51
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Mei QX, Hu JH, Huang ZH, Fan JJ, Huang CL, Lu YY, Wang XP, Zeng Y. Pretreatment with chitosan oligosaccharides attenuate experimental severe acute pancreatitis via inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating intestinal homeostasis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:942-953. [PMID: 33495520 PMCID: PMC8149410 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a severe acute abdominal disease. Recent evidence shows that intestinal homeostasis is essential for the management of acute pancreatitis. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) possess antioxidant activity that are effective in treating various inflammatory diseases. In this study we explored the potential therapeutic effects of COS on SAP and underlying mechanisms. Mice were treated with COS (200 mg·kg-1·d-1, po) for 4 weeks, then SAP was induced in the mice by intraperitoneal injection of caerulein. We found that COS administration significantly alleviated the severity of SAP: the serum amylase and lipase levels as well as pancreatic myeloperoxidase activity were significantly reduced. COS administration suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL2 and MCP1) in the pancreas and ileums. Moreover, COS administration decreased pancreatic inflammatory infiltration and oxidative stress in SAP mice, accompanied by activated Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibited TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK pathways. We further demonstrated that COS administration restored SAP-associated ileal damage and barrier dysfunction. In addition, gut microbiome analyses revealed that the beneficial effect of COS administration was associated with its ability to improve the pancreatitis-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis; in particular, probiotics Akkermansia were markedly increased, while pathogenic bacteria Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus were almost eliminated. The study demonstrates that COS administration remarkably attenuates SAP by reducing oxidative stress and restoring intestinal homeostasis, suggesting that COS might be a promising prebiotic agent for the treatment of SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xiang Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Jun-Hui Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Ze-Hua Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Jun-Jie Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Chun-Lan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Xing-Peng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China.
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China.
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52
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P. Classification, structure and mechanism of antiviral polysaccharides derived from edible and medicinal fungus. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1753-1773. [PMID: 34048833 PMCID: PMC8144117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The deficiency of chemical-synthesized antiviral drugs when applied in clinical therapy, such as drug resistance, and the lack of effective antiviral drugs to treat some newly emerging virus infections, such as COVID-19, promote the demand of novelty and safety anti-virus drug candidate from natural functional ingredient. Numerous studies have shown that some polysaccharides sourcing from edible and medicinal fungus (EMFs) exert direct or indirect anti-viral capacities. However, the internal connection of fungus type, polysaccharides structural characteristics, action mechanism was still unclear. Herein, our review focus on the two aspects, on the one hand, we discussed the type of anti-viral EMFs and the structural characteristics of polysaccharides to clarify the structure-activity relationship, on the other hand, the directly or indirectly antiviral mechanism of EMFs polysaccharides, including virus function suppression, immune-modulatory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of population balance of gut microbiota have been concluded to provide a comprehensive theory basis for better clinical utilization of EMFs polysaccharides as anti-viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Product Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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53
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Li Z, Zhang C, Li B, Zhang S, Haj FG, Zhang G, Lee Y. The modulatory effects of alfalfa polysaccharide on intestinal microbiota and systemic health of Salmonella serotype (ser.) Enteritidis-challenged broilers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10910. [PMID: 34035347 PMCID: PMC8149654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella serotype (ser.) Enteritidis infection in broilers is a main foodborne illness that substantially threatens food security. This study aimed to examine the effects of a novel polysaccharide isolated from alfalfa (APS) on the intestinal microbiome and systemic health of S. ser. Enteritidis-infected broilers. The results indicated that broilers receiving the APS-supplemented diet had the improved (P < 0.05) growth performance and gut health than those fed no APS-supplemented diet. Supplementation with APS enhanced (P < 0.05) the richness of gut beneficial microbes such as Bacteroidetes, Barnesiella, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Prevotellaceae, while decreased (P < 0.05) the abundance of facultative anaerobic bacteria including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Burkholderiaceae in the S. ser. Enteritidis-infected broilers. The Bacteroides and Odoribacter were identified as the two core microbes across all treatments and combined with their syntrophic microbes formed the hub in co-occurrence networks linking microbiome structure to performance of broilers. Taken together, dietary APS supplementation improved the systemic health of broilers by reshaping the intestinal microbiome regardless of whether S. ser. Enteritidis infection was present. Therefore, APS can be employed as a potential functional additives to inhibit the S. ser. Enteritidis and enhance the food safety in poultry farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, China
| | - Chongyu Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, China
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Guiguo Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, China. .,Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Yunkyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea.
