51
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Vidovic D, Huynh TT, Konda P, Dean C, Cruickshank BM, Sultan M, Coyle KM, Gujar S, Marcato P. ALDH1A3-regulated long non-coding RNA NRAD1 is a potential novel target for triple-negative breast tumors and cancer stem cells. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:363-378. [PMID: 31197235 PMCID: PMC7206030 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover novel therapeutic targets for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and cancer stem cells (CSCs), we screened long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) most enriched in TNBCs for high expression in CSCs defined by high Aldefluor activity and associated with worse patient outcomes. This led to the identification of non-coding RNA in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A pathway (NRAD1), also known as LINC00284. Targeting NRAD1 in TNBC tumors using antisense oligonucleotides reduced cell survival, tumor growth, and the number of cells with CSC characteristics. Expression of NRAD1 is regulated by an enzyme that causes Aldefluor activity in CSCs, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) and its product retinoic acid. Cellular fractionation revealed that NRAD1 is primarily nuclear localized, which suggested a potential function in gene regulation. This was confirmed by transcriptome profiling and chromatin isolation by RNA purification, followed by sequencing (ChIRP-seq), which demonstrated that NRAD1 has enriched chromatin interactions among the genes it regulates. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that NRAD1 regulates expression of genes involved in differentiation and catabolic processes. NRAD1 also contributes to gene expression changes induced by ALDH1A3; thereby, the induction of NRAD1 is a novel mechanism through which ALDH1A3 regulates gene expression. Together, these data identify lncRNA NRAD1 as a downstream effector of ALDH1A3, and a target for TNBCs and CSCs, with functions in cell survival and regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Vidovic
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Thomas T Huynh
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Cheryl Dean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad Sultan
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Krysta M Coyle
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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52
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Reduced Basal Nitric Oxide Production Induces Precancerous Mammary Lesions via ERBB2 and TGFβ. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6688. [PMID: 31040372 PMCID: PMC6491486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One third of newly diagnosed breast cancers in the US are early-stage lesions. The etiological understanding and treatment of these lesions have become major clinical challenges. Because breast cancer risk factors are often linked to aberrant nitric oxide (NO) production, we hypothesized that abnormal NO levels might contribute to the formation of early-stage breast lesions. We recently reported that the basal level of NO in the normal breast epithelia plays crucial roles in tissue homeostasis, whereas its reduction contributes to the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Here, we show that the basal level of NO in breast cells plummets during cancer progression due to reduction of the NO synthase cofactor, BH4, under oxidative stress. Importantly, pharmacological deprivation of NO in prepubertal to pubertal animals stiffens the extracellular matrix and induces precancerous lesions in the mammary tissues. These lesions overexpress a fibrogenic cytokine, TGFβ, and an oncogene, ERBB2, accompanied by the occurrence of senescence and stem cell-like phenotype. Consistently, normalization of NO levels in precancerous and cancerous breast cells downmodulates TGFβ and ERBB2 and ameliorates their proliferative phenotype. This study sheds new light on the etiological basis of precancerous breast lesions and their potential prevention by manipulating the basal NO level.
