryan A, Alidadi S, Bigham-Sadegh A, Moshiri A. Comparative study on the role of gelatin, chitosan and their combination as tissue engineered scaffolds on healing and regeneration of critical sized bone defects: an in vivo study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:155. [PMID: 27590825 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin and chitosan are natural polymers that have extensively been used in tissue engineering applications. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan and gelatin or combination of the two biopolymers (chitosan-gelatin) as bone scaffold on bone regeneration process in an experimentally induced critical sized radial bone defect model in rats. Fifty radial bone defects were bilaterally created in 25 Wistar rats. The defects were randomly filled with chitosan, gelatin and chitosan-gelatin and autograft or left empty without any treatment (n = 10 in each group). The animals were examined by radiology and clinical evaluation before euthanasia. After 8 weeks, the rats were euthanized and their harvested healing bone samples were evaluated by radiology, CT-scan, biomechanical testing, gross pathology, histopathology, histomorphometry and scanning electron microscopy. Gelatin was biocompatible and biodegradable in vivo and showed superior biodegradation and biocompatibility when compared with chitosan and chitosan-gelatin scaffolds. Implantation of both the gelatin and chitosan-gelatin scaffolds in bone defects significantly increased new bone formation and mechanical properties compared with the untreated defects (P < 0.05). Combination of the gelatin and chitosan considerably increased structural and functional properties of the healing bones when compared to chitosan scaffold (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between the gelatin and gelatin-chitosan groups in these regards (P > 0.05). In conclusion, application of the gelatin alone or its combination with chitosan had beneficial effects on bone regeneration and could be considered as good options for bone tissue engineering strategies. However, chitosan alone was not able to promote considerable new bone formation in the experimentally induced critical-size radial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Soodeh Alidadi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Bigham-Sadegh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Moshiri
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Raisin S, Belamie E, Morille M. Non-viral gene activated matrices for mesenchymal stem cells based tissue engineering of bone and cartilage. Biomaterials 2016; 104:223-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Valencia-Gómez LE, Martel-Estrada SA, Vargas-Requena C, Rivera-Armenta JL, Alba-Baena N, Rodríguez-González C, Olivas-Armendáriz I. Chitosan/Mimosa tenuiflora films as potential cellular patch for skin regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1217-1225. [PMID: 27693339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bio-composites films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of chitosan and bark of Mimosa tenuiflora. The physico-chemical and functional properties of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, dynamical mechanical analysis, wettability, cytotoxicity and in vitro antibacterial activities. The morphology studies confirmed that the presence of Mimosa tenuiflora change the surface of films. Moreover, the incorporation of Mimosa tenuiflora improved the thermal stability of the films, as it was indicated by the changes in the glass temperatures obtained. Water-uptake ability changed in relation to polymeric composition of film. This property increased by the addition of Mimosa tenuiflora to the film. Improved antibacterial properties were measured against Escherichia Coli and Micrococcus lysodeikticus or luteus. Finally, cytotoxicity was studied by MTT assay and the films were non-toxic. These preliminary results provide a cheap way to prepare chitosan/Mimosa tenuiflora films for wound healing and skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elizabeth Valencia-Gómez
- Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ave. Del Charro #610 norte, Col. Partido Romero, C.P.32320, Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Santos Adriana Martel-Estrada
- Instituto de arquitectura diseño y arte, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ave. Del Charro #610 norte, Col. Partido Romero, C.P.32320, Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Vargas-Requena
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo, C.P.32320, Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - José Luis Rivera-Armenta
- Centro de investigación en petroquímica secundaria, Instituto tecnológico de Ciudad Madero. Prol. Bahia de Aldair y Ave. De las Bahias, parque de la pequeña y media industria, 89600 Altamira, Tams
| | - Noe Alba-Baena
- Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ave. Del Charro #610 norte, Col. Partido Romero, C.P.32320, Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Rodríguez-González
- Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ave. Del Charro #610 norte, Col. Partido Romero, C.P.32320, Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Imelda Olivas-Armendáriz
- Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ave. Del Charro #610 norte, Col. Partido Romero, C.P.32320, Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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Raftery RM, Walsh DP, Castaño IM, Heise A, Duffy GP, Cryan SA, O'Brien FJ. Delivering Nucleic-Acid Based Nanomedicines on Biomaterial Scaffolds for Orthopedic Tissue Repair: Challenges, Progress and Future Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5447-5469. [PMID: 26840618 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As well as acting to fill defects and allow for cell infiltration and proliferation in regenerative medicine, biomaterial scaffolds can also act as carriers for therapeutics, further enhancing their efficacy. Drug and protein delivery on scaffolds have shown potential, however, supraphysiological quantities of therapeutic are often released at the defect site, causing off-target side effects and cytotoxicity. Gene therapy involves the introduction of foreign genes into a cell in order to exert an effect; either replacing a missing gene or modulating expression of a protein. State of the art gene therapy also encompasses manipulation of the transcriptome by harnessing RNA interference (RNAi) therapy. The delivery of nucleic acid nanomedicines on biomaterial scaffolds - gene-activated scaffolds -has shown potential for use in a variety of tissue engineering applications, but as of yet, have not reached clinical use. The current state of the art in terms of biomaterial scaffolds and delivery vector materials for gene therapy is reviewed, and the limitations of current procedures discussed. Future directions in the clinical translation of gene-activated scaffolds are also considered, with a particular focus on bone and cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne M Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Research Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Walsh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Research Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Irene Mencía Castaño
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Research Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
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Ravindranathan S, Koppolu BP, Smith SG, Zaharoff DA. Effect of Chitosan Properties on Immunoreactivity. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14050091. [PMID: 27187416 PMCID: PMC4882565 DOI: 10.3390/md14050091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a widely investigated biopolymer in drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering and vaccine development. However, the immune response to chitosan is not clearly understood due to contradicting results in literature regarding its immunoreactivity. Thus, in this study, we analyzed effects of various biochemical properties, namely degree of deacetylation (DDA), viscosity/polymer length and endotoxin levels, on immune responses by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Chitosan solutions from various sources were treated with mouse and human APCs (macrophages and/or dendritic cells) and the amount of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) released by the cells was used as an indicator of immunoreactivity. Our results indicate that only endotoxin content and not DDA or viscosity influenced chitosan-induced immune responses. Our data also indicate that low endotoxin chitosan (<0.01 EU/mg) ranging from 20 to 600 cP and 80% to 97% DDA is essentially inert. This study emphasizes the need for more complete characterization and purification of chitosan in preclinical studies in order for this valuable biomaterial to achieve widespread clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Ravindranathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Bhanu Prasanth Koppolu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Sean G Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - David A Zaharoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Chen C, Han H, Yang W, Ren X, Kong X. Polyethyleneimine-modified calcium carbonate nanoparticles for p53 gene delivery. Regen Biomater 2016; 3:57-63. [PMID: 26816656 PMCID: PMC4723273 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles with spherical structure were regulated by arginine and successfully synthesized via a facile co-precipitation method. The average particle size of as-prepared CaCO3 was about 900 nm. The properties of nanostructured CaCO3 particles were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and size distribution. After modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI), the ability of PEI-CaCO3 nanoparticles to carry GFP-marked p53 gene (pEGFP-C1-p53) into cancer cells to express P53 protein were studied. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity, transfection efficiency, cells growth inhibition and the ability to induce apoptosis by expressed P53 protein were conducted to evaluate the performances of PEI-CaCO3 nanoparticles. The results show that prepared PEI-CaCO3 nanoparticles had good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity in a certain concentration range. PEI-CaCO3 effectively transfected pEGFP-C1 gene into epithelial-like cancer cells. And with the expression of GFP-P53 fusion protein, pEGFP-C1-p53-gene-loaded PEI-CaCO3 particles significantly reduced the proliferation of cancer cells. These findings indicate that our PEI-modified CaCO3 nanoparticles are potential to be successfully used as carriers for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Chen
- Bio-X Center, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Marine Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huafeng Han
