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Murai T, Jin S, Itoh M, Horie Y, Higashi T, Ikegawa S. Analysis of steryl glucosides in rice bran-based fermented food by LC/ESI-MS/MS. Steroids 2020; 158:108605. [PMID: 32084504 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Steryl glucosides (SGs) and acylated steryl glucosides (ASGs) are phytochemicals found in plant-based foods and are known as bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. These include anti-inflammatory properties, anti-diabetic effects, and modulation of immunoregulatory functions as well as having cholesterol lowering effects. In this study, three major SGs, i.e., glucosides of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol, were synthesized and used as standards for measurement of their contents in rice bran (RB)-based fermented food (FBRA) utilizing Aspergillus oryzae and raw material (RM). The compounds were quantified using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. It was found that β-sitosteryl glucoside was most abundant among the analyzed glucosides in both samples, and the contents of each SG in FBRA decreased about 35% from those of RM. In contrast to SGs, the contents of ASGs in FBRA increased 1.5-fold during the fermentation process as evidenced by an alkaline hydrolysis. The present results suggest that the FBRA might have greater beneficial effects than the RM, since ASGs have shown to have more potent cholesterol lowering effects and stronger anti-diabetic properties than SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Murai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Shigeki Jin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Mari Itoh
- Koken Co. Ltd., 329, Nakagoya, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0211, Japan
| | - Yukiko Horie
- Koken Co. Ltd., 329, Nakagoya, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0211, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ikegawa
- Genmaikoso Co. Ltd., Kita 12, Nishi 1, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0012, Japan.
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Faizah F, Kusnandar F, Nurjanah S. SENYAWA FENOLIK, ORYZANOL, DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN BEKATUL YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN Rhizopus oryzae. JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN INDUSTRI PANGAN 2020. [DOI: 10.6066/jtip.2020.31.1.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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53
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Song JL, Lee JS, Kim HY, Jeong BJ, Jeong JS, Huh TG, Park KY. Dietary Mixed Cereal Grains Ameliorate the Azoxymethane and Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colonic Carcinogenesis in C57BL/6J Mice. J Med Food 2020; 23:440-452. [PMID: 32186945 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemopreventive effects of various mixed cereal grain (MCG) samples on azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 0.02 g/mL)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in C57BL/6J mice were studied. The main MCG preparation consisted of fermented brown rice (FBR), glutinous brown rice, glutinous Sorghum bicolor, glutinous Panicum miliaceum, Coix lacryma-jobi, and black soybean at an appropriate mixing ratio. Other MCG preparations contained rice coated with 5% Phellinus linteus and 5% Curcuma longa (MCG-PC) or 10% Phellinus linteus (MCG-P) or 10% Curcuma longa (MCG-C). Consumption of dietary MCG-PC by CRC mice significantly increased colon length, decreased the ratio of colon weight to length, and reduced the number of colon tumors. Similar effects, although to a lower extent, were observed in CRC mice fed with MCG-P, followed by those fed with MCG-C, MCG, FBR, or white rice. MCG-PC significantly suppressed colonic neoplasia and decreased the levels of various cytokines (tumor necrosis factor: Tnf, interleukin 1 beta: Il1b, interleukin 6: Il6, and interferon gamma: Ifnγ) in serum and colon tissue of the CRC mice. In addition, MCG-PC increased the mRNA expressions of tumor suppressor protein p53 (Tp53) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (Cdkn1a), activated pro-apoptotic caspase 3 (Casp3), and reduced expressions of both mRNA and protein of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), and cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) in colon tissue. These findings suggest that compared with other cereal grain preparations, MCG-PC had a greater activity against AOM/DSS-induced CRC by reducing intestinal inflammation and modulating the expression of certain carcinogenesis related factors (Nos2, Ptgs2, Tp53, Cdkn1a, Ccnd1, and Casp3) in colon tissue of CRC mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Le Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jung-Sook Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hee-Young Kim
- Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Kun-Young Park
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea
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54
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Zou Y, Ju X, Chen W, Yuan J, Wang Z, Aluko RE, He R. Rice bran attenuated obesity via alleviating dyslipidemia, browning of white adipocytes and modulating gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:2406-2417. [PMID: 32129359 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01524h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become an international public health problem. In this study, an obese mice diet was supplemented with raw rice bran (RRB) or infrared radiation-stabilized rice bran (IRRB) to investigate the attenuation of obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet with and without rice bran supplementation (300 mg per kg body weight per day) by oral gavage for 39 days to investigate the obesity preventive effect. The results indicate that different rice bran supplements reduced body weight, relative adipose tissue weight, inflammation, and serum parameters, and relieve liver steatosis to varying degrees. The data of real-time qPCR and western blots (WB) showed that rice bran activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increased white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. Rice bran also reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and enhanced the relative abundance of Akkermansia. In summary, our findings suggest that rice bran intervention played a significant role in reducing dyslipidemia, alleviating inflammation, enhancing thermogenesis and modulating gut microbiota for the prevention and control of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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55
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Verma DK, Srivastav PP. Bioactive compounds of rice (Oryza sativa L.): Review on paradigm and its potential benefit in human health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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56
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Phytochemicals and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Change Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010105. [PMID: 31936288 PMCID: PMC7022462 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevailing global health disease with a high incidence rate which varies by region. It is a huge economic burden on health care providers. GI cancer affects different organs in the body such as the gastric organs, colon, esophagus, intestine, and pancreas. Internal and external factors like smoking, obesity, urbanization, genetic mutations, and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viral infections could increase the risk of GI cancer. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in fruits, grains, and vegetables. Consumption of phytochemicals may protect against chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Multiple studies have assessed the chemoprotective effect of selected phytochemicals in GI cancer, offering support to their potential towards reducing the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge addressing the anti-cancerous effects of selected dietary phytochemicals on GI cancer and their molecular activities on selected mechanisms, i.e., nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), detoxification enzymes, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), wingless-related integration site/β-catenin (wingless-related integration site (Wnt) β-catenin, cell apoptosis, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/ protein kinase B AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In this review phytochemicals were classified into four main categories: (i) carotenoids, including lutein, lycopene, and β-carotene; (ii) proanthocyanidins, including quercetin and ellagic acid; (iii) organosulfur compounds, including allicin, allyl propyl disulphide, asparagusic acid, and sulforaphane; and (iv) other phytochemicals including pectin, curcumins, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Overall, phytochemicals improve cancer prognosis through the downregulation of β-catenin phosphorylation, therefore enhancing apoptosis, and upregulation of the AMPK pathway, which supports cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of cancer treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.