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54
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Huang J, Li S, Wang Q, Guan X, Qian L, Li J, Zheng Y, Lin B. Pediococcus pentosaceus B49 from human colostrum ameliorates constipation in mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:5607-5620. [PMID: 32525185 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is a prevalent and burdensome gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that seriously affects the quality of human life. This study evaluated the effects of the P. pentosaceus B49 (from human colostrum) on loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation in mice. Mice were given P. pentosaceus B49 (5 × 109 CFU or 5 × 1010 CFU) by gavage daily for 14 days. The result shows that P. pentosaceus B49 treatment relieved constipation in mice by shortening the defecation time, increasing the GI transit rate and stool production. Compared with the constipation control group, the P. pentosaceus B49-treated groups showed decreased serum levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters (vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide), increased serum levels of excitatory neurotransmitters (acetylcholinesterase, motilin, and gastrin), and elevated cecal concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Analysis of cecal microbiota reveals that P. pentosaceus B49 was colonized in the intestine of constipated mice, and altered the cecal microbiota by increasing beneficial SCFAs-producing bacteria (i.e., Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Bacteroidales_S24-7) and decreasing potential pathogenic bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus and Helicobacter). Moreover, transcriptome analysis of the colon tissue shows that P. pentosaceus B49 partly normalized the expression of genes related to GI peristalsis (i.e., Ache, Chrm2, Slc18a3, Grp, and Vip), water and electrolyte absorption and transport (i.e., Aqp4, Aqp8, and Atp12a), while down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-oncogenic genes (i.e., Lbp, Lgals2, Bcl2, Bcl2l15, Gsdmc2, and Olfm4) in constipated mice. Our findings indicate that P. pentosaceus B49 effectively relieves constipation in mice and is a promising candidate for treating constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juqing Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, P.R. China. and Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, 350003, P.R. China
| | - Suyi Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, P.R. China. and Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, 350003, P.R. China
| | - Xuefang Guan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, P.R. China. and Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, 350003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Qian
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, P.R. China.
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, P.R. China.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, P.R. China.
| | - Bin Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, P.R. China.
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55
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The Impact of Mushroom Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota and Its Beneficial Effects to Host: A Review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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56
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Ge Y, Ahmed S, Yao W, You L, Zheng J, Hileuskaya K. Regulation effects of indigestible dietary polysaccharides on intestinal microflora: An overview. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13564. [PMID: 33219555 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human intestinal contains rich and diverse microbiota that utilizes a variety of polysaccharides. The intestinal microflora extends the metabolic functions of the body, obtaining energy from indigestible dietary polysaccharides. It is not only a highly competitive environment but also a comprehensive collaboration for these polysaccharides, as the microbiota work to maximize the energy harvested from them through the intestine. Indigestible dietary polysaccharides help to manage colon health and host health by affecting the gut microbial population. These polysaccharides also influence the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the formation of SCFAs. Most of these metabolic activities affect host physiology because the epithelium absorbs secondary metabolites and end products or transports them to the liver, where they could exert other beneficial effects. This article reviews the carbohydrates existing in the human intestine, the regulating actions of indigestible polysaccharides on intestinal microflora, and the molecular basis of the degradation process of these polysaccharides. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Large deals of researches have shown that indigestible polysaccharides possess an outstanding regulation effect on the intestinal microflora, which indicates that indigestible polysaccharides have the potential to be used as prebiotics in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries. However, it is not clear how gut microbiota metabolizes these dietary polysaccharides, and how the resulting gut metabolites may further affect the intestinal microflora population and metabolism. This paper reviews the indigestible dietary polysaccharides existing in the human intestine, the regulation of polysaccharides on gut microbiota, and the molecular basis of the degradation process of these polysaccharides. This review helps to better understand the relationship between indigestible dietary polysaccharides and intestinal microflora, which will provide powerful evidence for the potential use of these polysaccharides as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Ge
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shahid Ahmed