- Bio-X Center, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Marine Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Bio-X Center, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Marine Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ren
- Bio-X Center, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Marine Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Bio-X Center, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Marine Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Yu X, Yang G, Shi Y, Su C, Liu M, Feng B, Zhao L. Intracellular targeted co-delivery of shMDR1 and gefitinib with chitosan nanoparticles for overcoming multidrug resistance. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:7045-56. [PMID: 26648717 PMCID: PMC4648604 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s92436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, multidrug resistance and side effects of drugs limit the effectiveness of chemotherapies in clinics. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (MDR1), as a member of the ATP-binding cassette family, acts on transporting drugs into cell plasma across the membrane of cancer cells and leads to the occurrence of multidrug resistance, thus resulting in the failure of chemotherapy in cancer. The main aims of this research were to design a nanodelivery system for accomplishing the effective co-delivery of gene and antitumor drug and overcoming multidrug resistance effect. In this study, shMDR1 and gefitinib-encapsulating chitosan nanoparticles with sustained release, small particle size, and high encapsulation efficiency were prepared. The serum stability, protection from nuclease, and transfection efficiency of gene in vitro were investigated. The effects of co-delivery of shMDR1 and gefitinib in nanoparticles on reversing multidrug resistance were also evaluated by investigating the cytotoxicity, cellular uptake mechanism, and cell apoptosis on established gefitinib-resistant cells. The results demonstrated that chitosan nanoparticles entrapping gefitinib and shMDR1 had the potential to overcome the multidrug resistance and improve cancer treatment efficacy, especially toward resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Oncology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
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78
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Tammam SN, Azzazy HME, Breitinger HG, Lamprecht A. Chitosan Nanoparticles for Nuclear Targeting: The Effect of Nanoparticle Size and Nuclear Localization Sequence Density. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4277-89. [PMID: 26465978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many recently discovered therapeutic proteins exert their main function in the nucleus, thus requiring both efficient uptake and correct intracellular targeting. Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted interest as protein delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility and ability to escape the endosomes offering high potential for nuclear delivery. Molecular entry into the nucleus occurs through the nuclear pore complexes, the efficiency of which is dependent on NP size and the presence of nuclear localization sequence (NLS). Chitosan nanoparticles of different sizes (S-NPs ≈ 25 nm; L-NP ≈ 150 nm) were formulated, and they were modified with different densities of the octapeptide NLS CPKKKRKV (S-NPs, 0.25, 0.5, 2.0 NLS/nm(2); L-NPs, 0.6, 0.9, 2 NLS/nm(2)). Unmodified and NLS-tagged NPs were evaluated for their protein loading capacity, extent of cell association, cell uptake, cell surface binding, and finally nuclear delivery efficiency in L929 fibroblasts. To avoid errors generated with cell fractionation and nuclear isolation protocols, nuclear delivery was assessed in intact cells utilizing Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) fluorometry and microscopy. Although L-NPs showed ≈10-fold increase in protein loading per NP when compared to S-NPs, due to higher cell association and uptake S-NPs showed superior protein delivery. NLS exerts a size and density dependent effect on nanoparticle uptake and surface binding, with a general reduction in NP cell surface binding and an increase in cell uptake with the increase in NLS density (up to 8.4-fold increase in uptake of High-NLS-L-NPs (2 NLS/nm(2)) compared to unmodified L-NPs). However, for nuclear delivery, unmodified S-NPs show higher nuclear localization rates when compared to NLS modified NPs (up to 5-fold by FRET microscopy). For L-NPs an intermediate NLS density (0.9 NLS/nm(2)) seems to provide highest nuclear localization (3.7-fold increase in nuclear delivery compared to High-NLS-L-NPs). Results indicate that a higher NLS density does not result in maximum protein nuclear localization and that a universal optimal density for NPs of different sizes does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma N Tammam
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn , Bonn 53121, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo , Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hassan M E Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo , Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hans G Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, The German University in Cairo , Cairo 11432 Egypt
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn , Bonn 53121, Germany.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Franche-Comté , Besançon 25000, France
