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John Babu D, Balumahendra K, Venkateswarulu TC, Sathish T. Statistical optimization and sequential scale-up of α-galactosidase production by Actinoplanes utahensis B1 from shake flask to pilot scale. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38713771 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2344500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase (α-GAL) is a class of hydrolase that releases galactose from galacto-oligosaccharides and synthetic substrates such as pNPG. In this study, the production of α-GAL by Actinoplanes utahensis B1 in submerged fermentation was enhanced by using statistical methods. The effects of temperature, pH, and inoculum percentage on enzyme secretion were optimized using BBD of RSM. The optimized process was scaled up from the shake flask to the laboratory scale (5 L) and to pilot scale (30 L) using KLa based scale-up strategy. By using BBD, a maximum yield of 62.5 U/mL was obtained at a temperature of 28 °C, a pH of 6.9, and an inoculum of 6.4%. Scale-up was performed successfully and achieved a yield of 74.4 U/mL and 76.8 U/mL in laboratory scale and pilot scale fermenters. The TOST was performed to validate the scale-up strategy and the results showed a confidence level of 95% for both scales indicating the perfect execution of scale-up procedure. Through the implementation of BBD and scale-up strategy, the overall enzyme yield has been significantly increased to 76%. This is the first article to explore the scale-up of α-GAL from the A. utahensis B1 strain and provide valuable insights for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D John Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, India
| | - K Balumahendra
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, India
| | - T C Venkateswarulu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, India
| | - T Sathish
- Aurovaccines Private Limited, Hyderabad, India
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2
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Barajaa MA, Otsuka T, Ghosh D, Kan HM, Laurencin CT. Development of porcine skeletal muscle extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels with improved properties and low immunogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322822121. [PMID: 38687784 PMCID: PMC11087813 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322822121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels derived from decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) of animal origin show immense potential for regenerative applications due to their excellent cytocompatibility and biomimetic properties. Despite these benefits, the impact of decellularization protocols on the properties and immunogenicity of these hydrogels remains relatively unexplored. In this study, porcine skeletal muscle ECM (smECM) underwent decellularization using mechanical disruption (MD) and two commonly employed decellularization detergents, sodium deoxycholate (SDC) or Triton X-100. To mitigate immunogenicity associated with animal-derived ECM, all decellularized tissues were enzymatically treated with α-galactosidase to cleave the primary xenoantigen-the α-Gal antigen. Subsequently, the impact of the different decellularization protocols on the resultant hydrogels was thoroughly investigated. All methods significantly reduced total DNA content in hydrogels. Moreover, α-galactosidase treatment was crucial for cleaving α-Gal antigens, suggesting that conventional decellularization methods alone are insufficient. MD preserved total protein, collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycan, laminin, fibronectin, and growth factors more efficiently than other protocols. The decellularization method impacted hydrogel gelation kinetics and ultrastructure, as confirmed by turbidimetric and scanning electron microscopy analyses. MD hydrogels demonstrated high cytocompatibility, supporting satellite stem cell recruitment, growth, and differentiation into multinucleated myofibers. In contrast, the SDC and Triton X-100 protocols exhibited cytotoxicity. Comprehensive in vivo immunogenicity assessments in a subcutaneous xenotransplantation model revealed MD hydrogels' biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. These findings highlight the significant influence of the decellularization protocol on hydrogel properties. Our results suggest that combining MD with α-galactosidase treatment is an efficient method for preparing low-immunogenic smECM-derived hydrogels with enhanced properties for skeletal muscle regenerative engineering and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Barajaa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takayoshi Otsuka
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Debolina Ghosh
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
- Department of Chemical & Bimolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
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3
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Menon A, Pandurangan Maragatham V, Samuel M, Arunraj R. Properties and applications of α-galactosidase in agricultural waste processing and secondary agricultural process industries. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:21-31. [PMID: 37555350 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture products form the foundation building blocks of our daily lives. Although they have been claimed to be renewable resources with a low carbon footprint, the agricultural community is constantly challenged to overcome two post-harvest bottlenecks: first, farm bio-waste, a substantial economic and environmental burden to the farming sector, and second, an inefficient agricultural processing sector, plagued by the need for significant energy input to generate the products. Both these sectors require extensive processing technologies that are demanding in their energy requirements and expensive. To address these issues, an enzyme(s)-based green chemistry is available to break down complex structures into bio-degradable compounds that source alternate energy with valuable by-products and co-products. α-Galactosidase is a widespread class of glycoside hydroxylases that hydrolyzes α-galactosyl moieties in simple and complex oligo and polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. As a result of its growing importance, in this review we discuss the source of the enzyme, production and purification systems, and enzyme properties. We also elaborate on the enzyme's potential in agricultural bio-waste management, secondary agricultural industries like sugar refining, soymilk derivatives, food and confectionery, and animal feed processing. Insight into this vital enzyme will provide new avenues for less expensive green chemistry-based secondary agricultural processing and agricultural sustainability. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Menon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Vetriselvi Pandurangan Maragatham
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Marcus Samuel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rex Arunraj
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
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4
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Ikegaya M, Park EY, Miyazaki T. Structure-function analysis of bacterial GH31 α-galactosidases specific for α-(1→4)-galactobiose. FEBS J 2023; 290:4984-4998. [PMID: 37438884 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31) contains α-glycoside hydrolases with different substrate specificities involved in various physiological functions. This family has recently been classified into 20 subfamilies using sequence similarity networks. An α-galactosidase from the gut bacterium Bacteroides salyersiae (BsGH31_19, which belongs to GH31 subfamily 19) was reported to have hydrolytic activity against the synthetic substrate p- nitrophenyl α-galactopyranoside, but its natural substrate remained unknown. BsGH31_19 shares low sequence identity (around 20%) with other reported GH31 α-galactosidases, PsGal31A from Pseudopedobacter saltans and human myogenesis-regulating glycosidase (MYORG), and was expected to have distinct specificity. Here, we characterized BsGH31_19 and its ortholog from a soil Bacteroidota bacterium, Flavihumibacter petaseus (FpGH31_19), and demonstrated that they showed high substrate specificity against α-(1→4)-linkages in α-(1→4)-galactobiose and globotriose [α-Gal-(1→4)-β-Gal-(1→4)-Glc], unlike PsGal31A and MYORG. The crystallographic analyses of BsGH31_19 and FpGH31_19 showed that their overall structures resemble those of MYORG and form a dimer with an interface different from that of PsGal31A and MYORG dimers. The structures of FpGH31_19 complexed with d-galactose and α-(1→4)-galactobiose revealed that amino acid residues that recognize a galactose residue at subsite +1 are not conserved between FpGH31_19 and BsGH31_19. The tryptophan (Trp153) that recognizes galactose at subsite -1 is homologous to the tryptophan residues in MYORG and α-galactosidases belonging to GH27, GH36, and GH97, but not in the bacterial GH31 member PsGal31A. Our results provide structural insights into molecular diversity and evolutionary relationships in the GH31 α-galactosidase subfamilies and the other α-galactosidase families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ikegaya
