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Agnihotri R, Gaur S, Albin S. Nanometals in Dentistry: Applications and Toxicological Implications-a Systematic Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:70-88. [PMID: 31782063 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a vital part of health care system, including the dentistry. This branch of technology has been incorporated into various fields of dentistry ranging from diagnosis to prevention and treatment. The latter involves application of numerous biomaterials that help in restoration of esthetic and functional dentition. Over the past decade, these materials were modified through the incorporation of metal nanoparticles (NP) like silver (Ag), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and zirconia (Zr). They enhanced antimicrobial, mechanical, and regenerative properties of these materials. However, lately, the toxicological implications of these nanometal particles have been realized. They were associated with cytotoxicity, genotoxicity altered inflammatory processes, and reticuloendothelial system toxicity. As dental biomaterials containing metal NPs remain functional in oral cavity over prolonged periods, it is important to know their toxicological effects in humans. With this background, the present systematic review is aimed to gain an insight into the plausible applications and toxic implications of nano-metal particles as related to dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Agnihotri
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sumit Gaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Sacharia Albin
- Engineering Department, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, 23504, USA
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Essa D, Choonara YE, Kondiah PPD, Pillay V. Comparative Nanofabrication of PLGA-Chitosan-PEG Systems Employing Microfluidics and Emulsification Solvent Evaporation Techniques. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091882. [PMID: 32825546 PMCID: PMC7564778 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor circulation stability and inadequate cell membrane penetration are significant impediments in the implementation of nanocarriers as delivery systems for therapeutic agents with low bioavailability. This research discusses the fabrication of a biocompatible poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) based nanocarrier with cationic and hydrophilic surface properties provided by natural polymer chitosan and coating polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the entrapment of the hydrophobic drug disulfiram. The traditional emulsification solvent evaporation method was compared to a microfluidics-based method of fabrication, with the optimisation of the parameters for each method, and the PEGylation densities on the experimental nanoparticle formulations were varied. The size and surface properties of the intermediates and products were characterised and compared by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, while the thermal properties were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Results showed optimal particle properties with an intermediate PEG density and a positive surface charge for greater biocompatibility, with nanoparticle surface characteristics shielding physical interaction of the entrapped drug with the exterior. The formulations prepared using the microfluidic method displayed superior surface charge, entrapment and drug release properties. The final system shows potential as a component of a biocompatible nanocarrier for poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Viness Pillay
- Correspondence: (Y.E.C.); (V.P.); Tel.: +27-11-717-2274 (V.P.)
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Mu CF, Cui F, Yin YM, Cho HJ, Kim DD. Docetaxel-Loaded Chitosan-Cholesterol Conjugate-Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090783. [PMID: 32825000 PMCID: PMC7558660 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS)-conjugated chitosan (CS)-based self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) were developed for enhancing the intracellular uptake of docetaxel in multidrug resistance (MDR)-acquired cancer cells. CHS-CS was successfully synthesized and self-aggregation, particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release of docetaxel-loaded CHS-CS NPs were tested. The optimized NPs had a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 303 nm, positive zeta potential of 21.3 mV, and spherical shape. The in vitro release of docetaxel from the optimized CHS-CS NPs in different pH medium (pH 6.0 and 7.4) revealed that the release was improved in a more acidic condition (pH 6.0), representing a tumor cell's environment. The superior MDR-overcoming effect of docetaxel-loaded CHS-CS NPs, compared with docetaxel solution, was verified in anti-proliferation and cellular accumulation studies in MDR-acquired KBV20C cells. Thus, CHS-CS NPs could be potentially used for overcoming the MDR effect in anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Mu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.-F.M.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Fude Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Yong-Mei Yin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.-F.M.); (Y.-M.Y.)
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.C.); (D.-D.K.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6916 (H.-J.C.); +82-2-880-7870 (D.-D.K.)
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.-F.M.); (Y.-M.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.-J.C.); (D.-D.K.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6916 (H.-J.C.); +82-2-880-7870 (D.-D.K.)
