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Chiang CF, Chao TT, Su YF, Hsu CC, Chien CY, Chiu KC, Shiah SG, Lee CH, Liu SY, Shieh YS. Metformin-treated cancer cells modulate macrophage polarization through AMPK-NF-κB signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20706-20718. [PMID: 28157701 PMCID: PMC5400538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence is indicating metformin to possess the potential ability in preventing tumor development and suppressing cancer growth. However, the exact mechanism of its antitumorigenic effects is still not clear. We found that metformin suppressed the ability of cancer to skew macrophage toward M2 phenotype. Metformin treated cancer cells increased macrophage expression of M1-related cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α and attenuated M2-related cytokines IL-8, IL-10, and TGF-β expression. Furthermore, metformin treated cancer cells displayed inhibited secretion of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13; cytokines important for inducing M2 macrophages. Conversely, M1 inducing cytokine IFN-γ was upper-regulated in cancer cells. Additionally, through increasing AMPK and p65 phosphorylation, metformin treatment activated AMPK-NF-κB signaling of cancer cells that participate in regulating M1 and M2 inducing cytokines expression. Moreover, Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, significantly increased IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 expression while BAY-117082, an NF-κB inhibitor, decreased expression. In metformin-treated tumor tissue, the percentage of M2-like macrophages decreased while M1-like macrophages increased. These findings suggest that metformin activates cancer AMPK-NF-κB signaling, a pathway involved in regulating M1/M2 expression and inducing genes for macrophage polarization to anti-tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fu Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Chao
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yen Chien
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chou Chiu
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shine-Gwo Shiah
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyun-Yeu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Schilling C, Shaw R, Schache A, McMahon J, Chegini S, Kerawala C, McGurk M. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Where are we now? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:757-762. [PMID: 28864148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent data have confirmed that elective surgical management of the cN0 neck improves survival in patients with early (T1-T2) oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and is better than watchful waiting. However, elective neck dissection (END) may not always be necessary. Sentinel node biopsy (SNB), which is a reliable staging test for patients with early disease and a radiologically N0 neck, can detect occult metastases with a sensitivity of 86%-94%. Patients with no sign of metastases on SNB could avoid neck dissection, and individual treatment should reduce both morbidity and cost. Currently, SNB for oral SCC is available at a limited number of centres in the UK, but this is likely to change as national guidelines have recommended that it is incorporated into the standard treatment pathway. It is therefore important to understand the current evidence that supports its use, its limitations and related controversies, and to plan for a validated training programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schilling
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, St Georges Hospital, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, England, SW17 0QT.
| | - R Shaw
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool & Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, Merseyside, England, L9 7AL
| | - A Schache
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool & Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, Merseyside, England, L9 7AL
| | - J McMahon
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Southern General Hospital, 1345 Govan Rd, Govan, Glasgow, Scotland, G51 4TF
| | - S Chegini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ
| | - C Kerawala
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, Chelsea, London SW3 6JJ
| | - M McGurk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, Fitzrovia, London NW1 2BU
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53
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Unkart JT, Wallace AM. Use of 99mTc-Tilmanocept as a Single Agent for Sentinel Lymph Node Identification in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Pilot Study. J Nucl Med Technol 2017; 45:181-184. [PMID: 28705929 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.117.194415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
99mTc-tilmanocept received recent Food and Drug Administration approval for lymphatic mapping in 2013. However, to our knowledge, no prior studies have evaluated the use of 99mTc-tilmanocept as a single agent in sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in breast cancer. Methods: We executed this retrospective pilot study to assess the ability of 99mTc-tilmanocept to identify sentinel nodes as a single agent in clinically node-negative breast cancer patients. Patients received a single intradermal injection overlying the tumor of either 18.5 MBq (0.5 mCi) of 99mTc-tilmanocept on the day of surgery or 74.0 MBq (2.0 mCi) on the day before surgery by a radiologist. Immediate 3-view lymphoscintigraphy was performed. Intraoperatively, SLNs were identified with a portable γ-probe. A node was classified as hot if the count (per second) of the node was more than 3 times the background count. Descriptive statistics are reported. Results: Nineteen patients underwent SLN biopsy with single-agent 99mTc-tilmanocept. Immediate lymphoscintigraphy identified at least 1 sentinel node in 13 of 17 patients (76.5%). Intraoperatively, at least 1 (mean, 1.7 ± 0.8; range, 1-3) hot node was identified in all patients. Three patients (15.8%) had 1 disease-positive SLN. Conclusion: In this small, retrospective pilot study, 99mTc-tilmanocept performed well as a single agent for intraoperative sentinel node identification in breast cancer. A larger, randomized clinical trial is warranted to compare 99mTc-tilmanocept as a single agent with other radiopharmaceuticals for sentinel node identification in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Unkart
- Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Anne M Wallace
- Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Unkart JT, Hosseini A, Wallace AM. Tc-99m tilmanocept versus Tc-99m sulfur colloid in breast cancer sentinel lymph node identification: Results from a randomized, blinded clinical trial. J Surg Oncol 2017; 116:819-823. [PMID: 28695567 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No prior trials have compared sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification outcomes between Tc-99m tilmanocept (TcTM) and Tc-99m sulfur colloid (TcSC) in breast cancer (BC). METHODS We report on the secondary outcomes from a randomized, double-blinded, single surgeon clinical trial comparing post-injection site pain between TcTM and TcSC. Patients were randomized to receive a preoperative single, peritumoral intradermal injection of TcTM or TcSC. The number of total, "hot", and blue nodes detected and removed were compared between groups. RESULTS Fifty-two (27-TcSC and 25-TcTM) patients were enrolled and underwent definitive surgical treatment. At least one "hot" SLN was detected in all patients. Three (5.8%) patients had a disease positive-SLN. The total number of SLNs removed was 61 (mean 2.26 (standard deviation (SD) 0.90)) in the TcSC group and 54 (mean 2.16 (SD 0.90)) in the TcTM group, P = 0.69. The total number of "hot" nodes in the TcSC group was 1.96 (SD 0.76) compared to 2.04 (SD 0.73) in the TcTM group, P = 0.71. CONCLUSIONS The number of identified SLNs did not differ significantly between TcTM and TcSC. Given that no significant technical advantages exist between the two agents, surgeons should choose a radiopharmaceutical based on cost and side effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Unkart
- Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ava Hosseini
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Anne M Wallace
- Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California
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Dosekova E, Filip J, Bertok T, Both P, Kasak P, Tkac J. Nanotechnology in Glycomics: Applications in Diagnostics, Therapy, Imaging, and Separation Processes. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:514-626. [PMID: 27859448 PMCID: PMC5659385 DOI: 10.1002/med.21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively covers the most recent achievements (from 2013) in the successful integration of nanomaterials in the field of glycomics. The first part of the paper addresses the beneficial properties of nanomaterials for the construction of biosensors, bioanalytical devices, and protocols for the detection of various analytes, including viruses and whole cells, together with their key characteristics. The second part of the review focuses on the application of nanomaterials integrated with glycans for various biomedical applications, that is, vaccines against viral and bacterial infections and cancer cells, as therapeutic agents, for in vivo imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and for selective drug delivery. The final part of the review describes various ways in which glycan enrichment can be effectively done using nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers with polymer thickness controlled at the nanoscale, with a subsequent analysis of glycans by mass spectrometry. A short section describing an active glycoprofiling by microengines (microrockets) is covered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Dosekova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Jaroslav Filip
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityP.O. Box 2713DohaQatar
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Peter Both
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityP.O. Box 2713DohaQatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
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Hosseini F, Hassannia H, Mahdian‐Shakib A, Jadidi‐Niaragh F, Enderami SE, Fattahi M, Anissian A, Mirshafiey A, Kokhaei P. Targeting of crosstalk between tumor and tumor microenvironment by β-D mannuronic acid (M2000) in murine breast cancer model. Cancer Med 2017; 6:640-650. [PMID: 28211615 PMCID: PMC5345625 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients. Inflammatory processes following crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment play an important role in progression and metastasis of cancer. Hence, targeting of these interactions may represent a novel promising strategy for breast cancer therapy. So, we investigated the effects of β-D mannuronic acid (BDM), a new antiinflammatory agent, on 4T1 breast cancer cell line both in vitro and in vivo. Proliferation assays revealed low-cytotoxic effect of BDM on 4T1 cells. However, BDM reduced activity of MMP-2, MMP-9 and significantly decreased the adhesion of 4T1 cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) in a dose-dependent manner. The in vivo results demonstrated that BDM strongly inhibits tumor growth and increases lifespan as compared with control mice. The decrease in tumor mass was associated with decreased metastasis, recruitment, and frequency of inflammatory cells in tumor tissue. Our preclinical findings demonstrated that BDM therapy not only prevents formation of chronic inflammatory response but also inhibits crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment, which is associated with reduction of tumor growth and metastasis arrest. Our data imply the use of BDM therapy in future clinical trials to open a new horizon for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hosseini