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan
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Mashkunova OV, Isabekova AH, Botabekova AZ, Novikov PI. [Multisystem lesions in orphan diseases: rheumatological aspects of Fabry's disease. Case report]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2023; 95:505-510. [PMID: 38158971 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.06.202244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Fabry-Andersen disease is a genetically determined, progressive disease related to lysosomal storage diseases, linked to the X chromosome, characterized by impaired glycosphingolipid metabolism, due to the deficiency or absence of the enzyme α-galactosidase A. Fabry disease is a multisystem disease and is characterized by damage to vital organs - kidneys, heart, brain, with the occurrence of complications that cause an unfavorable prognosis. Autoinflammation mechanisms with signs of chronic inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. One of the features of Fabry disease are clinical manifestations in the form of arthralgia, fever, skin lesions, which are similar to rheumatological diseases. The article presents a clinical observation of the classical type of Fabry disease with multiple organ manifestation, which required differential diagnosis with rheumatological diseases. Rheumatologists are specialists who are involved in the early diagnosis of Fabry disease, so they should have a high awareness of this sphingolipidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Mashkunova
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University
- Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine
| | - A H Isabekova
- Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine
| | | | - P I Novikov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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6
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Bangoria P, Patel A, Shah AR. Characterization of a fungal α-galactosidase and its synergistic effect with β-mannanase for hydrolysis of galactomannan. Carbohydr Res 2023; 531:108893. [PMID: 37429228 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
An acid stable α-galactosidase was produced and purified from mannolytic fungal strain, Penicillium aculeatum APS1. Enzyme was produced using wheat bran and copra cake moistened with corn steep liquor by solid state fermentation. APS1αgal having molecular weight of 65.4 kDa was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by three phase partitioning and gel permeation chromatography with high enzyme recovery. APS1αgal was found to be maximally active at 55 °C and pH 4.5, having high stability at acidic pH. Thermal stability and thermal inactivation kinetics of APS1αgal were also studied. APS1αgal was found to effectively hydrolyse oligosaccharides as well as polysaccharides having α-1,6 linked galactose. Abolishment of enzyme activity in N-brommosuccinimide revealed an important role of tryptophan residue in catalysis. APS1αgal had shown outstanding tolerance to NaCl and proteases. MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis indicated that enzyme is probably a member of family GH27. Synergistic interaction between APS1αgal and β-mannanase for hydrolysis of galactomannan was very clear and maximum 2.0° of synergy was found under simultaneous mode of action. This study reports a new source of α-galactosidase with biochemical properties suitable for applications in food and feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Bangoria
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, 388315, Gujarat, India.
| | - Amisha Patel
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, 388315, Gujarat, India.
| | - Amita R Shah
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, 388315, Gujarat, India.
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7
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Harigane Y, Morimoto I, Suzuki O, Temmoku J, Sakamoto T, Nakamura K, Machii K, Miyata M. Enzyme replacement therapy in two patients with classic Fabry disease from the same family tree: Two case reports. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:3542-3551. [PMID: 37383915 PMCID: PMC10294186 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i15.3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of Fabry disease (FD)-induced progressive vital organ damage is irreversible. Disease progression can be delayed using enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). In patients with classic FD, sporadic accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) in the heart and kidney begins in utero; however, until childhood, GL-3 accumulation is mild and reversible and can be restored by ERT. The current consensus is that ERT initiation during early childhood is paramount. Nonetheless, complete recovery of organs in patients with advanced FD is challenging.
CASE SUMMARY Two related male patients, an uncle (patient 1) and nephew (patient 2), presented with classic FD. Both patients were treated by us. Patient 1 was in his 50s, and ERT was initiated following end-organ damage; this was subsequently ineffective. He developed cerebral infarction and died of sudden cardiac arrest. Patient 2 was in his mid-30s, and ERT was initiated when the patient was diagnosed with FD, during which the damage to vital organs was not overtly apparent. Although he had left ventricular hypertrophy at the beginning of this treatment, the degree of hypertrophy progression was limited to a minimal range after > 18 years of ERT.
CONCLUSION We obtained discouraging ERT outcomes for older patients but encouraging outcomes for younger adults with classic FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Harigane
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | | | - O Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Jumpei Temmoku
- Center of Internal Medicine for Rheumatology and Collagen Disease, Fukushima Red Cross Hospital, Fukushima 960-8530, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Fukushima Red Cross Hospital, Fukushima 960-8530, Japan
| | - Kohichiro Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Fukushima Red Cross Hospital, Fukushima 960-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuo Machii
- Machii Cardiology and Internal Medicine Clinic, Fukushima 960-8530, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyata
- Center of Internal Medicine for Rheumatology and Collagen Disease, Fukushima Red Cross Hospital, Fukushima 960-8530, Japan
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8
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Novak JK, Gardner JG. Galactomannan utilization by Cellvibrio japonicus relies on a single essential α-galactosidase encoded by the aga27A gene. Mol Microbiol 2023; 119:312-325. [PMID: 36604822 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant mannans are a component of lignocellulose that can have diverse compositions in terms of its backbone and side-chain substitutions. Consequently, the degradation of mannan substrates requires a cadre of enzymes for complete reduction to substituent monosaccharides that can include mannose, galactose, and/or glucose. One bacterium that possesses this suite of enzymes is the Gram-negative saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus, which has 10 predicted mannanases from the Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) families 5, 26, and 27. Here we describe a systems biology approach to identify and characterize the essential mannan-degrading components in this bacterium. The transcriptomic analysis uncovered significant changes in gene expression for most mannanases, as well as many genes that encode carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) when mannan was actively being degraded. A comprehensive mutational analysis characterized 54 CAZyme-encoding genes in the context of mannan utilization. Growth analysis of the mutant strains found that the man26C, aga27A, and man5D genes, which encode a mannobiohydrolase, α-galactosidase, and mannosidase, respectively, were important for the deconstruction of galactomannan, with Aga27A being essential. Our updated model of mannan degradation in C. japonicus proposes that the removal of galactose sidechains from substituted mannans constitutes a crucial step for the complete degradation of this hemicellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Novak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland - Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Gardner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland - Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Abstract