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79
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Han Z, Zeng Y, Lu H, Zhang L. Determination of the degree of acetylation and the distribution of acetyl groups in chitosan by HPLC analysis of nitrous acid degraded and PMP labeled products. Carbohydr Res 2015; 413:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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80
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Rambhia KJ, Ma PX. Controlled drug release for tissue engineering. J Control Release 2015; 219:119-128. [PMID: 26325405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is often referred to as a three-pronged discipline, with each prong corresponding to 1) a 3D material matrix (scaffold), 2) drugs that act on molecular signaling, and 3) regenerative living cells. Herein we focus on reviewing advances in controlled release of drugs from tissue engineering platforms. This review addresses advances in hydrogels and porous scaffolds that are synthesized from natural materials and synthetic polymers for the purposes of controlled release in tissue engineering. We pay special attention to efforts to reduce the burst release effect and to provide sustained and long-term release. Finally, novel approaches to controlled release are described, including devices that allow for pulsatile and sequential delivery. In addition to recent advances, limitations of current approaches and areas of further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal J Rambhia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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81
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Abstract
Polymeric nanomaterials have extensively been applied for the preparation of targeted and controlled release drug/gene delivery systems. However, problems involved in the formulation of synthetic polymers such as using of the toxic solvents and surfactants have limited their desirable applications. In this regard, natural biomolecules including proteins and polysaccharide are suitable alternatives due to their safety. According to literature, protein-based nanoparticles possess many advantages for drug and gene delivery such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to functionalize with targeting ligands. This review provides a general sight on the application of biodegradable protein-based nanoparticles in drug/gene delivery based on their origins. Their unique physicochemical properties that help them to be formulated as pharmaceutical carriers are also discussed.
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82
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Chitosan multiple addition enhances laccase production from Trametes versicolor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1973-81. [PMID: 26178243 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan multiple addition strategy was developed to improve laccase production from Trametes versicolor cultures. The optimized multiple addition strategy was carried out by two-time addition of 0.1 g L(-1) chitosan to a 2-day-old culture media, with 24-h interval between the treatments. Under these conditions, laccase activity of 644.9 U l(-1) was achieved on the seventh day and laccase production was improved by 93.5 % higher than the control. Chitosan treatment increased reactive oxygen species generation and extracellular protein concentration in the treated mycelia. In contrast, the inducer inhibited the mycelia growth. The result of the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that the copy number of the laccase gene transcript increased by 16.7-fold in the treated mycelia relative to the control. This study provides insight into some of the intrinsic metabolic processes involved in the upregulation of laccase production in the presence of chitosan inducer in fungal culture.
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83
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MicroRNA delivery for regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:108-22. [PMID: 26024978 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) directs post-transcriptional regulation of a network of genes by targeting mRNA. Although relatively recent in development, many miRNAs direct differentiation of various stem cells including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), a major player in regenerative medicine. An effective and safe delivery of miRNA holds the key to translating miRNA technologies. Both viral and nonviral delivery systems have seen success in miRNA delivery, and each approach possesses advantages and disadvantages. A number of studies have demonstrated success in augmenting osteogenesis, improving cardiogenesis, and reducing fibrosis among many other tissue engineering applications. A scaffold-based approach with the possibility of local and sustained delivery of miRNA is particularly attractive since the physical cues provided by the scaffold may synergize with the biochemical cues induced by miRNA therapy. Herein, we first briefly cover the application of miRNA to direct stem cell fate via replacement and inhibition therapies, followed by the discussion of the promising viral and nonviral delivery systems. Next we present the unique advantages of a scaffold-based delivery in achieving lineage-specific differentiation and tissue development.
