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Islam MR, Kim NS, Jung JW, Kim HB, Han SC, Yang MS. Spontaneous pepsin C-catalyzed activation of human pepsinogen C in transgenic rice cell suspension culture: Production and characterization of human pepsin C. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 108:66-73. [PMID: 29108629 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A human pepsinogen C (hPGC) gene was synthesized with rice-optimized codon usage and cloned into a rice expression vector containing the promoter, signal peptide, and terminator derived from the rice α-amylase 3D (Ramy3D) gene. In addition, a 6-His tag was added to the 3' end of the synthetic hPGC gene for easy purification. The plant expression vector was introduced into rice calli (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The integration of the hPGC gene into the chromosome of the transgenic rice callus and hPGC expression in transgenic rice cell suspensions was verified via genomic DNA polymerase chain reaction amplification and Northern blot analysis. Western blot analysis indicated both hPGC and its mature form, human pepsin C, with masses of 42- and 36-kDa in the culture medium under sugar starvation conditions. Human pepsin C was purified from the culture medium using a Ni-NTA agarose column and the NH2-terminal 5-residue sequences were verified by amino acid sequencing. The hydrolyzing activity of human pepsin C was confirmed using bovine hemoglobin as a substrate. The optimum pH and temperature for pepsin activity were 2.0 and 40°C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reyazul Islam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wan Jung
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Boon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Chon Han
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjindong 664-14, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Kytidou K, Beenakker TJM, Westerhof LB, Hokke CH, Moolenaar GF, Goosen N, Mirzaian M, Ferraz MJ, de Geus M, Kallemeijn WW, Overkleeft HS, Boot RG, Schots A, Bosch D, Aerts JMFG. Human Alpha Galactosidases Transiently Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves: New Insights in Substrate Specificities with Relevance for Fabry Disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1026. [PMID: 28680430 PMCID: PMC5478728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-GAL) causes Fabry disease (FD), an X-linked storage disease of the glycosphingolipid globtriaosylcerammide (Gb3) in lysosomes of various cells and elevated plasma globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3) toxic for podocytes and nociceptive neurons. Enzyme replacement therapy is used to treat the disease, but clinical efficacy is limited in many male FD patients due to development of neutralizing antibodies (Ab). Therapeutic use of modified lysosomal α-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase (α-NAGAL) with increased α-galactosidase activity (α-NAGALEL) has therefore been suggested. We transiently produced in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves functional α-GAL, α-NAGAL, and α-NAGALEL enzymes for research purposes. All enzymes could be visualized with activity-based probes covalently binding in their catalytic pocket. Characterization of purified proteins indicated that α-NAGALEL is improved in activity toward artificial 4MU-α-galactopyranoside. Recombinant α-NAGALEL and α-NAGAL are not neutralized by Ab-positive FD serum tested and are more stable in human plasma than α-GAL. Both enzymes hydrolyze the lipid substrates Gb3 and Lyso-Gb3 accumulating in Fabry patients. The addition to FD sera of α-NAGALEL, and to a lesser extent that of α-NAGAL, results in a reduction of the toxic Lyso-Gb3. In conclusion, our study suggests that modified α-NAGALEL might reduce excessive Lyso-Gb3 in FD serum. This neo-enzyme can be produced in Nicotiana benthamiana and might be further developed for the treatment of FD aiming at reduction of circulating Lyso-Gb3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassiani Kytidou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Lotte B. Westerhof
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences GroupWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Geri F. Moolenaar
- Cloning and Protein Purification Facility of Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Nora Goosen
- Cloning and Protein Purification Facility of Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria J. Ferraz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Mark de Geus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter W. Kallemeijn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Rolf G. Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences GroupWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Bosch
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences GroupWageningen, Netherlands
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Jung JW, Huy NX, Kim HB, Kim NS, Van Giap D, Yang MS. Production of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase with high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease. J Biotechnol 2017; 249:42-50. [PMID: 28363873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. Mutant rice lacking GnTI produces only high mannosylated glycoproteins. In this study, we introduced a gene encoding recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is used in ERT for Pompe disease, into gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment. Integration of the target gene into the genome of the gnt1 rice line and its mRNA expression were confirmed by PCR and Northern blot, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to confirm secretion of the target proteins into the culture media. Using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, we determined the maximum expression of rhGAA to be approximately 45mg/L, 13days after induction. To assay the enzymatic activity and determine the N-glycan profile of rhGAA, we purified the protein using a 6×histidine tag. The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). N-glycan analysis revealed the presence of high-mannose N-glycans on gnt1-GAA. In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wan Jung
