51
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Getzmann S, Näätänen R. The mismatch negativity as a measure of auditory stream segregation in a simulated "cocktail-party" scenario: effect of age. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:3029-3037. [PMID: 26254109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With age the ability to understand speech in multitalker environments usually deteriorates. The central auditory system has to perceptually segregate and group the acoustic input into sequences of distinct auditory objects. The present study used electrophysiological measures to study effects of age on auditory stream segregation in a multitalker scenario. Younger and older adults were presented with streams of short speech stimuli. When a single target stream was presented, the occurrence of a rare (deviant) syllable among a frequent (standard) syllable elicited the mismatch negativity (MMN), an electrophysiological correlate of automatic deviance detection. The presence of a second, concurrent stream consisting of the deviant syllable of the target stream reduced the MMN amplitude, especially when located nearby the target stream. The decrease in MMN amplitude indicates that the rare syllable of the target stream was less perceived as deviant, suggesting reduced stream segregation with decreasing stream distance. Moreover, the presence of a concurrent stream increased the MMN peak latency of the older group but not that of the younger group. The results provide neurophysiological evidence for the effects of concurrent speech on auditory processing in older adults, suggesting that older adults need more time for stream segregation in the presence of concurrent speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Getzmann
- Aging Research Group, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Risto Näätänen
- Department of Psychology, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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52
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Guo S, Koelsch S. The effects of supervised learning on event-related potential correlates of music-syntactic processing. Brain Res 2015; 1626:232-46. [PMID: 25660849 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Humans process music even without conscious effort according to implicit knowledge about syntactic regularities. Whether such automatic and implicit processing is modulated by veridical knowledge has remained unknown in previous neurophysiological studies. This study investigates this issue by testing whether the acquisition of veridical knowledge of a music-syntactic irregularity (acquired through supervised learning) modulates early, partly automatic, music-syntactic processes (as reflected in the early right anterior negativity, ERAN), and/or late controlled processes (as reflected in the late positive component, LPC). Excerpts of piano sonatas with syntactically regular and less regular chords were presented repeatedly (10 times) to non-musicians and amateur musicians. Participants were informed by a cue as to whether the following excerpt contained a regular or less regular chord. Results showed that the repeated exposure to several presentations of regular and less regular excerpts did not influence the ERAN elicited by less regular chords. By contrast, amplitudes of the LPC (as well as of the P3a evoked by less regular chords) decreased systematically across learning trials. These results reveal that late controlled, but not early (partly automatic), neural mechanisms of music-syntactic processing are modulated by repeated exposure to a musical piece. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Prediction and Attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- Cluster Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Koelsch
- Cluster Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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53
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Getzmann S, Falkenstein M, Wascher E. ERP correlates of auditory goal-directed behavior of younger and older adults in a dynamic speech perception task. Behav Brain Res 2015; 278:435-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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54
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Parmentier FBR, Kefauver M. The semantic aftermath of distraction by deviant sounds: Crosstalk interference is mediated by the predictability of semantic congruency. Brain Res 2015; 1626:247-57. [PMID: 25641044 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rare changes in a stream of otherwise repeated task-irrelevant sounds break through selective attention and disrupt performance in an unrelated visual task. This deviance distraction effect emerges because deviant sounds violate the cognitive system's predictions. In this study we sought to examine whether predictability also mediate the so-called semantic effect whereby behavioral performance suffers from the clash between the involuntary semantic evaluation of irrelevant sounds and the voluntary processing of visual targets (e.g., when participants must categorize a right visual arrow following the presentation of the deviant sound "left"). By manipulating the conditional probabilities of the congruent and incongruent deviant sounds in a left/right arrow categorization task, we elicited implicit predictions about the upcoming target and related response. We observed a linear increase of the semantic effect with the proportion of congruent deviant trials (i.e., as deviant sounds increasingly predicted congruent targets). We conclude that deviant sounds affect response times based on a combination of crosstalk interference and two types of prediction violations: stimulus violations (violations of predictions regarding the identity of upcoming irrelevant sounds) and semantic violations (violations of predictions regarding the target afforded by deviant sounds). We report a three-parameter model that captures all key features of the observed RTs. Overall, our results fit with the view that the brain builds forward models of the environment in order to optimize cognitive processing and that control of one's attention and actions is called upon when predictions are violated. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Prediction and Attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice B R Parmentier
- Neuropsychology & Cognition Group, Department of Psychology and Research Institute for Health Sciences (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Balearic Islands, Spain; School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Miriam Kefauver
- Neuropsychology & Cognition Group, Department of Psychology and Research Institute for Health Sciences (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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55
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Voluntary action modulates the brain response to rule-violating events indexed by visual mismatch negativity. Neuropsychologia 2014; 65:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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56