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanzi Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxian Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kseniya Hileuskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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57
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Kanwal S, Aliya S, Xin Y. Anti-Obesity Effect of Dictyophora indusiata Mushroom Polysaccharide (DIP) in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Regulating Inflammatory Cascades and Intestinal Microbiome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:558874. [PMID: 33329380 PMCID: PMC7717937 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.558874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, hyper-permeability of the gut epithelium, and perturbation of the intestinal microbiome. Despite the numerous therapeutic efficacies of Dictyophora indusiata mushroom, its biological activity in alleviating obesity through regulation of the gut microbiota and inflammatory cascades remain obscure. Henceforth, we determined the modulatory impact of D. indusiata polysaccharide (DIP) in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice model. The experimental subjects (BALB/C mice) were supplemented with chow diet (Control group), high-fat diet (HFD group), or HFD along with DIP at a low dose [HFD + DIP(L)] and high dose [HFD + DIP(H)]. Obesity-related parameters, including body weight gain, epididymal adipocyte size, fat accumulation, adipogenic markers, lipogenic markers, inflammatory associated markers, intestinal integrity, and intestinal microbiome, were elucidated. Our findings demonstrated that the oral administration of DIP at low dose partially and at high dose significantly reversed HFD-induced obesity parameters. Furthermore, the body weight, fat accumulation, adipocyte size, adipogenic and liver associated markers, glucose levels, inflammatory cytokines, and endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) levels were reduced considerably. Moreover, the study revealed that DIP treatment reversed the dynamic alterations of the gut microbiome community by decreasing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. These findings led us to infer the therapeutic potential of DIP in alleviating HFD-induced obesity via regulating inflammatory cascades, modulating intestinal integrity and intestinal microbiome community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Kanwal
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shams Aliya
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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58
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Zhang F, Qi N, Zeng Y, Bao M, Chen Y, Liao J, Wei L, Cao D, Huang S, Luo Q, Jiang Y, Mo Z. The Endogenous Alterations of the Gut Microbiota and Feces Metabolites Alleviate Oxidative Damage in the Brain of LanCL1 Knockout Mice. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:557342. [PMID: 33117306 PMCID: PMC7575697 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.557342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered composition of the gut microbiota has been observed in many neurodegenerative diseases. LanCL1 has been proven to protect neurons and reduce oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate alterations of the gut microbiota in LanCL1 knockout mice and to study the interactions between gut bacteria and the brain. Wild-type and LanCL1 knockout mice on a normal chow diet were evaluated at 4 and 8-9 weeks of age. 16s rRNA sequence and untargeted metabolomics analyses were performed to investigate changes in the gut microbiota and feces metabolites. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, AB-PAS staining, and a TUNEL assay were performed to detect alterations in the gut and brain of knockout mice. The serum cytokines of 9-week-old knockout mice, which were detected by a multiplex cytokine assay, were significantly increased. In the central nervous system, there was no increase of antioxidant defense genes even though there was only low activity of glutathione S-transferase in the brain of 8-week-old knockout mice. Interestingly, the gut tight junctions, zonula occludens-1 and occludin, also displayed a downregulated expression level in 8-week-old knockout mice. On the contrary, the production of mucus increased in 8-week-old knockout mice. Moreover, the compositions of the gut microbiota and feces metabolites markedly changed in 8-week-old knockout mice but not in 4-week-old mice. Linear discriminant analysis and t-tests identified Akkermansia as a specific abundant bacteria in knockout mice. Quite a few feces metabolites that have protective effects on the brain were reduced in 8-week-old knockout mice. However, N-acetylsphingosine was the most significant downregulated feces metabolite, which may cause the postponement of neuronal apoptosis. To further investigate the effect of the gut microbiota, antibiotics treatment was given to both types of mice from 5 to 11 weeks of age. After treatment, a significant increase of oxidative damage in the brain of knockout mice was observed, which may have been alleviated by the gut microbiota before. In conclusion, alterations of the gut microbiota and feces metabolites alleviated oxidative damage to the brain of LanCL1 knockout mice, revealing that an endogenous feedback loop mechanism of the microbiota-gut-brain axis maintains systemic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxing Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Nana Qi
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yanyu Zeng
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Mengying Bao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinling Liao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Luyun Wei
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Dehao Cao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Shengzhu Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yonghua Jiang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
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59