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57
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Li SC, Lin HP, Chang JS, Shih CK. Lactobacillus acidophilus-Fermented Germinated Brown Rice Suppresses Preneoplastic Lesions of the Colon in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2718. [PMID: 31717536 PMCID: PMC6893647 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer associated with chronic inflammation. Whole grains and probiotics play a protective role against CRC. Fermented grains are receiving increased attention due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Our previous study found that a combination of germinated brown rice (GBR) with probiotics suppressed colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. However, the cancer-preventive effect of probiotic-fermented GBR has not been reported. This study investigated the preventive effect and possible mechanism of GBR fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus (FGBR) on colorectal carcinogenesis in rats induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). DMH/DSS treatment induced preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF), elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, as well as decreased pro-apoptotic Bax expression. GBR and FGBR reduced the primary ACF number and decreased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels. GBR and FGBR at the 2.5% level increased pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 and decreased anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expressions. FGBR at the 2.5% level further reduced the number of sialomucin-producing ACF (SIM-ACF) and increased Bax expression. These results suggest that FGBR may inhibit preneoplastic lesions of the colon via activating the apoptotic pathway. This fermented rice product may have the potential to be developed as a novel dietary supplement for CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Chung Li
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.); (J.-S.C.)
| | - Han-Pei Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.); (J.-S.C.)
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.); (J.-S.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.); (J.-S.C.)
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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58
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TANAKA T, OYAMA T, SUGIE S. Dietary Tricin Suppresses Inflammation-Related Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:S100-S103. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuji TANAKA
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) & Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital
| | - Takeru OYAMA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Shigeyuku SUGIE
- Department of Pathology, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, School of Dentistry
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59
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Nealon NJ, Parker KD, Lahaie P, Ibrahim H, Maurya AK, Raina K, Ryan EP. Bifidobacterium longum-fermented rice bran and rice bran supplementation affects the gut microbiome and metabolome. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:823-839. [PMID: 31965839 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated gut microbiota composition along with food, host, and microbial derived metabolites in the colon and systemic circulation of healthy mice following dietary rice bran and fermented rice bran intake. Adult male BALB/c mice were fed a control diet or one of two experimental diets containing 10% w/w rice bran fermented by Bifidobacterium longum or 10% w/w non-fermented rice bran for 15 weeks. Metabolomics was performed on the study diets (food), the murine colon and whole blood. These were analysed in concert with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of faeces, caecum, and colon microbiomes. Principal components analysis of murine microbiota composition displayed marked separation between control and experimental diets, and between faecal and tissue (caecum and colon) microbiomes. Colon and caecal microbiomes in both experimental diet groups showed enrichment of Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiales related amplicon sequence variants compared to control. Bacterial composition was largely similar between experimental diets. Metabolite profiling revealed 530 small molecules comprising of 39% amino acids and 21% lipids that had differential abundances across food, colon, and blood matrices, and statistically significant between the control, rice bran, and fermented rice bran groups. The amino acid metabolite, N-delta-acetylornithine, was notably increased by B. longum rice bran fermentation when compared to non-fermented rice bran in food, colon, and blood. These findings support that dietary intake of rice bran fermented with B. longum modulates multiple metabolic pathways important to the gut and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Nealon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80521 CO, USA
| | - K D Parker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - P Lahaie
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - H Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.,Zagazig University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - A K Maurya
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - K Raina
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - E P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80521 CO, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Control and Prevention, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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60
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Chariyakornkul A, Punvittayagul C, Taya S, Wongpoomchai R. Inhibitory effect of purple rice husk extract on AFB 1-induced micronucleus formation in rat liver through modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:237. [PMID: 31481128 PMCID: PMC6724366 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Rice husk, a waste material produced during milling, contains numerous phytochemicals that may be sources of cancer chemopreventive agents. Various biological activities of white and colored rice husk have been reported. However, there are few comparative studies of the cancer chemopreventive effects of white and colored rice husk. Methods This study investigated the cancer chemopreventive activities of two different colors of rice husk using in vitro and in vivo models. A bacterial mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 was performed; enzyme induction activity in murine hepatoma cells was measured, and a liver micronucleus test was performed in male Wistar rats. Results The white rice husk (WRHE) and purple rice husk (PRHE) extracts were not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 or TA100 in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. However, the extracts exhibited antimutagenicity against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and 2-amino-3,4 dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolone (MeIQ) in a Salmonella mutation assay. The extracts also induced anticarcinogenic enzyme activity in a murine Hepa1c1c7 hepatoma cell line. Interestingly, PRHE but not WRHE exhibited antigenotoxicity in the rat liver micronucleus test. PRHE significantly decreased the number of micronucleated hepatocytes in AFB1-initiated rats. PRHE contained higher amounts of phenolic compounds and vitamin E than WRHE in both tocopherols and tocotrienols as well as polyphenol such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid. Furthermore, PRHE increased CYP1A1 and 1A2 activities while decreasing CYP3A2 activity in the livers of AFB1-treated rats. PRHE also enhanced various detoxifying enzyme activities, including glutathione S-transferase, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase. Conclusions PRHE showed potent cancer chemopreventive activity in a rat liver micronucleus assay through modulation of phase I and II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes involved in AFB1 metabolism. Vitamin E and phenolic compounds may be candidate antimutagens in purple rice husk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2647-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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61
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Pruksasri S, Wollinger KK, Novalin S. Transformation of rice bran into single-cell protein, extracted protein, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, and minerals. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5044-5049. [PMID: 30980414 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is evident that, during the conversion of agricultural sidestreams into valuable substances, a complete utilization is necessary for economic reasons. The present study investigated the transformation of defatted rice bran into proteins (single cell and extracted protein), soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, and minerals. RESULTS In a process chain, starch/glucose was enzymatically extracted and converted into single cell protein (Chlorella sorokiniana). Then, rice bran proteins were extracted and partially precipitated. The remaining liquid was ultrafiltered (3 kDa) to obtain a further protein fraction and minerals. The protein fraction contained a considerable amount of soluble dietary fiber. With these steps, around 69% of the rice bran was transformed, resulting in three protein fractions with an average purity of approximately 45% and minerals with a purity of approximately 63%. In a subsequent process, the remaining cake was disintegrated at 95 °C and pH 2. A further 12% of the rice bran could be liquefied. After centrifugation, the supernatant was subjected to ultrafiltration (3 kDa) to obtain soluble dietary fiber in the retentate and minerals in the permeate. However, only around 2% of the rice bran was converted into soluble dietary fiber, whereas the remainder comprised a mixture of minerals and monomeric sugars. CONCLUSION The process chain can be rearranged and optimized especially to increase the output of soluble dietary fiber and proteins as a result of using the digested monomeric sugars for algae cultivation. At the end of the process, 18% of rice bran remained as an insoluble dietary fiber fraction. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwattana Pruksasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kristoffer Kurt Wollinger
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Senad Novalin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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62
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Abbasi BA, Iqbal J, Ahmad R, Bibi S, Mahmood T, Kanwal S, Bashir S, Gul F, Hameed S. Potential phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of esophagus cancer: A green therapeutic approach. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:644-652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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63
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Bodie AR, Micciche AC, Atungulu GG, Rothrock MJ, Ricke SC. Current Trends of Rice Milling Byproducts for Agricultural Applications and Alternative Food Production Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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64
