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Gu M, Jia Q, Zhang Z, Bai N, Xu X, Xu B. Soya-saponins induce intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:264-272. [PMID: 29625242 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soybean meal-induced enteritis (SBMIE) is a well-described condition in the distal intestine (DI) of several cultured fish species, but the exact cause is still unclear. The work on Atlantic salmon and zebrafish suggested soya-saponins, as heat-stable anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal, are the major causal agents. However, this conclusion was not supported by the research on some other fish, such as gilthead sea bream and European sea bass. Our previous work proved that soybean could induce SBMIE on turbot and the present work aimed to investigate whether soya-saponins alone could cause SBMIE and the effects of soya-saponins on the intestinal barrier function in juvenile turbot. Turbots with initial weight 11.4 ± 0.02 g were fed one of four fishmeal-based diets containing graded levels of soya-saponins (0, 2.5, 7.5, 15 g kg-1) for 8 weeks. At the end of the trial, all fish were weighed and plasma was obtained for diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and d-lactate level analysis and DI was sampled for histological evaluation and quantification of antioxidant parameters and inflammatory marker genes. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and intestinal glutathione level were selected to evaluated intestinal antioxidant system. The distal intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labelling and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), respectively. The results showed that soya-saponins caused significantly dose-dependent decrease in the growth performance and nutrient utilization (p < 0.05). Enteritis developed in DI of the fish fed diet containing soya-saponins. Significantly dose-dependent increases in severity of the inflammation concomitant with up-regulated expression of il-1β, il-8, and tnf-α, increased IEC proliferation and apoptosis, and decreases in selected antioxidant parameters were detected (p < 0.05). The epithelial permeability (evaluated by the plasma DAO activity and d-lactate level) was significantly increased with the increasing of dietary level of soya-saponins (p < 0.05), which was concomitant with the destroyed the intracellular junctions. In conclusion, the present work proved that soya-saponins induced enteritis and compromised the intestinal barrier functions. Based on the present work, strategies focus on regulation of cell apoptosis, epithelial permeability, intracellular junctions and redox homeostasis worth further investigating to develop new and efficient ways for SBMIE alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Qian Jia
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Nan Bai
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, PR China.
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Bingying Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, PR China
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Petersen RC, Reddy MS, Liu PR. Advancements in Free-Radical Pathologies and an Important Treatment Solution with a Free-Radical Inhibitor. SF JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 1:1003. [PMID: 29984367 PMCID: PMC6034992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds particularly at exposed end groups of nonsolid fluids are susceptible to free-radical covalent bonding on one carbon atom creating a new free radical on the opposite carbon atom. Subsequent reactive secondary sequence free-radical polymerization can then continue across extensive carbon-carbon double bonds to form progressively larger molecules with ever-increasing viscosity and eventually produce solids. In a fluid solution when carbon-carbon double bonds are replaced by carbon-carbon single bonds to decrease fluidity, increasing molecular organization can interfere with molecular oxygen (O2) diffusion. During normal eukaryote cellular energy synthesis O2 is required by mitochondria to combine with electrons from the electron transport chain and hydrogen cations from the proton gradient to form water. When O2 is absent during periods of irregular hypoxia in mitochondrial energy synthesis, the generation of excess electrons can develop free radicals or excess protons can produce acid. Free radicals formed by limited O2 can damage lipids and proteins and greatly increase molecular sizes in growing vicious cycles to reduce oxygen availability even more for mitochondria during energy synthesis. Further, at adequate free-radical concentrations a reactive crosslinking unsaturated aldehyde lipid breakdown product can significantly support free-radical polymerization of lipid oils into rubbery gel-like solids and eventually even produce a crystalline lipid peroxidation with the double bond of O2. Most importantly, free-radical inhibitor hydroquinone intended for medical treatments in much pathology such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, infection/inflammation and also ageing has proven extremely effective in sequestering free radicals to prevent chain-growth reactive secondary sequence polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- RC Petersen
- Departments of Biomaterials and Restorative Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - MS Reddy
- Office of the Dean, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - P-R Liu
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Liu M, Li S, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Wang J, Sun H. Oral engineered Bifidobacterium longum expressing rhMnSOD to suppress experimental colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 57:25-32. [PMID: 29455070 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, using genetic engineering and bioengineering techniques, Bifidobacterium as a carrier to express specific functions of the protein or polypeptide, has become a new treatment for disease. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although the cause of this inflammatory disorder is still unknown, a large amount of evidence suggests that ulcerative colitis is associated with increased activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a kind of superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been demonstrated to play a key role in the pathophysiology of colitis. Here, we explored the Bifidobacterium as a drug delivery system to orally deliver a potent anti-inflammatory but poor penetration and stability antioxidant enzymes human MnSOD, transported into cells by a penetratin PEP-1. We constructed an expression vector expressing PEP-1-hMnSOD fusion protein, and successfully expressed hMnSOD fusion protein in engineered Bifidobacterium. Then we identified the bioactivity of engineered Bifidobacterium in LPS-induced inflammatory cell model. Finally, we used Bifidobacterium expressing PEP-1-hMnSOD fusion protein against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice. B. longum-PEP-1-rhMnSOD can successfully express rhMnSOD in the colon. We found that levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 as well as histological damage in colonic tissues showed that engineered Bifidobacterium effectively reduced dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis, we also tested the MPO, verified the above conclusions. These results suggest that oral Bifidobacterium expressing PEP-1-hMnSOD fusion protein can be treated as a new method of UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenrui Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Fernandez OOA, Pereira JA, Campos FG, Araya CM, Marinho GE, Novo RDS, Oliveira TSD, Franceschi YT, Martinez CAR. EVALUATION OF ENEMAS CONTAINING SUCRALFATE IN TISSUE CONTENT OF MUC-2 PROTEIN IN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DIVERSION COLITIS. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2017; 30:132-138. [PMID: 29257850 PMCID: PMC5543793 DOI: 10.1590/0102-6720201700020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of topical application of sucralfate (SCF) on the tissue content of MUC-2 protein have not yet been evaluated in experimental models of diversion colitis. AIM To measure the tissue content of MUC-2 protein in the colonic mucosa diverted from fecal stream submitted to the SCF intervention. METHODS Thirty-six rats underwent derivation of intestinal transit through proximal colostomy and distal mucous fistula. The animals were divided into three groups which were submitted application of enemas with saline, SCF 1 g/kg/day and SCF 2 g/kg/day. Each group was divided into two subgroups, according to euthanasia was done after two or four weeks. The colitis diagnosis was established by histopathological study and the inflammatory intensity was evaluated by previously validated scale. The MUC-2 protein was identified by immunohistochemistry and the tissue content was measured computerized morphometry). RESULTS The application of enemas with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day reduced inflammatory score of the segments that were diverted from fecal stream. The content of MUC-2 in diverted colon of the animals submitted to the intervention with SCF, independently of intervention period and the used concentration, was significantly greater than animals submitted to the application of enemas containing saline (p< 0.01). The content of MUC-2 after the intervention with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day was significantly higher when compared to the animals submitted to the application containing SCF at concentration of 1.0 g/kg/day (p<0.01). The tissue content of MUC-2 reached the highest values after intervention with SCF in the concentration of 2 g/kg/day for four weeks (p<0.01). Conclusion: The preventive application of enemas containing SCF reduces the inflammatory score and avoids the reduction of tissue content of MUC-2, suggesting that the substance is a valid therapeutic strategy to preserve the mucus layer that covers the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Orlando Araya Fernandez
- Laboratory of Medical Research of the Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - José Aires Pereira
- Laboratory of Medical Research of the Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Guilherme Campos
- Laboratory of Medical Research of the Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Mardegan Araya
- Laboratory of Medical Research of the Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Escocia Marinho
- Laboratory of Medical Research of the Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Souza Novo
- Laboratory of Medical Research of the Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medical Research of the Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Yara Tinoco Franceschi
- Laboratory of Medical Research of the Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Real Martinez
- Laboratory of Medical Research of the Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
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Reduced Transferrin Levels in Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9541370. [PMID: 29226154 PMCID: PMC5684570 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9541370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disease of unclear etiopathogenesis and challenging diagnosis, frequently complicated by anemia and malnutrition. C-reactive protein (CRP) remains the only biochemical marker of clinical relevance. The aim of this study was to test hypothesis that transferrin, coinfluenced by inflammation, malnutrition, anemia, and oxidative stress, may better reflect global IBD patient's condition than any other more specific index. Transferrin and other indices of inflammation, anemia, malnutrition, and oxidative stress were measured in 137 IBD patients (Crohn's disease (CD): n = 63 and ulcerative colitis (UC): n = 74) and 97 controls. Transferrin is reduced in active CD and UC and negatively correlates with the disease activity scores (CD: ρ = −0.49; UC: ρ = −0.52). In UC, transferrin correlates negatively with CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), leukocytes, platelets, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and TNF-α and positively with albumins, cholesterol, hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, iron, and paraoxonase-1. In CD, transferrin correlates negatively with CRP, leukocytes, platelets, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 and positively with albumins, iron, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-1, superoxide dismutase-1, and paraoxonase-1. The associations with inflammation and anemia/malnutrition were more pronounced in UC and with oxidative stress in CD. As UC activity marker, transferrin outperforms ESR and hemoglobin, indices used in calculating the disease clinical severity score.