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Sokka L, Huotilainen M, Leinikka M, Korpela J, Henelius A, Alain C, Müller K, Pakarinen S. Alterations in attention capture to auditory emotional stimuli in job burnout: An event-related potential study. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 94:427-36. [PMID: 25448269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sokka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Minna Huotilainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianne Leinikka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Korpela
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Henelius
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiti Müller
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Pakarinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
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57
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Getzmann S, Falkenstein M, Gajewski PD. Neuro-Behavioral Correlates of Post-Deviance Distraction in Middle-Aged and Old Adults. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The presentation of a task-irrelevant deviant (novel) stimulus among otherwise repeated standard stimuli usually reduces performance not only for the deviant stimulus, but also for the standard following that deviant. Here, the so-called post-deviance distraction was investigated in 58 middle-aged and 52 old adults, using an auditory duration discrimination task and event-related potential (ERP) measures. After a deviant stimulus, the participants showed a decrease in performance in the subsequent standard stimulus. This effect was more pronounced in the old, than middle-aged, group. Relative to the standard stimuli preceding the deviant, post-deviant standards triggered a chain of mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a, and reorienting negativity (RON). While MMN and P3a did not differ in old and middle-aged adults, older participants showed a delayed RON. Assuming the RON to reflect processes of general task or feature reconfiguration and updating, these results suggest a delay in orienting-reorienting mechanisms as possible source of increased post-deviance distraction in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Falkenstein
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick D. Gajewski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
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58
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Volosin M, Horváth J. Knowledge of sequence structure prevents auditory distraction: an ERP study. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 92:93-8. [PMID: 24657900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Infrequent, salient stimuli often capture attention despite their task-irrelevancy, and disrupt on-going goal-directed behavior. A number of studies show that presenting cues signaling forthcoming deviants reduces distraction, which may be a "by-product" of cue-processing interference or the result of direct preparatory processes for the forthcoming distracter. In the present study, instead of "bursts" of cue information, information on the temporal structure of the stimulus sequence was provided. Young adults performed a spatial discrimination task where complex tones moving left or right were presented. In the predictable condition, every 7th tone was a pitch-deviant, while in the random condition the position of deviants was random with a probability of 1/7. Whereas the early event-related potential correlates of deviance-processing (N1 and MMN) were unaffected by predictability, P3a amplitude was significantly reduced in the predictable condition, indicating that prevention of distraction was based on the knowledge about the temporal structure of the stimulus sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Volosin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - János Horváth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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59
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Auditory attentional capture: implicit and explicit approaches. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 78:313-20. [PMID: 24643575 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-014-0557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which distracting items capture attention despite being irrelevant to the task at hand can be measured either implicitly or explicitly (e.g., Simons, Trends Cogn Sci 4:147-155, 2000). Implicit approaches include the standard attentional capture paradigm in which distraction is measured in terms of reaction time and/or accuracy costs within a focal task in the presence (vs. absence) of a task-irrelevant distractor. Explicit measures include the inattention paradigm in which people are asked directly about their noticing of an unexpected task-irrelevant item. Although the processes of attentional capture have been studied extensively using both approaches in the visual domain, there is much less research on similar processes as they may operate within audition, and the research that does exist in the auditory domain has tended to focus exclusively on either an explicit or an implicit approach. This paper provides an overview of recent research on auditory attentional capture, integrating the key conclusions that may be drawn from both methodological approaches.
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60
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61
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The cognitive determinants of behavioral distraction by deviant auditory stimuli: a review. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2013; 78:321-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00426-013-0534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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62
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Exploring Perceptual Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: From Target Detection to Dynamic Perceptual Discrimination. J Autism Dev Disord 2013; 44:1144-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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63
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Chen S, Sussman ES. Context effects on auditory distraction. Biol Psychol 2013; 94:297-309. [PMID: 23886958 PMCID: PMC3953149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that sound context modulates the magnitude of auditory distraction, indexed by behavioral and electrophysiological measures. Participants were asked to identify tone duration, while irrelevant changes occurred in tone frequency, tone intensity, and harmonic structure. Frequency deviants were randomly intermixed with standards (Uni-Condition), with intensity deviants (Bi-Condition), and with both intensity and complex deviants (Tri-Condition). Only in the Tri-Condition did the auditory distraction effect reflect the magnitude difference among the frequency and intensity deviants. The mixture of the different types of deviants in the Tri-Condition modulated the perceived level of distraction, demonstrating that the sound context can modulate the effect of deviance level on processing irrelevant acoustic changes in the environment. These findings thus indicate that perceptual contrast plays a role in change detection processes that leads to auditory distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufen Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Center of Cognitive and Neural Systems, Boston University, USA.