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Dokkaew A, Punvittayagul C, Insuan O, Limtrakul Dejkriengkraikul P, Wongpoomchai R. Protective Effects of Defatted Sticky Rice Bran Extracts on the Early Stages of Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112142. [PMID: 31174320 PMCID: PMC6600176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of natural products is one strategy to lessen cancer incidence. Rice bran, especially from colored rice, contains high antioxidant activity. Cancer chemopreventive effects of hydrophilic purple rice bran extract (PRBE) and white rice bran extract (WRBE) on carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesion formation in livers of rats were investigated. A 15-week administration of PRBE and WRBE did not induce hepatic glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci formation as the biomarker of rat hepatocarcinogenesis. PRBE and WRBE at 500 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased number and size of GST-P positive foci in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated rats. The number of proliferating nuclear antigen positive hepatocytes were also reduced in preneoplastic lesions in both PRBE and WRBE fed DEN-treated rats. Notably, the inhibitory effect on GST-P positive foci formation induced by DEN during the initiation stage was found only in rats treated by PRBE for five weeks. Furthermore, PRBE attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines involving genes including TNF-α, iNOS, and NF-κB. PBRE contained a higher number of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds and vitamin E. PRBE might protect DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats via attenuation of cellular inflammation and cell proliferation. Anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds, as well as vitamin E, might play a role in cancer chemopreventive activity in rice bran extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphisit Dokkaew
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Charatda Punvittayagul
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
- Functional Food Research Center for Well-being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Orapin Insuan
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
| | - Pornngarm Limtrakul Dejkriengkraikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Functional Food Research Center for Well-being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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65
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Zarei I, Oppel RC, Borresen EC, Brown RJ, Ryan EP. Modulation of plasma and urine metabolome in colorectal cancer survivors consuming rice bran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 6. [PMID: 31396400 DOI: 10.15761/ifnm.1000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran has bioactive phytochemicals with cancer protective actions that involve metabolism by the host and the gut microbiome. Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death and the increased incidence is largely attributed to poor dietary patterns, including low daily fiber intake. A dietary intervention trial was performed to investigate the impact of rice bran consumption on the plasma and urine metabolome of CRC survivors. Nineteen CRC survivors participated in a randomized-controlled trial that included consumption of heat-stabilized rice bran (30 g/day) or a control diet without rice bran for 4 weeks. A fasting plasma and first void of the morning urine sample were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). After 4 weeks of either rice bran or control diets, 12 plasma and 16 urine metabolites were significantly different between the groups (p≤0.05). Rice bran intake increased relative abundance of plasma mannose (1.373-fold) and beta-citrylglutamate (BCG) (1.593-fold), as well as increased urine N-formylphenylalanine (2.191-fold) and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (4.488-fold). Diet affected metabolites, such as benzoate, mannose, eicosapentaenoate (20:5n3) (EPA), and N-formylphenylalanine have been previously reported for cancer protection and were identified from the rice bran food metabolome. Nutritional metabolome changes following increased consumption of whole grains such as rice bran warrants continued investigation for colon cancer control and prevention attributes as dietary biomarkers for positive effects are needed to reduce high risk for colorectal cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Zarei
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Renee C Oppel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Erica C Borresen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Regina J Brown
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Taherian M, Mahin Samadi P, Rastegar H, Faramarzi MA, Rostami-Nejad M, Yazdi MH, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Yazdi Z. An Overview on Probiotics as an Alternative Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Human Diseases. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:31-50. [PMID: 32802088 PMCID: PMC7393061 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112232.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are viable and useful microorganisms, which are beneficial factors for human and animal health by altering their microbial flora. Most of the probiotics belong to a large group of bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract. There are several clinical shreds of evidence that show anti-carcinogenic effects of probiotics through altering digestive enzymes, inhibition of carcinogenic agents, and modulating the immune responses in experimental animals. Many studies have been performed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of probiotics in treating or preventing neurological diseases such as MS and novel treatment modality for T1D. The purpose of this study is to have an overview on probiotic microorganisms and to review the previous researches on the effects of probiotics on health through currently available literatures. The study was performed using following keywords; Probiotics, Cancer, Immune system, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Diabetes mellitus. PubMed/Medline, Clinicaltrials.gov, Ovid, Google Scholar, and Reaxcys databases used to find the full text of related articles. According to the current available data on probiotics and related health-promoting benefits, it seems that, consumption of probiotics can lead to the prevention and reduction the risk of cancer, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Although for the better and more decisive conclusion, there is a need to larger sample size clinical studies with more focus on the safety of these biological agents and their possible beneficial effects on different population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Taherian
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Iran Food and Drug Organization (FDO), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pariya Mahin Samadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Rastegar
- Food and Drug Cosmetic Research Center, Iran Food and Drug Organization (FDO), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Yazdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Evidence-based Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Yazdi
- Department of Medicine and epidemiology, School of veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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67
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Kuno T, Kato H, Naiki-Ito A, Suzuki S, Tanaka T, Takahashi S, Mori H. Preventive Effects of Fermented Brown Rice and Rice Bran on Spontaneous Lymphomagenesis in AKR/NSlc Female Mice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3217-3223. [PMID: 30486615 PMCID: PMC6318401 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented brown rice and rice bran with Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA) is known to possess potentials to prevent chemical carcinogenesis in multiple organs of rodents. In the present study, possible chemopreventive effect of FBRA against spontaneous occurrence of lymphomas was examined using female AKR/NSlc mice. Four-week-old female AKR/NSlc mice were divided into three groups, and fed diets containing FBRA for 26 weeks at a dose level 0% (Group 1), 5% (Group 2) or 10% (Group 3). At the termination of experiment, the incidence of thymic malignant lymphoma of Group 3 was significantly lower than of Group 1 (p < 0.05). The average number of apoptotic cells of the thymic lymphoma of Group 3 was significantly larger than that of Group 1 (p < 0.05). In addition, the incidences of malignant lymphoma arising from body surface and abdominal lymph nodes, and the frequencies of lymphoma cell invasion to liver, kidney, spleen, and ovary of Group 3 were relatively lower than those of Group 1. These results indicate that FBRA inhibits spontaneous development of the lymphoma in female AKR/NSc mice and the inhibition of lymphomagenesis may relate to the induction of apoptosis by exposure of FBRA, suggesting that FBRA could be a protective agent against development of human lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Kuno
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Nagoya, Japan.
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68
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Huang H, Wang Z, Aalim H, Limwachiranon J, Li L, Duan Z, Ren G, Luo Z. Green recovery of phenolic compounds from rice byproduct (rice bran) using glycerol based on viscosity, conductivity and density. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Zhenni Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Halah Aalim
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jarukitt Limwachiranon
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Zhenhua Duan
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou China
| | - Guoping Ren
- Hangzhou Wanxiang Polytechnic Huawu Road 3 Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri‐Food Processing Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
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69
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Zarei I, Luna E, Leach JE, McClung A, Vilchez S, Koita O, Ryan EP. Comparative Rice Bran Metabolomics across Diverse Cultivars and Functional Rice Gene⁻Bran Metabolite Relationships. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040063. [PMID: 30304872 PMCID: PMC6315861 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) processing yields ~60 million metric tons of bran annually. Rice genes producing bran metabolites of nutritional and human health importance were assessed across 17 diverse cultivars from seven countries using non-targeted metabolomics, and resulted in 378–430 metabolites. Gambiaka cultivar had the highest number and Njavara had the lowest number of metabolites. The 71 rice bran compounds of significant variation by cultivar included 21 amino acids, seven carbohydrates, two metabolites from cofactors and vitamins, 33 lipids, six nucleotides, and two secondary metabolites. Tryptophan, α-ketoglutarate, γ-tocopherol/β-tocopherol, and γ-tocotrienol are examples of bran metabolites with extensive cultivar variation and genetic information. Thirty-four rice bran components that varied between cultivars linked to 535 putative biosynthetic genes using to the OryzaCyc 4.0, Plant Metabolic Network database. Rice genes responsible for bran composition with animal and human health importance is available for rice breeding programs to utilize in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Zarei
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Emily Luna
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Jan E Leach
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Anna McClung
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA.
| | - Samuel Vilchez
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León 21000, Nicaragua.
| | - Ousmane Koita
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali.