α-Galactosidases are exoglycosidases that are active on galactose-containing side chains in oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. α-Galactosidases are gaining increased interest in human medicine, especially in the enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry's disease. α-Galactosidases with regioselectivity toward α-1,3-linked galactose find application in xenotransplantation and blood group transformation. The use of α-galactosidases as a therapeutic agent in alleviating the postprandial symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome is much acclaimed. The excellent therapeutic applications of α-galactosidases have led to an upwelling of worldwide research interventions to identify novel α-galactosidases with improved catalytic efficiency. In addition to these therapeutic applications, α-galactosidases also have interesting applications in the industrial sectors like food, feed, probiotics, sugar, and paper pulp. The current review focuses on the diverse therapeutic applications of α-galactosidases and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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10
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Othman AM, Elshafei AM, Elsayed MA, Ibrahim GE, Hassan MM, Mehanna NS. Biochemical characterization and insights into the potency of the acidic Aspergillus niger NRC114 purified α-galactosidase in removing raffinose family oligosaccharides from soymilk yogurt. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:3. [PMID: 36721204 PMCID: PMC9887927 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because humans lack α-galactosidase, foods containing certain oligosaccharides from the raffinose family, such as soybeans and other legumes, may disrupt digestion and cause flatulence. RESULTS Aspergillus niger NRC114 α-galactosidase was purified using protein precipitation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography steps, which resulted in a 123-fold purification. The purified enzyme was found to be 64 kDa using the SDS-PAGE approach. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified α-galactosidase were detected at pH 3.5 and 60 ºC, respectively. The pure enzyme exhibited potent acidic pH stability at pH 3.0 and pH 4.0 for 2 h, and it retained its full activity at 50 ºC and 60 ºC for 120 min and 90 min, respectively. The enzyme was activated using 2.5 mM of K+, Mg2+, Co2+, or Zn2+ by 14%, 23%, 28%, and 11%, respectively. The Km and Vmax values of the purified enzyme were calculated to be 0.401 µM and 14.65 μmol min-1, respectively. The soymilk yogurt showed an increase in its total phenolic content and total flavonoids after enzyme treatment, as well as several volatile compounds that were detected and identified using GC-MS analysis. HPLC analysis clarified the enzymatic action in the hydrolysis of raffinose family oligosaccharides. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate the importance of A. niger NRC114 α-galactosidase enzyme for future studies, especially its applications in a variety of biological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmageed M. Othman
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali M. Elshafei
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Maysa A. Elsayed
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamil E. Ibrahim
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Chemistry of Flavor and Aroma Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Nayra S. Mehanna
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Dairy Sciences Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki 12622 Giza, Egypt
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11
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Islam SMM, Ju LK. Advanced strategies for production of soy-processing enzyme. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1042001. [PMID: 36698638 PMCID: PMC9868571 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme production is critical and often costly for biorefinery. It is challenging to produce enzymes with not only high titers but also proper combinations of all required activities in a single fermentation. This work aimed at improving productivity and composition of the multiple enzyme activities required for hydrolysis of complex soybean carbohydrate in a single fermentation. A previously selected Aspergillus niger strain was used for its high carbohydrases and low protease production. Strategies of fed-batch substrate addition and programmed pH-decrease rates were evaluated. Cheap soybean hull (SH) was confirmed to induce production of all necessary carbohydrases. Surprisingly, fed-batch SH addition, originally thought to sustain substrate-inducer availability and reduce feedback repression by sugars, did not increase pectinase and cellulase production significantly and even lowered the α-galactosidase production, when compared with batch fermentation having the same total SH amount (all added initially). On the other hand, the pH-decrease rate could be effectively optimized for production of complex enzyme mixtures. The best fermentation was programmed to lower pH from 7 to 4 in 84 h, at a drop rate of .0357 per h. It produced the highest pectinase (19.1 ± .04 U/mL), α-galactosidase (15.7 ± .4 U/mL), and cellulase (.88 ± .06 FPU/mL). Producing these high enzyme activities in a single fermentation significantly improves the effectiveness and economics of enzymatic soy processing, which, e.g., can hydrolyze the 30%-35% carbohydrate in soybean meal to sugars, with minimal protein degradation, to generate high-value protein-rich products and a hydrolysate as fermentation feedstock.
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12
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Bhattacharya A, Majtorp L, Birgersson S, Wiemann M, Sreenivas K, Verbrugghe P, Van Aken O, Van Niel EWJ, Stålbrand H. Cross-Feeding and Enzymatic Catabolism for Mannan-Oligosaccharide Utilization by the Butyrate-Producing Gut Bacterium Roseburia hominis A2-183. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122496. [PMID: 36557749 PMCID: PMC9784577 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Mannan is abundant in the human diet and in hemicellulose derived from softwood. Linear or galactose-substituted β-mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS/GMOSs) derived from β-mannan are considered emerging prebiotics that could stimulate health-associated gut microbiota. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet resolved. Therefore, this study investigated the cross-feeding and metabolic interactions between Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703, an acetate producer, and Roseburia hominis A2-183 DSMZ 16839, a butyrate producer, during utilization of MOS/GMOSs. Cocultivation studies suggest that both strains coexist due to differential MOS/GMOS utilization, along with the cross-feeding of acetate from B. adolescentis E194a to R. hominis A2-183. The data suggest that R. hominis A2-183 efficiently utilizes MOS/GMOS in mono- and cocultivation. Notably, we observed the transcriptional upregulation of certain genes within a dedicated MOS/GMOS utilization locus (RhMosUL), and an exo-oligomannosidase (RhMan113A) gene located distally in the R. hominis A2-183 genome. Significantly, biochemical analysis of β-1,4 mannan-oligosaccharide phosphorylase (RhMOP130A), α-galactosidase (RhGal36A), and exo-oligomannosidase (RhMan113A) suggested their potential synergistic role in the initial utilization of MOS/GMOSs. Thus, our results enhance the understanding of MOS/GMOS utilization by potential health-promoting human gut microbiota and highlight the role of cross-feeding and metabolic interactions between two secondary mannan degraders inhabiting the same ecological niche in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bhattacharya
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.M.); (S.B.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Lovisa Majtorp
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.M.); (S.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Simon Birgersson
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.M.); (S.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Mathias Wiemann
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.M.); (S.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Krishnan Sreenivas
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (K.S.); (E.W.J.V.N.)
| | - Phebe Verbrugghe
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Ed W. J. Van Niel
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (K.S.); (E.W.J.V.N.)
| | - Henrik Stålbrand
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.M.); (S.B.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (H.S.)