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Wang L, Ai C, Wen C, Qin Y, Liu Z, Wang L, Gong Y, Su C, Wang Z, Song S. Fucoidan isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis and colonic inflammation in antibiotic-treated mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:5595-5606. [PMID: 32525182 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00668h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment, as an important therapeutic intervention, can cause damage to the host microbiome and the intestinal mucosal barrier. In order to find a way to alleviate the side effects of antibiotics, the present study investigated the effects of fucoidan (ANP) isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum on gut microbiota dysbiosis and colonic inflammation induced by ciprofloxacin-metronidazole (CiMe) in C57BL/6J mice. Our results showed that dietary ANP prevented colon shortening, alleviated the colonic tissue damages, and partially reversed the alteration of gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria, e.g., Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014 and Akkermansia and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria, e.g., Proteus and Enterococcus. ANP also suppressed the overproduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and promoted the expression of IL-10. In addition, ANP reversed the decreased production of short-chain fatty acids in CiMe-treated mice. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated the presence of critical gut microbiota, which played important roles in reducing the inflammation-related indices. Thus, the present study suggests that fucoidan isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum is effective in providing protection against the negative effects of antibiotics on gut microbiota and colonic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Chunqing Ai
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China. and National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Chengrong Wen
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China. and National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Qin
- Qingdao Brightmoon Seaweed Group Co Ltd, Qingdao 266400, P. R. China and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao 266400, P. R. China
| | - Zhengqi Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Changyu Su
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China. and National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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60
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Amoroso C, Perillo F, Strati F, Fantini M, Caprioli F, Facciotti F. The Role of Gut Microbiota Biomodulators on Mucosal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051234. [PMID: 32429359 PMCID: PMC7291275 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the gut microbiota may cause dysregulated mucosal immune responses leading to the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in genetically susceptible hosts. Restoring immune homeostasis through the normalization of the gut microbiota is now considered a valuable therapeutic approach to treat IBD patients. The customization of microbe-targeted therapies, including antibiotics, prebiotics, live biotherapeutics and faecal microbiota transplantation, is therefore considered to support current therapies in IBD management. In this review, we will discuss recent advancements in the understanding of host−microbe interactions in IBD and the basis to promote homeostatic immune responses through microbe-targeted therapies. By considering gut microbiota dysbiosis as a key feature for the establishment of chronic inflammatory events, in the near future it will be suitable to design new cost-effective, physiologic, and patient-oriented therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IBD that can be applied in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Amoroso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Perillo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Strati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Massimo Fantini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Duilio Casula Hospital, AOU Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20135 Milan, Italy;
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
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61
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Effects of Antibiotics on the Intestinal Microbiota of Mice. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040191. [PMID: 32316518 PMCID: PMC7235770 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on human and mouse gastrointestinal microbiota have correlated the composition of the microbiota to a variety of diseases, as well as proved it vital to prevent colonization with resistant bacteria, a phenomenon known as colonization resistance. Antibiotics dramatically modify the gut community and there are examples of how antibiotic usage lead to colonization with resistant bacteria [e.g., dicloxacillin usage selecting for ESBL-producing E. coli carriage], as shown by Hertz et al. Here, we investigated the impact of five antibiotics [cefotaxime, cefuroxime, dicloxacillin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin] on the intestinal microbiota in mice. Five different antibiotics were each given to groups of five mice. The intestinal microbiotas were profiled by use of the IS-pro analysis; a 16S–23S rDNA interspace [IS]-region-based profiling method. For the mice receiving dicloxacillin and clindamycin, we observed dramatic shifts in dominating phyla from day 1 to day 5. Of note, diversity increased, but overall bacterial load decreased. For ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and cefuroxime there were few overall changes. We speculate that antibiotics with efficacy against the abundant anaerobes in the gut, particularly Bacteroidetes, can in fact be selected for resistant bacteria, disregarding the spectrum of activity.