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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70
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Kim SY, Seo D, Yoo M, Lee KG. Analysis of Arsenic Species in Processed Rice Bran Products Using HPLC-ICP-MS. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2682-2687. [PMID: 30211953 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the content of arsenic species (As(V), monomethylarsonic acid [MMA], As(III), and dimethylarsinic acid [DMA]) in products, such as bran powder and tablets, using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and to determine the risk of human exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs). The products presented As(III) > As(V) > DMA > MMA, at 241.03 to 579.35, 43.41 to 271.91, 15.16 to 30.43, and limit of quantification to 14.31 μg/kg, respectively. The contents of arsenic species tended to differ among the products (P < 0.05). When the maximum level (0.2 mg/kg) of iAs in white rice was applied to products, it exceeded 1.4 to 3.3 times as 284.43 to 767.10 μg/kg. Also, if more than 109.42 g/day of rice bran powder product containing 767.10 μg/kg as iAs was ingested, the provisional tolerable weekly intake (9.0 μg/kg body weight/wk) was exceeded. PRACTICAL APPLICATION This study could provide analysis necessary of As for defining an accurate risk assessment of products and tablets containing rice bran powder. In addition with this study, the regulations for As contents in rice bran power products would be set.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk Univ.-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Food Analysis Center, Div. of Strategic Food Research, Korea Food Research Inst., 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Seo
- Food Analysis Center, Div. of Strategic Food Research, Korea Food Research Inst., 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Yoo
- Food Analysis Center, Div. of Strategic Food Research, Korea Food Research Inst., 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Geun Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk Univ.-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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71
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Montagnani Marelli M, Marzagalli M, Fontana F, Raimondi M, Moretti RM, Limonta P. Anticancer properties of tocotrienols: A review of cellular mechanisms and molecular targets. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1147-1164. [PMID: 30066964 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is composed of two groups of compounds: α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (TPs), and the corresponding unsaturated tocotrienols (TTs). TTs are found in natural sources such as red palm oil, annatto seeds, and rice bran. In the last decades, TTs (specifically, γ-TT and δ-TT) have gained interest due to their health benefits in chronic diseases, based on their antioxidant, neuroprotective, cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory activities. Several in vitro and in vivo studies pointed out that TTs also exert a significant antitumor activity in a wide range of cancer cells. Specifically, TTs were shown to exert antiproliferative/proapoptotic effects and to reduce the metastatic or angiogenic properties of different cancer cells; moreover, these compounds were reported to specifically target the subpopulation of cancer stem cells, known to be deeply involved in the development of resistance to standard therapies. Interestingly, recent studies pointed out that TTs exert a synergistic antitumor effect on cancer cells when given in combination with either standard antitumor agents (i.e., chemotherapeutics, statins, "targeted" therapies) or natural compounds with anticancer activity (i.e., sesamin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, ferulic acid). Based on these observations, different TT synthetic derivatives and formulations were recently developed and demonstrated to improve TT water solubility and to reduce TT metabolism in cancer cells, thus increasing their biological activity. These promising results, together with the safety of TT administration in healthy subjects, suggest that these compounds might represent a new chemopreventive or anticancer treatment (i.e., in combination with standard therapies) strategy. Clinical trials aimed at confirming this antitumor activity of TTs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Manuela Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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72
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Calvo-Castro LA, Sus N, Schiborr C, Bosy-Westphal A, Duran ML, Fesenmeyer D, Fesenmeyer G, Frank J. Pharmacokinetics of vitamin E, γ-oryzanol, and ferulic acid in healthy humans after the ingestion of a rice bran-enriched porridge prepared with water or with milk. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2099-2110. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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73
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Phytic acid improves intestinal mucosal barrier damage and reduces serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colorectal cancer model. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:121-130. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhytic acid (PA) has been demonstrated to have a potent anticarcinogenic activity against colorectal cancer (CRC). Defects of the intestinal mucosal barrier and inflammation processes are involved in the development and progression of CRC. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of PA on the intestinal mucosal barrier and proinflammatory cytokines. After a 1-week acclimatisation period, sixty Wistar male rats were divided into the following five groups, with twelve rats per group: the control group (CG), model group (MG), low-PA-dose group (0·25 g/kg per d), middle-PA-dose group (0·5 g/kg per d), and high-PA-dose group (1 g/kg per d). 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a dosage of 30 mg/kg of body weight was injected weekly to induce CRC for 18 weeks. We examined the expression of genes related to the intestinal mucosal barrier in the model. The results demonstrated that tumour incidence was decreased following PA treatment. The mRNA and protein expression of mucin 2 (MUC2), trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) and E-cadherin in the MG were significantly lower than those in the CG (P<0·05). The mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1 in the MG were significantly higher than those in the CG (P<0·05). PA elevated the mRNA and protein expression of MUC2, TFF3 and E-cadherin, and diminished the mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1. Furthermore, PA decreased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which included TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. In conclusion, this study suggests that PA has favourable effects on the intestinal mucosal barrier and may reduce serum proinflammatory cytokine levels.