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13
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Zedde M, Pascarella R, Cavallieri F, Pezzella FR, Grisanti S, Di Fonzo A, Valzania F. Anderson-Fabry Disease: A New Piece of the Lysosomal Puzzle in Parkinson Disease? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123132. [PMID: 36551888 PMCID: PMC9776280 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a composite and multisystemic clinical phenotype and frequent involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). Research in this area has largely focused on the cerebrovascular manifestations of the disease, and very little has been described about further neurological manifestations, which are known in other lysosomal diseases, such as Gaucher disease. In particular, a clinical and neuroimaging phenotype suggesting neurodegeneration as a putative mechanism has never been fully described for AFD, but the increased survival of affected patients with early diagnosis and the possibility of treatment have given rise to some isolated reports in the literature on the association of AFD with a clinical phenotype of Parkinson disease (PD). The data are currently scarce, but it is possible to hypothesize the molecular mechanisms of cell damage that support this association; this topic is worthy of further study in particular in relation to the therapeutic possibilities, which have significantly modified the natural history of the disease but which are not specifically dedicated to the CNS. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association will be proposed, and the available data with implications for future research and treatment will be rewritten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence: or
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavallieri
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Pezzella
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, AO San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Grisanti
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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14
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Llamas-Moya S, Duong T, Petersen GI, Bertram MJ, Kitt SJ. Effect of a multicarbohydrase containing α-galactosidase in sow lactating diets with varying energy density. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac159. [PMID: 36601060 PMCID: PMC9801408 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sow productivity improvements are associated with high energetic demand due to increasing prolificity. The reproductive life and longevity of sows, and the readiness for weaning of the offspring may be impaired when sows loose significant body weight (BW) during lactation. The impact of a multicarbohydrase containing α-galactosidase on a low energy dense lactation diet was evaluated in this study. Two-hundred and eight sows (208 ± 25.2 kg) were blocked by parity and BW to one of four treatments, in which a corn-soybean meal diet was formulated to have varying levels of added fat (0, 1.5%, and 3%) to titrate an energy density model. A fourth treatment replicated the 0% added fat formulation with enzyme supplementation at 250 g/tonne. Sows were weighed individually on entry, post-farrow (by calculation) and at weaning. Daily feed intakes (ADFI) and caloric intake were used for calculation of sow feed efficiency (FE) and caloric efficiency. Litter performance was characterized at birth, and size was standardized within 24h of farrow and within treatment to ensure uniform litter sizes. Average wean weight and pre-weaning mortality were determined. Piglets were weighted individually to study litter weight distribution. Data was analyzed as a randomized completely block design, using sow as the experimental unit, treatment as the main effect, and standardized average weight and litter sizes as covariates where appropriate. Although sows fed a multicarbohydrase had lower standardized litter size (P < 0.001), average wean weight was higher in this group and equivalent to the 3% added fat treatment. Enzyme supplementation tended to reduce the proportion of light weight pigs (BW < 4.1kg) within the litter, when compared with the 0% added fat diet (P < 0.1). The multicarbohydrase tended to increased sow ADFI (P < 0.10), although sows from all treatments had equivalent caloric intakes during lactation (P > 0.1). Enzyme supplementation yielded significant improvements in sow FE (P < 0.01), similar to the 3% added fat group. Thus, the carbohydrase degrading enzyme tested in this study improved the efficiency of sows, while increasing average wean weights of the offspring, suggesting an improvement in nutrient digestion and/or metabolic efficiency from typical lactation diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tri Duong
- Kerry, Global Technology and Innovation Centre, Naas, Co. Kildare W91 W923, Ireland
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15
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Bhatia S, Batra N, Singh J. Production, purification, characterization, and applications of α-galactosidase from Bacillus flexus JS27 isolated from Manikaran hot springs. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:366-383. [PMID: 35801491 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2095572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase hydrolyzes the α-1,6-linkage present at the non-reducing end of the sugars and results in the release of galactosyl residue from oligosaccharides like melibiose, raffinose, stachyose, etc. In the present study we report, α-galactosidase from Bacillus flexus isolated from Manikaran hot springs (India). Maximum enzyme production was obtained in guar gum and soybean meal after 72 h at 150 rpm. While, the temperature/pH of production was optimized at 50 °C and 7.0, respectively. Isoenzymes (α-gal I and II) were obtained and characterized based on temperature/pH optima along with their stability profile. JS27 α-Gal II was purified with a final purification fold of 11.54. Native and SDS-PAGE were used to determine the molecular weight of the enzyme as 86 and 41 kDa, respectively, indicating its homodimeric form. JS27 α-Gal II showed optimum enzyme activity at 55 °C and pH 7 (10 min). The enzyme displayed Km value of 2.3809 mM and Vmax of 2.0 × 104 µmol/min/ml with pNPG as substrate. JS27 α-Gal II demonstrated substrate hydrolysis and simultaneous formation of transgalactosylation products (α-GOS) with numerous substrates (sugar/sugar alcohols, oligosaccharides, and complex carbohydrates) which were verified by TLC and HPLC analysis. α-GOS are significant functional food ingredients and can be explored as prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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16
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Okazawa A, Baba A, Okano H, Tokunaga T, Nakaue T, Ogawa T, Shimma S, Sugimoto Y, Ohta D. Involvement of α-galactosidase OmAGAL2 in planteose hydrolysis during seed germination of Orobanche minor. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:1992-2004. [PMID: 34850875 PMCID: PMC8982430 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Root parasitic weeds of the Orobanchaceae, such as witchweeds (Striga spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.), cause serious losses in agriculture worldwide, and efforts have been made to control these parasitic weeds. Understanding the characteristic physiological processes in the life cycle of root parasitic weeds is particularly important to identify specific targets for growth modulators. In our previous study, planteose metabolism was revealed to be activated soon after the perception of strigolactones in germinating seeds of O. minor. Nojirimycin inhibited planteose metabolism and impeded seed germination of O. minor, indicating a possible target for root parasitic weed control. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of planteose in dry seeds of O. minor by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging. Planteose was detected in tissues surrounding-but not within-the embryo, supporting its suggested role as a storage carbohydrate. Biochemical assays and molecular characterization of an α-galactosidase family member, OmAGAL2, indicated that the enzyme is involved in planteose hydrolysis in the apoplast around the embryo after the perception of strigolactones, to provide the embryo with essential hexoses for germination. These results indicate that OmAGAL2 is a potential molecular target for root parasitic weed control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okazawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Atsuya Baba
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Hikaru Okano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tokunaga
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Nakaue
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
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17
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Yan B, Tao Y, Huang C, Lai C, Yong Q. Using One-pot Fermentation Technology to Prepare Enzyme Cocktail to Sustainably Produce Low Molecular Weight Galactomannans from Sesbania cannabina Seeds. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3016-3030. [PMID: 35334068 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis using β-mannanase and α-galactosidase is necessary to produce low molecular weight galactomannan (LMW-GM) from galactomannans (GM) in the leguminous seeds. In this study, different ratios of avicel and melibiose were used as the inductors (carbon sources) for Trichoderma reesei to metabolize the enzyme cocktail containing β-mannanase and α-galactosidase using one-pot fermentation technology. The obtained enzyme cocktail was used to efficiently produce LMW-GM from GM in Sesbania cannabina seeds. Results showed that 15 g/L avicel and 10 g/L melibiose were the best carbon sources to prepare enzyme cocktail containing β-mannanase and α-galactosidase with activities of 3.69 ± 0.27 U/mL and 0.51 ± 0.02 U/mL, respectively. Specifically, melibiose could effectively induce the metabolite product of α-galactosidase by T. reesei, which showed good performance in degrading the galactose substituent from GM backbone. The degradation of galactose alleviated the spatial site-blocking effect for enzymatic hydrolysis by β-mannanase and improved the yield of LMW-GM. This research can lay the foundation for the industrial technology amplification of LMW-GM production for further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yuheng Tao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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18
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Hua B, Zhang M, Zhang J, Dai H, Zhang Z, Miao M. CsAGA1 and CsAGA2 Mediate RFO Hydrolysis in Partially Distinct Manner in Cucumber Fruits. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13285. [PMID: 34948084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) is one of the major translocated sugars in the vascular bundle of cucumber, but little RFOs can be detected in fruits. Alpha-galactosidases (α-Gals) catalyze the first catabolism step of RFOs. Six α-Gal genes exist in a cucumber genome, but their spatial functions in fruits remain unclear. Here, we found that RFOs were highly accumulated in vascular tissues. In phloem sap, the stachyose and raffinose content was gradually decreased, whereas the content of sucrose, glucose and fructose was increased from pedicel to fruit top. Three alkaline forms instead of acid forms of α-Gals were preferentially expressed in fruit vascular tissues and alkaline forms have stronger RFO-hydrolysing activity than acid forms. By inducible gene silencing of three alkaline forms of α-Gals, stachyose was highly accumulated in RNAi-CsAGA2 plants, while raffinose and stachyose were highly accumulated in RNAi-CsAGA1 plants. The content of sucrose, glucose and fructose was decreased in both RNAi-CsAGA1 and RNAi-CsAGA2 plants after β-estradiol treatment. In addition, the fresh- and dry-weight of fruits were significantly decreased in RNAi-CsAGA1 and RNAi-CsAGA2 plants. In cucurbitaceous plants, the non-sweet motif within the promoter of ClAGA2 is widely distributed in the promoter of its homologous genes. Taken together, we found RFOs hydrolysis occurred in the vascular tissues of fruits. CsAGA1 and CsAGA2 played key but partly distinct roles in the hydrolysis of RFOs.