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Yuksel M, Ates I, Kaplan M, Arikan MF, Ozin YO, Kilic ZMY, Topcuoglu C, Kayacetin E. Is Oxidative Stress Associated with Activation and Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease? J Med Biochem 2017; 36:341-348. [PMID: 30581331 PMCID: PMC6294084 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to determine the levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and paraoxonase1/arylesterase levels in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the relation be - tween these molecules and the activity index of the disease.
Methods Eighty IBD patients (ulcerative colitis (UC)/Crohn disease (CD) 40/40) and 80 control group participants were included in the study. Oxidative stress parameters were measured using the colorimetric method. As disease activity indexes, the endoscopic activity index (EAI) was used for UC and the CD activity index (CDAI) was used for CD. Results In IBD patients, mean TAS (1.3±0.2 vs 1.9±0.2, respectively; p<0.001) and arylesterase (963.9±232.2 vs 1252.9±275, respectively; p<0.001) levels were found to be lower and TOS level (5.6±1.6 vs 4.0±1.0, respectively; p<0.001) and OSI rate (4.5±1.6 vs 2.2±0.8, respectively; p<0.001) were found to be higher compared to the control group. A strong positive correlation was found between EAI and TOS levels (r=0.948, p<0.001) and OSI rate (r=0.894, p<0.001) for UC patients. A very strong positive correlation was found between EAI and TOS levels (r=0.964, p<0.001) and OSI rate (r=0.917, p<0.001) for CD patients. It was found in a stepwise regression model that C-reactive protein, OSI and arylesterase risk factors were predictors of IBD compared to the control group. Conclusion: Increased oxidative stress level in IBD patients and the detection of OSI rate as an independent predictor for disease activity indexes lead to the idea that oxidative stress might be related to the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Yuksel
- Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of GastroenterologyAnkara, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Ates
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal MedicineAnkara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kaplan
- Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of GastroenterologyAnkara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fettah Arikan
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal MedicineAnkara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozderin Ozin
- Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of GastroenterologyAnkara, Turkey
| | - Zeki Mesut Yalin Kilic
- Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of GastroenterologyAnkara, Turkey
| | - Canan Topcuoglu
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of BiochemistryAnkara, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kayacetin
- Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of GastroenterologyAnkara, Turkey
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Martinez CAR, Kadri CJ, Kanno DT, Alves AJT, Coy CSR, Pereira JA. Claudin-3 and occludin content in the glands of colonic mucosa devoid from fecal stream submitted to topical intervention with oil extract of Curcuma longa. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:65-73. [PMID: 28225919 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the inflammatory intensity and measure the tissue content of the proteins claudin-3 and occludin in the colonic mucosa without fecal stream submit to intervention with curcumin. Methods: Thirty-six rats were submitted to a proximal colostomy and a distal mucous fistula and divided into two groups according to sacrifice to be performed two or four weeks. Each group was divided into three subgroups according daily application of enemas containing saline, curcumin at 50 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis. Claudin-3 and occludin were determined by immunohistochemistry. The tissue content of claudin-3 and occludin were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. Mann-Whitney, Student t and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the results establishing the level of significance of 5% for both (p<0.05). Results: Curcumin at both concentrations reduces the inflammation and preserves the tissue content of the proteins claudin-3 and occludin, which was related to the concentration used and to the time of the intervention. Conclusion: The application of enemas with curcumin reduces inflammation and preserves the tissue content of the proteins claudin-3 and occludin in the colonic mucosa devoid from the fecal stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Augusto Real Martinez
- PhD, Associate Professor, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista-SP, Brazil. Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil. Intellectual and scientific content of the study, manuscript writing, critical revision
| | - Caled Jaoudat Kadri
- PhD, Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, USF, Bragança Paulista-SP, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures
| | - Danilo Toshio Kanno
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, USF Bragança Paulista-SP, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures
| | - Antônio José Tibúrcio Alves
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas-SP, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, histological examinations, technical procedures
| | - Cláudio Saddy Rodrigues Coy
- PhD, Associate Professor, Head, Department of Surgery, UNICAMP, Campinas-SP, Brazil. Manuscript writing, critical revision
| | - José Aires Pereira
- PhD, Assistant Professor, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, USF, Bragança Paulista-SP, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, histological and immunohistochemical analysis
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Arisawa T, Nakamura M, Otsuka T, Jing W, Sakurai N, Takano H, Hayashi T, Ota M, Nomura T, Hayashi R, Shimasaki T, Tahara T, Shibata T. Genetic polymorphisms of MAFK, encoding a small Maf protein, are associated with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in Japan. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5364-5370. [PMID: 28839436 PMCID: PMC5550785 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i29.5364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in maf protein K (MAFK), which encodes the MAFK, lead to increased susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in the Japanese population.
METHODS This case control study examined the associations between MAFK single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4268033 G>A, rs3735656 T>C and rs10226620 C>T) and ulcerative colitis susceptibility in 174 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) cases, and 748 subjects without no lower abdominal symptoms, diarrhea or hematochezia (controls). In addition, as the second controls, we set 360 subjects, who have an irregular bowel movement without abnormal lower endoscopic findings (IBM controls).
RESULTS The genotype frequency of rs4268033 AA and allelic frequency of the rs4268033A allele were significantly higher in the UC cases than in both controls (P = 0.0005 and < 0.0001, P = 0.015 and 0.0027 vs controls and IBM controls, respectively). Logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age and gender showed that the rs4268033 AA and rs3735656 CC genotypes were significantly associated with susceptibility to UC development (OR = 2.63, 95%CI: 1.61-4.30, P = 0.0001 and OR = 1.81; 95%CI: 1.12-2.94, P = 0.015, respectively). Similar findings were observed by the comparison with IBM controls. In addition, the rs4268033 AA genotype was significantly associated with all phenotypes of UC except early onset. There was no significant association between rs10226620 and ulcerative colitis.
CONCLUSION Our results provide the first evidence that MAFK genetic polymorphisms are significantly associated with susceptibility to UC development. In particular, rs4268033 is closely associated with an increased risk for the development of UC.
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Effect of bevacizumab on acetic acid–induced ulcerative colitis in rats. J Surg Res 2017; 216:191-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Matondo A, Kim SS. Targeted-mitochondria antioxidants therapeutic implications in inflammatory bowel disease. J Drug Target 2017; 26:1-8. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1339196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abel Matondo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tian T, Wang Z, Zhang J. Pathomechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Potential Antioxidant Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4535194. [PMID: 28744337 PMCID: PMC5506473 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4535194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease whose incidence has risen worldwide in recent years. Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of IBD. This review highlights the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the involvement of oxidative stress signaling in the initiation and progression of IBD and its relationships with genetic susceptibility and the mucosal immune response. In addition, potential therapeutic strategies for IBD that target oxidative stress signaling are reviewed and discussed. Though substantial progress has been made in understanding the role of oxidative stress in IBD in humans and experimental animals, the underlying mechanisms are still not well defined. Thus, further studies are needed to validate how oxidative stress signaling is involved in and contributes to the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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Alves Júnior AJT, Pereira JA, Pansani AHC, Magro DO, Coy CSR, Martinez CAR. Tissue sulfomucin and sialomucin content in colon mucosa without intestinal transit subjected to intervention with Curcuma longa (curcumin). Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:182-193. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170030000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Calcium-mediated oxidative stress: a common mechanism in tight junction disruption by different types of cellular stress. Biochem J 2017; 474:731-749. [PMID: 28057718 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in osmotic stress, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and cyclic stretch-induced tight junction (TJ) disruption was investigated in Caco-2 cell monolayers in vitro and restraint stress-induced barrier dysfunction in mouse colon in vivo Live cell imaging showed that osmotic stress, cyclic stretch and DSS triggered rapid production of ROS in Caco-2 cell monolayers, which was blocked by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ by 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. Knockdown of CaV1.3 or TRPV6 channels blocked osmotic stress and DSS-induced ROS production and attenuated TJ disruption and barrier dysfunction. N-Acetyl l-cysteine (NAC) and l-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME) blocked stress-induced TJ disruption and barrier dysfunction. NAC and l-NAME also blocked stress-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Src. ROS was colocalized with the mitochondrial marker in stressed cells. Cyclosporin A blocked osmotic stress and DSS-induced ROS production, barrier dysfunction, TJ disruption and JNK activation. Mitochondria-targeted Mito-TEMPO blocked osmotic stress and DSS-induced barrier dysfunction and TJ disruption. Chronic restraint stress in mice resulted in the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, activation of JNK and c-Src, and disruption of TJ in the colonic epithelium. Furthermore, corticosterone administration induced JNK and c-Src activation, TJ disruption and protein thiol oxidation in colonic mucosa. The present study demonstrates that oxidative stress is a common signal in the mechanism of TJ disruption in the intestinal epithelium by different types of cellular stress in vitro and bio behavioral stress in vivo.