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74
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Li B, Zhao L, Xu B, Deng B, Liu Y, Dong Y. Rice bran real-time stabilisation technology with flowing microwave radiation: its impact on rancidity and some bioactive compounds. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2016.0982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China P.R
| | - L. Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 201 Xuefu Rou, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China P.R
| | - B. Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 201 Xuefu Rou, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China P.R
| | - B. Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China P.R
| | - Y. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China P.R
| | - Y. Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 201 Xuefu Rou, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China P.R
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75
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Kurtys E, Eisel ULM, Hageman RJJ, Verkuyl JM, Broersen LM, Dierckx RAJO, de Vries EFJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of rice bran components. Nutr Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kurtys
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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76
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Sim JH, Tian F, Jung SY, Auh JH, Chun HS. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of the zearalenone chemotype of Fusarium species in white and brown rice. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 269:120-127. [PMID: 29425859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of the zearalenone (ZEA) chemotype of Fusarium species could be a precautionary measure for preventing ZEA contamination in rice. In this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay for detecting ZEA-producing fungi in rice was established using a set of four primers targeting the ZEA biosynthesis genes PKS3, PKS13, ZEB1, and ZEB2. Two mPCR approaches were used: one that amplified the DNA obtained from Fusarium isolates (conventional method) and another that directly amplified the target DNA from rice samples without time-consuming DNA isolation (direct method). The two mPCR methods showed high sensitivity in detecting ZEA-producing species, with a detection limit of 1.25 pg/μL of genomic DNA and 102 and 103 spores/g of white and brown rice, respectively. Both methods were specific for ZEA-producing species and gave four band patterns. The application of the two mPCR methods to 51 Fusarium isolates and 41 rice samples revealed that 31% (16 of 51) and 24% (10 of 41) of the samples were contaminated with ZEA-producing species, respectively. The mPCR results were further evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography; in general, the two methods yielded similar results. These findings indicate that both mPCR methods are suitable for the detection of ZEA-producing Fusarium species in white and brown rice; however, the direct method yielded more rapid results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Sim
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Fei Tian
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Jung
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyuck Auh
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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77
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Sardana RK, Chhikara N, Tanwar B, Panghal A. Dietary impact on esophageal cancer in humans: a review. Food Funct 2018; 9:1967-1977. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01908d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Foods and the risk of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Khosla Sardana
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- Jalandhar- 144411
- India
| | - Navnidhi Chhikara
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- Jalandhar- 144411
- India
| | - Beenu Tanwar
- Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology
- Mehsana-384002
- India
| | - Anil Panghal
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- Jalandhar- 144411
- India
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78
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Zarei I, Brown DG, Nealon NJ, Ryan EP. Rice Bran Metabolome Contains Amino Acids, Vitamins & Cofactors, and Phytochemicals with Medicinal and Nutritional Properties. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 10:24. [PMID: 28547736 PMCID: PMC5453916 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice bran is a functional food that has shown protection against major chronic diseases (e.g. obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer) in animals and humans, and these health effects have been associated with the presence of bioactive phytochemicals. Food metabolomics uses multiple chromatography and mass spectrometry platforms to detect and identify a diverse range of small molecules with high sensitivity and precision, and has not been completed for rice bran. RESULTS This study utilized global, non-targeted metabolomics to identify small molecules in rice bran, and conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature to determine bioactive compounds. Three U.S. rice varieties (Calrose, Dixiebelle, and Neptune), that have been used for human dietary intervention trials, were assessed herein for bioactive compounds that have disease control and prevention properties. The profiling of rice bran by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 453 distinct phytochemicals, 209 of which were classified as amino acids, cofactors & vitamins, and secondary metabolites, and were further assessed for bioactivity. A scientific literature search revealed 65 compounds with health properties, 16 of which had not been previously identified in rice bran. This suite of amino acids, cofactors & vitamins, and secondary metabolites comprised 46% of the identified rice bran metabolome, which substantially enhanced our knowledge of health-promoting rice bran compounds provided during dietary supplementation. CONCLUSION Rice bran metabolite profiling revealed a suite of biochemical molecules that can be further investigated and exploited for multiple nutritional therapies and medical food applications. These bioactive compounds may also be biomarkers of dietary rice bran intake. The medicinal compounds associated with rice bran can function as a network across metabolic pathways and this metabolite network may occur via additive and synergistic effects between compounds in the food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Zarei
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, 4031 Laguna Philippines
| | - Dustin G. Brown
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Nora Jean Nealon
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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Edrisi F, Salehi M, Ahmadi A, Fararoei M, Rusta F, Mahmoodianfard S. Effects of supplementation with rice husk powder and rice bran on inflammatory factors in overweight and obese adults following an energy-restricted diet: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:833-843. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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80
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Time-resolved comparative metabolomes for Koji fermentation with brown-, white-, and giant embryo-rice. Food Chem 2017; 231:258-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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81
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Um MY, Kim S, Jin YH, Yoon M, Yang H, Lee J, Jung J, Urade Y, Huang ZL, Kwon S, Cho S. A novel neurological function of rice bran: a standardized rice bran supplement promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice through histamine H 1 receptors. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28722302 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Although rice bran has been shown to be associated with a wide spectrum of health benefits, to date, there are no reports on its effects on sleep. We investigated the effect of rice bran on sleep and the mechanism underlying this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS Electroencephalography was used to evaluate the effects of standardized rice bran supplement (RBS) and doxepin hydrochloride (DH), a histamine H1 receptor (H1 R) antagonist used as a positive control, on sleep in mice. The mechanism of RBS action was investigated using knockout (KO) mice and ex vivo electrophysiological recordings. Oral administration of RBS and DH significantly decreased sleep latency and increased the amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) in mice. Similar to DH, RBS fully inhibited H1 R agonist-induced increase in action potential frequency in tuberomammillary nucleus neurons. In H1 R KO mice, neither RBS nor DH administration led to the increase in NREMS and decrease in sleep latency observed in WT mice. These results indicate that the sleep-promoting effect of RBS is completely dependent on H1 R antagonism. CONCLUSIONS RBS decreases sleep latency and promotes NREMS through the inhibition of H1 R, suggesting that it could be a promising therapeutic agent for insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Um
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojin Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Jin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Yang
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Jung
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sangoh Kwon
- S&D Research and Development Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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82
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Heat-stabilised rice bran consumption by colorectal cancer survivors modulates stool metabolite profiles and metabolic networks: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28643618 PMCID: PMC5654571 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran (RB) consumption has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) growth in mice and modify the human stool microbiome. Changes in host and microbial metabolism induced by RB consumption was hypothesised to modulate the stool metabolite profile in favour of promoting gut health and inhibiting CRC growth. The objective was to integrate gut microbial metabolite profiles and identify metabolic pathway networks for CRC chemoprevention using non-targeted metabolomics. In all, nineteen CRC survivors participated in a parallel randomised controlled dietary intervention trial that included daily consumption of study-provided foods with heat-stabilised RB (30 g/d) or no additional ingredient (control). Stool samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks and analysed using GC-MS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS. Stool metabolomics revealed 93 significantly different metabolites in individuals consuming RB. A 264-fold increase in β-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine and 18-fold increase in β-hydroxyisovalerate exemplified changes in leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism in the RB group. A total of thirty-nine stool metabolites were significantly different between RB and control groups, including increased hesperidin (28-fold) and narirutin (14-fold). Metabolic pathways impacted in the RB group over time included advanced glycation end products, steroids and bile acids. Fatty acid, leucine/valine and vitamin B6 metabolic pathways were increased in RB compared with control. There were 453 metabolites identified in the RB food metabolome, thirty-nine of which were identified in stool from RB consumers. RB consumption favourably modulated the stool metabolome of CRC survivors and these findings suggest the need for continued dietary CRC chemoprevention efforts.