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53
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Madonna MC, Fox DB, Crouch BT, Lee J, Zhu C, Martinez AF, Alvarez JV, Ramanujam N. Optical Imaging of Glucose Uptake and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential to Characterize Her2 Breast Tumor Metabolic Phenotypes. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1545-1555. [PMID: 30902832 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the large number of women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer each year, the importance of studying recurrence has become evident due to most deaths from breast cancer resulting from tumor recurrence following therapy. To mitigate this, cellular and molecular pathways used by residual disease prior to recurrence must be studied. An altered metabolism has long been considered a hallmark of cancer, and several recent studies have gone further to report metabolic dysfunction and alterations as key to understanding the underlying behavior of dormant and recurrent cancer cells. Our group has used two probes, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diaxol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) and tetramethyl rhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE), to image glucose uptake and mitochondrial membrane potential, respectively, to report changes in metabolism between primary tumors, regression, residual disease, and after regrowth in genetically engineered mouse (GEM)-derived mammospheres. Imaging revealed unique metabolic phenotypes across the stages of tumor development. Although primary mammospheres overexpressing Her2 maintained increased glucose uptake ("Warburg effect"), after Her2 downregulation, during regression and residual disease, mammospheres appeared to switch to oxidative phosphorylation. Interestingly, in mammospheres where Her2 overexpression was turned back on to model recurrence, glucose uptake was lowest, indicating a potential change in substrate preference following the reactivation of Her2, reeliciting growth. Our findings highlight the importance of imaging metabolic adaptions to gain insight into the fundamental behaviors of residual and recurrent disease. IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates these functional fluorescent probes' ability to report metabolic adaptations during primary tumor growth, regression, residual disease, and regrowth in Her2 breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Madonna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Douglas B Fox
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brian T Crouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jihong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Caigang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amy F Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - James V Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nirmala Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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54
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Mariya S, Dewi FN, Suparto IH, Wilkerson GK, Cline MJ, Iskandriati D, Budiarsa NI, Sajuthi D. Mammosphere Culture of Mammary Cells from Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis). Comp Med 2019; 69:144-150. [PMID: 30732675 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland contains adult stem cells that are capable of self-renewal. Although these cells hold an important role in the biology and pathology of the breast, the studies of mammary stem cells are few due to the difficulty of acquiring and expanding undifferentiated adult stem cell populations. In this study, we developed mammosphere cultures from frozen mammary cells of nulliparous cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) as a culture system to enrich mammary stem cells. Small samples of mammary tissues were collected by surgical biopsy; cells were cultured in epithelial cell growth medium and cryopreserved. Cryopreserved cells were cultured into mammospheres, and the expression of markers for stemness was evaluated by using quantitative PCR analysis. Cells were further differentiated by using 2D and 3D approaches to evaluate morphology and organoid budding, respectively. The study showed that mammosphere culture resulted in an increase in the expression of mammary stem cell markers with each passage. In contrast, markers for epithelial cells and pluripotency decreased across multiple passages. The 2D differentiation of the cells showed heterogeneous morphology, whereas 3D differentiation allowed for organoid formation. The results indicate that mammospheres can be successfully developed from frozen mammary cells derived from breast tissue collected from nulliparous cynomolgus macaques through surgical biopsy. Because mammosphere cultures allow for the enrichment of a mammary stem cell population, this refined method provides a model for the in vitro or ex vivo study of mammary stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silmi Mariya
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia;,
| | - Fitriya N Dewi
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Irma H Suparto
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia; Faculty of Mathematic and Nature Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Gregory K Wilkerson
- Michale E Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas
| | - Mark J Cline
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Diah Iskandriati
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nengah I Budiarsa
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dondin Sajuthi
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
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55
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Chen JH, T H Wu A, T W Tzeng D, Huang CC, Tzeng YM, Chao TY. Antrocin, a bioactive component from Antrodia cinnamomea, suppresses breast carcinogenesis and stemness via downregulation of β-catenin/Notch1/Akt signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:70-78. [PMID: 30599914 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We identified increased β-catenin and Atk expression was associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients using public databases. Antrocin treatment suppressed breast tumorigenesis and stemness properties. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We aimed to provide preclinical evidence for antrocin, an active component of Antrodia cinnamomea, as a potential small-molecule drug for treating drug-resistant breast cancer. METHODS Various in vitro assays including SRB, Boyden chamber, colony formation, drug combination index and tumor sphere generation were used to determine the anti-cancer and stemness effects of antrocin. Mouse xenograft models were used to evaluate antrocin's effect in vivo. RESULTS Antrocin treatment suppressed the viability, migration colony formation and mammosphere generation. Antrocin-mediated anti-cancer effects were associated with the decreased expression of oncogenic and stemness markers such as β-catenin, Akt and Notch1. A sequential regimen of antrocin and paclitaxel synergistically inhibit breast cancer viability in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our preclinical evidence supports antrocin's ability of inhibiting tumorigenic and stemness properties in breast cancer cells. Further develop of antrocin should be encouraged; the combined use of antrocin and paclitaxel may also be considered for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defence Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- The PhD Program of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defence Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David T W Tzeng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital SiJhih, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yew-Min Tzeng
- Center for General Education, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan.
| | - Tsu-Yi Chao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.