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64
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Horváth J. Preparation interval and cue utilization in the prevention of distraction. Exp Brain Res 2013; 231:179-90. [PMID: 23975153 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining a selective attention set allows us to efficiently perform sensory tasks despite the multitude of concurrent sensory stimuli. Unpredictably occurring, rare events nonetheless capture our attention, that is, we get distracted. The present study investigated the efficiency of control over distraction as a function of preparation time available before a forthcoming distracter. A random sequence of short and long tones (100 or 200 ms with 50-50 % probability) was presented. Independently from tone duration, occasionally (13.3 % of the time), the pitch of a tone was changed. Such rare pitch variants (distracters) usually lead to delayed and less precise discrimination responses, and trigger a characteristic series of event-related potentials (ERPs) reflecting the stages of distraction-related processing: starting with negative ERPs signaling the sensory registration of the distracter; a P3a-usually interpreted as a reflection of involuntary attention change and finally the so-called reorienting negativity signaling the restoration of the task-optimal attention set. In separate conditions, 663 or 346 ms before each tone (long or short cue-tone interval), a visual cue was presented, which signaled whether the forthcoming tone was a distracter (rare pitch variant), with 80 % validity. As reflected by reduced reaction time delays and P3a amplitudes, valid cues led to the prevention of distraction, but only in the long cue-tone interval condition. The analyses of the cue-related P3b and contingent negative variation showed that participants made more effort to utilize cue information to prevent distraction in the long cue-tone than in the short cue-tone interval condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Horváth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O.B. 398, Szondi U 83/85, 1394, Budapest, Hungary,
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65
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Berti S. The role of auditory transient and deviance processing in distraction of task performance: a combined behavioral and event-related brain potential study. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:352. [PMID: 23874278 PMCID: PMC3708154 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Distraction of goal-oriented performance by a sudden change in the auditory environment is an everyday life experience. Different types of changes can be distracting, including a sudden onset of a transient sound and a slight deviation of otherwise regular auditory background stimulation. With regard to deviance detection, it is assumed that slight changes in a continuous sequence of auditory stimuli are detected by a predictive coding mechanisms and it has been demonstrated that this mechanism is capable of distracting ongoing task performance. In contrast, it is open whether transient detection-which does not rely on predictive coding mechanisms-can trigger behavioral distraction, too. In the present study, the effect of rare auditory changes on visual task performance is tested in an auditory-visual cross-modal distraction paradigm. The rare changes are either embedded within a continuous standard stimulation (triggering deviance detection) or are presented within an otherwise silent situation (triggering transient detection). In the event-related brain potentials, deviants elicited the mismatch negativity (MMN) while transients elicited an enhanced N1 component, mirroring pre-attentive change detection in both conditions but on the basis of different neuro-cognitive processes. These sensory components are followed by attention related ERP components including the P3a and the reorienting negativity (RON). This demonstrates that both types of changes trigger switches of attention. Finally, distraction of task performance is observable, too, but the impact of deviants is higher compared to transients. These findings suggest different routes of distraction allowing for the automatic processing of a wide range of potentially relevant changes in the environment as a pre-requisite for adaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Berti
- Department for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz, Germany
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66
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Oldoni D, De Coensel B, Boes M, Rademaker M, De Baets B, Van Renterghem T, Botteldooren D. A computational model of auditory attention for use in soundscape research. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 134:852-861. [PMID: 23862891 DOI: 10.1121/1.4807798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Urban soundscape design involves creating outdoor spaces that are pleasing to the ear. One way to achieve this goal is to add or accentuate sounds that are considered to be desired by most users of the space, such that the desired sounds mask undesired sounds, or at least distract attention away from undesired sounds. In view of removing the need for a listening panel to assess the effectiveness of such soundscape measures, the interest for new models and techniques is growing. In this paper, a model of auditory attention to environmental sound is presented, which balances computational complexity and biological plausibility. Once the model is trained for a particular location, it classifies the sounds that are present in the soundscape and simulates how a typical listener would switch attention over time between different sounds. The model provides an acoustic summary, giving the soundscape designer a quick overview of the typical sounds at a particular location, and allows assessment of the perceptual effect of introducing additional sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Oldoni
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, St.-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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67
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Discrimination of personally significant from nonsignificant sounds: A training study. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 13:930-43. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-013-0173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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68
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Li B, Parmentier FB, Zhang M. Behavioral Distraction by Auditory Deviance Is Mediated by the Sound’s Informational Value *Li and Parmentier share the first authorship of this study. Exp Psychol 2013; 60:260-8. [DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sounds deviating from an otherwise repetitive background in some task-irrelevant respect (deviant sounds among standard sounds) capture attention in an obligatory fashion and result in behavioral distraction in an ongoing task. Traditionally, such distraction has been considered as the ineluctable consequence of the deviant sound’s low probability of occurrence relative to that of the standard. Recent evidence from a cross-modal oddball task challenged this idea by showing that deviant sounds only yield distraction in a visual task when auditory distractors (standards and deviants) announce with certainty the imminent presentation of a target stimulus (event information), regardless of whether they predict the target’s temporal onset (temporal information). The present study sought to test for the first time whether this finding may be generalized to a purely auditory oddball task in which distractor and target information form part of the same perceptual stimulus. Participants were asked to judge whether a sound starting from a central location moved left or right while ignoring rare and unpredictable changes in the sound’s identity. By manipulating the temporal and probabilistic relationship between sound onset and movement onset, we disentangled the roles of event and temporal information and found that, as in the auditory-visual oddball task, deviance distraction is mediated by the extent to which distractor information harbingers the presentation of the target information (event information). This finding suggests that the provision of event information by auditory distractors is a fundamental prerequisite of behavioral deviance distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqin Li
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P.R. China
- Department of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Fabrice B.R. Parmentier
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P.R. China
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69
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Does age increase auditory distraction? Electrophysiological correlates of high and low performance in seniors. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:1952-62. [PMID: 23522843 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging usually affects the ability to focus attention on a given task and to ignore distractors. However, aging is also associated with increased between-subject variability, and it is unclear in which features of processing older high-performing and low-performing human beings may differ in goal-directed behavior. To study involuntary shifts in attention to task-irrelevant deviant stimuli and subsequent reorientation, we used an auditory distraction task and analyzed event-related potential measures (mismatch negativity), P3a and reorienting negativity) of 35 younger, 32 older high-performing, and 32 older low-performing participants. Although both high and low performing elderly individuals showed a delayed reorienting to the primary stimulus feature, relative to young participants, poor performance of the elderly participants in processing of deviant stimuli was associated with strong involuntary attention capture by task-irrelevant features. In contrast, high performance of the elderly group was associated with intensified attentional shifting toward the target features. Thus, it appears that performance deficits in aging are due to higher distractibility in combination with deficits in the orienting-reorienting mechanisms.