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83
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Ogawa S, Takafuji K, Tsubuku S, Horie Y, Ikegawa S, Higashi T. Isotope-coded derivatization based LC/ESI-MS/MS methods using a pair of novel reagents for quantification of hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids in fermented brown rice product. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:162-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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84
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Hypotheses on the Potential of Rice Bran Intake to Prevent Gastrointestinal Cancer through the Modulation of Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071352. [PMID: 28672811 PMCID: PMC5535845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested the potential involvement of oxidative stress in gastrointestinal cancers. In light of this, research efforts have been focused on the potential of dietary antioxidant intake to prevent gastrointestinal cancer through the modulation of oxidative stress. Rice bran, a by-product of rice milling, has been shown to contain an abundance of phytochemicals, which are dietary antioxidants. To date, a number of studies have shown the antioxidative effect of rice bran intake, and some demonstrated that such an effect may contribute to gastrointestinal cancer prevention, largely through the antioxidative properties of rice bran phytochemicals. In addition, these phytochemicals were shown to provide protection against cancer through mechanisms linked to oxidative stress, including β-catenin-mediated cell proliferation and inflammation. The present article provides an overview of current evidence for the antioxidative properties of rice bran and its phytochemicals, and for the potential of such properties in cancer prevention through the oxidative-stress-linked mechanisms mentioned above. The article also highlights the need for an evaluation of the effectiveness of rice bran dietary interventions among cancer survivors in ameliorating oxidative stress and reducing the level of gastrointestinal cancer biomarkers, thereby establishing the potential of such interventions among these individuals in the prevention of cancer recurrence.
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85
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Chmiel T, Saputro IE, Kusznierewicz B, Bartoszek A. The impact of cooking method on the phenolic composition, total antioxidant activity and starch digestibility of rice (Oryza sativa
L.). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Chmiel
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry; Gdansk University of Technology; Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - I. E. Saputro
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry; Gdansk University of Technology; Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - B. Kusznierewicz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry; Gdansk University of Technology; Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A. Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry; Gdansk University of Technology; Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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86
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Kanda Y, Osaki M, Okada F. Chemopreventive Strategies for Inflammation-Related Carcinogenesis: Current Status and Future Direction. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E867. [PMID: 28422073 PMCID: PMC5412448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A sustained and chronically-inflamed environment is characterized by the presence of heterogeneous inflammatory cellular components, including neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts. These infiltrated cells produce growth stimulating mediators (inflammatory cytokines and growth factors), chemotactic factors (chemokines) and genotoxic substances (reactive oxygen species and nitrogen oxide) and induce DNA damage and methylation. Therefore, chronic inflammation serves as an intrinsic niche for carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this article, we summarize the up-to-date findings regarding definitive/possible causes and mechanisms of inflammation-related carcinogenesis derived from experimental and clinical studies. We also propose 10 strategies, as well as candidate agents for the prevention of inflammation-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kanda
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
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87
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Lin CH, Chen CH, Lin ZC, Fang JY. Recent advances in oral delivery of drugs and bioactive natural products using solid lipid nanoparticles as the carriers. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:219-234. [PMID: 28911663 PMCID: PMC9332520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical and enzymatic barriers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract hamper the oral delivery of many labile drugs. The GI epithelium also contributes to poor permeability for numerous drugs. Drugs with poor aqueous solubility have difficulty dissolving in the GI tract, resulting in low bioavailability. Nanomedicine provides an opportunity to improve the delivery efficiency of orally administered drugs. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are categorized as a new generation of lipid nanoparticles consisting of a complete solid lipid matrix. SLNs used for oral administration offer several benefits over conventional formulations, including increased solubility, enhanced stability, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, prolonged half-life, tissue targeting, and minimal side effects. The nontoxic excipients and sophisticated material engineering of SLNs tailor the controllable physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles for GI penetration via mucosal or lymphatic transport. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the development of SLNs for disease treatment. Recent application of oral SLNs includes therapies for cancers, central nervous system-related disorders, cardiovascular-related diseases, infection, diabetes, and osteoporosis. In addition to drugs that may be active cargos in SLNs, some natural compounds with pharmacological activity are also suitable for SLN encapsulation to enhance oral bioavailability. In this article, we systematically introduce the concepts and amelioration mechanisms of the nanomedical techniques for drug- and natural compound-loaded SLNs.
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88
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Barahuie F, Dorniani D, Saifullah B, Gothai S, Hussein MZ, Pandurangan AK, Arulselvan P, Norhaizan ME. Sustained release of anticancer agent phytic acid from its chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles for drug-delivery system. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2361-2372. [PMID: 28392693 PMCID: PMC5376211 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s126245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were coated with phytic acid (PTA) to form phytic acid-chitosan-iron oxide nanocomposite (PTA-CS-MNP). The obtained nanocomposite and nanocarrier were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analyses. Fourier transform infrared spectra and thermal analysis of MNPs and PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite confirmed the binding of CS on the surface of MNPs and the loading of PTA in the PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite. The coating process enhanced the thermal stability of the anticancer nanocomposite obtained. X-ray diffraction results showed that the MNPs and PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite are pure magnetite. Drug loading was estimated using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and showing a 12.9% in the designed nanocomposite. Magnetization curves demonstrated that the synthesized MNPs and nanocomposite were superparamagnetic with saturation magnetizations of 53.25 emu/g and 42.15 emu/g, respectively. The release study showed that around 86% and 93% of PTA from PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite could be released within 127 and 56 hours by a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 and 4.8, respectively, in a sustained manner and governed by pseudo-second order kinetic model. The cytotoxicity of the compounds on HT-29 colon cancer cells was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The HT-29 cell line was more sensitive against PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite than PTA alone. No cytotoxic effect was observed on normal cells (3T3 fibroblast cells). This result indicates that PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite can inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cells without causing any harm to normal cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Barahuie
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Dena Dorniani
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bullo Saifullah
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sivapragasam Gothai
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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89
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Sahoo MR, Varma SR, Patel NK, Sivaprakasam TO, Mishra A, Muguli G, Babu SK, Babu UV, Paramesh R, Jadhav AN. In vitro anti-inflammatory and skin protective properties of extract comprising ceramides from de-oiled rice bran. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas R. Sahoo
- The Himalaya Drug Company; Makali, Tumkur Road Bangalore 562 162 India
| | - Sandeep R. Varma
- The Himalaya Drug Company; Makali, Tumkur Road Bangalore 562 162 India
| | - Neeraj K. Patel
- The Himalaya Drug Company; Makali, Tumkur Road Bangalore 562 162 India
| | | | - Abheepsa Mishra
- The Himalaya Drug Company; Makali, Tumkur Road Bangalore 562 162 India
| | - Ganesh Muguli
- The Himalaya Drug Company; Makali, Tumkur Road Bangalore 562 162 India
| | - Suresh K. Babu
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - U. V. Babu
- The Himalaya Drug Company; Makali, Tumkur Road Bangalore 562 162 India
| | - Rangesh Paramesh
- The Himalaya Drug Company; Makali, Tumkur Road Bangalore 562 162 India
| | - Atul N. Jadhav
- The Himalaya Drug Company; Makali, Tumkur Road Bangalore 562 162 India
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90
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Scientific Evidence of Rice By-Products for Cancer Prevention: Chemopreventive Properties of Waste Products from Rice Milling on Carcinogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9017902. [PMID: 28210630 PMCID: PMC5292171 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9017902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health concern affecting men and women worldwide. Although current chemopreventive drugs could inhibit the growth of cancer cells, they exert many adverse side effects. Dietary factor plays a crucial role in the management of cancers and has drawn the attention of researchers to be used as an option to combat this disease. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that rice and its by-products display encouraging results in the prevention of this disease. The mechanism of anticancer effect is suggested partly through potentiation of bioactive compounds like vitamin E, phytic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), γ-oryzanol, and phenolics. Nevertheless, the bioactivity of rice and its by-products is still incompletely understood. In this review, we present the findings from a preclinical study both in in vitro and in animal experiments on the promising role of rice by-products with focus on cancer prevention.