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da Costa Gonçalves F, Grings M, Nunes NS, Pinto FO, Garcez TNA, Visioli F, Leipnitz G, Paz AH. Antioxidant properties of mesenchymal stem cells against oxidative stress in a murine model of colitis. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 39:613-622. [PMID: 28032203 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of oxidative stress injury in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). RESULTS Mice exposed to oral administration of 2% DSS over 7 days presented a high disease activity index and an intense colonic inflammation. Systemic infusion of MSC protected from severe colitis, reducing weight loss and diarrhea while lowering the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, toxic colitis injury increased oxidative stress. Administration of DSS decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels in the colon. No alteration was found in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Otherwise, MSC transplantation was able to prevent the decrease of GSH levels and SOD activity suggestive of an antioxidant property of MSC. CONCLUSION The oxidative stress is a pathomechanism underlying the pathophysiology of colitis and MSC play an important role in preventing the impairment of antioxidants defenses in inflamed colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiany da Costa Gonçalves
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Mateus Grings
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Natália Schneider Nunes
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Otesbelgue Pinto
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Tuane Nerissa Alves Garcez
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Paz
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil
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Colonic and Hepatic Modulation by Lipoic Acid and/or N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation in Mild Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4047362. [PMID: 27957238 PMCID: PMC5124475 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4047362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents that have not yet been tested on mild ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aims to evaluate the action of LA and/or NAC, on oxidative stress and inflammation markers in colonic and hepatic rat tissues with mild UC, induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (2% w/v). LA and/or NAC (100 mg·kg·day-1, each) were given, once a day, in the diet, in a pretreatment phase (7 days) and during UC induction (5 days). Colitis induction was confirmed by histological and biochemical analyses (high performance liquid chromatography, spectrophotometry, and Multiplex®). A redox imbalance occurred before an immunological disruption in the colon. NAC led to a decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and myeloperoxidase activity. In the liver, DSS did not cause damage but treatments with both antioxidants were potentially harmful, with LA increasing MDA and LA + NAC increasing H2O2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and transaminases. In summary, NAC exhibited the highest colonic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, while LA + NAC caused hepatic damage.
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66
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The Gut Microbiome of Pediatric Crohn's Disease Patients Differs from Healthy Controls in Genes That Can Influence the Balance Between a Healthy and Dysregulated Immune Response. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:2607-2618. [PMID: 27760077 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is a first-line therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) thought to induce remission through changes in the gut microbiome. With microbiome assessment largely focused on microbial taxonomy and diversity, it remains unclear to what extent EEN induces functional changes that thereby contribute to its therapeutic effect. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 15 pediatric CD patients prior to and after EEN treatment, as well as from 5 healthy controls. Metagenomic data were obtained via next-generation sequencing, and nonhuman reads were mapped to KEGG pathways, where possible. Pathway abundance was compared between CD patients and controls, and between CD patients that sustained remission (SR) and those that did not sustain remission (NSR). RESULTS Of 132 KEGG pathways identified, 8 pathways differed significantly between baseline CD patients and controls. Examination of these eight pathways showed SR patients had greater similarity to controls than NSR patients in all cases. Pathways fell into one of three groups: 1) no prior connection to IBD, 2) previously reported connection to IBD, and 3) known roles in innate immunity and immunoregulation. CONCLUSIONS The microbiota of CD patients and controls represent alternative ecological states that have broad differences in functional capabilities, including xenobiotic and environmental pollutant degradation, succinate metavolism, and bacterial HtpG, all of which can affect barrier integrity and immune regulation. Moreover, our finding that SR patients were more similar to healthy controls suggests that community microbial function, as inferred from fecal microbiomes, could serve as a valuable diagnostic tool.
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67
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Wei W, Feng W, Xin G, Tingting N, Zhanghe Z, Haimin C, Xiaojun Y. Enhanced effect of κ-carrageenan on TNBS-induced inflammation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:218-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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68
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Fatani AJ, Alrojayee FS, Parmar MY, Abuohashish HM, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS. Myrrh attenuates oxidative and inflammatory processes in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:730-738. [PMID: 27446268 PMCID: PMC4950638 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) has been associated with a weakened antioxidant capacity and increased inflammatory processes. Myrrh is traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of myrrh on an experimental rat model of UC. UC was induced in rats using acetic acid (AA) after pre-treatment with myrrh (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg/day) or mesalazine (MES; 300 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. The levels of various inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) in the rat colon tissues were assessed. In addition, the colonic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH), as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were estimated. Furthermore, total protein (TP) contents and the levels of DNA and RNA were measured, and histopathological changes in colonic tissues were analyzed. The results indicated that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, PGE2, NO and TBARS were markedly increased. By contrast, the levels of interleukin-10, NP-SH, TP and nucleic acids, and the enzymatic activities of SOD and CAT were significantly decreased in the AA model group. In addition, pretreatment with myrrh and MES was able to attenuate the impaired oxidative stress response and upregulation of inflammatory biomarkers. Furthermore, the enzymatic activities of SOD and CAT were near to normal in the myrrh and MES pretreated groups. The ability of myrrh to protect against UC was further confirmed by histopathological analysis, and the high dose of myrrh exerted an effect comparable to MES. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that myrrh has potent therapeutic value in the amelioration of experimental colitis in laboratory animals by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory mediators and improving endogenous antioxidative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Jamil Fatani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Salih Alrojayee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Al Maareefa Colleges, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mihir Yogeshkumar Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Mustafa Abuohashish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mahboobuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Salih Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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69
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Zhou Y, Zhou L, Ruan Z, Mi S, Jiang M, Li X, Wu X, Deng Z, Yin Y. Chlorogenic acid ameliorates intestinal mitochondrial injury by increasing antioxidant effects and activity of respiratory complexes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:962-71. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1127130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are thought to be beneficial for human health by acting as antioxidants. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is abundant in plant-based foods as an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid. In this study, we investigated the effects of CGA on mitochondrial protection. Our results demonstrated that pretreatment with CGA ameliorated the intestinal mitochondrial injury induced by H2O2; membrane potential was increased, mitochondrial swelling, levels of reactive oxygen species, contents of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and cytochrome c released were decreased. The beneficial effects of CGA were accompanied by an increase in antioxidant and respiratory-chain complex I, IV, and V activities. In trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid-induced colitic rats indicated that CGA supplementation improved mitochondria ultrastructure and decreased mitochondrial injury. Our results suggest a promising role for CGA as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant in combating intestinal oxidative injury. Daily intake of diets containing CGA, such as coffee and honeysuckle, may be useful for prevention of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shumei Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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70
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Ademosun AO, Oboh G, Passamonti S, Tramer F, Ziberna L, Boligon AA, Athayde ML. Phenolic composition of orange peels and modulation of redox status and matrix metalloproteinase activities in primary (Caco-2) and metastatic (LoVo and LoVo/ADR) colon cancer cells. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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71