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19
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Nowicki M, Komar M, Kusztal M, Mizia-Stec K, Liberek T, Małyszko J, Muras-Szwedziak K, Pawlaczyk K, Podolec P, Sławek J. First two years of reimbursed enzyme replacement therapy in the treatment of Fabry disease in Poland. F1000Res 2021; 10:841. [PMID: 34745562 PMCID: PMC8561609 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55313.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an ultra-rare genetic lysosomal storage disease caused by pathologic gene variants resulting in insufficient expression of α-galactosidase A. This enzyme deficiency leads to accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and globotriaosylsphingosine in plasma and in different cells throughout the body, causing major cardiovascular, renal, and nervous system complications. Until 2018, reimbursed enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for FD was available in all European Union countries except Poland. We present the preliminary results of the first two years of reimbursed ERT in Poland. We obtained data from the seven largest academic centers in Katowice, Cracow, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, Warsaw, and Łódź. The questionnaire included the following data: number of patients treated, number of patients qualified for ERT, and patient characteristics. All centers returned completed questionnaires that included data for a total of 71 patients (28 men and 43 women) as of June 2021. Thirty-five patients with the diagnosis of FD confirmed by genetic testing (22 men and 13 women) had already qualified for reimbursed ERT. Mean (SD) age at the commencement of the ERT program was 39.6 (15.5) years (range 18-79 years). Mean time from the first clinical symptoms reported by the patients to the FD diagnosis was 21.1 (8.9) years, and the mean time from the final diagnosis of FD to the beginning of ERT was 4.7 (4.6) years. FD is still underdiagnosed in Poland. To identify undiagnosed FD patients and to ensure that patients in Poland benefit fully from ERT, implementation of an effective nationwide screening strategy and close cooperation with a network of rare disease centers is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Nowicki
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Monika Komar
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kusztal
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Liberek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Małyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Muras-Szwedziak
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pawlaczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences Karol Marcinkowski, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Podolec
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Sławek
- Department of Neurological-Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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20
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Nowicki M, Komar M, Kusztal M, Mizia-Stec K, Liberek T, Małyszko J, Muras-Szwedziak K, Pawlaczyk K, Podolec P, Sławek J. First two years of reimbursed enzyme replacement therapy in the treatment of Fabry disease in Poland. F1000Res 2021; 10:841. [PMID: 34745562 PMCID: PMC8561609 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55313.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an ultra-rare genetic lysosomal storage disease caused by pathologic gene variants resulting in insufficient expression of α-galactosidase A. This enzyme deficiency leads to accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and globotriaosylsphingosine in plasma and in different cells throughout the body, causing major cardiovascular, renal, and nervous system complications. Until 2018, reimbursed enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for FD was available in all European Union countries except Poland. We present the preliminary results of the first two years of reimbursed ERT in Poland. We obtained data from the seven largest academic centers in Katowice, Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, Warszawa, and Łódź. The questionnaire included the following data: number of patients treated, number of patients qualified for ERT, and patient characteristics. All centers returned completed questionnaires that included data for a total of 71 patients (28 men and 43 women) as of June 2021. Thirty-five patients with the diagnosis of FD confirmed by genetic testing (22 men and 13 women) had already qualified for reimbursed ERT. Mean (SD) age at the commencement of the ERT program was 39.6 (15.5) years (range 18-79 years). Mean time from the first clinical symptoms reported by the patients to the FD diagnosis was 21.1 (8.9) years, and the mean time from the final diagnosis of FD to the beginning of ERT was 4.7 (4.6) years. FD is still underdiagnosed in Poland. To identify undiagnosed FD patients and to ensure that patients in Poland benefit fully from ERT, implementation of an effective nationwide screening strategy and close cooperation with a network of rare disease centers is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Nowicki
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Monika Komar
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kusztal
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Liberek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Małyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Muras-Szwedziak
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pawlaczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences Karol Marcinkowski, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Podolec
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Sławek
- Department of Neurological-Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Merlo-Mas J, Tomsen-Melero J, Corchero JL, González-Mira E, Font A, Pedersen JN, García-Aranda N, Cristóbal-Lecina E, Alcaina-Hernando M, Mendoza R, Garcia-Fruitós E, Lizarraga T, Resch S, Schimpel C, Falk A, Pulido D, Royo M, Schwartz S, Abasolo I, Pedersen JS, Danino D, Soldevila A, Veciana J, Sala S, Ventosa N, Córdoba A. Application of Quality by Design to the robust preparation of a liposomal GLA formulation by DELOS-susp method. J Supercrit Fluids 2021; 173:105204. [PMID: 34219919 PMCID: PMC8085735 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Robust preparation of liposomal formulation by DELOS-susp method. Implementation of Quality by Design methodology to liposomes preparation. Influence of critical parameters on quality was studied through DoE analysis. Design Space was obtained for GLA-loaded liposomes formulation.
Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disease arising from a deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A (GLA). The enzyme deficiency results in an accumulation of glycolipids, which over time, leads to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal disease, ultimately leading to death in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Currently, lysosomal storage disorders are treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) through the direct administration of the missing enzyme to the patients. In view of their advantages as drug delivery systems, liposomes are increasingly being researched and utilized in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, but one of the main barriers to market is their scalability. Depressurization of an Expanded Liquid Organic Solution into aqueous solution (DELOS-susp) is a compressed fluid-based method that allows the reproducible and scalable production of nanovesicular systems with remarkable physicochemical characteristics, in terms of homogeneity, morphology, and particle size. The objective of this work was to optimize and reach a suitable formulation for in vivo preclinical studies by implementing a Quality by Design (QbD) approach, a methodology recommended by the FDA and the EMA to develop robust drug manufacturing and control methods, to the preparation of α-galactosidase-loaded nanoliposomes (nanoGLA) for the treatment of Fabry disease. Through a risk analysis and a Design of Experiments (DoE), we obtained the Design Space in which GLA concentration and lipid concentration were found as critical parameters for achieving a stable nanoformulation. This Design Space allowed the optimization of the process to produce a nanoformulation suitable for in vivo preclinical testing.