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84
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Götz C, Warnke PH, Kolk A. Current and future options of regeneration methods and reconstructive surgery of the facial skeleton. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120:315-23. [PMID: 26297391 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal defects attributable to trauma or infection or as a result of oncologic surgery present a common challenge in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery. The autologous vascularized bone graft still represents the gold standard for salvaging these situations. Preoperative virtual planning offers great potential and provides assistance in reconstructive surgery. Nevertheless, the applicability of autologous bone transfer might be limited within the medically compromised patient or because of the complexity of the defect and the required size of the graft to be harvested. The development of alternative methods are urgently needed in the field of regenerative medicine to enable the regeneration of the original tissue. Since the first demonstration of de novo bone formation by regenerative strategies and the application of bone growth factors some decades ago, further progress has been achieved by tissue engineering, gene transfer, and stem cell application concepts. This review summarizes recent approaches and current developments in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Götz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick H Warnke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Belegärztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis für Oral-, Mund- und Kieferchirurgie und plastische Gesichtschirurgie Dres. Sprengel und Klebe, Flensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kolk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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85
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Sipoli CC, Santana N, Shimojo AAM, Azzoni A, de la Torre LG. Scalable production of highly concentrated chitosan/TPP nanoparticles in different pHs and evaluation of the in vitro transfection efficiency. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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86
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Franconetti A, Contreras-Bernal L, Prado-Gotor R, Cabrera-Escribano F. Synthesis of hyperpolarizable biomaterials at molecular level based on pyridinium–chitosan complexes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09397j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel types of fluorescent and quaternized pyridinium–chitosan derivatives have been synthesized and their characteristics as potential NLO-phore biomaterials have been disclosed by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Franconetti
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Lidia Contreras-Bernal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Rafael Prado-Gotor
- Departamento de Química Física
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
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87
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Yuan C, Wang L, An Y, Wu G, Zhang D. Luciferase gene-loaded CS-Qdots as self-illuminating probes for specific hepatoma imaging. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Luciferase gene-loaded chitosan encapsulated quantum dots (CS-Qdots) can act as wavelength-tunable self-illuminating probes thus holding potential for improved tumor optical molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Yuan
- Zhong Da Hospital
- Medical School
- Southeast University
- 210009 Nanjing
- China
| | - Ling Wang
- Zhong Da Hospital
- Medical School
- Southeast University
- 210009 Nanjing
- China
| | - Yanli An
- Zhong Da Hospital
- Medical School
- Southeast University
- 210009 Nanjing
- China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Zhong Da Hospital
- Medical School
- Southeast University
- 210009 Nanjing
- China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Medical School
- Southeast University
- 210009 Nanjing
- China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory For Biomaterials and Devices
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88
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Dai S. Natural Cationic Polymers for Advanced Gene and Drug Delivery. CATIONIC POLYMERS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782620105-00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Gene and drug delivery is becoming more and more important in the treatment of complicated human diseases. Proper gene/drug delivery systems can effectively enhance therapeutic efficiency and minimize various side-effects. To date, a variety of delivery systems have been developed. Different from synthetic materials, natural polymers are abundant in nature, renewable, non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable. Owing to the presence of positive charges, natural cationic polymers have found important applications in many biological fields, such as drug/gene delivery and tissue engineering. In gene delivery, natural cationic polymers can condense nucleic acids, protect them from degradation, lower the immunogenicity and improve overall transfection efficiency. In drug delivery, cationic functional groups can alter the amphiphilic properties of the polymers to ensure their suitable applications for delivering hydrophobic or protein drugs. After simple chemical modification, the derivatives of natural cationic polymers show improved performance as functional delivery carriers. In this chapter, details on the chemical modification of natural cationic polymers and their applications in gene/drug delivery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide Australia
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89
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Zhu HZ, An JH, Yao Q, Han J, Li XT, Jiang FL, Chen GP, Peng LN, Li YS, Sun JG, Chen ZT. Chitosan combined with molecular beacon for mir-155 detection and imaging in lung cancer. Molecules 2014; 19:14710-22. [PMID: 25230125 PMCID: PMC6270718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, thus developing effective methods for its early diagnosis is urgently needed. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) have been reported to play important roles in carcinogenesis and have become potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Molecular beacon (MB) technology is a universal technology to detect DNA/RNA expression in living cells. As a natural polymers, chitosan (CS) nanoparticles could be used as a carrier for safe delivery of nucleic acid. In this study, we developed a probe using nanoparticles of miR-155 MB self assembled with CS (CS-miR-155 MB) to image the expression of miR-155 in cancer cells. Hybridization assay showed that the locked nucleic acid (LAN) modified miR-155 MB could target miR-155 effectively and sensitively. The miR-155 MB self-assembly with CS nanoparticles formed stable complexes at the proper weight ratio. The CS nanoparticles showed higher fluorescence intensity and transfection efficiency than the lipid-based formulation transfection agent by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. The CS-MB complexes were found to be easily synthesized and exhibited strong enzymatic stability, efficient cellular uptake, high target selectivity and biocompatibility. The CS-MB complexes can also be applied in other cancers just by simply changing for a targeted miRNA highly expressed in those cancer cells. Therefore, it is a promising vehicle used for detecting miRNA expression in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhen Zhu
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Jiang-Hong An
- Department of Oncology, People's Liberation Army 532 Hospital, Huangshan 242700, China.