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91
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Pengkumsri N, Sivamaruthi BS, Sirilun S, Suwannalert P, Rodboon T, Prasitpuriprecha C, Peerajan S, Butrungrod W, Chaiyasut C. Dietary supplementation of Thai black rice bran extract and yeast beta-glucan protects the dextran sodium sulphate mediated colitis induced rat. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25548e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was employed to evaluate the impact of black rice bran (RB) extract, and yeast β-glucan (YBG) supplementation on a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppawat Pengkumsri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai
- Thailand
| | | | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai
- Thailand
| | - Prasit Suwannalert
- Department of Pathobiology
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok
- Thailand
| | - Teerapat Rodboon
- Department of Pathobiology
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok
- Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai
- Thailand
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92
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Chaiyasut C, Sivamaruthi BS, Pengkumsri N, Keapai W, Kesika P, Saelee M, Tojing P, Sirilun S, Chaiyasut K, Peerajan S, Lailerd N. Germinated Thai Black Rice Extract Protects Experimental Diabetic Rats from Oxidative Stress and Other Diabetes-Related Consequences. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 10:ph10010003. [PMID: 28036014 PMCID: PMC5374407 DOI: 10.3390/ph10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type 2 DM (T2DM), is one of the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. The prevention measures and treatment strategies for DM are improving steadily. The current study explains the impact of germination on phytochemical content of Thai black rice (BR), and the influence of germinated BR extract (GBRE) supplementation on diabetic conditions in rats. Methods: BR was germinated and the phenolic, anthocyanin, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of the extract were analyzed using HPLC and spectrophotometric methods. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were supplemented with high and low doses of GBRE. The plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, antioxidant status, and antioxidant enzyme levels of treated animals were assessed using ELISA and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Germination enhanced the GABA content of BR, and GBRE intervention improved the total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes levels in diabetic rats. The plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, insulin resistance and glucose tolerance were reduced, and the degree of insulin secretion in rat plasma was significantly increased upon GBRE treatment. Both pre and post-treatment approaches showed the anti-diabetic ability of GBRE. In most of the analyzed parameters, GBRE was quite equal to the performance of drug-metformin. Conclusions: GBRE supplementation helps prevent and manage the consequences of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | | | - Noppawat Pengkumsri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Waranya Keapai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Manee Saelee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Parichart Tojing
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Khontaros Chaiyasut
- Institute of Research and Development, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand.
- Health Innovation Institute, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | | | - Narissara Lailerd
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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93
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Suwannalert P, Payuhakrit W, Koomsang T. Anti-Oxidant, Pro-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Unpolished Rice Relevant to Colorectal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:5047-5056. [PMID: 28122433 PMCID: PMC5454635 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.12.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major worldwide health problem owing to its high prevalence and mortality rates. Carcinogenesis in the colon is a multistage and multifactorial process. An imbalance between free radical exposure and anti-oxidant defense systems may leads to oxidative stress and attack of macromolecules which can alter signal transduction pathways and gene expression. Consequently, oxidative damage can lead to cellular dysfunction and contribute to pathophysiological processes in a variety of diseases including CRC. One factor tightly associated with CRC is chronic inflammation, which can be present from the earliest stage of tumor onset. Unpolished rice is an attractive chemoprevention in CRC due to their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this paper is to review evidence linking oxidative stress and inflammation to CRC and to provide essential background information for understanding future research on oxidative stress and inflammation on CRC. Mechanisms of action of unpolished rice in CRC carcinogenesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasit Suwannalert
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. prasit.
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94
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhou J, Zhang X, Chen L, Chen K, Huang Z. Eriocitrin from lemon suppresses the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through inducing apoptosis and arresting cell cycle. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:1143-1150. [PMID: 27766389 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a lethal cancer with high recurrence ratio and lacks effective therapeutics. In the past few years, it has been reported that increased intake of vegetables and fruits could reduce the cancer incidence, which suggests dietary agents might possess anticancer effects. Eriocitrin is a flavonoid isolated from lemon, which is known as a strong antioxidant agent. We here for the first time demonstrated that eriocitrin could inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by arresting cell cycle in S phase through up-regulation of p53, cyclin A, cyclin D3 and CDK6. Furthermore, we found that eriocitrin could trigger apoptosis by activating mitochondria-involved intrinsic signaling pathway. Thus, eriocitrin might be regarded as a potential chemopreventive natural product to inhibit the early malignant transformation of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyou Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xiangning Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Liyong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Kangxing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808, China
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808, China.
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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95
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Borresen EC, Brown DG, Harbison G, Taylor L, Fairbanks A, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Rao S, Bailey SM, Wdowik M, Weir TL, Brown RJ, Ryan EP. A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Navy Bean or Rice Bran Consumption in Colorectal Cancer Survivors. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1269-1280. [PMID: 27689688 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1224370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of navy beans (NB) and rice bran (RB) have been shown to inhibit colon carcinogenesis. Given the overall poor diet quality in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors and low reported intake of whole grains and legumes, practical strategies to increase consumption merit attention. This study determined feasibility of increasing NB or RB intake in CRC survivors to increase dietary fiber and examined serum inflammatory biomarkers and telomere lengths. Twenty-nine subjects completed a randomized controlled trial with foods that included cooked NB powder (35 g/day), heat-stabilized RB (30 g/day), or no additional ingredient. Fasting blood, food logs, and gastrointestinal health questionnaires were collected. The amount of NB or RB consumed equated to 4-9% of subjects' daily caloric intake and no major gastrointestinal issues were reported with increased consumption. Dietary fiber amounts increased in NB and RB groups at Weeks 2 and 4 compared to baseline and to control (P ≤ 0.01). Telomere length correlated with age and HDL cholesterol at baseline, and with improved serum amyloid A (SAA) levels at Week 4 (P ≤ 0.05). This study concludes feasibility of increased dietary NB and RB consumption to levels associated with CRC chemoprevention and warrants longer-term investigations with both foods in high-risk populations that include cancer prevention and control outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Borresen
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Greg Harbison
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Lynn Taylor
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Amanda Fairbanks
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Joanne O'Malia
- b University of Colorado Health-North Cancer Clinical Research , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Marlon Bazan
- b University of Colorado Health-North Cancer Clinical Research , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- c Department of Clinical Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Susan M Bailey
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Melissa Wdowik
- d Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA.,e Kendall Reagan Nutrition Center , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- d Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Regina J Brown
- f University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA.,e Kendall Reagan Nutrition Center , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA.,g University of Colorado Cancer Center , Aurora , Colorado , USA
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96
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Synergistic Anticancer Effect of Tocotrienol Combined with Chemotherapeutic Agents or Dietary Components: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101605. [PMID: 27669218 PMCID: PMC5085638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienol (T3), unsaturated vitamin E, is gaining a lot of attention owing to its potent anticancer effect, since its efficacy is much greater than that of tocopherol (Toc). Various factors are known to be involved in such antitumor action, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, antiangiogenesis, anti-metastasis, nuclear factor-κB suppression, and telomerase inhibition. Owing to a difference in the affinity of T3 and Toc for the α-tocopherol transfer protein, the bioavailability of orally ingested T3 is lower than that of Toc. Furthermore, cellular uptake of T3 is interrupted by coadministration of α-Toc in vitro and in vivo. Based on this, several studies are in progress to screen for molecules that can synergize with T3 in order to augment its potency. Combinations of T3 with chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., statins, celecoxib, and gefitinib) or dietary components (e.g., polyphenols, sesamin, and ferulic acid) exhibit synergistic actions on cancer cell growth and signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current status of synergistic effects of T3 and an array of agents on cancer cells, and discuss their molecular mechanisms of action. These combination strategies would encourage further investigation and application in cancer prevention and therapy.