- Cancer Research Center and Department of ImmunologySemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Hadi Hassannia
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ahmad Mahdian‐Shakib
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farhad Jadidi‐Niaragh
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Mohammadjavad Fattahi
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Shiraz institute for cancer researchShiraz, University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Ali Anissian
- Department of Veterinary MedicineIslamic Azad UniversityAbharAbhar branchIran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center and Department of ImmunologySemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyImmune and Gene Therapy LaboratoryCancer Centre KarolinskaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Li WJ, Tang XF, Shuai XX, Jiang CJ, Liu X, Wang LF, Yao YF, Nie SP, Xie MY. Mannose Receptor Mediates the Immune Response to Ganoderma atrum Polysaccharides in Macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:348-357. [PMID: 27931102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of mannose receptor (MR) to recognize the carbohydrate structures is well-established. Here, we reported that MR was crucial for the immune response to a Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1), as evidenced by elevation of MR in association with increase of phagocytosis and concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in normal macrophages. Elevation of MR triggered by PSG-1 also led to control lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered inflammatory response via the increase of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and inhibition of phagocytosis and IL-1β. Anti-MR antibody partly attenuated PSG-1-mediated anti-inflammatory responses, while it could not affect TNF-α secretion, suggesting that another receptor was involved in PSG-1-triggered immunomodulatory effects. MR and toll-like receptor (TLR)4 coordinated the influences on the TLR4-mediated signaling cascade by the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in LPS-stimulated macrophages subjected to PSG-1. Collectively, immune response to PSG-1 required recognition by MR in macrophages. The NF-κB pathway served as a central role for the coordination of MR and TLR4 to elicit immune response to PSG-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xue Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Feng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Fei Yao
- Chinese Liberation Army No. 94 Hospital , 1028 Jinggangshan Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
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Wendler T, Paepke S. Axillary sentinel node aspiration biopsy: towards minimally invasive lymphatic staging in breast cancer. Clin Transl Imaging 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-016-0205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Loke I, Kolarich D, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Emerging roles of protein mannosylation in inflammation and infection. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:31-55. [PMID: 27086127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are frequently modified by complex carbohydrates (glycans) that play central roles in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues in humans and lower organisms. Mannose forms an essential building block of protein glycosylation, and its functional involvement as components of larger and diverse α-mannosidic glycoepitopes in important intra- and intercellular glycoimmunological processes is gaining recognition. With a focus on the mannose-rich asparagine (N-linked) glycosylation type, this review summarises the increasing volume of literature covering human and non-human protein mannosylation, including their structures, biosynthesis and spatiotemporal expression. The review also covers their known interactions with specialised host and microbial mannose-recognising C-type lectin receptors (mrCLRs) and antibodies (mrAbs) during inflammation and pathogen infection. Advances in molecular mapping technologies have recently revealed novel immuno-centric mannose-terminating truncated N-glycans, termed paucimannosylation, on human proteins. The cellular presentation of α-mannosidic glycoepitopes on N-glycoproteins appears tightly regulated; α-mannose determinants are relative rare glycoepitopes in physiological extracellular environments, but may be actively secreted or leaked from cells to transmit potent signals when required. Simultaneously, our understanding of the molecular basis on the recognition of mannosidic epitopes by mrCLRs including DC-SIGN, mannose receptor, mannose binding lectin and mrAb is rapidly advancing, together with the functional implications of these interactions in facilitating an effective immune response during physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Ultimately, deciphering these complex mannose-based receptor-ligand interactions at the detailed molecular level will significantly advance our understanding of immunological disorders and infectious diseases, promoting the development of future therapeutics to improve patient clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Loke
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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