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70
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Cléry H, Roux S, Houy-Durand E, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Bruneau N, Gomot M. Electrophysiological evidence of atypical visual change detection in adults with autism. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:62. [PMID: 23507615 PMCID: PMC3589704 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although atypical change detection processes have been highlighted in the auditory modality in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little is known about these processes in the visual modality. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate visual change detection in adults with ASD, taking into account the salience of change, in order to determine whether this ability is affected in this disorder. Thirteen adults with ASD and 13 controls were presented with a passive visual three stimuli oddball paradigm. The findings revealed atypical visual change processing in ASD. Whereas controls displayed a vMMN in response to deviant and a novelty P3 in response to novel stimuli, patients with ASD displayed a novelty P3 in response to both deviant and novel stimuli. These results thus suggested atypical orientation of attention toward unattended minor changes in ASD that might contribute to the intolerance of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cléry
- UMR 930 Imagerie et Cerveau, Inserm, Université François Rabelais de Tours CHRU de Tours, France
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71
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Law SP, Fung R, Kung C. An ERP study of good production vis-à-vis poor perception of tones in Cantonese: implications for top-down speech processing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54396. [PMID: 23342146 PMCID: PMC3547009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated a theoretically challenging dissociation between good production and poor perception of tones among neurologically unimpaired native speakers of Cantonese. The dissociation is referred to as the near-merger phenomenon in sociolinguistic studies of sound change. In a passive oddball paradigm, lexical and nonlexical syllables of the T1/T6 and T4/T6 contrasts were presented to elicit the mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a from two groups of participants, those who could produce and distinguish all tones in the language (Control) and those who could produce all tones but specifically failed to distinguish between T4 and T6 in perception (Dissociation). The presence of MMN to T1/T6 and null response to T4/T6 of lexical syllables in the dissociation group confirmed the near-merger phenomenon. The observation that the control participants exhibited a statistically reliable MMN to lexical syllables of T1/T6, weaker responses to nonlexical syllables of T1/T6 and lexical syllables of T4/T6, and finally null response to nonlexical syllables of T4/T6, suggests the involvement of top-down processing in speech perception. Furthermore, the stronger P3a response of the control group, compared with the dissociation group in the same experimental conditions, may be taken to indicate higher cognitive capability in attention switching, auditory attention or memory in the control participants. This cognitive difference, together with our speculation that constant top-down predictions without complete bottom-up analysis of acoustic signals in speech recognition may reduce one's sensitivity to small acoustic contrasts, account for the occurrence of dissociation in some individuals but not others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam-Po Law
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR.