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56
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Tasdemir N, Bossart EA, Li Z, Zhu L, Sikora MJ, Levine KM, Jacobsen BM, Tseng GC, Davidson NE, Oesterreich S. Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Human Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Cell Lines in 2D and 3D Cultures. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6209-6222. [PMID: 30228172 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common subtype of breast cancer following invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and characterized by the loss of E-cadherin-mediated adherens junctions. Despite displaying unique histologic and clinical features, ILC still remains a chronically understudied disease, with limited knowledge gleaned from available laboratory research models. Here we report a comprehensive 2D and 3D phenotypic characterization of four estrogen receptor-positive human ILC cell lines: MDA-MB-134, SUM44, MDA-MB-330, and BCK4. Compared with the IDC cell lines MCF7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231, ultra-low attachment culture conditions revealed remarkable anchorage independence unique to ILC cells, a feature not evident in soft-agar gels. Three-dimensional Collagen I and Matrigel culture indicated a generally loose morphology for ILC cell lines, which exhibited differing preferences for adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins in 2D. Furthermore, ILC cells were limited in their ability to migrate and invade in wound-scratch and transwell assays, with the exception of haptotaxis to Collagen I. Transcriptional comparison of these cell lines confirmed the decreased cell proliferation and E-cadherin-mediated intercellular junctions in ILC while uncovering the induction of novel pathways related to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, ion channels, drug metabolism, and alternative cell adhesion molecules such as N-cadherin, some of which were differentially regulated in ILC versus IDC tumors. Altogether, these studies provide an invaluable resource for the breast cancer research community and facilitate further functional discoveries toward understanding ILC, identifying novel drug targets, and ultimately improving the outcome of patients with ILC.Significance: These findings provide the breast cancer research community with a comprehensive assessment of human invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) cell line signaling and behavior in various culture conditions, aiding future endeavors to develop therapies and to ultimately improve survival in patients with ILC. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6209-22. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun Tasdemir
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center (HCC), Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily A Bossart
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center (HCC), Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zheqi Li
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center (HCC), Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Sikora
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kevin M Levine
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center (HCC), Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Britta M Jacobsen
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Computational & Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy E Davidson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington.,University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center (HCC), Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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57
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The transcriptome of human mammary epithelial cells infected with the HCMV-DB strain displays oncogenic traits. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12574. [PMID: 30135434 PMCID: PMC6105607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) populations under the influence of host environment, can either be stable or rapidly differentiating, leading to tissue compartment colonization. We isolated previously from a 30-years old pregnant woman, a clinical isolate of HCMV, that we refered to as the HCMV-DB strain (accession number KT959235). The HCMV-DB clinical isolate demonstrated its ability to infect primary macrophages and to upregulate the proto-oncogene Bcl-3. We observed in this study that the genome of HCMV-DB strain is close to the genomes of other primary clinical isolates including the Toledo and the JP strains with the later having been isolated from a glandular tissue, the prostate. Using a phylogenetic analysis to compare the genes involved in virus entry, we observed that the HCMV-DB strain is close to the HCMV strain Merlin, the prototype HCMV strain. HCMV-DB infects human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) which in turn display a ER−/PR−/HER2− phenotype, commonly refered to as triple negative. The transcriptome of HCMV-DB-infected HMECs presents the characteristics of a pro-oncogenic cellular environment with upregulated expression of numerous oncogenes, enhanced activation of pro-survival genes, and upregulated markers of cell proliferation, stemcellness and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) that was confirmed by enhanced cellular proliferation and tumorsphere formation in vitro. Taken together our data indicate that some clinical isolates could be well adapted to the mammary tissue environment, as it is the case for the HCMV-DB strain. This could influence the viral fitness, ultimately leading to breast cancer development.
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58
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The Human Cytomegalovirus, from Oncomodulation to Oncogenesis. Viruses 2018; 10:v10080408. [PMID: 30081496 PMCID: PMC6115842 DOI: 10.3390/v10080408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its well-described impact in immunosuppressed patients, the role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in the pathogenesis of cancer has been more recently investigated. In cancer, HCMV could favor the progression and the spread of the tumor, a paradigm named oncomodulation. Although oncomodulation could account for part of the protumoral effect of HCMV, it might not explain the whole impact of HCMV infection on the tumor and the tumoral microenvironment. On the contrary cases have been reported where HCMV infection slows down the progression and the spread of the tumor. In addition, HCMV proteins have oncogenic properties per se, HCMV activates pro-oncogenic pathways in infected cells, and recently the direct transformation of cells following HCMV infection has been described, which gave rise to tumors when injected in mice. Thus, beyond the oncomodulation model, this review will assess the direct transforming role of HMCV-infected cells and the potential classification of HCMV as an oncovirus.