| | - Quan Yao
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Cancer, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 646000, China.
| | - Jing Han
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Xue-Tao Li
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Fei-Long Jiang
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Guang-Peng Chen
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Li-Na Peng
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Yong-Sheng Li
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Sun
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Zheng-Tang Chen
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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90
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Low Molecular Weight Chitosan (LMWC)-based Polyplexes for pDNA Delivery: From Bench to Bedside. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6061727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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91
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Lai P, Daear W, Löbenberg R, Prenner EJ. Overview of the preparation of organic polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery based on gelatine, chitosan, poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid) and polyalkylcyanoacrylate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 118:154-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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92
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Dizaj SM, Jafari S, Khosroushahi AY. A sight on the current nanoparticle-based gene delivery vectors. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:252. [PMID: 24936161 PMCID: PMC4046008 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, gene delivery for therapeutic objects is considered one of the most promising strategies to cure both the genetic and acquired diseases of human. The design of efficient gene delivery vectors possessing the high transfection efficiencies and low cytotoxicity is considered the major challenge for delivering a target gene to specific tissues or cells. On this base, the investigations on non-viral gene vectors with the ability to overcome physiological barriers are increasing. Among the non-viral vectors, nanoparticles showed remarkable properties regarding gene delivery such as the ability to target the specific tissue or cells, protect target gene against nuclease degradation, improve DNA stability, and increase the transformation efficiency or safety. This review attempts to represent a current nanoparticle based on its lipid, polymer, hybrid, and inorganic properties. Among them, hybrids, as efficient vectors, are utilized in gene delivery in terms of materials (synthetic or natural), design, and in vitro/in vivo transformation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, P.O.Box 51664, 14766 Tabriz, Iran
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93
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Lai WF, Lee JM, Jung HS. Molecular and engineering approaches to regenerate and repair teeth in mammals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1691-701. [PMID: 24270857 PMCID: PMC11113857 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous replacement of teeth throughout the lifespan of an individual is possibly basal for most of the vertebrates including fish and reptiles; however, mammals generally have a limited capacity of tooth renewal. The ability to induce cellular differentiation in adults to replace lost or damaged cells in mammals, or to tissue-engineer organs in vitro, has hence become one of the major goals of regenerative medicine. In this article, we will revisit some of the important signals and tissue interactions that regulate mammalian tooth development, and will offer a synopsis of the latest progress in tooth regeneration and repair via molecular and engineering approaches. It is hoped that this article will not only offer an overview of recent technologies in tooth regeneration and repair but will also stimulate more interdisciplinary research in this field to turn the pursuit of tooth regeneration and repair into practical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei Center of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemum-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei Center of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemum-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei Center of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemum-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Korea
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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94
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Abstract
Photoluminescent behaviours of chitosan were investigated. Photoluminescence can be observed from aqueous solution of chitosan, and CO2 treatment can improve the intensity of photoluminescence. The maximum emission is obtained with an excitation at ~336 nm, and the emission wavelength is dependent on the excitation wavelength with a longer excitation wavelength leading to a longer emission wavelength. The chemistry of chitosan before and after CO2 treatment was characterised; and the results reflect that carbamato anion is formed via the reaction between the amines and CO2, and is the fluorophore of the photoluminescence observed. Furthermore, chitosan was applied as an imaging agent for imaging MCF-7 cells using confocal microscopy. Blue and bright green imaging of the cells can be obtained via tuning the excitation and emission wavelength. Together with a low cytotoxicity reflected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide evaluation, fluorescent chitosan is promising for bio-imaging.
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95
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Vauthier C, Zandanel C, Ramon AL. Chitosan-based nanoparticles for in vivo delivery of interfering agents including siRNA. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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