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Greyling A, Bruno RM, Draijer R, Mulder T, Thijssen DH, Taddei S, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L. Effects of wine and grape polyphenols on blood pressure, endothelial function and sympathetic nervous system activity in treated hypertensive subjects. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Rodriguez Lanzi C, de Rosas I, Perdicaro DJ, Ponce MT, Martinez L, Miatello RM, Cavagnaro B, Vazquez Prieto MA. Effects of salicylic acid-induced wine rich in anthocyanins on metabolic parameters and adipose insulin signaling in high-fructose fed rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:969-76. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1207060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Alqurashi RM, Galante LA, Rowland IR, Spencer JP, Commane DM. Consumption of a flavonoid-rich açai meal is associated with acute improvements in vascular function and a reduction in total oxidative status in healthy overweight men. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1227-1235. [PMID: 27680990 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.128728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Açai (Euterpe oleracea) is a polyphenol-rich fruit marketed as beneficial for health. Experimental data showing improvements in health markers arising from açai consumption in humans is limited. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of açai consumption on acute changes in vascular function and on other disease risk markers, including postprandial plasma insulin, glucose, and oxidative stress. DESIGN Twenty-three healthy male volunteers, aged 30-65 y and with a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 25-30, completed a randomized, controlled, high-fat challenge, double-blind, crossover, acute dietary intervention trial. The volunteers consumed either an açai-based smoothie (AS) or a macronutrient-matched control smoothie (PS) together with a high-fat breakfast meal challenge. The primary endpoint was the assessment of endothelial function in the brachial artery by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). RESULTS The acute consumption of an AS containing 694 mg total phenolics improved vascular function, with postprandial increases in FMD from baseline of 1.4% at 2 h compared with 0.4% after consumption of the PS (P = 0.001) and increases at 6 h of 0.8% for the AS compared with -0.3% for the PS (P < 0.001). There was also a significantly lower incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for total peroxide oxidative status after açai consumption relative to the control. No significant changes were observed in blood pressure, heart rate, or postprandial glucose response. However, the first postprandial insulin peak (after breakfast) and the iAUC for insulin were elevated for the AS relative to the PS. CONCLUSIONS In this acute study in overweight men, açai consumption was associated with improvements in vascular function, which may lower the risk of a cardiovascular event. Future intervention studies, perhaps with a chronic design, in wider populations and with other biomarkers of disease risk are needed to fully elucidate the benefits of açai to health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02292329.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randah M Alqurashi
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Laura A Galante
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Rowland
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Pe Spencer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Commane
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Smeriglio A, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Trombetta D. Proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins: occurrence, dietary intake and pharmacological effects. Br J Pharmacol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bph.13630 pmid: 27646690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Visioli F. Polyphenol-based nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease: Review of human evidence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1145-1174. [PMID: 26776959 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to prescription drugs, nutraceuticals/functional foods/medical foods are being increasingly added as adjunct treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), even though most of them have been exclusively studied in vitro. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We review the available evidence (focusing on when the amount of polyphenols' intake was measured) coming from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of (poly)phenol-based supplements. CONCLUSION We conclude that (poly)phenol-based nutraceuticals and functional foods might be indeed used as adjunct therapy of CVD, but additional long-term RCTs with adequate numerosity and with clinically relevant end points are needed to provide unequivocal evidence of their clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy .
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Saleh Al-Shehabi T, Iratni R, Eid AH. Anti-atherosclerotic plants which modulate the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1068-1081. [PMID: 26776961 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of global death, with atherosclerosis being a major contributor to this mortality. Several mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. A key element in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions is the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. Under pathophysiologic conditions such as injury, these cells switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype that often possesses high proliferative and migratory capacities. PURPOSE Despite major advances made in the management and treatment of atherosclerosis, mortality associated with this disease remains high. This mandates that other approaches be sought. Herbal medicine, especially for the treatment of CVD, has been gaining more attention in recent years. This is in no small part due to the evidence-based values associated with the consumption of many plants as well as the relatively cheaper prices, easier access and conventional folk medicine "inherited" over generations. Sections: In this review, we provide a brief introduction about the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis then we highlight the role of vascular smooth muscle cells in this disease, especially when a phenotypic switch of these cells arises. We then thoroughly discuss the various plants that show potentially beneficial effects as anti-atherosclerotic, with prime attention given to herbs and plants that inhibit the phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSION Accumulating evidence provides the justification for the use of botanicals in the treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis. However, further studies, especially clinical ones, are warranted to better define several pharmacological parameters of these herbs, such as toxicity, tolerability, and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuqa Saleh Al-Shehabi