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59
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Cheriyan VT, Alsaab H, Sekhar S, Venkatesh J, Mondal A, Vhora I, Sau S, Muthu M, Polin LA, Levi E, Bepler G, Iyer AK, Singh M, Rishi AK. A CARP-1 functional mimetic compound is synergistic with BRAF-targeting in non-small cell lung cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29680-29697. [PMID: 30038713 PMCID: PMC6049854 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) account for 85% of all lung cancers, and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed or activated in many NSCLC that permit use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as frontline therapies. Resistance to EGFR TKIs eventually develops that necessitates development of improved and effective therapeutics. CARP-1/CCAR1 is an effector of apoptosis by Doxorubicin, Etoposide, or Gefitinib, while CARP-1 functional mimetic (CFM) compounds bind with CARP-1, and stimulate CARP-1 expression and apoptosis. To test whether CFMs would inhibit TKI-resistant NSCLCs, we first generated and characterized TKI-resistant NSCLC cells. The GI50 dose of Erlotinib for parental and Erlotinib-resistant HCC827 cells was ∼0.1 μM and ≥15 μM, respectively. While Rociletinib or Ocimertinib inhibited the parental H1975 cells with GI50 doses of ≤0.18 μM, the Ocimertinib-resistant pools of H1975 cells had a GI50 dose of ∼12 μM. The GI50 dose for Rociletinib-resistant H1975 sublines ranged from 4.5-8.0 μM. CFM-4 and its novel analog CFM-4.16 attenuated growth of the parental and TKI-resistant NSCLC cells. CFMs activated p38/JNKs, inhibited oncogenic cMet and Akt kinases, while CARP-1 depletion blocked NSCLC cell growth inhibition by CFM-4.16 or Erlotinib. CFM-4.16 was synergistic with B-Raf-targeting in NSCLC, triple-negative breast cancer, and renal cancer cells. A nano-lipid formulation (NLF) of CFM-4.16 in combination with Sorafenib elicited a superior growth inhibition of xenografted tumors derived from Rociletinib-resistant H1975 NSCLC cells in part by stimulating CARP-1 and apoptosis. These findings support therapeutic potential of CFM-4.16 together with B-Raf targeting in treatment of TKI-resistant NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vino T Cheriyan
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hashem Alsaab
- Use-inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sreeja Sekhar
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Jaganathan Venkatesh
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Arindam Mondal
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Imran Vhora
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Magesh Muthu
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
| | - Lisa A Polin
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Edi Levi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Gerold Bepler
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Use-inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Arun K Rishi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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60
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Ottaviani S, Stebbing J, Frampton AE, Zagorac S, Krell J, de Giorgio A, Trabulo SM, Nguyen VTM, Magnani L, Feng H, Giovannetti E, Funel N, Gress TM, Jiao LR, Lombardo Y, Lemoine NR, Heeschen C, Castellano L. TGF-β induces miR-100 and miR-125b but blocks let-7a through LIN28B controlling PDAC progression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1845. [PMID: 29748571 PMCID: PMC5945639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β/Activin induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the microRNAs (miRNAs) regulated during this response have remained yet undetermined. Here, we show that TGF-β transcriptionally induces MIR100HG lncRNA, containing miR-100, miR-125b and let-7a in its intron, via SMAD2/3. Interestingly, we find that although the pro-tumourigenic miR-100 and miR-125b accordingly increase, the amount of anti-tumourigenic let-7a is unchanged, as TGF-β also induces LIN28B inhibiting its maturation. Notably, we demonstrate that inactivation of miR-125b or miR-100 affects the TGF-β-mediated response indicating that these miRNAs are important TGF-β effectors. We integrate AGO2-RIP-seq with RNA-seq to identify the global regulation exerted by these miRNAs in PDAC cells. Transcripts targeted by miR-125b and miR-100 significantly overlap and mainly inhibit p53 and cell-cell junctions' pathways. Together, we uncover that TGF-β induces an lncRNA, whose encoded miRNAs, miR-100, let-7a and miR-125b play opposing roles in controlling PDAC tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ottaviani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Adam E Frampton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, HPB Surgical Unit, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sladjana Zagorac
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jonathan Krell
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander de Giorgio
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sara M Trabulo
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28028, Spain
- Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Van T M Nguyen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hugang Feng
- Epigenetics and Genome Stability Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Niccola Funel
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Thomas M Gress
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, 35037, Germany
| | - Long R Jiao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, HPB Surgical Unit, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Ylenia Lombardo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nicholas R Lemoine
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28028, Spain
- Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Leandro Castellano
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, W12 0NN, UK.
