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Ooi SL, Correa D, Pak SC. Probiotics, prebiotics, and low FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome - What is the current evidence? Complement Ther Med 2019; 43:73-80. [PMID: 30935559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. While the pathogenesis is not clearly understood, current research points to the role of the gut microbiome and alterations in the diversity of the microbiota. Probiotics, prebiotics, and low FODMAP diet are therapeutic means associated with modification of the gut microbiome for the alleviation of IBS symptoms. This narrative review assesses the current evidence on the efficacy of these treatment options based on findings from recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses published from October 2013 to October 2018. There is a general agreement in the 11 included systematic reviews and meta-analyses that probiotic therapy is safe and can be effective in improving overall IBS symptom scores and abdominal pain in the general IBS population. Nonetheless, conflicting findings remain and no recommendation on the specific species/strains or combination can be made. Short-term restriction of FODMAP in the diet can improve IBS symptoms as per the findings of 7 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, even though the quality of the evidence remains questionable. Inappropriate use of the low FODMAP diet can potentially impact health negatively. As such, a low FODMAP diet is only recommended as a second line treatment guided by qualified clinicians with specialized training. Despite preclinical studies of some prebiotics demonstrated the potential use in improving gut microbiome and intestinal inflammatory response, the beneficial effect of prebiotics for IBS remains theoretical. Two systematic reviews found no evidence to support the clinical use of prebiotics for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia
| | - Dianne Correa
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia.
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Chen YJ, Wu H, Wu SD, Lu N, Wang YT, Liu HN, Dong L, Liu TT, Shen XZ. Parasutterella, in association with irritable bowel syndrome and intestinal chronic inflammation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1844-1852. [PMID: 29744928 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder. Recent studies have showed increasing important role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiological changes of IBS. Our study aims to elaborate the association between intestinal flora with the genesis and the development of IBS. METHODS Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to investigate microbial communities of IBS patients and healthy donors. Stool specimens from the IBS-D patients were equally premixed and implanted into germ free C57B/6 mice to construct IBS animal model, and the normal group was also transplanted with normal premixed feces. The post-transplant defecation and intra-epithelial lymphocyte counts were evaluated. Microbial communities were also checked by the illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. RESULTS Fifteen genuses significantly different were found expressed in the gut flora of IBS patients, and six genuses showed significantly different abundances between the stool specimens of mice of IBS group and normal group. Among these differences, Parasutterella expression was remarkably different in both screening and validation experiments and also related to chronic intestinal inflammation; therefore, Parasutterella expression is considered in association with the development and progression of IBS. CONCLUSION Parasutterella may be related with the genesis and development of IBS and also associated with chronic intestinal inflammation in IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Di Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Ning Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yu H, Shang L, Zeng X, Li N, Liu H, Cai S, Huang S, Wang G, Wang Y, Song Q, Qiao S. Risks Related to High-Dosage Recombinant Antimicrobial Peptide Microcin J25 in Mice Model: Intestinal Microbiota, Intestinal Barrier Function, and Immune Regulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11301-11310. [PMID: 30298738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) can be a promising alternative in various domains. However, further risk information is required. In this study, mice were orally administrated different dosages of recombinant AMP microcin J25 (4.55, 9.1, and 18.2 mg/kg; MccJ25) for 1 week, and the toxicity risk impacts were examined. We evidenced that middle-dosage administration mice had a lower inflammation, better body weight, and ameliorated mucosal morphology, accompanied by reduced intestinal permeability and tighter intestinal barrier. Fecal microbiota composition analysis in middle- or low-dosage mice revealed the Bifidobacterium count was increased and the coliform bacteria count was decreased, and increased in short-chain fatty acid levels. Unexpectedly, there was a risk that high-dosage mice increased intestinal permeability and imbalance of intestinal bacteria. Taken together, these data indicated a safe threshold for usage of MccJ25 in clinical practice. Such studies can effectively enhance the safety of various aspects such as food preservative and drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Song
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Longkefangzhou Bio-Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
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