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62
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Fu P, Bai L, Cai Z, Li R, Yung KKL. Fine particulate matter aggravates intestinal and brain injury and affects bacterial community structure of intestine and feces in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110325. [PMID: 32078839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was a risk factor for neurological disorders when emerging studies revealed that PM2.5 affected the bacterial community structure of gut in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of PM2.5 on intestinal and brain injury and on bacterial community structure in the intestine and feces of APP/PS1 transgenic mice exposed to PM2.5 for eight weeks with a real-world whole-body inhalation exposure system in Taiyuan, China. The brain and intestinal tissues were collected to evaluate histopathological changes by HE staining. TNF-α and IL-6 levels in intestines, brains, and serums, and Aβ-42 levels in brains were detected. Intestinal and fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results showed that PM2.5 significantly aggravated the pathological injury in intestines and brains in AD mice with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. The estimators of Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and ACE indexes reflected the diversity and richness of the bacterial community. Compared with the FA-WT group, the FA-AD group had lower diversity and richness when the PM2.5-AD group had the highest ones. PCA and NMDS revealed the specific influence of PM2.5 on the bacterial community of intestine and feces because that the PM2.5-FA and PM2.5-AD group clumped visibly closer than the other groups in both bacterial communities of intestine and feces. The KEGG pathway analysis predicted the vital functional genes and metabolic pathways in the bacterial community of PM2.5-AD mice. This study indicated the histopathological changes and inflammation in the intestine and brain were seriously caused in PM2.5-AD mice when the α-diversity of the bacterial community in intestine and feces was visibly changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Fu
- Department of Biology, Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Lirong Bai
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China.
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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63
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Attenuation of DSS induced colitis by Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide (DIP) via modulation of gut microbiota and inflammatory related signaling pathways. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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64
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The Structure Features and Improving Effects of Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus on Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 9:antibiotics9010008. [PMID: 31877915 PMCID: PMC7168208 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (Astragalus) is often used as a medical and food resource in China. The present study was designed to investigate the features and effects of polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus (WAP) on rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). WAP was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose and glacturonic acid, with glucan, arabinogalactan and RG-I regions, and it showed loosely irregular sheet conformation. WAP decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration of colon in AAD rats, increased propionate and butyrate production, improved metabolic levels, adjusted the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, and decreased the relative abundance of Allobaculum and Coprococcus. In conclusion, WAP contained different types of polysaccharide regions and sheet three-dimensional conformation, while it ameliorated AAD by recovering the colon structure, adjusting the gut microbiota, and improving the SCFAs levels. The results can provide some data basis for natural products to alleviate the side effects related to antibiotics.
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65
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Habtemariam S. The Chemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of the Edible Mushroom Dictyophora indusiata ( Vent ex. Pers.) Fischer (Synn. Phallus indusiatus). Biomedicines 2019; 7:E98. [PMID: 31842442 PMCID: PMC6966625 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dictyophora indusiata (Vent. Ex. Pers.) Fischer or Phallus indusiatus is an edible member of the higher mushroom phylum of Basidiomycetes. Known for its morphological elegance that gave it the names bridal veil fungus, veiled lady or queen of the mushrooms, it has numerous medicinal values that are beginning to be acknowledged through pharmacological efficacy studies. In an attempt to promote research on this valuable natural resource, the present communication aims to provide a comprehensive review of the chemistry, pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of extracts and compounds isolated from D. indusiata. Of the bioactive compounds, the chemistry of the polysaccharides as major bioactive components primarily the β-(1 → 3)-D-glucan with side branches of β-(1 → 6)-glucosyl units are discussed, while small molecular weight compounds include terpenoids and alkaloids. Biochemical and cellular mechanisms of action from general antioxidant and anti-inflammatory to more specific signaling mechanisms are outlined along with potential applications in cancer and immunotherapy, neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases, etc. Further research areas and limitations of the current scientific data are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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66
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Li A, Ni W, Zhang Q, Li Y, Zhang X, Wu H, Du P, Hou J, Zhang Y. Effect of cinnamon essential oil on gut microbiota in the mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 64:23-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ai‐li Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food CollegeNortheast Agriculture UniversityHarbin China
| | - Wei‐wei Ni