- University of Sussex, School of life Sciences, John Maynard Smith Building, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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61
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Cheriyan VT, Muthu M, Patel K, Sekhar S, Rajeswaran W, Larsen SD, Polin L, Levi E, Singh M, Rishi AK. CARP-1 functional mimetics are novel inhibitors of drug-resistant triple negative breast cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73370-73388. [PMID: 27687593 PMCID: PMC5341985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin and Cisplatin are the frontline therapeutics for treatment of the triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Emergence of drug-resistance often contributes to failure of drugs and poor prognosis, and thus necessitates development of new and improved modalities to treat TNBCs. We generated and characterized chemotherapy-resistant TNBC cells following their culture in chronic presence of Doxorubicin or Cisplatin, and tested whether their viabilities were inhibited by a novel class of CARP- 1 functional mimetic (CFM) compounds. Analogs of parent compound CFM-4 were obtained through structure-activity based medicinal chemistry studies. CFM-4.16, a novel analog of CFM-4, caused superior inhibition of viability of TNBC cells when used in combination with doxorubicin. Doxorubicin and cisplatin inhibited viabilities of parental cells with GI50 dose of 0.02–0.1 μM and 1.65 μM, respectively. The GI50 dose of doxorubicin for doxorubicin-resistant TNBC cells was ≥ 10.0 μM. For Cisplatin-resistant cells, the GI50 dose of Cisplatin was ≥ 6–15.0 μM for MDA-MB-468 sublines and ≥ 150.0 μM for MDA-MB-231 sublines. CFM-4.16 inhibited viability of chemotherapy-resistant TNBC cells, in part by inhibiting oncogenic cMet activation and expression, stimulating CARP-1 expression, caspase-8 cleavage and apoptosis. CFM-4.16 pretreatment enhanced anti-TNBC efficacies of inhibitors of cMET (Tevatinib) or cSrc (Dasatinib). CFM-4.16 suppressed growth of resistant TNBC cells in soft agar as well as in three-dimensional suspension cultures derived from enriched, stem-like cells. Finally, a nanolipid formulation of CFM-4.16 in combination with doxorubicin had superior efficacy in inhibiting TNBC xenograft growth. Our findings collectively demonstrate therapeutic potential of CFM-4.16 for parental and drug-resistant TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vino T Cheriyan
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Magesh Muthu
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Sreeja Sekhar
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Walajapet Rajeswaran
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core and College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core and College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Lisa Polin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Edi Levi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Arun K Rishi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
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62
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Giuliano CJ, Lin A, Smith JC, Palladino AC, Sheltzer JM. MELK expression correlates with tumor mitotic activity but is not required for cancer growth. eLife 2018; 7:32838. [PMID: 29417930 PMCID: PMC5805410 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) has been identified as a promising therapeutic target in multiple cancer types. MELK over-expression is associated with aggressive disease, and MELK has been implicated in numerous cancer-related processes, including chemotherapy resistance, stem cell renewal, and tumor growth. Previously, we established that triple-negative breast cancer cell lines harboring CRISPR/Cas9-induced null mutations in MELK proliferate at wild-type levels in vitro (Lin et al., 2017). Here, we generate several additional knockout clones of MELK and demonstrate that across cancer types, cells lacking MELK exhibit wild-type growth in vitro, under environmental stress, in the presence of cytotoxic chemotherapies, and in vivo. By combining our MELK-knockout clones with a recently described, highly specific MELK inhibitor, we further demonstrate that the acute inhibition of MELK results in no specific anti-proliferative phenotype. Analysis of gene expression data from cohorts of cancer patients identifies MELK expression as a correlate of tumor mitotic activity, explaining its association with poor clinical prognosis. In total, our results demonstrate the power of CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic approaches to investigate cancer drug targets, and call into question the rationale for treating patients with anti-MELK monotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Lin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | | | - Ann C Palladino
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Jason M Sheltzer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
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63
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Centchroman regulates breast cancer angiogenesis via inhibition of HIF-1α/VEGFR2 signalling axis. Life Sci 2018; 193:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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64