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen-Xuan Huy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea; Biology Department, Hue University of Education, 34 Le Loi, Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Hyo-Boon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Van Giap
- Department of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea; Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjindong, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang N, Dolan M, Wu D, Phillips GC, Xu J. Dramatic secretion of recombinant protein expressed in tobacco cells with a designer glycopeptide tag is highly impacted by medium composition. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2513-2522. [PMID: 27632186 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Cell growth medium composition has profound impacts on the O -glycosylation of a "designer" arabinogalactan protein-based module; full glycosylation is essential in directing efficient extracellular secretion of the tagged recombinant protein. Expression of recombinant proteins in plant cells as fusion with a de novo designed hydroxyproline (Hyp)-O-glycosylated peptide (HypGP) tag, termed HypGP engineering technology, resulted in dramatically increased secreted protein yields. This is due to the function of the HypGP tag as a molecular carrier in promoting efficient transport of conjoined proteins into culture media. To optimize the cell culture to achieve the best secreted protein yields, the medium effects on the cell growth and protein secretion were investigated using as a model system the tobacco BY-2 cell expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) fused with a (SP)32 tag (32 tandem repeats of "Ser-Pro" motif). The (SP)32 tag was found to undergo two-stage Hyp-O-glycosylation in plant cells with the dramatic secretion of the conjoined EGFP correlating with the triggering of the second-stage glycosylation. The BY-2 cell culture in SH medium generated a high secreted protein yield (125 mg/L) with a low cell biomass accumulation (~7.5 gDW/L). In contrast, very low secreted protein yields (~1.5 mg/L) with a high cell biomass accumulation (13.5 gDW/L) were obtained in MS medium. The macronutrients, specifically, the nitrogen supply greatly impacted the glycosylation of the (SP)32 tag and subsequent protein secretion. Modified MS medium with reduced nitrogen levels boosted the secreted EGFP yields to 168 mg/L. This study demonstrates the profound impacts of medium composition on the secreted yields of a HypGP-tagged protein, and provides a basis for medium design to achieve the highest productivity of the HypGP engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | - Maureen Dolan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | - Gregory C Phillips
- College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA.
- College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA.
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Zhang N, Gonzalez M, Savary B, Xu J. High-yield secretion of recombinant proteins expressed in tobacco cell culture with a designer glycopeptide tag: Process development. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:497-506. [PMID: 26627201 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Low-yield protein production remains the most significant economic hurdle with plant cell culture technology. Fusions of recombinant proteins with hydroxyproline-O-glycosylated designer glycopeptide tags have consistently boosted secreted protein yields. This prompted us to study the process development of this technology aiming to achieve productivity levels necessary for commercial viability. We used a tobacco BY-2 cell culture expressing EGFP as fusion with a glycopeptide tag comprised of 32 repeat of "Ser-Pro" dipeptide, or (SP)32 , to study cell growth and protein secretion, culture scale-up, and establishment of perfusion cultures for continuous production. The BY-2 cells accumulated low levels of cell biomass (~7.5 g DW/L) in Schenk & Hildebrandt medium, but secreted high yields of (SP)32 -tagged EGFP (125 mg/L). Protein productivity of the cell culture has been stable for 6.0 years. The BY-2 cells cultured in a 5-L bioreactor similarly produced high secreted protein yield at 131 mg/L. Successful operation of a cell perfusion culture for 30 days was achieved under the perfusion rate of 0.25 and 0.5 day(-1) , generating a protein volumetric productivity of 17.6 and 28.9 mg/day/L, respectively. This research demonstrates the great potential of the designer glycopeptide technology for use in commercial production of valuable proteins with plant cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, USA
| | - Maria Gonzalez
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, USA
| | - Brett Savary
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, USA
- College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, USA.
- College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, USA.
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