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Jalal AR, Dixon JE. Efficient Delivery of Transducing Polymer Nanoparticles for Gene-Mediated Induction of Osteogenesis for Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:849. [PMID: 32850720 PMCID: PMC7419434 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing non-viral gene therapy vectors that both protect and functionally deliver nucleic acid cargoes will be vital if gene augmentation and editing strategies are to be effectively combined with advanced regenerative medicine approaches. Currently such methodologies utilize high concentrations of recombinant growth factors, which result in toxicity and off-target effects. Herein we demonstrate the use of modified cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), termed Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding Enhanced Transduction (GET) peptides with plasmid DNA (pDNA) encapsulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA nanoparticles (pDNA-encapsulated PLGA NPs). In order to encapsulate the pDNA, it was first condensed with a cationic low molecular weight Poly L-Lysine (PLL) into 30-60 nm NPs followed by encapsulation in PLGA NPs by double emulsion; yielding encapsulation efficiencies (EE) of ∼30%. PLGA NPs complexed with GET peptides show enhanced intracellular delivery (up to sevenfold) and transfection efficiencies (up to five orders of magnitude). Moreover, the pDNA cargo has enhanced protection from nucleases (such as DNase I) promoting their translatability. As an example, we show these NPs efficiently deliver pBMP2 which can promote osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Gene delivery to human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSCs) inducing their osteogenic programming was confirmed by Alizarin red calcium staining and bone lineage specific gene expression (Q RT-PCR). By combining simplistic and FDA-approved PLGA polymer nanotechnology with the GET delivery system, therapeutic non-viral vectors could have significant impact in future cellular therapy and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James E. Dixon
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies Division, The University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute (BDI), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Selenium and dopamine-crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogel for chemophotothermal cancer therapy. J Control Release 2020; 324:750-764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Nejabat M, Eisvand F, Soltani F, Alibolandi M, Mohammad Taghdisi S, Abnous K, Hadizadeh F, Ramezani M. Combination therapy using Smac peptide and doxorubicin-encapsulated MUC 1-targeted polymeric nanoparticles to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy: An in vitro and in vivo study. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119650. [PMID: 32679263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeting inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family comprising high level expression in many cancer cells, could sensitize tumor cells to conventional chemotherapies. In the present study, we designed both doxorubicin and SmacN6 (an antagonist of the IAPs) encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and investigated their synergistic effect of combination therapy in vitro and in vivo. According to the results, NPs-SmacN6 significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity effect of NPs-DOX and reduced its IC50 in MCF-7, 4T1 and C26 cancer cells. Western blot analysis confirmed mechanism of cell apoptosis via caspase activation through intrinsic and also extrinsic pathways. Moreover, 5TR1 aptamer-modified NPs could effectively deliver DOXor SmacN6 to C26 cancer cells (MUC1 positive) in comparison with the non-targeted one (p < 0.001). However, they could not be efficiently internalized into CHO cells (MUC1 negative), showing less cytotoxicity in this cell line. In vivo experiments in BALB/c mice bearing C26 tumor indicated that Apt-NPs-DOX in combination with Apt-NPs-SmacN6 had significant tumor growth inhibition in comparison with mice receiving either free DOX or Apt-NPs-DOX with p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively. Our results revealed that combination therapy of DOX and SmacN6 via Apt-modified nanoparticles can lead to improvement of therapeutic index of DOX in MUC1 positive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Nejabat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farhad Eisvand
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soltani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Xie X, Wang W, Cheng J, Liang H, Lin Z, Zhang T, Lu Y, Li Q. Bilayer pifithrin-α loaded extracellular matrix/PLGA scaffolds for enhanced vascularized bone formation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 190:110903. [PMID: 32120128 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, PR China
| | - Wanshun Wang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, Key Laboratory of Trauma & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Hospital of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510010, PR China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, PR China
| | - Haifeng Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, PR China
| | - Zefeng Lin
- Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, Key Laboratory of Trauma & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Hospital of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510010, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, Key Laboratory of Trauma & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Hospital of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510010, PR China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, PR China; Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, Key Laboratory of Trauma & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Hospital of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510010, PR China; Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, PR China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, PR China.