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Cheriyan VT, Alsaab HO, Sekhar S, Stieber C, Kesharwani P, Sau S, Muthu M, Polin LA, Levi E, Iyer AK, Rishi AK. A CARP-1 functional mimetic loaded vitamin E-TPGS micellar nano-formulation for inhibition of renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104928-104945. [PMID: 29285223 PMCID: PMC5739610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) include a combination of surgery, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Emergence of resistant RCCs contributes to failure of drugs and poor prognosis, and thus warrants development of new and improved treatment options for RCCs. Here we generated and characterized RCC cells that are resistant to Everolimus, a frontline mToR-targeted therapy, and tested whether our novel class of CARP-1 functional mimetic (CFM) compounds inhibit parental and Everolimus-resistant RCC cells. CFMs inhibited RCC cell viability in a dose-dependent manner that was comparable to Everolimus treatments. The GI50 dose of Everolimus for parental A498 cells was ∼1.2μM while it was <0.02μM for the parental UOK262 and UOK268 cells. The GI50 dose for Everolimus-resistant A498, UOK262, and UOK268 cells were ≥10.0μM, 1.8-7.0μM, and 7.0-≥10.0μM, respectively. CFM-4 and its novel analog CFM-4.16 inhibited viabilities of Everolimus resistant RCC cells albeit CFM-4.16 was more effective than CFM-4. CFM-dependent loss of RCC cell viabilities was due in part to reduced cyclin B1 levels, activation of pro-apoptotic, stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), and apoptosis. CFM-4.16 suppressed growth of resistant RCC cells in three-dimensional suspension cultures. However, CFMs are hydrophobic and their intravenous administration and dose escalation for in-vivo studies remain challenging. In this study, we encapsulated CFM-4.16 in Vitamin-E TPGS-based- nanomicelles that resulted in its water-soluble formulation with higher CFM-4.16 loading (30% w/w). This CFM-4.16 formulation inhibited viability of parental and Everolimus-resistant RCC cells in vitro, and suppressed growth of parental A498 RCC-cell-derived xenografts in part by stimulating apoptosis. These findings portent promising therapeutic potential of CFM-4.16 for treatment of RCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vino T Cheriyan
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sreeja Sekhar
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Caitlin Stieber
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Present address: Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa, 52314, USA
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Present address: Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Magesh Muthu
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisa A Polin
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Edi Levi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Arun K Rishi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
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65
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Tiran V, Lindenmann J, Brcic L, Heitzer E, Stanzer S, Tabrizi-Wizsy NG, Stacher E, Stoeger H, Popper HH, Balic M, Dandachi N. Primary patient-derived lung adenocarcinoma cell culture challenges the association of cancer stem cells with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10040. [PMID: 28855609 PMCID: PMC5577216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) models have been closely associated and used to describe both the formation of metastasis and therapy resistance. We established a primary lung cell culture from a patient in a clinically rare and unique situation of primary resistant disease. This culture consisted of two biologically profoundly distinct adenocarcinoma cell subpopulations, which differed phenotypically and genotypically. One subpopulation initiated and sustained in spheroid cell culture (LT22s) whereas the other subpopulation was only capable of growth and proliferation under adherent conditions (LT22a). In contrast to our expectations, LT22s were strongly associated with the epithelial phenotype, and expressed additionally CSC markers ALDH1 and CD133, whereas the LT22a was characterized as mesenchymal with lack of CSC markers. The LT22s cells also demonstrated an invasive behavior and mimicked gland formation. Finally, LT22s were more resistant to Cisplatin than LT22a cells. We demonstrate a primary lung adenocarcinoma cell culture derived from a patient with resistant disease, with epithelial aggressive subpopulation of cells associated with stem cell features and therapy resistance. Our findings challenge the current model associating CSC and disease resistance mainly to mesenchymal cells and may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Tiran
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Joerg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Luka Brcic
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Stanzer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Elvira Stacher
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Stoeger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut H Popper
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Marija Balic
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Nadia Dandachi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit Epigenetic and Genetic Cancer Biomarkers, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
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66