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72
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Pieszek M, Widmann A, Gruber T, Schröger E. The human brain maintains contradictory and redundant auditory sensory predictions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53634. [PMID: 23308266 PMCID: PMC3538730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational and experimental research has revealed that auditory sensory predictions are derived from regularities of the current environment by using internal generative models. However, so far, what has not been addressed is how the auditory system handles situations giving rise to redundant or even contradictory predictions derived from different sources of information. To this end, we measured error signals in the event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in response to violations of auditory predictions. Sounds could be predicted on the basis of overall probability, i.e., one sound was presented frequently and another sound rarely. Furthermore, each sound was predicted by an informative visual cue. Participants’ task was to use the cue and to discriminate the two sounds as fast as possible. Violations of the probability based prediction (i.e., a rare sound) as well as violations of the visual-auditory prediction (i.e., an incongruent sound) elicited error signals in the ERPs (Mismatch Negativity [MMN] and Incongruency Response [IR]). Particular error signals were observed even in case the overall probability and the visual symbol predicted different sounds. That is, the auditory system concurrently maintains and tests contradictory predictions. Moreover, if the same sound was predicted, we observed an additive error signal (scalp potential and primary current density) equaling the sum of the specific error signals. Thus, the auditory system maintains and tolerates functionally independently represented redundant and contradictory predictions. We argue that the auditory system exploits all currently active regularities in order to optimally prepare for future events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Pieszek
- Cognitive incl. Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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73
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Girardi G, Antonucci G, Nico D. Cueing spatial attention through timing and probability. Cortex 2013; 49:211-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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74
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Getzmann S, Gajewski PD, Hengstler JG, Falkenstein M, Beste C. BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and goal-directed behavior in healthy elderly - evidence from auditory distraction. Neuroimage 2012; 64:290-8. [PMID: 22963854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging affects the ability to focus attention on a given task and to ignore distractors. These functions subserve response control processes for which fronto-striatal networks have been shown to play an important role. Within these networks, the brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF), which is known to underlie aging effects, plays a pivotal role. We investigated how cognitive subprocesses constituting a cycle of distraction, orientation and refocusing of attention are affected by the functional BDNF Val66Met polymorphism using event-related potentials (ERPs) in 122 healthy elderly. Using an auditory distraction paradigm we found that the Val/Val genotype confers a disadvantage to its carriers. This disadvantage was partly compensated by intensified attentional shifting mechanisms. It could be based on response selection processes being more vulnerable against interference from distractors in this genotype group. Processes reflecting transient sensory memory processes, or the re-orientation of attention were not affected by the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, suggesting a higher importance of BDNF for mechanisms related to response control, than stimulus processing. The results add on recent literature showing that the Met allele confers some benefit to its carriers. We suggest an account for unifying different results of BDNF Val66Met association studies in executive functions, based on the role of BDNF in fronto-striatal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Germany.
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75
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Rissling AJ, Braff DL, Swerdlow NR, Hellemann G, Rassovsky Y, Sprock J, Pela M, Light GA. Disentangling early sensory information processing deficits in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:1942-9. [PMID: 22608970 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The disentangling of early sensory information processing deficits and examination of their relationships to demographic and clinical factors are important steps for the validation of potential biomarkers and/or endophenotypes of schizophrenia. The aims of the present study were to characterize commonly used sensory event-related potential deficits, to determine whether they are (1) distinct from one another and (2) independently associated with important clinical characteristics. METHODS MMN, P3a and RON event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded from schizophrenia patients (SZ; n=429) and nonpsychiatric comparison subjects (NCS; n=286). Subgroup analyses on demographic and clinical variables were performed. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients exhibited robust ERP deficits at frontocentral electrodes (MMN: d=1.10; P3a: d=0.87; RON: d=0.77), consistent with previous studies. Each ERP component uniquely accounted for variance in amplitude and schizophrenia deficits. Amplitude reductions occurred with increasing age in both NCS and SZ patients. A small subset of patients prescribed combinations of 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics exhibited significantly reduced MMN amplitude relative to other medication-defined subgroups. CONCLUSIONS MMN, P3a, and RON are dissociable deficits with distinct relationships to age and medication status in schizophrenia patients, potentially reflecting divergent pathophysiological processes. Reduced MMN in patients taking multiple antipsychotic medications appear to be attributable to greater severity of symptoms and functional impairments, rather than a medication effect. SIGNIFICANCE Independent information processing deficits in schizophrenia patients may differentially contribute to the commonly observed deficits in neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Rissling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804, USA
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76
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Horváth J, Bendixen A. Preventing distraction by probabilistic cueing. Int J Psychophysiol 2012; 83:342-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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77
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Duration mismatch negativity and P3a in first-episode psychosis and individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 71:98-104. [PMID: 22000060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction in a pre-attentive measure of auditory change detection, mismatch negativity (MMN), is one of the most consistent findings in schizophrenia. Recently, our group showed a reduction in MMN to changes in the duration and intensity of background sounds in those within 5 years of illness onset, whereas reduced MMNs to changes in sound frequency were only seen in patients with longer illness duration. In this report, we examine whether reduced MMN, as well as P3a, another index of auditory deviance detection, to duration changes is evident even earlier in the illness, that is, in individuals in the first episode of a psychosis (FEP) and individuals identified as being at ultra-high risk of developing schizophrenia (UHR). METHODS Mismatch negativity and P3a were measured in 30 UHR individuals, 10 FEP individuals, and 20 healthy control subjects to both long (100 msec) and short (50 msec) duration deviant sounds. RESULTS Mismatch negativity was reduced to both duration deviants not only in the FEP group but also in the UHR group. P3a amplitude was also reduced in the UHR group but at trend level only in FEP. However, MMN and P3a reductions were unrelated in both UHR and FEP groups, suggesting that they reflect distinct deficits. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MMN, as well as P3a, to duration deviants are reduced in very early stages of a psychotic illness including those in an at-risk mental state. Both should be considered as potential markers of the prodrome.