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58
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Shen X, Li T, Xie X, Feng Y, Chen Z, Yang H, Wu C, Deng S, Liu Y. PLGA-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Remotely Triggered Cancer Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:381. [PMID: 32432092 PMCID: PMC7214837 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intelligent drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology have been widely developed and investigated in the field of nanomedicine since they were able to maximize the therapeutic efficacy and minimize the undesirable adverse effects. Among a variety of organic or inorganic nanomaterials available to fabricate drug delivery systems (DDSs) for cancer therapy and diagnosis, poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been extensively employed due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this paper, we review the recent status of research on the application of PLGA-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) in remotely triggered cancer therapy and the strategies for tumor imaging provided by PLGA-based DDSs. We firstly discuss the employment of PLGA-based DDSs for remotely triggered cancer therapy, including photo-triggered, ultrasound-triggered, magnetic field-triggered, and radiofrequency-triggered cancer therapy. Photo-triggered cancer therapy involves photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and photo-triggered chemotherapeutics release. Ultrasound-triggered cancer therapy involves high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, ultrasound-triggered chemotherapeutics release, and ultrasound-enhanced efficiency of gene transfection. The strategies which endows PLGA-based DDSs with imaging properties and the PLGA-based cancer theranostics are further discussed. Additionally, we also discuss the targeting strategies which provide PLGA-based DDSs with passive, active or magnetic tumor-targeting abilities. Numerous studies cited in our review demonstrate the great potential of PLGA-based DDSs as effective theranostic agent for cancer therapy and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Shen
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Feng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengqi Deng
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Ucak S, Sudagidan M, Borsa BA, Mansuroglu B, Ozalp VC. Inhibitory effects of aptamer targeted teicoplanin encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles for Staphylococcus aureus strains. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:69. [PMID: 32333113 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of resistance to traditional antibiotic treatments necessitates alternative delivery systems. Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the treatments of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). One strategy to keep up with antibiotic resistance development is to limit dose and amount during treatments. Targeted delivery systems of antibiotics have been suggested as a mechanism to slow-down the evolution of resistance and to increase efficiency of the antimicrobials on already resistant pathogens. In this study, we report teicoplanin delivery nanoparticles of Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA), which are functionalized with S. aureus specific aptamers. A 32-fold decrease in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of teicoplanin for S. aureus was demonstrated for susceptible strains and about 64-fold decline in MIC value was achieved for moderately resistant clinical isolates of MRSA upon teicoplanin treatment with aptamer-PLGA nanoparticles. Although teicoplanin delivery in PLGA nanoparticles without targeting demonstrated eightfold decrease in MIC of susceptible strains of S. aureus and S. epidermidis and twofold in MIC of resistant strains, the aptamer targeting specifically decreased MIC for S. aureus, but not for S. epidermidis. Therefore, aptamer-targeted PLGA delivery of antibiotic can be an attractive alternative to combat with some of the multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Ucak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,School of Medicine, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Sudagidan
- Kit-Argem Research Center, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Baris A Borsa
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Banu Mansuroglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veli C Ozalp
- Medical School, Department of Medical Biology, Atilim University, 06830, Ankara, Turkey.
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Yeh YC, Huang TH, Yang SC, Chen CC, Fang JY. Nano-Based Drug Delivery or Targeting to Eradicate Bacteria for Infection Mitigation: A Review of Recent Advances. Front Chem 2020; 8:286. [PMID: 32391321 PMCID: PMC7193053 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria infection is a major public health problem due to the high morbidity and mortality rates, as well as the increased expenditure on patient management. Although there are several options for antimicrobial therapy, their efficacy is limited because of the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria. Many conventional antibiotics have failed to show significant amelioration in overall survival of infectious patients. Nanomedicine for delivering antibiotics provides an opportunity to improve the efficiency of the antibacterial regimen. Nanosystems used for antibiotic delivery and targeting to infection sites render some benefits over conventional formulations, including increased solubility, enhanced stability, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, prolonged antibiotic half-life, tissue targeting, and minimal adverse effects. The nanocarriers' sophisticated material engineering tailors the controllable physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles for bacterial targeting through passive or active targeting. In this review, we highlight the recent progress on the development of antibacterial nanoparticles loaded with antibiotics. We systematically introduce the concepts and amelioration mechanisms of the nanomedical techniques for bacterial eradication. Passive targeting by modulating the nanoparticle structure and the physicochemical properties is an option for efficient drug delivery to the bacteria. In addition, active targeting, such as magnetic hyperthermia induced by iron oxide nanoparticles, is another efficient way to deliver the drugs to the targeted site. The nanoparticles are also designed to respond to the change in environment pH or enzymes to trigger the release of the antibiotics. This article offers an overview of the benefits of antibacterial nanosystems for treating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Duskey JT, Baraldi C, Gamberini MC, Ottonelli I, Da Ros F, Tosi G, Forni F, Vandelli MA, Ruozi B. Investigating Novel Syntheses of a Series of Unique Hybrid PLGA-Chitosan Polymers for Potential Therapeutic Delivery Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040823. [PMID: 32260469 PMCID: PMC7249265 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering new materials to aid in the therapeutic delivery of drugs is in high demand. PLGA, a FDA approved polymer, is well known in the literature to form films or nanoparticles that can load, protect, and deliver drug molecules; however, its incompatibility with certain drugs (due to hydrophilicity or charge repulsion interactions) limits its use. Combining PLGA or other polymers such as polycaprolactone with other safe and positively-charged molecules, such as chitosan, has been sought after to make hybrid systems that are more flexible in terms of loading ability, but often the reactions for polymer coupling use harsh conditions, films, unpurified products, or create a single unoptimized product. In this work, we aimed to investigate possible innovative improvements regarding two synthetic procedures. Two methods were attempted and analytically compared using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) to furnish pure, homogenous, and tunable PLGA-chitosan hybrid polymers. These were fully characterized by analytical methods. A series of hybrids was produced that could be used to increase the suitability of PLGA with previously non-compatible drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Thomas Duskey
- Te.Far.T.I.-Nanotech Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (J.T.D.); (I.O.); (F.D.R.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (M.A.V.)