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Key Words
- BCA, Bicinchoninic acid assay
- CMA, Critical Material Attributes
- CO2, Carbon dioxide
- CPP, Critical Process Parameters
- CQA, Critical Quality Attribute
- Chol, Cholesterol
- Chol-PEG400-RGD, Cholesterol pegylated with arginyl–glycyl–aspartic (RGD) acid peptide
- CoA, Certificate of Analysis
- Cryo-TEM, Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy
- DELOS
- DELOS-susp, Depressurization of an Expanded Liquid Organic Solution into aqueous solution
- DLS, Dynamic Light Scattering
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPPC, 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- DoE, Design of Experiments
- EA, Enzymatic Activity
- EE, Entrapment Efficiency
- EHS, Environment, Health and Safety
- EMA, European Medicines Agency
- ERT, Enzyme Replacement Therapy
- EtOH, Ethanol
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- Fabry disease
- GLA, α-galactosidase A enzyme
- H2O, Water
- HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- ICH, Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
- LSD, Lysosomal storage disorders
- MKC, Myristalkonium chloride
- N2, Nitrogen
- NTA, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
- PEG, Polyethylene Glycol
- PIC, Pressure Indicator Controller
- PLS, Partial Least Squares
- PdI, Polydispersity Index
- Protein-loaded liposomes
- Pw, Working pressure
- QbD, Quality by Design
- Quality by Design
- RGD, Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid
- S-MLS, Static Multiple Light Scattering
- SAXS, Small-Angle X-ray Scattering
- SDS-PAGE, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
- SbD, Safe by Design
- Scale-up
- TFF, Tangential Flow Filtration
- TGX, Trys-Glycine eXtended
- TIC, Temperature Indicator Controller
- TSI, Turbiscan Stability Index
- Tw, Working temperature
- USP, United States Pharmacopeia
- XCO2, Carbon dioxide molar fraction
- fsingle, Ratio of monolayered liposomes
- nanoGLA, GLA-loaded nanoliposomes
- α-galactosidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Merlo-Mas
- Nanomol Technologies S.L., 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Judit Tomsen-Melero
- Nanomol Technologies S.L., 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Corchero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB-UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Elisabet González-Mira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jannik N Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Natalia García-Aranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Functional Validation and Preclinical Research, Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicina, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar Cristóbal-Lecina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB-UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB-UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Susanne Resch
- BioNanoNet Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Falk
- BioNanoNet Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Pulido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simó Schwartz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Functional Validation and Preclinical Research, Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicina, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Functional Validation and Preclinical Research, Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicina, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Dganit Danino
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santi Sala
- Nanomol Technologies S.L., 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Córdoba
- Nanomol Technologies S.L., 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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22
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Liu X, Xing K, Ning R, Carné S, Wu X, Nie W. Impact of combined α-galactosidase and xylanase enzymes on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, chyme viscosity, and enzymes activity of broilers fed corn-soybean diets. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab088. [PMID: 33744922 PMCID: PMC8186538 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a combined α-galactosidase and xylanase preparation on nutrients digestibility and growth performance in broiler chickens. Experiment 1 had 240 broilers allocated to 3 treatments with the dietary supplementation of 0, 300, and 500 g/t of the enzyme combination. Diet and amino acid (AA) digestibility were assessed. Experiment 2 was a 2 × 3 (enzyme × diet) factorial arrangement with 10 replicates of 12 male broilers per replicate. Diets were based on corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet and had 3 nutritional levels (normal, 2% apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and crude protein (CP) reduction, and 4% AME and CP reduction). Each of these diets was fed with or without enzyme supplementation. Growth performance, chyme viscosity, nutrients digestibility, and endogenous enzymes activity were assessed. In experiment 1, enzyme supplementation improved the digestibility of Ca (P = 0.025) and ileal digestibility of total AA, Pro, Alu, Ile, Lys, His, Thr, Glu, Val, Leu, Tyr, and Phe (P < 0.05), and also tended to increase the AME of diets (P < 0.10). In experiment 2, broilers fed the corn-SBM diet with 4% nutrient reduction had better growth performance (P < 0.05), jejunal digesta viscosity at 42 d (P < 0.01), and lower digestibility of gross energy (GE; P < 0.05) when compared with those fed the normal nutrient diet. Enzyme inclusion increased digestibility of CP (P = 0.044), GE (P = 0.009), raffinose (P < 0.001) and stachyose (P < 0.001), improved average daily gain (P = 0.031), and reduced jejunal digesta viscosity at 42 d (P = 0.011). Besides, similar improvements trend in amylase, trypsin, sucrase, and maltase activity with enzyme inclusion were observed as with energy. These data support that the enzyme supplementation increased nutrients and ileal AA digestibility, improved performance and endogenous enzymes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Kun Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ran Ning
- National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Sergi Carné
- Industrial Técnica Pecuaria S.A. (ITPSA), Barcelona 08011, Spain
| | - Xingqiang Wu
- Industrial Técnica Pecuaria S.A. (ITPSA), Barcelona 08011, Spain
| | - Wei Nie
- National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
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23
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Kalaivani V, Nikarika R, Shoma N, Arunraj R. Delayed hydrolysis of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (RFO) affects critical germination of chickpeas. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:298. [PMID: 34194891 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are converted into sucrose and galactose by α-galactosidase during germination. Seed osmopriming with a low concentration of potassium nitrate (KNO3) induces early and synchronized germination by activating hydrolases. Here, we report the effect of osmopriming on the germination indices of chickpea, its effects on α-galactosidase, and the fate of total RFOs. Chickpea seeds primed with 100 µM KNO3 show early and synchronized germination but with reduced vigour after 48 h after imbibition (HAI) due to excess sucrose accumulation. The KNO3 suppressed the activity of α-galactosidase during the imbibition stage that was later derepressed after 24 HAI, hence decreased the RFO levels accumulating high levels of sucrose after 48 HAI. The accumulated sucrose imposed a negative effect on the germination characteristics, particularly on seed vigour. Our results suggested that the sugar release and utilization were highly regulated and crucial during imbibition and germination; the enzyme α-galactosidase regulates sugar release from seed RFO reserve.