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78
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Koistinen S, Rinne T, Cederström S, Alho K. Effects of significance of auditory location changes on event related brain potentials and pitch discrimination performance. Brain Res 2012; 1427:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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79
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Ortiz-Mantilla S, Hämäläinen JA, Benasich AA. Time course of ERP generators to syllables in infants: a source localization study using age-appropriate brain templates. Neuroimage 2011; 59:3275-87. [PMID: 22155379 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) have become an important tool in the quest to understand how infants process perceptual information. Identification of the activation loci of the ERP generators is a technique that provides an opportunity to explore the neural substrates that underlie auditory processing. Nevertheless, as infant brain templates from healthy, non-clinical samples have not been available, the majority of source localization studies in infants have used non-realistic head models, or brain templates derived from older children or adults. Given the dramatic structural changes seen across infancy, all of which profoundly affect the electrical fields measured with EEG, it is important to use individual MRIs or age-appropriate brain templates and parameters to explore the localization and time course of auditory ERP sources. In this study 6-month-old infants were presented with a passive oddball paradigm using consonant-vowel (CV) syllables that differed in voice onset time. Dense-array EEG/ERPs were collected while the infants were awake and alert. In addition, MRIs were acquired during natural non-sedated sleep for a subset of the sample. Discrete dipole and distributed source models were mapped onto individual and averaged infant MRIs. The CV syllables elicited a positive deflection at about 200 ms followed by a negative deflection that peaked around 400 ms. The source models generated placed the dipoles at temporal areas close to auditory cortex for both positive and negative responses. Notably, an additional dipole for the positive peak was localized at the frontal area, at the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) level. ACC activation has been reported in adults, but has not, to date, been reported in infants during processing of speech-related signals. The frontal ACC activation was earlier but smaller in amplitude than the left and right auditory temporal activations. These results demonstrate that in infancy the ERP generators to CV syllables are localized in cortical areas similar to that reported in adults, but exhibit a notably different temporal course. Specifically, ACC activation in infants significantly precedes auditory temporal activation, whereas in adults ACC activation follows that of temporal cortex. We suggest that these timing differences could be related to current maturational changes, to the ongoing construction of language-specific phonetic maps, and/or to more sensitive attentional switching as a response to speech signals in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ortiz-Mantilla
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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80
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Todd J, Mullens D. Implementing conditional inference in the auditory system: What matters? Psychophysiology 2011; 48:1434-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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81
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Maidhof C, Koelsch S. Effects of Selective Attention on Syntax Processing in Music and Language. J Cogn Neurosci 2011; 23:2252-67. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of auditory selective attention on the processing of syntactic information in music and speech using event-related potentials. Spoken sentences or musical chord sequences were either presented in isolation, or simultaneously. When presented simultaneously, participants had to focus their attention either on speech, or on music. Final words of sentences and final harmonies of chord sequences were syntactically either correct or incorrect. Irregular chords elicited an early right anterior negativity (ERAN), whose amplitude was decreased when music was simultaneously presented with speech, compared to when only music was presented. However, the amplitude of the ERAN-like waveform elicited when music was ignored did not differ from the conditions in which participants attended the chord sequences. Irregular sentences elicited an early left anterior negativity (ELAN), regardless of whether speech was presented in isolation, was attended, or was to be ignored. These findings suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying the processing of syntactic structure of music and speech operate partially automatically, and, in the case of music, are influenced by different attentional conditions. Moreover, the ERAN was slightly reduced when irregular sentences were presented, but only when music was ignored. Therefore, these findings provide no clear support for an interaction of neural resources for syntactic processing already at these early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Maidhof
- 1Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- 2University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- 3University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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82