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Leng Z, Yang Z, Li L, Zhong X, Zhou H, Li Y, Yang G, Zhang G, Xiong Y, Zhou T, Li J, Wang D, Li J. A reliable method for the sorting and identification of ALDH high cancer stem cells by flow cytometry. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2801-2808. [PMID: 28912842 PMCID: PMC5585719 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare tumorigenic population of cells found in multiple types of cancer. It has been suggested that CSCs are responsible for cancer drug resistance, metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, it is important to develop techniques to correctly sort and identify CSCs. In the current study, the sorting and identification of aldehyde dehydrogenase high (ALDHhigh) CSCs was performed using flow cytometry. Cells from three colon cancer cell lines were cultured in serum-free medium to obtain CSCs-enriched spheroid cells. Subsequently, two subpopulations of ALDHhigh CSCs were isolated by flow cytometry either with the use of propidium iodide (PI) or not, respectively. The two subpopulations of ALDHhigh CSCs exhibited distinct characteristics, including stem cell related gene expression, self-renewal capacity and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Key regulators of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including vimentin, snail and slug were highly expressed in ALDHhigh CSCs. Therefore, the current study indicates that PI staining prior to the sorting of ALDHhigh CSCs by flow cytometry is an appropriate system for the study of CSCs. The current study also demonstrated that there was partial overlap between the transcriptional programs underlying the EMT and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Leng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Lifa Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - He Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Guangjun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Yongfu Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Jianshui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Jingdong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
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67
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Halfter K, Mayer B. Bringing 3D tumor models to the clinic - predictive value for personalized medicine. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28098436 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current decision-guiding algorithms in cancer drug treatment are based on decades of research and numerous clinical trials. For the majority of patients, this data is successfully applied for a systemic disease management. For a number of patients however, treatment stratification according to clinically based risk criteria will not be sufficient. The most effective treatment options are ideally identified prior to the start of clinical drug therapy. This review will discuss the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models as a preclinical testing paradigm for the efficacy of clinical cancer treatment. Patient tumor-derived cells in 3D cultures duplicate the individual tumor microenvironment with a minimum of confounding factors. Clinical implementation of such personalized tumor models requires a high quality of methodological and clinical validation comparable to other biomarkers. A non-systematic literature search demonstrated the small number of prospective studies that have been conducted in this area of research. This may explain the current reluctance of many physicians and insurance providers in implementing this type of assay into the clinical diagnostic routine despite potential benefit for patients. Achieving valid and reproducible results with a high level of evidence is central in improving the acceptance of preclinical 3D tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Mayer
- SpheroTec GmbH, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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68
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AurkA controls self-renewal of breast cancer-initiating cells promoting wnt3a stabilization through suppression of miR-128. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28436. [PMID: 27341528 PMCID: PMC4920028 DOI: 10.1038/srep28436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AurkA overexpression was previously found in breast cancer and associated to its ability in controlling chromosome segregation during mitosis, however whether it may affect breast cancer cells, endorsed with stem properties (BCICs), is still unclear. Surprisingly, a strong correlation between AurkA expression and β-catenin localization in breast cancer tissues suggested a link between AurkA and Wnt signaling. In our study, AurkA knock-down reduced wnt3a mRNA and suppressed metastatic signature of MDA-MB-231 cells. As a consequence, the amount of BCICs and their migratory capability dramatically decreased. Conversely, wnt3a mRNA stabilization and increased CD44(+)/CD24(low/-) subpopulation was found in AurkA-overexpressing MCF7 cells. In vivo, AurkA-overexpressing primary breast cancer cells showed higher tumorigenic properties. Interestingly, we found that AurkA suppressed the expression of miR-128, inhibitor of wnt3a mRNA stabilization. Namely, miR-128 suppression realized after AurkA binding to Snail. Remarkably, a strong correlation between AurkA and miR-128 expression in breast cancer tissues confirmed our findings. This study provides novel insights into an undisclosed role for the kinase AurkA in self-renewal and migration of BCICs affecting response to cancer therapies, metastatic spread and recurrence. In addition, it suggests a new therapeutic strategy taking advantage of miR-128 to suppress AurkA-Wnt3a signaling.