- Umberto Veronesi Foundation, 20121 Milano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Baraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Maria Cristina Gamberini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Ilaria Ottonelli
- Te.Far.T.I.-Nanotech Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (J.T.D.); (I.O.); (F.D.R.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (M.A.V.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Da Ros
- Te.Far.T.I.-Nanotech Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (J.T.D.); (I.O.); (F.D.R.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Te.Far.T.I.-Nanotech Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (J.T.D.); (I.O.); (F.D.R.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Flavio Forni
- Te.Far.T.I.-Nanotech Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (J.T.D.); (I.O.); (F.D.R.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Te.Far.T.I.-Nanotech Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (J.T.D.); (I.O.); (F.D.R.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Te.Far.T.I.-Nanotech Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (J.T.D.); (I.O.); (F.D.R.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (M.A.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Essa D, Kondiah PPD, Choonara YE, Pillay V. The Design of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Nanocarriers for Medical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:48. [PMID: 32117928 PMCID: PMC7026499 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric biomaterials have found widespread applications in nanomedicine, and poly(lactide-co-glycolide), (PLGA) in particular has been successfully implemented in numerous drug delivery formulations due to its synthetic malleability and biocompatibility. However, the need for preconception in these formulations is increasing, and this can be achieved by selection and elimination of design variables in order for these systems to be tailored for their specific applications. The starting materials and preparation methods have been shown to influence various parameters of PLGA-based nanocarriers and their implementation in drug delivery systems, while the implementation of computational simulations as a component of formulation studies can provide valuable information on their characteristics. This review provides a critical summary of the synthesis and applications of PLGA-based systems in bio-medicine and outlines experimental and computational design considerations of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Recent advances in physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models for anticancer nanomedicines. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:80-99. [PMID: 31975317 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have distinct pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and can potentially improve the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of small-molecule drugs loaded therein. Owing to the unwanted toxicities of anticancer agents in healthy organs and tissues, their precise delivery to the tumor is an essential requirement. There have been numerous advancements in the development of nanomedicines for cancer therapy. Physiologically based PK (PBPK) models serve as excellent tools for describing and predicting the ADME properties and the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, in combination with pharmacodynamic (PD) models. The recent preliminary application of these modeling approaches to NPs demonstrated their potential benefits in research and development processes relevant to the ADME and pharmacodynamics of NPs and nanomedicines. Here, we comprehensively review the pharmacokinetics of NPs, the developed PBPK models for anticancer NPs, and the developed PD model for anticancer agents.
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Casalini T, Rossi F, Castrovinci A, Perale G. A Perspective on Polylactic Acid-Based Polymers Use for Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:259. [PMID: 31681741 PMCID: PMC6797553 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA)-based polymers are ubiquitous in the biomedical field thanks to their combination of attractive peculiarities: biocompatibility (degradation products do not elicit critical responses and are easily metabolized by the body), hydrolytic degradation in situ, tailorable properties, and well-established processing technologies. This led to the development of several applications, such as bone fixation screws, bioresorbable suture threads, and stent coating, just to name a few. Nanomedicine could not be unconcerned by PLA-based materials as well, where their use for the synthesis of nanocarriers for the targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs emerged as a new promising application. The purpose of the here presented review is two-fold: on one side, it aims at providing a broad overview of PLA-based materials and their properties, which allow them gaining a leading role in the biomedical field; on the other side, it offers a specific focus on their recent use in nanomedicine, highlighting opportunities and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Casalini
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Department of Innovative Technologies, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Castrovinci
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Department of Innovative Technologies, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Department of Innovative Technologies, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
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