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon ; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Keane KM, George TW, Constantinou CL, Brown MA, Clifford T, Howatson G. Effects of Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus Cerasus L.) consumption on vascular function in men with early hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1531-9. [PMID: 27146650 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.123869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tart cherries contain numerous polyphenolic compounds that could potentially improve endothelial function and reduce cardiovascular disease risk. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the acute effects of Montmorency tart cherry (MC) juice on vascular function in subjects with early hypertension. DESIGN A placebo-controlled, blinded, crossover, randomized Latin square design study with a washout period of ≥14 d was conducted. Fifteen men with early hypertension [systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg, or both] received either a 60-mL dose of MC concentrate or placebo. Microvascular reactivity (laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis), arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity and analysis), blood pressure, and phenolic acid absorption were assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 h postconsumption. RESULTS MC consumption significantly lowered SBP (P < 0.05) over a period of 3 h, with peak reductions of mean ± SEM 7 ± 3 mm Hg 2 h after MC consumption relative to the placebo. Improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors were closely linked to increases in circulating protocatechuic and vanillic acid at 1-2 h. CONCLUSIONS MC intake acutely reduces SBP in men with early hypertension. These benefits may be mechanistically linked to the actions of circulating phenolic acids. This study provides information on a new application of MCs in health maintenance, particularly in positively modulating SBP. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02234648.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Keane
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Trevor W George
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Costas L Constantinou
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Meghan A Brown
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tom Clifford
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Zhu Y, Bo Y, Wang X, Lu W, Wang X, Han Z, Qiu C. The Effect of Anthocyanins on Blood Pressure: A PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3380. [PMID: 27082604 PMCID: PMC4839848 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The findings of clinical studies concerning the association between anthocyanins supplementation and blood pressure (BP) are inconsistent. In order to provide a more precise estimate of the overall effect of anthocyanins on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), we conducted a meta-analysis of clinical trials about anthocyanins supplementation and BP. PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (until October 2015) were searched to identify potential studies with information on anthocyanins extract supplementation and arterial BP. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as a summary statistic. Net changes in SBP and DBP between anthocyanins supplementation and placebo groups were calculated by subtracting the values at end of follow-up from those at baseline. Meta regression was used to explore the potential moderators of effect size. The publication bias was assessed using Begger's Funnel plots and Egger's tests; P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Finally, 6 clinical studies with 472 participants for the effect of anthocyanins consumption on BP were included in the present meta-analysis. There is no significant effect on either SBP (WMD: 1.15 mm Hg, 95% CI: -3.17 to 5.47, I2 = 56%) or DBP (WMD: 1.06 mm Hg, 95% CI: -0.71 to 2.83, I2 = 0%) following supplementation with anthocyanins. In summary, results from this meta-analysis do not favor any clinical efficacy of supplementation with anthocyanins in improving blood pressure. Further well-designed large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with long follow-up period are needed to verify the association of anthocyanins supplementation and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Zhu
- From the Department of Cardiology (YZ), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (YB), College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; Department of Cardiology (XW); Department of Cardiology (WL); Department of Cardiology (XW); Department of Cardiology (ZH); and Department of Cardiology (CQ), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Hügel HM, Jackson N, May B, Zhang AL, Xue CC. Polyphenol protection and treatment of hypertension. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:220-231. [PMID: 26926184 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High blood pressure is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and the rising prevalence of human hypertension precedes the trend toward a global epidemic of unhealthy ageing. A focus on lifestyle and dietary interventions minimizes dependency on pharmacological antihypertensive therapies. REVIEW Observational studies indicate that the intake of dietary flavonoids is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The evidence suggests that the dietary intakes of polyphenol-rich foods, herbs and beverages including flavonols, anthocyanidins, proanthocyanidins, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones and flavan-3-ols, improves vascular health, thereby significantly reducing the risk of hypertension and CVD. Consumption is associated with an improvement in endothelial function via vascular eNOS and Akt activation. Increased NO bioavailability improves vasodilation and blood circulation, effects protein kinases, ion channels and phosphodiesterases, counteracting vascular inflammation and LDL oxidative stress. Importantly, some polyphenols also inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases, inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme activity and thereby improving SBP and DSB. We review the improvement of polyphenol intake on blood pressure and endothelial function for the treatment of hypertension, including not only observational but also RCTs and pre-clinical studies. CONCLUSION The antihypertensive phytotherapy of polyphenol-rich foods for protection and improving endothelial function with vascular relaxation occurs via the NO-cGMP pathway and ACE inhibition. OPCs stimulate endothelium-dependent vasodilation, suppress vasoconstrictor ET-1 synthesis, activate a laminar shear stress response in endothelial cells and also inhibit the activity of metalloproteinases including ACE lowering blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut M Hügel
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia .
| | - Neale Jackson
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Brian May
- School of Health Sciences and China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Anthony L Zhang
- School of Health Sciences and China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Charlie C Xue
- School of Health Sciences and China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
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