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Fatani AJ, Al-Hosaini KA, Ahmed MM, Abuohashish HM, Parmar MY, Al-Rejaie SS. Carvedilol attenuates inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. Drug Dev Res 2016; 76:204-14. [PMID: 26109469 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research This study evaluated the effects of the carvedilol, a nonselective β-adrenoceptor anatgonist with α1-adrenoceptor antagonist activity, in a rat model of experimentally induced ulcerative colitis (UC). UC was produced using acetic acid (AA) in animals previously treated with carvedilol (30 mg/kg po, qd) for seven days. Mucus content, lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, sulfhydryl groups, antioxidant enzyme activities, proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide levels were measured in colonic tissues and histopathological changes were assessed. LPO and proinflammatory biomarkers were markedly increased, while mucus content, sulfhydryl groups and enzymatic activities were inhibited in animals administered AA. Pretreatment with carvedilol attenuated LPO elevation, mucus content and sulfhydryl group inhibitions. Antioxidant enzymatic activity and proinflammatory biomarker levels were also restored in carvedilol-pretreated animals. Colonic protection associated with carvedilol pretreatment was further confirmed by histopathological assessment and found to be similar to the standard therapy of mesalazine (100 mg/kg po qd), suggesting that the effects of carvedilol action may be attributable to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal J Fatani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A Al-Hosaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem M Abuohashish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mihir Y Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11544, Saudi Arabia
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Yildirim H, Sunay FB, Sinan S, Köçkar F. In vivo effects of curcumin on the paraoxonase, carbonic anhydrase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase enzyme activities in dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis mice. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1583-90. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1158173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey and
| | - Fatma Bahar Sunay
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Medical Faculty, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Selma Sinan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey and
| | - Feray Köçkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey and
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Feng L, Li SQ, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Jiang J, Wu P, Zhao J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ. Deficiency of dietary niacin impaired intestinal mucosal immune function via regulating intestinal NF-κB, Nrf2 and MLCK signaling pathways in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:177-193. [PMID: 26693667 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary niacin on intestinal mucosal immune and physical barrier, and relative mRNA levels of signaling molecules in the intestine of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 young grass carp (255.63 ± 0.41 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of niacin (3.95, 14.92, 24.98, 35.03, 44.97 and 55.01 mg/kg diet) for 8 weeks. Results observed that niacin deficiency decreased lysozyme (LA) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, and complement 3 (C3) content in the intestine (P < 0.05), down-regulated mRNA levels of liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2), hepcidin, interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β1 and inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) (P < 0.05), up-regulated tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interferon γ2, interleukin 8, nuclear factor kappa B P65 (NF-κB P65), IκB kinase α (IKKα), IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and IκB kinase γ (IKKγ) in all intestinal segments of young grass carp (P < 0.05). In addition, niacin deficiency increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) contents, decreased glutathione content, and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the intestine of young grass carp (P < 0.05). Additionally, niacin deficiency decreased mRNA levels of CuZnSOD, MnSOD, GPx, CAT, GST, GR, Claudin b, Claudin 3, Claudin c, Occludin, ZO-1, Claudin 15 and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (P < 0.05), and increased Claudin 12, Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1a (Keap1a), myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) mRNA expression levels in the intestine of young grass carp (P < 0.05), while the mRNA level of Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1b (Keap1b) did not change (P > 0.05). In conclusion, niacin deficiency decreased intestinal mucosal immune and intestinal physical function, as well as regulated mRNA levels of NF-κB P65, IκBα, IKKα, IKKβ, IKKγ, Nrf2, Keap1a, p38 MAPK and MLCK in the intestine of young grass carp. Based on the broken-line model analysis of intestinal lysozyme activity, the requirement of niacin for young grass carp (255.63 ± 0.41 g) were estimated to be 39.80 mg/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun-Quan Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Varzari A, Deyneko IV, Tudor E, Turcan S. Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genes in Moldavian patients with ulcerative colitis: Genotype-phenotype correlation. Meta Gene 2015; 7:76-82. [PMID: 26862484 PMCID: PMC4707243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are important enzymes for protection against oxidative stress. In addition, MTHFR has an essential role in DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation. Their polymorphisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of selected polymorphisms in these genes in the development of UC in the Moldavian population. Methods In a case-control study including 128 UC patients and 136 healthy individuals, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes (polymorphic deletions) were determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The GSTP1 rs1695 (Ile105Val), MTHFR rs1801133 (C677T), and MTHFR rs1801131 (A1298C) polymorphisms were studied with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Genotype–phenotype correlations were examined using logistic regression analysis. Results None of the genotypes, either alone or in combination, showed a strong association with UC. The case-only sub-phenotypic association analysis showed an association of the MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism with the extent of UC under co-dominant (p corrected = 0.040) and recessive (p corrected = 0.020; OR = 0.15; CI = 0.04–0.63) genetic models. Also, an association between the MTHFR rs1801131 polymorphism and the severity of UC was reported for the over-dominant model (p corrected = 0.023; coefficient = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.10–0.54). Conclusion The GST and MTHFR genotypes do not seem to be a relevant risk factor for UC in our sample. There was, however, evidence that variants in MTHFR may influence the clinical features in UC patients. Additional larger studies investigating the relationship between GST and MTHFR polymorphisms and UC are required.
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Key Words
- GST, Glutathione S-transferase
- Genetic polymorphism
- Glutathione S-transferases
- HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
- IBD, Inflammatory bowel disease
- MTHFR, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- Moldavian population
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- RFLP, Restriction fragment length polymorphism
- SAM, S-adenosyl methionine
- SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism
- Susceptibility
- UC, Ulcerative colitis
- Ulcerative colitis
- n, Total number
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Varzari
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Institute of Phthisiopneumology, Kishinev, Republic of Moldova
| | - Igor V Deyneko
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elena Tudor
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Institute of Phthisiopneumology, Kishinev, Republic of Moldova
| | - Svetlana Turcan
- Department of Gastroenterology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Kishinev, Republic of Moldova
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Ibrahim RY, Hassan AI, Al-Adham EK. The anti-ulcerative colitis effects of Annona squamosa Linn. leaf aqueous extract in experimental animal model. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:21861-70. [PMID: 26885156 PMCID: PMC4724002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Annona squamosa (A. squamosa) leaf aqueous extract against acetic acid induced colitis in rats with a trial to explore its use for the treatment of colon inflammation. Sprague Dawley rats weighing 180-200 g were used in this study. Treatment with A. squamosa extract at dose 300 mg/kg for 4 weeks counteracted acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis by a significant decrease (P<0.05) of colonic tissue of malondialdehyde (MDA) and significant increases of catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) compared to ulcerative colitis control group. Furthermore, induction of oxidative stress was observed in the colonic tissue through the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) which significant increase in colonic tissue DNA by acetic acid. Moreover AA induced significant increase in serum interleukin-10 (IL10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor (TGF 1β), and C reactive protein (CRP) as compared to the control group. On the contrary, our results showed AA induced significant decrease of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thyroid hormones triiodothyronin and thyroxin (T3 & T4) in installed group with AA as compared to control which significantly improved after treatment with A. squamosa leaf extract. Histopathological observation in our study confirmed the biochemical study. Thus, therapeutic method offer a sign to analyze further the effectiveness of A. squamosa as a unique agent for alleviating colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Ym Ibrahim
- Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority Egypt
| | - Amal I Hassan
- Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority Egypt
| | - Eithar K Al-Adham
- Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority Egypt
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76
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Antioxidant therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Does it work? Redox Biol 2015; 6:617-639. [PMID: 26520808 PMCID: PMC4637335 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is considered as one of the etiologic factors involved in several signals and symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that include diarrhea, toxic megacolon and abdominal pain. This systematic review discusses approaches, challenges and perspectives into the use of nontraditional antioxidant therapy on IBD, including natural and synthetic compounds in both human and animal models. One hundred and thirty four papers were identified, of which only four were evaluated in humans. Some of the challenges identified in this review can shed light on this fact: lack of standardization of OS biomarkers, absence of safety data and clinical trials for the chemicals and biological molecules, as well as the fact that most of the compounds were not repeatedly tested in several situations, including acute and chronic colitis. This review hopes to stimulate researchers to become more involved in this fruitful area, to warrant investigation of novel, alternative and efficacious antioxidant-based therapies. Major biomarkers used for evaluation of antioxidant therapy were MPO, TBARS/MDA and glutathione levels. Challenges were identified for the yet poor use of antioxidant therapy in IBD. This review stimulates the investigation of alternative and efficacious antioxidant therapies.
