51
|
Hotta-Iwamura C, Tarbell KV. Type 1 diabetes genetic susceptibility and dendritic cell function: potential targets for treatment. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:65-80. [PMID: 26792821 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr1115-500r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results from the defective induction or maintenance of T cell tolerance against islet β cell self-antigens. Under steady-state conditions, dendritic cells with tolerogenic properties are critical for peripheral immune tolerance. Tolerogenic dendritic cells can induce T cell anergy and deletion and, in some contexts, induce or expand regulatory T cells. Dendritic cells contribute to both immunomodulatory effects and triggering of pathogenesis in type 1 diabetes. This immune equilibrium is affected by both genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies and disease association studies have identified >50 polymorphic loci that lend susceptibility or resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In parallel, diabetes susceptibility regions known as insulin-dependent diabetes loci have been identified in the nonobese diabetic mouse, a model for human type 1 diabetes, providing a better understanding of potential immunomodulatory factors in type 1 diabetes risk. Most genetic candidates have annotated immune cell functions, but the focus has been on changes to T and B cells. However, it is likely that some of the genomic susceptibility in type 1 diabetes directly interrupts the tolerogenic potential of dendritic cells in the pathogenic context of ongoing autoimmunity. Here, we will review how gene polymorphisms associated with autoimmune diabetes may influence dendritic cell development and maturation processes that could lead to alterations in the tolerogenic function of dendritic cells. These insights into potential tolerogenic and pathogenic roles for dendritic cells have practical implications for the clinical manipulation of dendritic cells toward tolerance to prevent and treat type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Hotta-Iwamura
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Friedenberg SG, Buhrman G, Chdid L, Olby NJ, Olivry T, Guillaumin J, O'Toole T, Goggs R, Kennedy LJ, Rose RB, Meurs KM. Evaluation of a DLA-79 allele associated with multiple immune-mediated diseases in dogs. Immunogenetics 2015; 68:205-17. [PMID: 26711123 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-015-0894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated diseases are common and life-threatening disorders in dogs. Many canine immune-mediated diseases have strong breed predispositions and are believed to be inherited. However, the genetic mutations that cause these diseases are mostly unknown. As many immune-mediated diseases in humans share polymorphisms among a common set of genes, we conducted a candidate gene study of 15 of these genes across four immune-mediated diseases (immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA), and atopic dermatitis) in 195 affected and 206 unaffected dogs to assess whether causative or predictive polymorphisms might exist in similar genes in dogs. We demonstrate a strong association (Fisher's exact p = 0.0004 for allelic association, p = 0.0035 for genotypic association) between two polymorphic positions (10 bp apart) in exon 2 of one allele in DLA-79, DLA-79*001:02, and multiple immune-mediated diseases. The frequency of this allele was significantly higher in dogs with immune-mediated disease than in control dogs (0.21 vs. 0.12) and ranged from 0.28 in dogs with IMPA to 0.15 in dogs with atopic dermatitis. This allele has two non-synonymous substitutions (compared with the reference allele, DLA-79*001:01), resulting in F33L and N37D amino acid changes. These mutations occur in the peptide-binding pocket of the protein, and based upon our computational modeling studies, are likely to affect critical interactions with the peptide N-terminus. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings more broadly and to determine the specific mechanism by which the identified variants alter canine immune system function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Friedenberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. .,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Greg Buhrman
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Lhoucine Chdid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Natasha J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Julien Guillaumin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Theresa O'Toole
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lorna J Kennedy
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, M13 9PT
| | - Robert B Rose
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Kathryn M Meurs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Gregersen PK, Klein G, Keogh M, Kern M, DeFranco M, Simpfendorfer KR, Kim SJ, Diamond B. The Genotype and Phenotype (GaP) registry: a living biobank for the analysis of quantitative traits. Immunol Res 2015; 63:107-12. [PMID: 26467974 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of the Genotype and Phenotype (GaP) Registry, a living biobank of normal volunteers who are genotyped for genetic markers related to human disease. Participants in the GaP can be recalled for hypothesis driven study of disease associated genetic variants. The GaP has facilitated functional studies of several autoimmune disease associated loci including Csk, Blk, PDRM1 (Blimp-1) and PTPN22. It is likely that expansion of such living biobank registries will play an important role in studying and understanding the function of disease associated alleles in complex disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Gregersen
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Gila Klein
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Mary Keogh
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Marlena Kern
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Margaret DeFranco
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Kim R Simpfendorfer
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Contribution of Genetic Factors to Sjögren's Syndrome and Sjögren's Syndrome Related Lymphomagenesis. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:754825. [PMID: 26550578 PMCID: PMC4624885 DOI: 10.1155/2015/754825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to summarize the current evidence related to the contributory role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and SS-related lymphoma. Genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus previously considered conferring increased susceptibility to SS development have been also revealed as important contributors in recent genome wide association studies. Moreover, genetic variations outside the MHC locus involving genes in type I interferon pathway, NF-κB signaling, B- and T-cell function and methylation processes have been shown to be associated with both SS and SS-related lymphoma development. Appreciating the functional implications of SS-related genetic variants could provide further insights into our understanding of SS heterogeneity, allowing the design of tailored therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
57
|
Holmes DA, Suto E, Lee WP, Ou Q, Gong Q, Smith HRC, Caplazi P, Chan AC. Autoimmunity-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase PEP negatively regulates IFN-α receptor signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1081-93. [PMID: 26077719 PMCID: PMC4493413 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20142130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22(C1858T) allelic polymorphism is associated with increased susceptibility for development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. PTPN22 (also known as LYP) and its mouse orthologue PEP play important roles in antigen and Toll-like receptor signaling in immune cell functions. We demonstrate here that PEP also plays an important inhibitory role in interferon-α receptor (IFNAR) signaling in mice. PEP co-immunoprecipitates with components of the IFNAR signaling complex. Pep(-/-) hematopoietic progenitors demonstrate increased IFNAR signaling, increased IFN-inducible gene expression, and enhanced proliferation and activation compared to Pep(+/+) progenitors in response to IFN-α. In addition, Pep(-/-) mice treated with IFN-α display a profound defect in hematopoiesis, resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia when compared to IFN-α-treated Pep(+/+) mice. As SLE patients carrying the PTPN22(C1858T) risk variant have higher serum IFN-α activity, these data provide a molecular basis for how type I IFNs and PTPN22 may cooperate to contribute to lupus-associated cytopenias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Holmes
- Department of Immunology, Department of Translational Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Eric Suto
- Department of Immunology, Department of Translational Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Immunology, Department of Translational Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Qinglin Ou
- Department of Immunology, Department of Translational Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Qian Gong
- Department of Immunology, Department of Translational Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Hamish R C Smith
- Department of Immunology, Department of Translational Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Immunology, Department of Translational Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Andrew C Chan
- Department of Immunology, Department of Translational Immunology, and Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect up to approximately 10% of the population. While rare Mendelian autoimmunity syndromes can result from monogenic mutations disrupting essential mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance, more common human autoimmune diseases are complex disorders that arise from the interaction between polygenic risk factors and environmental factors. Although the risk attributable to most individual nucleotide variants is modest, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have the potential to provide an unbiased view of biological pathways that drive human autoimmune diseases. Interpretation of GWAS requires integration of multiple genomic datasets including dense genotyping, cis-regulatory maps of primary immune cells, and genotyped studies of gene expression in relevant cell types and cellular conditions. Improved understanding of the genetic basis of autoimmunity may lead to a more sophisticated understanding of underlying cellular phenotypes and, eventually, novel diagnostics and targeted therapies.
Collapse
|