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24
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Aulitto M, Strazzulli A, Sansone F, Cozzolino F, Monti M, Moracci M, Fiorentino G, Limauro D, Bartolucci S, Contursi P. Prebiotic properties of Bacillus coagulans MA-13: production of galactoside hydrolyzing enzymes and characterization of the transglycosylation properties of a GH42 β-galactosidase. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:71. [PMID: 33736637 PMCID: PMC7977261 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spore-forming lactic acid bacterium Bacillus coagulans MA-13 has been isolated from canned beans manufacturing and successfully employed for the sustainable production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic biomass. Among lactic acid bacteria, B. coagulans strains are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for human consumption. Low-cost microbial production of industrially valuable products such as lactic acid and various enzymes devoted to the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and lactose, is of great importance to the food industry. Specifically, α- and β-galactosidases are attractive for their ability to hydrolyze not-digestible galactosides present in the food matrix as well as in the human gastrointestinal tract. Results In this work we have explored the potential of B. coagulans MA-13 as a source of metabolites and enzymes to improve the digestibility and the nutritional value of food. A combination of mass spectrometry analysis with conventional biochemical approaches has been employed to unveil the intra- and extra- cellular glycosyl hydrolase (GH) repertoire of B. coagulans MA-13 under diverse growth conditions. The highest enzymatic activity was detected on β-1,4 and α-1,6-glycosidic linkages and the enzymes responsible for these activities were unambiguously identified as β-galactosidase (GH42) and α-galactosidase (GH36), respectively. Whilst the former has been found only in the cytosol, the latter is localized also extracellularly. The export of this enzyme may occur through a not yet identified secretion mechanism, since a typical signal peptide is missing in the α-galactosidase sequence. A full biochemical characterization of the recombinant β-galactosidase has been carried out and the ability of this enzyme to perform homo- and hetero-condensation reactions to produce galacto-oligosaccharides, has been demonstrated. Conclusions Probiotics which are safe for human use and are capable of producing high levels of both α-galactosidase and β-galactosidase are of great importance to the food industry. In this work we have proven the ability of B. coagulans MA-13 to over-produce these two enzymes thus paving the way for its potential use in treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01553-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Andrea Strazzulli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Sansone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Moracci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies On Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies On Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy. .,Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies On Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy.
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25
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Liu Y, Yang J, Wang K, Duan F, Lu L. Carrier-Free Immobilization of α-Galactosidase as Nano-Biocatalysts for Synthesizing Prebiotic α-Galacto-Oligosaccharides. Molecules 2021; 26:1248. [PMID: 33669157 PMCID: PMC7956481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galacto-oligosaccharides (α-GOSs) have great functions as prebiotics and therapeutics. This work established the method of batch synthesis of α-GOSs by immobilized α-galactosidase for the first time, laying a foundation for industrial applications in the future. The α-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger L63 was immobilized as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) nano-biocatalyst through enzyme precipitating and cross-linking steps without using carriers. Among the tested agents, the ammonium sulfate showed high precipitation efficacy and induced regular structures of α-galactosidase CLEAs (Aga-CLEAs) that had been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Through optimization by response surface methodology, the ammonium sulfate-induced Aga-CLEAs achieved a high activity recovery of around 90% at 0.55 U/mL of enzymes and 36.43 mM glutaraldehyde with cross-linking for 1.71 h. Aga-CLEAs showed increased thermal stability and organic solvent tolerance. The storage ability was also improved since it maintained 74.5% activity after storing at 4 °C for three months, significantly higher than that of the free enzyme (21.6%). Moreover, Aga-CLEAs exhibited excellent reusability in the α-GOSs synthesis from galactose, retaining above 66% of enzyme activity after 10 batch reactions, with product yields all above 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lili Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (K.W.); (F.D.)
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26
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Galili U, Stone KR. In Situ "Humanization" of Porcine Bioprostheses: Demonstration of Tendon Bioprostheses Conversion into Human ACL and Possible Implications for Heart Valve Bioprostheses. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:10. [PMID: 33445522 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the first studies on successful conversion of porcine soft-tissue bioprostheses into viable permanently functional tissue in humans. This process includes gradual degradation of the porcine tissue, with concomitant neo-vascularization and reconstruction of the implanted bioprosthesis with human cells and extracellular matrix. Such a reconstruction process is referred to in this review as “humanization”. Humanization was achieved with porcine bone-patellar-tendon-bone (BTB), replacing torn anterior-cruciate-ligament (ACL) in patients. In addition to its possible use in orthopedic surgery, it is suggested that this humanization method should be studied as a possible mechanism for converting implanted porcine bioprosthetic heart-valves (BHV) into viable tissue valves in young patients. Presently, these patients are only implanted with mechanical heart-valves, which require constant anticoagulation therapy. The processing of porcine bioprostheses, which enables humanization, includes elimination of α-gal epitopes and partial (incomplete) crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Studies on implantation of porcine BTB bioprostheses indicated that enzymatic elimination of α-gal epitopes prevents subsequent accelerated destruction of implanted tissues by the natural anti-Gal antibody, whereas the partial crosslinking by glutaraldehyde molecules results in their function as “speed bumps” that slow the infiltration of macrophages. Anti-non gal antibodies produced against porcine antigens in implanted bioprostheses recruit macrophages, which infiltrate at a pace that enables slow degradation of the porcine tissue, neo-vascularization, and infiltration of fibroblasts. These fibroblasts align with the porcine collagen-fibers scaffold, secrete their collagen-fibers and other extracellular-matrix (ECM) components, and gradually replace porcine tissues degraded by macrophages with autologous functional viable tissue. Porcine BTB implanted in patients completes humanization into autologous ACL within ~2 years. The similarities in cells and ECM comprising heart-valves and tendons, raises the possibility that porcine BHV undergoing a similar processing, may also undergo humanization, resulting in formation of an autologous, viable, permanently functional, non-calcifying heart-valves.
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27
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Lafond M, Tauzin AS, Bruel L, Laville E, Lombard V, Esque J, André I, Vidal N, Pompeo F, Quinson N, Perrier J, Fons M, Potocki-Veronese G, Giardina T. α-Galactosidase and Sucrose-Kinase Relationships in a Bi-functional AgaSK Enzyme Produced by the Human Gut Symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus E1. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:579521. [PMID: 33281771 PMCID: PMC7688924 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant α-galactosides belonging to the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and considered as prebiotics, are commonly degraded by α-galactosidases produced by the human gut microbiome. In this environment, the Ruminococcus gnavus E1 symbiont-well-known for various benefit-is able to produce an original RgAgaSK bifunctional enzyme. This enzyme contains an hydrolytic α-galactosidase domain linked to an ATP dependent extra-domain, specifically involved in the α-galactoside hydrolysis and the phosphorylation of the glucose, respectively. However, the multi-modular relationships between both catalytic domains remained hitherto unexplored and has been, consequently, herein investigated. Biochemical characterization of heterologously expressed enzymes either in full-form or in separated domains revealed similar kinetic parameters. These results were supported by molecular modeling studies performed on the whole enzyme in complex with different RFOs. Further enzymatic analysis associated with kinetic degradation of various substrates followed by high pressure anionic exchange chromatography revealed that catalytic efficiency decreased as the number of D-galactosyl moieties branched onto the oligosaccharide increased, suggesting a preference of RgAgaSK for RFO's short chains. A wide prevalence and abundance study on a human metagenomic library showed a high prevalence of the RgAgaSK encoding gene whatever the health status of the individuals. Finally, phylogeny and synteny studies suggested a limited spread by horizontal transfer of the clusters' containing RgAgaSK to only few species of Firmicutes, highlighting the importance of these undispersed tandem activities in the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Lafond
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | | | - Laetitia Bruel
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Jérémy Esque
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle André
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Vidal
- Yelen Analytics, Aix-Marseille Université, ICR, Marseille, France
| | | | - Nathalie Quinson