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Protective Effect of Calculus Bovis Sativus on Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:469506. [PMID: 26579201 PMCID: PMC4633553 DOI: 10.1155/2015/469506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which has been reported to exhibit antispasmodic, fever-reducing, anti-inflammatory, and gallbladder-repairing effects. The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of CBS on dextran sulphate sodium- (DSS-) induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 5% DSS in drinking water. CBS was given orally at 50 and 150 mg/kg once per day for 7 days. Body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured. Administration of CBS significantly reserved these changes, decreased the MPO activity and MDA and NO level, and increased the SOD activity in the colon tissue. Histological observation suggested that CBS alleviated edema, mucosal damage, and inflammatory cells infiltration induced by DSS in the colon. Moreover, CBS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 1β and IL-6 in the colon tissue. Our data suggested that CBS exerted protective effect on DSS-induced UC partially through the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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78
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Abstract
This review will focus on published human studies on oxidative stress and DNA damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, assessing their role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Search was performed over PubMed and ScienceDirect databases to identify relevant bibliography, using keywords including "oxidative stress," "DNA damage," "IBD," and "oxidative DNA damage." Whether as cause or effect, mechanisms underlying oxidative stress have the potential to condition the course of various pathologies, particularly those driven by inflammatory scenarios. IBDs are chronic inflammatory relapsing conditions. Oxidative stress has been associated with some of the characteristic clinical features exhibited in IBD, namely tissue injury and fibrosis, and also to the ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer. The possible influence of oxidative stress over therapeutic behavior and response, as well as their contribution to the oxidative burden and consequences, is also addressed. Due to the high prevalence and incidence of IBD worldwide, and also to its associated morbidity, complications, and disease and treatment costs, it is of paramount importance to better understand the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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79
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Novak EA, Mollen KP. Mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:62. [PMID: 26484345 PMCID: PMC4589667 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) represents a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by chronic or recurring inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. While the exact etiology of disease is unknown, IBD is recognized to be a complex, multifactorial disease that results from an intricate interplay of genetic predisposition, an altered immune response, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and environmental factors. Together, these contribute to a destruction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, increased gut permeability, and an influx of immune cells. Given that most cellular functions as well as maintenance of the epithelial barrier is energy-dependent, it is logical to assume that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in both the onset and recurrence of disease. Indeed several studies have demonstrated evidence of mitochondrial stress and alterations in mitochondrial function within the intestinal epithelium of patients with IBD and mice undergoing experimental colitis. Although the hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction, including oxidative stress and impaired ATP production are known to be evident in the intestines of patients with IBD, it is as yet unclear whether these processes occur as a cause of consequence of disease. We provide a current review of mitochondrial function in the setting of intestinal inflammation during IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Novak
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kevin P Mollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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El-Gowelli HM, Saad EI, Abdel-Galil AGA, Ibrahim ER. Co-administration of α-lipoic acid and cyclosporine aggravates colon ulceration of acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis via facilitation of NO/COX-2/miR-210 cascade. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 288:300-12. [PMID: 26276312 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, α-lipoic acid and cyclosporine demonstrated significant protection against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. We proposed that α-lipoic acid and cyclosporine co-administration might modulate their individual effects. Induction of ulcerative colitis in rats was performed by intra-rectal acetic acid (5% v/v) administration for 3 consecutive days. Effects of individual or combined used of α-lipoic acid (35 mg/kg ip) or cyclosporine (5mg/kg sc) for 6 days starting 2 days prior to acetic acid were assessed. Acetic acid caused colon ulceration, bloody diarrhea and weight loss. Histologically, there was mucosal atrophy and inflammatory cells infiltration in submucosa, associated with depletion of colon reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and elevated colon malondialdehyde, serum C-reactive protein (C-RP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Colon gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and miR-210 was also elevated. These devastating effects of acetic acid were abolished upon concurrent administration of α-lipoic acid. Alternatively, cyclosporine caused partial protection against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. Cyclosporine did not restore colon reduced glutathione, catalase activity, serum C-RP or TNF-α. Unexpectedly, co-administration of α-lipoic acid and cyclosporine aggravated colon ulceration. Concomitant use of α-lipoic acid and cyclosporine significantly increased nitric oxide production, cyclooxygenase-2 and miR-210 gene expression compared to all other studied groups. The current findings suggest that facilitation of nitric oxide/cyclooxygenase-2/miR-210 cascade constitutes, at least partially, the cellular mechanism by which concurrent use of α-lipoic acid and cyclosporine aggravates colon damage. Collectively, the present work highlights the probable risk of using α-lipoic acid/cyclosporine combination in ulcerative colitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M El-Gowelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Evan I Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | - Einas R Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Pandurangan AK, Mohebali N, Norhaizan ME, Looi CY. Gallic acid attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in BALB/c mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3923-34. [PMID: 26251571 PMCID: PMC4524530 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a polyhydroxy phenolic compound that has been detected in various natural products, such as green tea, strawberries, grapes, bananas, and many other fruits. In inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation is promoted by oxidative stress. GA is a strong antioxidant; thus, we evaluated the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory role of GA in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis model. Experimental acute colitis was induced in male BALB/c mice by administering 2.5% DSS in the drinking water for 7 days. The disease activity index; colon weight/length ratio; histopathological analysis; mRNA expressions of IL-21 and IL-23; and protein expression of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were compared between the control and experimental mice. The colonic content of malondialdehyde and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity were examined as parameters of the redox state. We determined that GA significantly attenuated the disease activity index and colon shortening, and reduced the histopathological evidence of injury. GA also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the expressions of IL-21 and IL-23. Furthermore, GA activates/upregulates the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream targets, including UDP-GT and NQO1, in DSS-induced mice. The findings of this study demonstrate the protective effect of GA on experimental colitis, which is probably due to an antioxidant nature of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nooshin Mohebali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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82
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Yeom Y, Kim Y. The Sasa quelpaertensis Leaf Extract Inhibits the Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Mouse Colitis Through Modulation of Antioxidant Enzyme Expression. J Cancer Prev 2015; 20:136-46. [PMID: 26151047 PMCID: PMC4492358 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2015.20.2.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. The objective of this study is to investigate the protective effect of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) against oxidative stress in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods: Mice were treated with SQE (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage in advance two weeks before inflammation was induced. Then, the mice were administered with 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days and normal drinking water for 7 days between two DSS treatment. Disease activity index values, gut motility, and severity of the resulting oxidative DNA damage were analyzed. The antioxidant effect of SQE was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in plasma samples. Catalase activity and expressions levels of glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1), SOD1, and SOD2 were also detected in colon tissues. Results: Administration of SQE significantly reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis compared to the control (Ctrl) group. Levels of 8-oxo-dG, an oxidative DNA damage marker, were significantly lower in the SQE group compared to the untreated DSS Ctrl group. In the SQE (300 mg/kg) group, MDA levels were significantly lower, while SOD and catalase activity levels in the plasma samples were significantly higher compared with the DSS Ctrl group. The expression levels of the antioxidant enzymes, SOD2 and Gpx1, were significantly higher, while the levels of SOD 1 expression were lower, in the colon tissues of the DSS Ctrl group compared with those of the Ctrl group. In contrast, administration of SQE significantly down-regulated SOD2 and Gpx1 expressions and up-regulated SOD1 expression. Conclusions: These results indicate that SQE efficiently suppresses oxidative stress in DSS-induced colitis in mice, and its action is associated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiseul Yeom
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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83
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Mathew MM, Han NV, Murugesan A, Raj EA, Prasanth KG. Evaluation of the protective effect of Pterocarpus marsupium on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2015; 23:195-201. [PMID: 25991550 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Pterocarpus marsupium (PM) on acetic acid (AA)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. The rats were divided into five groups, each having six rats. PM extract 100 mg and 200 mg/kg was given orally to groups four and five, respectively, and standard drug sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg, p.o) to group three. Group two served as UC control animals, and group one control animals received vehicle for 7 days. UC was induced by administering AA (3 % v/v of 2 ml) to all the animals except group one. After 72 h, the animals were killed and the colon was dissected out for microscopic, clinical evaluation, histopathological study and biochemical estimation. PM (100 and 200 mg/kg)-treated group had significantly reduced colon inflammation and mucosal damage. The treatment also normalized the altered antioxidant enzyme levels (LPO, SOD and GSH). Histopathological studies support the effect. The protective effect of PM may be due to antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin Maria Mathew
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, PO BOX NO 1674, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamilnadu, India
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84