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food CollegeNortheast Agriculture UniversityHarbin China
| | - Qi‐min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food CollegeNortheast Agriculture UniversityHarbin China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food CollegeNortheast Agriculture UniversityHarbin China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food CollegeNortheast Agriculture UniversityHarbin China
| | - Hong‐yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food CollegeNortheast Agriculture UniversityHarbin China
| | - Peng Du
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food CollegeNortheast Agriculture UniversityHarbin China
| | - Jun‐cai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food CollegeNortheast Agriculture UniversityHarbin China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Food EngineeringEast University of HeilongjiangHarbin China
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67
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Wang Y, Ji X, Yan M, Chen X, Kang M, Teng L, Wu X, Chen J, Deng C. Protective effect and mechanism of polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:973-984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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68
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Extract Methods, Molecular Characteristics, and Bioactivities of Polysaccharide from Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051181. [PMID: 31137802 PMCID: PMC6567097 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharide isolated from alfalfa was considered to be a kind of macromolecule with some biological activities; however, its molecular structure and effects on immune cells are still unclear. The objectives of this study were to explore the extraction and purifying methods of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) polysaccharide (APS) and decipher its composition and molecular characteristics, as well as its activation to lymphocytes. The crude polysaccharides isolated from alfalfa by water extraction and alcohol precipitation methods were purified by semipermeable membrane dialysis. Five batches of alfalfa samples were obtained from five farms (one composite sample per farm) and three replicates were conducted for each sample in determination. The results from ion chromatography (IC) analysis showed that the APS was composed of fucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid (GalA), and glucuronic acid (GlcA) with a molar ratio of 2.6:8.0:4.7:21.3:3.2:1.0:74.2:14.9. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw), number-average molecular weight (Mn), and Z-average molecular weight (Mz) of APS were calculated to be 3.30 × 106, 4.06 × 105, and 1.43 × 108 g/mol, respectively, according to the analysis by gel permeation chromatography-refractive index-multiangle laser light scattering (GPC-RI-MALS). The findings of electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) suggest that APS consists of seven linkage residues, namely 1,5-Araf, galactose (T-D-Glc), glucose (T-D-Gal), 1,4-Gal-Ac, 1,4-Glc, 1,6-Gal, and 1,3,4-GalA, with molar proportions of 10.30%, 4.02%, 10.28%, 52.29%, 17.02%, 3.52%, and 2.57%, respectively. Additionally, APS markedly increased B-cell proliferation and IgM secretion in a dose- and time-dependent manner but not the proliferation and cytokine (IL-2, -4, and IFN-γ) expression of T cells. Taken together, the present results suggest that APS are macromolecular polymers with a molar mass (indicated by Mw) of 3.3 × 106 g/mol and may be a potential candidate as an immunopotentiating pharmaceutical agent or functional food.
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69
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Zhang M, Zhao J, Deng J, Duan Z, Zhu C, Fan D. The protective effect of protopanaxatriol-type saponin on intestinal health in antibiotic-treated mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:4124-4133. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This experiment is the first to explore the regulation of PPT on intestinal microbiota and integrity of the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering
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70
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Wan G, Xie M, Yu H, Chen H. Intestinal dysbacteriosis activates tumor-associated macrophages to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer. Innate Immun 2018; 24:480-489. [PMID: 30246585 PMCID: PMC6830866 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918801496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the association between intestinal dysbacteriosis
with colorectal cancer progress and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Tumor
progression was evaluated using xenograft mice model. The epithelial-mesenchymal
transition (EMT) markers were quantified by both real-time PCR and
immunoblotting. The serum content of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured with ELISA
kits. Cell proliferation was determined by the Cell Counting Kit-8. Intestinal
dysbacteriosis was successfully simulated by the administration of a large dose
of antibiotics and was demonstrated to promote xenograft tumor growth and induce
EMT. Accordingly, the serum concentrations of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were
significantly increased. Furthermore, the production and secretion of IL-6 and
TNF-α were remarkably elevated in macrophages isolated from intestinal dysbiotic
mice in comparison with the normal counterparts, and conditioned medium from
these was shown to significantly stimulate EMT process in HT29 cells in
vitro. Macrophage depletion completely abrogated the pro-tumor
effect of intestinal dysbacteriosis. Our results suggest that intestinal
dysbacteriosis stimulates macrophage activation and subsequently induces EMT
process via secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Wan
- 1 Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated PUTUO Hospital, China
| | - Manli Xie
- 1 Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated PUTUO Hospital, China
| | - Hongjie Yu
- 1 Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated PUTUO Hospital, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- 2 Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, China
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