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69
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Xu L, Zhang L, Hu C, Liang S, Fei X, Yan N, Zhang Y, Zhang F. WNT pathway inhibitor pyrvinium pamoate inhibits the self-renewal and metastasis of breast cancer stem cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1175-86. [PMID: 26781188 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of chemoresistance and metastatic phenotype are the major causes of breast cancer treatment failure and cancer-related mortality. Recently, a plethora of experimental and clinical studies points toward a central role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the chemoresistance and metastasis. In the present study, we demonstrated that pyrvinium pamoate (PP), an anthelmintic drug, inhibited proliferation of different subtypes of breast cancer cells (luminal: MCF-7, claudin-low: MDA-MB‑231, basal-like: MDA-MB‑468 and Her-2 enriched: SkBr-3) as a novel WNT pathway inhibitor. Additionally, PP was also shown to inhibit self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and decrease both CD44+CD24-/low and ALDH-positive BCSCs content in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Besides, the metastatic potential and expression of EMT markers (such as N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail) were also found suppressed by PP. By using a xenograft model, we next tested the efficacy of PP on tumorigenicity of MDA-MB‑231, one of the most aggressive breast cancer cell lines, and we observed PP significantly delayed tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, in-depth analysis revealed that PP caused inhibition of WNT pathway activity and stemness regulator expression including NANOG, SOX2 and OCT4, which were inherently upregulated in the BCSCs as compared with the bulk of cells within the tumor. Collectively, our findings provide direct evidence for PP serving as a promising high-yield agent targeting BCSCs and cancer heterogeneity. Therefore, strategies combining PP with standard chemotherapy drugs which fail to eliminate the BCSCs hold promise to overcome BCSCs associated treatment resistance and achieve a better therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Shujing Liang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Yan
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & SJTUSM, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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70
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Van Pham P, Vu BT, Lu-Chinh Phan N, Le HT, Phan NK. In vitro spontaneous differentiation of human breast cancer stem cells and methods to control this process. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-015-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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71
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Johnston PG, Zucker I. Lability and diversity of circadian rhythms of cotton rats Sigmodon hispidus. Sci Rep 1983; 9:236. [PMID: 30659204 PMCID: PMC6338744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor initiating cells (TIC) have been suggested as a mechanism for driving chemoresistance and tumor recurrence in human cancers including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Significant progress has been made in targeting TICs. However, methods for simultaneously targeting heterogeneous TIC populations are lacking. In this study, we found that treating TNBC cells with chemotherapeutic agents led to a significant accumulation of the ALDH+ TIC population. Treating TNBC cells with a disulfiram and copper mixture (DSF/Cu) specifically decreased the ALDH+ TIC population and treatment with BKM120, a pan-PI3K inhibitor, significantly decreased the CD44+/CD24− TIC population. Furthermore, treatment with DSF/Cu or BKM120 induced higher levels of apoptosis in ALDH+ or CD44+/CD24− populations, respectively, than in bulk tumor cells. Combining DSF/Cu and BKM120 treatment simultaneously decreased the ALDH+ and CD44+/CD24− TICs. Using a TNBC tumor xenograft mouse model, we found that DSF/BKM in combination with Taxol significantly reduced the tumor burden and delayed tumor recurrence compared to Taxol treatment alone. Our study is the first of its kind to use two different drugs to abolish two major TIC subtypes simultaneously and inhibit tumor recurrence. These results lay a foundation for developing a novel therapy that can improve chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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72
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Crabtree JS, Miele L. [Modification of a micromethod for determining leukocyte migration inhibition and its significance in oncological patients]. Biomedicines 1981; 6:biomedicines6030077. [PMID: 30018256 PMCID: PMC6163894 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) have been implicated in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to therapy. The origins of BCSCs remain controversial due to tumor heterogeneity and the presence of such small side populations for study, but nonetheless, cell surface markers and their correlation with BCSC functionality continue to be identified. BCSCs are driven by persistent activation of developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, Hippo, and Hedgehog and new treatment strategies that are aimed at these pathways are in preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy S Crabtree
- Department of Genetics and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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