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Catanzaro D, Rancan S, Orso G, Dall’Acqua S, Brun P, Giron MC, Carrara M, Castagliuolo I, Ragazzi E, Caparrotta L, Montopoli M. Boswellia serrata Preserves Intestinal Epithelial Barrier from Oxidative and Inflammatory Damage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125375. [PMID: 25955295 PMCID: PMC4425476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are currently the therapeutic choices in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), however, with limited remission and often serious side effects. Meanwhile complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is increasing, particularly herbal medicine. Boswellia serrata is a traditional Ayurvedic remedy with anti-inflammatory properties, of interest for its usefulness in IBDs. The mechanism of this pharmacological potential of Boswellia serrata was investigated in colonic epithelial cell monolayers exposed to H2O2 or INF-γ+TNF-α, chosen as in vitro experimental model of intestinal inflammation. The barrier function was evaluated by the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and paracellular permeability assay, and by the tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, ZO-1 and occludin) immunofluorescence. The expression of phosphorylated NF-κB and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined by immunoblot and cytofluorimetric assay, respectively. Boswellia serrata oleo-gum extract (BSE) and its pure derivative acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), were tested at 0.1-10 μg/ml and 0.027μg/ml, respectively. BSE and AKBA safety was demonstrated by no alteration of intestinal cell viability and barrier function and integrity biomarkers. H2O2 or INF-γ+TNF-α treatment of Caco-2 cell monolayers significantly reduced TEER, increased paracellular permeability and caused the disassembly of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1. BSE and AKBA pretreatment significantly prevented functional and morphological alterations and also the NF-κB phosphorylation induced by the inflammatory stimuli. At the same concentrations BSE and AKBA counteracted the increase of ROS caused by H2O2 exposure. Data showed the positive correlation of the antioxidant activity with the mechanism involved in the physiologic maintenance of the integrity and function of the intestinal epithelium. This study elucidates the pharmacological mechanisms mediated by BSE, in protecting intestinal epithelial barrier from inflammatory damage and supports its use as safe adjuvant in patients affected by IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Catanzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Serena Rancan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ignazio Castagliuolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Caparrotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (LC); (MM)
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (LC); (MM)
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85
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Catanzaro D, Rancan S, Orso G, Dall'Acqua S, Brun P, Giron MC, Carrara M, Castagliuolo I, Ragazzi E, Caparrotta L, Montopoli M. Boswellia serrata Preserves Intestinal Epithelial Barrier from Oxidative and Inflammatory Damage. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 23209806 DOI: 10.1371/journal] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are currently the therapeutic choices in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), however, with limited remission and often serious side effects. Meanwhile complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is increasing, particularly herbal medicine. Boswellia serrata is a traditional Ayurvedic remedy with anti-inflammatory properties, of interest for its usefulness in IBDs. The mechanism of this pharmacological potential of Boswellia serrata was investigated in colonic epithelial cell monolayers exposed to H2O2 or INF-γ+TNF-α, chosen as in vitro experimental model of intestinal inflammation. The barrier function was evaluated by the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and paracellular permeability assay, and by the tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, ZO-1 and occludin) immunofluorescence. The expression of phosphorylated NF-κB and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined by immunoblot and cytofluorimetric assay, respectively. Boswellia serrata oleo-gum extract (BSE) and its pure derivative acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), were tested at 0.1-10 μg/ml and 0.027 μg/ml, respectively. BSE and AKBA safety was demonstrated by no alteration of intestinal cell viability and barrier function and integrity biomarkers. H2O2 or INF-γ+TNF-α treatment of Caco-2 cell monolayers significantly reduced TEER, increased paracellular permeability and caused the disassembly of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1. BSE and AKBA pretreatment significantly prevented functional and morphological alterations and also the NF-κB phosphorylation induced by the inflammatory stimuli. At the same concentrations BSE and AKBA counteracted the increase of ROS caused by H2O2 exposure. Data showed the positive correlation of the antioxidant activity with the mechanism involved in the physiologic maintenance of the integrity and function of the intestinal epithelium. This study elucidates the pharmacological mechanisms mediated by BSE, in protecting intestinal epithelial barrier from inflammatory damage and supports its use as safe adjuvant in patients affected by IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Catanzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Serena Rancan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ignazio Castagliuolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Caparrotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padova, Italy
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86
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Claudin-3 and occludin tissue content in the glands of colonic mucosa with and without a fecal stream. J Mol Histol 2015; 46:183-94. [PMID: 25649016 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of the proteins of the apical tight junctions (TJs) depends on a continuous supply of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colonic epithelium. No studies have evaluated the tissue contents of the TJs proteins in colon segments devoid of a fecal stream. To evaluate the contents of claudin-3 and occludin in the glands of colonic mucosa devoid of a fecal stream. Forty-five rats underwent a diversion of the fecal stream via a left side colostomy and distal mucous fistula. Three groups of 15 animals each were sacrificed at 6, 12 or 18 weeks after surgery. The presence and severity of colitis were defined by histology and inflammation grading scales, respectively. The expression of claudin-3 and occludin were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and their contents were evaluated by computer-assisted image analysis. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate the results at a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). The colonic epithelium without a fecal stream had a higher degree of inflammation. Colonic glands without a fecal stream showed a reduction in claudin-3 content independent of the time and reduction in occludin content after 12 weeks of intestinal exclusion. The content of claudin-3 and occludin were mainly reduced at the apical surfaces of the colon glands, whereas segments retaining the fecal stream were maintained. The content of claudin-3 was not reduced with time, although the levels of occludin were reduced after 6 weeks and did not vary thereafter. Deficiencies in SCFAs decreased the content of claudin-3 and occludin in colonic glands with the areas of worst inflammation, confirming the importance of an adequate supply of SCFAs in maintaining the integrity of TJ proteins.
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87
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Breganó JW, Barbosa DS, El Kadri MZ, Rodrigues MA, Cecchini R, Dichi I. Comparison of selective and non selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors in experimental colitis exacerbation: role of leukotriene B4 and superoxide dismutase. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2015; 51:226-34. [PMID: 25296084 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032014000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are considered one of the most important causes of reactivation of inflammatory bowel disease. With regard to selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors, the results are controversial in experimental colitis as well as in human studies. OBJECTIVES The aim this study is to compare nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs effects, selective and non selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors, in experimental colitis and contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs provoke colitis exacerbation. METHODS Six groups of rats: without colitis, with colitis, and colitis treated with celecoxib, ketoprofen, indometacin or diclofenac. Survival rates, hemoglobin, plasmatic albumin, colonic tissue of interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, prostaglandin E2, catalase, superoxide dismutase, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, chemiluminescence induced by tert-butil hydroperoxides, and tissue and plasmatic leukotriene B4 were determined. RESULTS The groups treated with diclofenac or indometacin presented lower survival rates, hemoglobin and albumin, higher tissue and plasmatic leukotriene B4 and tissue superoxide dismutase than the group treated with celecoxib. Ketoprofen presented an intermediary behavior between diclofenac/indometacin and celecoxib, concerning to survival rate and albumin. The groups without colitis, with colitis and with colitis treated with celecoxib showed leukotriene B4 and superoxide dismutase lower levels than the groups treated with nonselective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Diclofenac and indometacin presented the highest degree of induced colitis exacerbation with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, celecoxib did not show colitis exacerbation, and ketoprofen presented an intermediary behavior between diclofenac/indometacin and celecoxib. These results suggest that leukotriene B4 and superoxide dismutase can be involved in the exacerbation of experimental colitis by nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Wander Breganó
- Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Aparecida Rodrigues
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia de Radicais Livres, Universidade de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Isaias Dichi
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
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88
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Verstraeten SV, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. Interactions of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins with membranes: mechanisms and the physiological relevance. Food Funct 2014; 6:32-41. [PMID: 25418533 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00647j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a type of phenolic compound widely present in edible plants. A great number of health benefits have been ascribed to flavonoid consumption in the human population. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in such effects remain to be identified. The flavan-3-ols (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin, and their related oligomers (procyanidins) have been thoroughly studied because of their capacity to interact with cell membranes. Starting with these interactions, procyanidins could modulate multiple biochemical processes, such as enzyme activities, receptor-ligand binding, membrane-initiated cell signaling, and molecule transport across membranes. This review focuses on molecular aspects of procyanidin interactions with membrane lipid components, and the resulting protection of the membranes against mechanical and/or oxidative damage, resulting in the maintenance of cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra V Verstraeten
- Department of Biological Chemistry and IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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89
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Shafiei M, Dunn KA, Chipman H, Gu H, Bielawski JP. BiomeNet: a Bayesian model for inference of metabolic divergence among microbial communities. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003918. [PMID: 25412107 PMCID: PMC4238953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics yields enormous numbers of microbial sequences that can be assigned a metabolic function. Using such data to infer community-level metabolic divergence is hindered by the lack of a suitable statistical framework. Here, we describe a novel hierarchical Bayesian model, called BiomeNet (Bayesian inference of metabolic networks), for inferring differential prevalence of metabolic subnetworks among microbial communities. To infer the structure of community-level metabolic interactions, BiomeNet applies a mixed-membership modelling framework to enzyme abundance information. The basic idea is that the mixture components of the model (metabolic reactions, subnetworks, and networks) are shared across all groups (microbiome samples), but the mixture proportions vary from group to group. Through this framework, the model can capture nested structures within the data. BiomeNet is unique in modeling each metagenome sample as a mixture of complex metabolic systems (metabosystems). The metabosystems are composed of mixtures of tightly connected metabolic subnetworks. BiomeNet differs from other unsupervised methods by allowing researchers to discriminate groups of samples through the metabolic patterns it discovers in the data, and by providing a framework for interpreting them. We describe a collapsed Gibbs sampler for inference of the mixture weights under BiomeNet, and we use simulation to validate the inference algorithm. Application of BiomeNet to human gut metagenomes revealed a metabosystem with greater prevalence among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Based on the discriminatory subnetworks for this metabosystem, we inferred that the community is likely to be closely associated with the human gut epithelium, resistant to dietary interventions, and interfere with human uptake of an antioxidant connected to IBD. Because this metabosystem has a greater capacity to exploit host-associated glycans, we speculate that IBD-associated communities might arise from opportunist growth of bacteria that can circumvent the host's nutrient-based mechanism for bacterial partner selection. Metagenomic studies of microbial communities yield enormous numbers of gene sequences that have a known enzymatic function, and thus have potential to contribute to community-level metabolic activities. Ecologically divergent microbial communities are presumed to differ in metabolic repertoire and function, but detecting such differences is challenging because the required analytical methodology is complex. Here, we present a novel Bayesian model suitable for this task. Our model, BiomeNet, does not assume that microbiome samples of a certain type are the same; rather, a sample is modeled as a unique mixture of complex metabolic systems referred to as “metabosystems”. The metabosystems are composed of mixtures of subnetworks, where subnetworks are mixtures of reactions related by function. Application of BiomeNet to human gut metagenomes revealed a metabosystem with greater prevalence among IBD patients. We inferred that this metabosystem is likely to be closely associated with the human gut epithelium, resistant to dietary interventions, and interfere with human uptake of an important antioxidant, possibly contributing to gut inflammation associated with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Shafiei