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Garrido MI, Dolan RJ, Sahani M. Surprise leads to noisier perceptual decisions. Iperception 2011; 2:112-20. [PMID: 23145228 PMCID: PMC3485781 DOI: 10.1068/i0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surprising events in the environment can impair task performance. This might be due to complete distraction, leading to lapses during which performance is reduced to guessing. Alternatively, unpredictability might cause a graded withdrawal of perceptual resources from the task at hand and thereby reduce sensitivity. Here we attempt to distinguish between these two mechanisms. Listeners performed a novel auditory pitch-duration discrimination, where stimulus loudness changed occasionally and incidentally to the task. Responses were slower and less accurate in the surprising condition, where loudness changed unpredictably, than in the predictable condition, where the loudness was held constant. By explicitly modelling both lapses and changes in sensitivity, we found that unpredictable changes diminished sensitivity but did not increase the rate of lapses. These findings suggest that background environmental uncertainty can disrupt goal-directed behaviour. This graded processing strategy might be adaptive in potentially threatening contexts, and reflect a flexible system for automatic allocation of perceptual resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta I Garrido
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, England; e-mail:
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83
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Horváth J, Sussman E, Winkler I, Schröger E. Preventing distraction: assessing stimulus-specific and general effects of the predictive cueing of deviant auditory events. Biol Psychol 2011; 87:35-48. [PMID: 21310210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rare irregular sounds (deviants) embedded into a regular sound sequence have large potential to draw attention to themselves (distraction). It has been previously shown that distraction, as manifested by behavioral response delay, and the P3a and reorienting negativity (RON) event-related potentials, could be reduced when the forthcoming deviant was signaled by visual cues preceding the sounds. In the present study, we investigated the type of information used in the prevention of distraction by manipulating the information content of the visual cues preceding the sounds. Cues could signal the specific variant of the forthcoming deviant, or they could just signal that the next tone was a deviant. We found that stimulus-specific cue information was used in reducing distraction. The results also suggest that early P3a and RON index processes related to the specific deviating stimulus feature, whereas late P3a reflects a general distraction-related process.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Horváth
- Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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84
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Knott V, Heenan A, Shah D, Bolton K, Fisher D, Villeneuve C. Electrophysiological evidence of nicotine's distracter-filtering properties in non-smokers. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:239-48. [PMID: 19939874 DOI: 10.1177/0269881109348158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine-enhanced attentional functions are purported to underlie improvements in behavioral performance in cognitive tasks but it is unclear as to whether these effects involve selective attention or attentional control under conditions of distraction. Behavioral and event-related potential measures were used to examine the effects of nicotine on distractibility in 21 non-smokers who were instructed to ignore task-irrelevant auditory stimuli while they performed a visual discrimination task. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design, nicotine gum (6 mg) shortened overall reaction times but failed to prevent increased response slowing and errors caused by deviant sounds. Relative to placebo, nicotine did not modulate the early pre-attentive detection of deviants as reflected in the mismatch negativity but it attenuated the amplitude of the deviant-elicited P3a, an event-related potential component indexing the involuntary shifting of attention. Nicotine also enhanced attentional re-focusing back on to task-relevant stimuli following distraction as evidenced by an increased amplitude of the re-orienting negativity. These findings and the behavioral-electrophysiological dissociation seen with nicotine are discussed in relation to theories of attention and smoking motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner Knott
- Clinical Neuroelectrophysiological and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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85
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86
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Involuntary switching of attention mediates differences in event-related responses to complex tones between early and late Spanish-English bilinguals. Brain Res 2010; 1362:78-92. [PMID: 20849832 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most research with bilinguals has used speech stimuli to demonstrate differences in auditory processing abilities. Two main factors have been identified as modulators of such differences: proficiency and age of acquisition of the second language (L2). However, whether the bilingual brain differs from the monolingual in the efficient processing of non-verbal auditory events (known to be critical to the acoustic analysis of the speech stream) remains unclear. In this EEG/ERP study, using the mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a, and late negativity (LN), we examined differences in discrimination, involuntary switching of attention and reorienting of attention between monolinguals and bilinguals as they processed complex tones. Further, we examined the role that age of acquisition plays in modulating such responses. A group of English monolinguals and a group of proficient Spanish-English bilinguals were presented with a multiple-deviant oddball paradigm with four deviant conditions (duration, frequency, silent gap, and frequency modulation). Late bilinguals, who learned English after age 10, exhibited larger MMN and P3a responses than early bilinguals, across all deviant conditions. Significant associations were found between amplitude of the responses and both age of L2 acquisition and years of L2 experience. Individuals who acquired English at later ages and had fewer years of L2 experience had larger MMN, P3a, and LN responses than those who learned it earlier. These findings demonstrate that age of L2 acquisition is an important modulator of auditory responses in bilinguals even when processing non-speech signals. Involuntary attention switching is suggested as the main factor driving these differences.