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97
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Current Hypothesis for the Relationship between Dietary Rice Bran Intake, the Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090569. [PMID: 27649240 PMCID: PMC5037554 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer. The development of effective chemopreventive strategies to reduce CRC incidence is therefore of paramount importance. Over the past decade, research has indicated the potential of rice bran, a byproduct of rice milling, in CRC chemoprevention. This was recently suggested to be partly attributable to modification in the composition of intestinal microbiota when rice bran was ingested. Indeed, previous studies have reported changes in the population size of certain bacterial species, or microbial dysbiosis, in the intestines of CRC patients and animal models. Rice bran intake was shown to reverse such changes through the manipulation of the population of health-promoting bacteria in the intestine. The present review first provides an overview of evidence on the link between microbial dysbiosis and CRC carcinogenesis and describes the molecular events associated with that link. Thereafter, there is a summary of current data on the effect of rice bran intake on the composition of intestinal microbiota in human and animal models. The article also highlights the need for further studies on the inter-relationship between rice bran intake, the composition of intestinal microbiota and CRC prevention.
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98
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Wong WT, Ismail M, Imam MU, Zhang YD. Modulation of platelet functions by crude rice (Oryza sativa) bran policosanol extract. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:252. [PMID: 27465266 PMCID: PMC4964039 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Rice bran is bioactive-rich and has proven health benefits for humans. Moreover, its source, the brown rice has antioxidant, hypolipidemic and other functional properties that are increasingly making it a nutritional staple especially in Asian countries. This study investigated the antiplatelet aggregation mechanisms of crude hexane/methanolic rice bran extract, in which policosanol was the targeted bioactive. Platelets play a vital role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, and their increased activities could potentially cause arterial thrombus formation or severe bleeding disorders. Thus, in this study, platelet aggregation and adhesion of platelets to major components of basal lamina were examined in vitro. In addition, cellular protein secretion was quantified as a measurement of platelet activation. Methods Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation were studied using the microtiter technique. Rat platelets were pre-treated with various concentrations of policosanol extract, and the adhesion of platelets onto collagen- and laminin-coated surface (extracellular matrix) was studied using the acid phosphatase assay. The effect of crude policosanol extract on released proteins from activated platelets was measured using modified Lowry determination method. Results Rice bran policosanol extract significantly inhibited in vitro platelet aggregation induced by different agonists in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 of ADP-, collagen-, and AA-induced platelet aggregation were 533.37 ± 112.16, 635.94 ± 78.45 and 693.86 ± 70.57 μg/mL, respectively. The present study showed that crude rice bran policosanol extract significantly inhibited platelet adhesion to collagen in a dose dependent manner. Conversely, at a low concentration of 15.625 μg/mL, the extract significantly inhibited platelet adhesion to laminin stimulated by different platelet agonists. In addition to the alteration of cell adhesive properties, cellular protein secretion of the treated platelets towards different stimulants were decreased upon crude extract treatment. Conclusion Our results showed that crude rice bran policosanol extract could inhibit in vitro platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion upon activation using agonists. These findings serve as a scientific platform to further explore alternative therapies in cardiovascular diseases related to platelet malfunction.
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99
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Preventive Effects of Fermented Brown Rice and Rice Bran against Prostate Carcinogenesis in TRAP Rats. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070421. [PMID: 27409632 PMCID: PMC4963897 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented brown rice and rice bran with Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA) is considered to have the potential to prevent chemically-induced carcinogenesis in multiple organs of rodents. In the present study, we evaluated the possible chemopreventive effects of FBRA against prostate tumorigenesis. Six-week-old male rats of the transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) strain were fed diets containing 5% or 10% FBRA for 15 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 21 weeks of age, and the ventral and lateral prostate were removed for histopathological evaluation and immunoblot analyses. FBRA decreased the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the lateral prostate and suppressed the progression of prostate carcinogenesis. Treatment with FBRA induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in histologically high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias. Phospho-AMP-activated kinase α (Thr172) was up-regulated in the prostate of rats fed the diet supplemented with FBRA. These results indicate that FBRA controls tumor growth by activating pathways responsive to energy deprivation and suggest that FBRA has translational potential for the prevention of human prostate cancer.
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100
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Tan XW, Bhave M, Fong AYY, Matsuura E, Kobayashi K, Shen LH, Hwang SS. Cytoprotective and Cytotoxic Effects of Rice Bran Extracts in Rat H9c2(2-1) Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6943053. [PMID: 27239253 PMCID: PMC4863109 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6943053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at preliminarily assessing the cytoprotective and antioxidative effects of rice bran extracts (RBEs) from a Sarawak local rice variety (local name: "BJLN") and a commercial rice variety, "MR219," on oxidative stress in rat H9c2(2-1) cardiomyocytes. The cardiomyocytes were incubated with different concentrations of RBE and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively, to identify their respective IC50 values and safe dose ranges. Two nonlethal and close-to-IC50 doses of RBE were selected to evaluate their respective effects on H2O2 induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. Both RBEs showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity effects on cardiomyocytes. H2O2 induction of cardiomyocytes pretreated with RBE further revealed the dose-dependent cytoprotective and antioxidative effects of RBE via an increase in IC50 values of H2O2. Preliminary analyses of induction effects of RBE and H2O2 on cellular antioxidant enzyme, catalase (CAT), also revealed their potential in regulating these activities and expression profile of related gene on oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. Pretreated cardiomyocytes significantly upregulated the enzymatic activity and expression level of CAT under the exposure of H2O2 induced oxidative stress. This preliminary study has demonstrated the potential antioxidant effects of RBE in alleviating H2O2-mediated oxidative injuries via upregulation in enzymatic activities and expression levels of CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wen Tan
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Swinburne Sarawak Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Mrinal Bhave
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Alan Yean Yip Fong
- Sarawak General Hospital Heart Centre, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Hospital, 93586 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kobayashi
- Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Lian Hua Shen
- Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Siaw San Hwang
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Swinburne Sarawak Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
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