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Katherine A. Dunn
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hugh Chipman
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hong Gu
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Joseph P. Bielawski
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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90
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Luo JB, Feng L, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Wu P, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ. The impaired intestinal mucosal immune system by valine deficiency for young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is associated with decreasing immune status and regulating tight junction proteins transcript abundance in the intestine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:197-207. [PMID: 25014314 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary valine on the growth, intestinal immune response, tight junction proteins transcript abundance and gene expression of immune-related signaling molecules in the intestine of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six iso-nitrogenous diets containing graded levels of valine (4.3-19.1 g kg(-)(1) diet) were fed to the fish for 8 weeks. The results showed that percentage weight gain (PWG), feed intake and feed efficiency of fish were the lowest in fish fed the valine-deficient diet (P < 0.05). In addition, valine deficiency decreased lysozyme, acid phosphatase activities and complement 3 content in the intestine (P < 0.05), down-regulated mRNA levels of interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β1, IκBα and target of rapamycin (TOR) (P < 0.05), and up-regulated tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 8 and nuclear factor κB P65 (NF-κB P65) gene expression (P < 0.05). Additionally, valine deficiency significantly decreased transcript of Occludin, Claudin b, Claudin c, Claudin 3, and ZO-1 (P < 0.05), and improved Claudin 15 expression in the fish intestine (P < 0.05). However, valine did not have a significant effect on expression of Claudin 12 in the intestine of grass carp (P > 0.05). In conclusion, valine deficiency decreased fish growth and intestinal immune status, as well as regulated gene expression of tight junction proteins, NF-κB P65, IκBα and TOR in the fish intestine. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of lysozyme activity or PWG, the dietary valine requirement of young grass carp (268-679 g) were established to be 14.47 g kg(-1) diet (4.82 g 100 g(-1) CP) or 14.00 g kg(-1) diet (4.77 g 100 g(-1) CP), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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91
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Praengam K, Muangnoi C, Dawilai S, Awatchanawong M, Tuntipopipat S. DigestedMoringa oleiferaBoiled Pod Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Caco-2 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2014.932880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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92
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional techniques analyzing mouse colitis are invasive, laborious, or indirect. Development of in vivo imaging techniques for specific colitis processes would be useful for monitoring disease progression and/or treatment effectiveness. The aim was to evaluate the applicability of the chemiluminescent probe L-012, which detects reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, for in vivo colitis imaging. METHODS Two genetic colitis mouse models were used; K8 knockout (K8(-/-)) mice, which develop early colitis and the nonobese diabetic mice, which develop a transient subclinical colitis. Dextran sulphate sodium was used as a chemical colitis model. Mice were anesthetized, injected intraperitoneally with L-012, imaged, and quantified for chemiluminescent signal in the abdominal region using an IVIS camera system. RESULTS K8(-/-) and nonobese diabetic mice showed increased L-012-mediated chemiluminescence from the abdominal region compared with control mice. L-012 signals correlated with the colitis phenotype assessed by histology and myeloperoxidase staining. Although L-012 chemiluminescence enabled detection of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis at an earlier time point compared with traditional methods, large mouse-to-mouse variations were noted. In situ and ex vivo L-012 imaging as well as [18F]FDG-PET imaging of K8(-/-) mice confirmed that the in vivo signals originated from the distal colon. L-012 in vivo imaging showed a wide variation in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in young mice, irrespective of K8 genotype. In aging mice L-012 signals were consistently higher in K8(-/-) as compared to K8(+/+) mice. CONCLUSIONS In vivo imaging using L-012 is a useful, simple, and cost-effective tool to study the level and longitudinal progression of genetic and possibly chemical murine colitis.
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93
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Wagner AE, Will O, Sturm C, Lipinski S, Rosenstiel P, Rimbach G. DSS-induced acute colitis in C57BL/6 mice is mitigated by sulforaphane pre-treatment. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 24:2085-91. [PMID: 24231100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Brassica-derived isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) is known to induce factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor centrally involved in chemoprevention. Furthermore, SFN exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. However, little is known regarding the anti-inflammatory properties of SFN in severe inflammatory phenotypes. In the present study, we tested if pre-treatment with SFN protects mice from dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. C57BL/6 mice received either phosphate-buffered saline (control) or 25 mg/kg body weight (BW) SFN per os for 7 days. Subsequently, acute colitis was induced by administering 4% DSS via drinking water for 5 days and BWs, stool consistency and faecal blood loss were recorded. Following endoscopic colonoscopy, mice were sacrificed, the organs excised and spleen weights and colon lengths measured. For histopathological analysis, distal colon samples were fixed in 4% para-formaldehyde, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin/eosin. Inflammatory biomarkers were also measured in distal colon. Treatment with SFN prior to colitis induction significantly minimised both BW loss and the disease activity index compared to control mice. Furthermore, colon lengths in SFN pre-treated mice were significantly longer than in control mice. Both macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the colon revealed attenuated inflammation in SFN pre-treated animals. mRNA analysis of distal colon samples confirmed reduced expression of inflammatory markers and increased expression of Nrf2-dependent genes in SFN pre-treated mice. Our results indicate that pre-treating mice with SFN confers protection from DSS-induced colitis. These protective effects were corroborated macroscopically, microscopically and at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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94
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Rana S, Sharma S, Prasad K, Sinha S, Singh K. Role of oxidative stress & antioxidant defence in ulcerative colitis patients from north India. Indian J Med Res 2014; 139:568-71. [PMID: 24927343 PMCID: PMC4078495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress contributes to severity of ulcerative colitis (UC) but the status of erythrocyte antioxidant defence remains unknown. The present study was aimed to study the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant levels in erythrocytes of UC patients from north India. METHODS A total of 81 adult UC patients and 85 age and sex matched apparently healthy controls were included in this study. Levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in erythrocytes. RESULTS Mean age of UC patients was 43.5 yr (range 18-64 yr) while in the control group this was 45.3 yr (range 20-64 yr). LPO, catalase and SOD levels in UC patients were significantly increased (P< 0.05) compared to healthy controls, while GSH levels in UC patients were significantly decreased (P< 0.05) compared to healthy controls Ulcerative colitis activity score (UCAI) was 157.4±27.6 in UC patients. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of LPO, SOD, catalase and a decreased level of GSH represent that oxidative stress plays a significant role in pathophysiology of UC. Further, the levels of LPO, GSH, catalase and SOD remained same during different UCAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.V. Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India,Reprint requests: Prof. (Mrs.) S.V. Rana, House Number 137, Sector-15A, Chandigarh 160 015, India e-mail:
| | - S. Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K.K. Prasad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S.K. Sinha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K. Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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95
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Hartmann RM, Fillmann HS, Martins MIM, Meurer L, Marroni NP. Boswellia serrata has beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in a model of experimental colitis. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1392-8. [PMID: 24619538 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease that involves only the colon and rectum, being characterized by leukocyte infiltrate and superficial ulcers in the intestinal mucosa. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of extract from the Boswellia serrata plant in an experimental rat model of acute ulcerative colitis induced by the administration of acetic acid (AA). An extract of B. serrata (34.2 mg/kg/day) was administered by oral gavage for 2 days before and after the induction of colitis with 4 mL of 4% AA. The anal sphincter pressure in the colitis group showed a significant decrease compared to that of the control groups (p < 0.001). The analysis of the values of lipid peroxidation (LPO) obtained by substances that react with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) showed a significantly increased LPO in the colitis group compared to the control groups (p < 0.001). The nitric oxide levels and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) showed a significant increase in the colitis group compared to control groups (p < 0.01). Both pretreatment and treatment with B. serrata exhibited significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and iNOS and showed improvements in tissue injury and anal sphincter pressure in animals with ulcerative colitis. The B. serrata extract has protective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that inhibit inflammatory mediators in acute experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Minuzzo Hartmann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Brasil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre-HCPA, Laboratório de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia Experimental, Brasil
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96
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Yang Y, Cai X, Yang J, Sun X, Hu C, Yan Z, Xu X, Lu W, Wang X, Cao P. Chemoprevention of dietary digitoflavone on colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis through inducing Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibition of inflammation. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:48. [PMID: 24602443 PMCID: PMC3973863 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has emerged as a novel target for the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Many chemopreventive compounds associated with Nrf2 activation are effective in preclinical systems and many on-going clinical trials are showing promising findings. In present study we evaluated the cytoprotective effect and chemopreventive properties of dietary digitoflavone. Method A cell based Antioxidant Response Element (ARE)-driven luciferase reporter system was applied to screen potential Nrf2 activators. Activation of Nrf2 by digitoflavone was confirmed through mRNA, protein and GSH level assay in Caco-2 cell line. The cytoprotective effect of digitoflavone was evaluated in H2O2-induced oxidative stress model and further signaling pathways analysis was used to determine the target of digitoflavone induced Nrf2 activation. An AOM-DSS induced colorectal cancer model was used to assess the chemopreventive effect of digitoflavone. Result Micromolarity (10 μM) level of digitoflavone increased Nrf2 expressing, nuclear translocation and expression of downstream phase II antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, digitoflavone decreased H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cell death via p38 MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathway. In vivo study, 50 mg/kg digitoflavone significantly reduced AOM-DSS induced tumor incidence, number and size. Conclusion These observations suggest that digitoflavone is a novel Nrf2 pathway activator, and protects against oxidative stress-induced cell injury. The results of the present study add further evidence of the molecular mechanisms that allow digitoflavone to exert protective effects and reaffirm its potential role as a chemopreventive agent in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peng Cao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100#, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China.