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87
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Hämmerer D, Li SC, Müller V, Lindenberger U. An electrophysiological study of response conflict processing across the lifespan: Assessing the roles of conflict monitoring, cue utilization, response anticipation, and response suppression. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:3305-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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88
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Lv JY, Wang T, Qiu J, Feng SH, Tu S, Wei DT. The electrophysiological effect of working memory load on involuntary attention in an auditory–visual distraction paradigm: an ERP study. Exp Brain Res 2010; 205:81-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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89
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Horváth J, Winkler I. Distraction in a continuous-stimulation detection task. Biol Psychol 2010; 83:229-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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90
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Todd J, Myers R, Pirillo R, Drysdale K. Neuropsychological correlates of auditory perceptual inference: A mismatch negativity (MMN) study. Brain Res 2010; 1310:113-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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91
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SanMiguel I, Morgan HM, Klein C, Linden D, Escera C. On the functional significance of Novelty-P3: facilitation by unexpected novel sounds. Biol Psychol 2009; 83:143-52. [PMID: 19963034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The unexpected occurrence of a change in the auditory context has been shown to result in distraction due to a momentary attention shift. These unexpected sounds elicit the Novelty-P3 (NP3) response which has been proposed as an electrophysiological index of distractibility, and used as such in the evaluation of several clinical populations. However, unexpected sounds also result in facilitation under certain conditions. Here, we investigate the electrophysiological concomitants of novel sounds in a task in which these sounds facilitate visual task performance. Novel sounds elicited NP3 and resulted in an enhancement of the visual P300 response to subsequent visual targets. This result clearly argues against the use of NP3 as an index of distractibility and asks for a reformulation of the functional significance of this response. We suggest that the NP3 is a complex signal that comprises alerting, orienting and executive control processes triggered by the unexpected stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria SanMiguel
- Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (IR3C), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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92
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Horváth J, Czigler I, Birkás E, Winkler I, Gervai J. Age-related differences in distraction and reorientation in an auditory task. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 30:1157-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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93
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Bendixen A, Schröger E, Winkler I. I heard that coming: event-related potential evidence for stimulus-driven prediction in the auditory system. J Neurosci 2009; 29:8447-51. [PMID: 19571135 PMCID: PMC6665649 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1493-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory system has been shown to detect predictability in a tone sequence, but does it use the extracted regularities for actually predicting the continuation of the sequence? The present study sought to find evidence for the generation of such predictions. Predictability was manipulated in an isochronous series of tones in which every other tone was a repetition of its predecessor. The existence of predictions was probed by occasionally omitting either the first (unpredictable) or the second (predictable) tone of a same-frequency tone pair. Event-related electrical brain activity elicited by the omission of an unpredictable tone differed from the response to the actual tone right from the tone onset. In contrast, early electrical brain activity elicited by the omission of a predictable tone was quite similar to the response to the actual tone. This suggests that the auditory system preactivates the neural circuits for expected input, using sequential predictions to specifically prepare for future acoustic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bendixen
- Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1068 Budapest, Hungary.
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94
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Grimm S, Bendixen A, Deouell LY, Schröger E. Distraction in a visual multi-deviant paradigm: Behavioral and event-related potential effects. Int J Psychophysiol 2009; 72:260-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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95
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Boll S, Berti S. Distraction of task-relevant information processing by irrelevant changes in auditory, visual, and bimodal stimulus features: A behavioral and event-related potential study. Psychophysiology 2009; 46:645-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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96
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Wetzel N, Widmann A, Schröger E. The cognitive control of distraction by novelty in children aged 7-8 and adults. Psychophysiology 2009; 46:607-16. [PMID: 19298624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The study focused on the development of cognitive control of distraction. Novel sounds were interspersed in a sequence of a constant environmental sound, while subjects were engaged in a task not related to novelty. In both children (7-8 years) and adults, unpredictable novel sounds caused prolonged reaction times (RT), the P3a and the Reorienting Negativity (RON) components of the event-related potential, indicating distraction and reorienting of attention. With predictable novels, RT prolongation and RON-amplitude were reduced in both groups, whereas P3a-amplitude reduction was confined to adults. Thus, although children reveal some indication for control of distraction, they do not yet achieve the level of adults. This differential pattern of the development of RT prolongation, P3a, and RON across age groups indicates different maturation of processes involved in the control of distraction and suggests partly independent underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wetzel
- Institute of Psychology I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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97
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Casagrande VA, Sáry G, Royal D, Ruiz O. On the impact of attention and motor planning on the lateral geniculate nucleus. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2008; 149:11-29. [PMID: 16226573 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(05)49002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is one of the most thoroughly characterized thalamic nuclei, its functional role remains controversial. Traditionally, the LGN in primates has been viewed as the lowest level of a set of feedforward parallel visual pathways to cortex. These feedforward pathways are pictured as connected hierarchies of areas designed to construct the visual image gradually - adding more complex features as one marches through successive levels of the hierarchy. In terms of synapse number and circuitry, the anatomy suggests that the LGN can be viewed also as the ultimate terminus in a series of feedback pathways that originate at the highest cortical levels. Since the visual system is dynamic, a more accurate picture of image construction might be one in which information flows bidirectionally, through both the feedforward and feedback pathways constantly and simultaneously. Based upon evidence from anatomy, physiology, and imaging, we argue that the LGN is more than a simple gate for retinal information. Here, we review evidence that suggests that one function of the LGN is to enhance relevant visual signals through circuits related to both motor planning and attention. Specifically, we argue that major extraretinal inputs to the LGN may provide: (1) eye movement information to enhance and bind visual signals related to new saccade targets and (2) top-down and bottom-up information about target relevance to selectively enhance visual signals through spatial attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien A Casagrande
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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98
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Do N1/MMN, P3a, and RON form a strongly coupled chain reflecting the three stages of auditory distraction? Biol Psychol 2008; 79:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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99
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Bendixen A, Schröger E. Memory trace formation for abstract auditory features and its consequences in different attentional contexts. Biol Psychol 2008; 78:231-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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100
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Berti S. Cognitive control after distraction: Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) dissociate between different processes of attentional allocation. Psychophysiology 2008; 45:608-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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