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Mattos MP, da Silva AL. Comparative study of jejunal and colonic alterations between gastrojejunoduodenal and gastrocoloduodenal interposition in dogs. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2014; 26:260-7. [PMID: 24510032 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-67202013000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal interpositions are important in various operations of the digestive tract. However, they are capable to produce serious immediate and late complications. AIM To compare clinical and surgical outcomes, as well as intestinal pathological findings, in dogs submitted to jejunum and colon interposition. METHODS Forty male mongreal dogs were immunized and dewormed, between 36 and 72 months old and weighting from 6 to 16 kg divided into two groups of 20 (G1=gastrojejunoduodenal and G2=gastrocoloduodenal). They were anesthetized and submitted to laparotomy with jejunum and colon interposition between the gastric antrum and the duodenum. On the 120th postoperative day, a relaparotomy was performed with removal of the jejunun/colon segments for evaluation. The segments were processed using Bouin and tissue were stained with H&E for histological analysis. Clinical and surgical outcomes analyzed were weight, diarrhea, fistula, infection, suture dehiscence and incisional hernia. The pathological analysis involved neutrophilic infiltration, increase in number of goblet cells and villous and crypts hypotrophy. Mann-Whitney and Fisher Exact tests were used for groups comparisons. RESULTS Dogs that underwent gastrocoloduodenal interposition had a higher weight loss (p<0.05) and more diarrhea (p<0.001). Clinically, controlled fistula rates were 20% in G1 and 100% in G2. Complications occurred in 20% in G1 and in all animals in G2 (p<0.001). Pathological alterations were also more prevalent in G2 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION There is a high morbidity and complication rates involving intestine interposition and higher in G2 where colon segments were used.
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98
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Aleisa AM, Al-Rejaie SS, Abuohashish HM, Ola MS, Parmar MY, Ahmed MM. Pretreatment of Gymnema sylvestre revealed the protection against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:49. [PMID: 24507431 PMCID: PMC3922996 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Overproduction of free radicals and decreased antioxidant capacity are well-known risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases. Gymnema sylvestre (GS) leaves extract is distinguished for its anti-diabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Present study is designed to evaluate the preventative activities of GS against acetic acid (AA)-induced ulcerative colitis in Wistar rats. Methods Experimentally ulcerative colitis (UC) was induced by AA in animals pretreated with three different doses of GS leaves extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/day) and a single dose of mesalazine (MES, 300 mg/kg/day) for seven days. Twenty four hours later, animals were sacrificed and the colonic tissues were collected. Colonic mucus content was determined using Alcian blue dye binding technique. Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total glutathione sulfhydryl group (T-GSH) and non-protein sulfhydryl group (NPSH) as well as the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were estimated in colon tissues. Colonic nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and total protein (TP) concentrations were also determined. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated in colonic tissues. The histopathological changes of the colonic tissues were also observed. Results In AA administered group TBARS levels were increased, while colonic mucus content, T-GSH and NP-SH, SOD and CAT were reduced in colon. Pretreatment with GS inhibited TBARS elevation as well as mucus content, T-GSH and NP-SH reduction. Enzymatic activities of SOD and CAT were brought back to their normal levels in GS pretreated group. A significant reduction in DNA, RNA and TP levels was seen following AA administration and this inhibition was significantly eliminated by GS treatment. GS pretreatment also inhibited AA-induced elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, PGE2 and NO levels in colon. The apparent UC protection was further confirmed by the histopathological screening. Conclusion The GS leaves extract showed significant amelioration of experimentally induced colitis, which may be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property.
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Enemas with N-acetylcysteine can reduce the level of oxidative damage in cells of the colonic mucosa diverted from the faecal stream. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:3452-9. [PMID: 23828143 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been related to inflammation of the colonic mucosa in patients with diversion colitis (DC). AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidants effects of n-acetylcysteine (NAC) in colon segments without faecal stream. METHODS Thirty-six Wistar rats were subjected to diversion of the faecal stream by proximal colostomy and a distal mucosal colon fistula. They were distributed into three experimental groups of 12 animals each; the animals in each group underwent daily enemas containing saline solution (control group) or either a 25 or 100 mg/kg dose of NAC (treated groups). In each group, animals were sacrificed after 2 or 4 weeks. The degree of inflammation was determined by histopathological analysis and stratified by inflammatory grading scale. Oxidative DNA damage was measured by comet assay. The Mann-Whitney test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis; p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The oxidative DNA damage in colon segments without faecal stream was significantly lower in animals treated with either concentration of NAC than in control group, regardless of the duration of intervention (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Intrarectal application of NAC reduces the inflammation as well as DNA oxidative damage and could be beneficial as a complementary agent in the treatment of DC.
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100
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Biasi F, Leonarduzzi G, Oteiza PI, Poli G. Inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms, redox considerations, and therapeutic targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1711-47. [PMID: 23305298 PMCID: PMC3809610 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is thought to play a key role in the development of intestinal damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), because of its primary involvement in intestinal cells' aberrant immune and inflammatory responses to dietary antigens and to the commensal bacteria. During the active disease phase, activated leukocytes generate not only a wide spectrum of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but also excess oxidative reactions, which markedly alter the redox equilibrium within the gut mucosa, and maintain inflammation by inducing redox-sensitive signaling pathways and transcription factors. Moreover, several inflammatory molecules generate further oxidation products, leading to a self-sustaining and auto-amplifying vicious circle, which eventually impairs the gut barrier. The current treatment of IBD consists of long-term conventional anti-inflammatory therapy and often leads to drug refractoriness or intolerance, limiting patients' quality of life. Immune modulators or anti-tumor necrosis factor α antibodies have recently been used, but all carry the risk of significant side effects and a poor treatment response. Recent developments in molecular medicine point to the possibility of treating the oxidative stress associated with IBD, by designing a proper supplementation of specific lipids to induce local production of anti-inflammatory derivatives, as well as by developing biological therapies that target selective molecules (i.e., nuclear factor-κB, NADPH oxidase, prohibitins, or inflammasomes) involved in redox signaling. The clinical significance of oxidative stress in IBD is now becoming clear, and may soon lead to important new therapeutic options to lessen intestinal damage in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Biasi
- 1 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
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