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Josette Perrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Fons
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IMM, BIP, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thierry Giardina
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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28
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Chen SC, Wu SP, Chang YY, Hwang TS, Lee TH, Hsu CH. Crystal Structure of α-Galactosidase from Thermus thermophilus: Insight into Hexamer Assembly and Substrate Specificity. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:6161-6169. [PMID: 32390413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of a terminal α-galactose residue in galacto-oligosaccharides and has potential in various industrial applications and food processing. We determined the crystal structures of α-galactosidase from the thermophilic microorganism Thermus thermophilus (TtGalA) and its complexes with pNPGal and stachyose. The monomer folds into an N-terminal domain, a catalytic (β/α)8 barrel domain, and a C-terminal domain. The domain organization is similar to that of the other family of 36 α-galactosidases, but TtGalA presents a cagelike hexamer. Structural analysis shows that oligomerization may be a key factor for the thermal adaption of TtGalA. The structure of TtGalA complexed with stachyose reveals only the existence of one -1 subsite and one +1 subsite in the active site. Structural comparison of the stachyose-bound complexes of TtGalA and GsAgaA, a tetrameric enzyme with four subsites, suggests evolutionary divergence of substrate specificity within the GH36 family of α-galactosidases. To the best of our knowledge, the crystal structure of TtGalA is the first report of a quaternary structure as a hexameric assembly in the α-galactosidase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chia Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Pei Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yung Chang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzann-Shun Hwang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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29
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Geng X, Yang D, Zhang Q, Chang M, Xu L, Cheng Y, Wang H, Meng J. Good hydrolysis activity on raffinose family oligosaccharides by a novel α-galactosidase from Tremella aurantialba. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1249-1257. [PMID: 31739012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An α-galactosidase designated as TAG was purified from the dried fruit bodies of Tremella aurantialba with 182.5-fold purification. The purification procedure involved ion exchange chromatography on Q-sepharose, DEAE-Cellulose, and Mono Q and gel filtration by FPLC on Superdex 75. The purified α-galactosidase was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 88 kDa. The optimal pH of TAG was 5.0 and more than 60% of the original enzyme activity remained at pH 2.0 and 3.0. Its optimal temperature was 54 °C with good thermo-stability, 30.8% of the original activity was retained after exposure to a temperature of 70 °C for 1 h. The metal ions Hg2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and Mg2+ strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was found to be inhibited by N-bromosuccinimide indicating that tryptophan was essential to the catalytic activity of α-galactosidase. The enzyme completely hydrolysed stachyose and partially hydrolysed raffinose to galactose at 50 °C within 6 h as detected by thin layer chromatography and the dinitrosalicylic acid method and the content of reducing sugar reached 4.36 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiaoyi Zhang
- Orient Science & Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, China
| | - Mingchang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Lijing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Junlong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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30
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Balendran S, Oliva P, Sansen S, Mechtler TP, Streubel B, Cobos PN, Lukacs Z, Kasper DC. Diagnostic strategy for females suspected of Fabry disease. Clin Genet 2020; 97:655-660. [PMID: 31860127 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A total of 11 948 females suspicious of Fabry disease were tested by a combined biochemical and genetic approach. The enzyme activity, together with the concentration of lyso-GL-3 (lyso-Gb3) biomarker in dried blood spots (DBS), substantially improved the diagnostic detection of Fabry disease in females compared to the enzyme activity alone. Abnormal values for both were highly suspicious of Fabry disease (97% positive predictive value [PPV], similar to PPV in males). In cases with one abnormal biochemical value, elevated lyso-GL-3 is a far more important indicator than low enzyme activity (39% PPV vs 6% PPV). Cases with clearly negative results for both biochemical parameters are unlikely to have Fabry disease, even in clinically highly suspicious cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Berthold Streubel
- Department of Pathology, The Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulina N Cobos
- Newborn Screening and Metabolic Diagnostics Unit, Hamburg University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Lukacs
- Newborn Screening and Metabolic Diagnostics Unit, Hamburg University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
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Sestito S, Falvo F, Sallemi A, Petrisano M, Scuderi MG, Tarsitano F, D'Angelo G, Betta P, Roppa K, Parisi F, Pensabene L, Fede C, Chimenz R, Concolino D. Renal involvement in paediatric Fabry disease. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:59-63. Special Issue: Focus on Pediatric Nephrology. [PMID: 31630715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anderson-Fabry Disease (AFD) is a rare, X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid catabolism caused by a deficient or absent activity of the lysosomal enzyme, α-galactosidase A, resulting in the progressive multisystem lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Among the wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms and the life-threatening complications of Fabry disease, renal failure causes significant morbidity and mortality. Various evidence shows that the accumulation of Gb3 in different renal cells is present since the first years of life, many years and usually decades before manifest symptoms and signs of renal involvement. Early renal damage can be demonstrated by clinical signs as microalbuminuria and proteinuria, developing as early as in the second decade of life. A decline in GFR is uncommon at paediatric ages but may be seen as early as adolescence. Renal biopsy is rarely used in paediatric patients with Fabry disease although evidence shows that it may be considered a valid tool for the diagnosis of early and potentially reversible nephropathy, as well as for the evaluation of the effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Although there is consensus in considering the early initiation of ERT as the only tool able to prevent the progression of nephropathy, the issue on the correct timing for the onset of ERT in pediatric age remains open in the management of this chronic and progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sestito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - F Falvo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A Sallemi
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - M Petrisano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - M G Scuderi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Italy
| | - F Tarsitano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - G D'Angelo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - P Betta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Italy
| | - K Roppa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - F Parisi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - L Pensabene
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - C Fede
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis. University of Messina. Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - R Chimenz
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis. University of Messina. Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy
| | - D Concolino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Bayraktar H, Önal S. Cross-linked α-galactosidase aggregates: optimization, characterization and application in the hydrolysis of raffinose-type oligosaccharides in soymilk. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4748-4760. [PMID: 30932192 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of α-galactosidase, partially purified from maize (Zea mays) flour, were prepared. The impact of various parameters on enzyme activity was examined to optimize the immobilization procedure. Biochemical characterization of the free and immobilized enzyme was carried out. Stability (thermal, pH, storage and operational stability) and reusability tests were performed. The potential use of the free enzyme and the CLEAs in hydrolysis processes of raffinose-type oligosaccharides present in soymilk was investigated. RESULTS α-galactosidase CLEAs were prepared with 47% activity recovery under optimum conditions [1:5 (v/v) enzyme solution:saturated ammonium sulfate solution ratio; 7.5 mg protein and 0.1% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, 6 h, 4 °C, 150 rpm]. α-galactosidase CLEAs exhibited increased stability in comparison to the free enzyme. The CLEAs and the free enzyme showed a maximum activity at 40°C and their optimal pH values were5.5 and 6.0, respectively. Kinetic constants (KM , Vmax and kcat ) were calculated for the free enzyme and the CLEAs in the presence of p-nitrophenyl-α-d-galactopyranoside, stachyose, melibiose and raffinose. The effect of various chemicals and sugars on enzyme activity showed that both enzyme forms were significantly inhibited by HgCl2 and galactose. The CLEAs hydrolyzed 85% of raffinose and 96% of stachyose. CONCLUSION The α-galactosidase CLEAs, with their satisfactory enzymatic characteristics, have much potential for use in the food and feed industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Bayraktar
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir, Turkey
| | - Seçil Önal
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir, Turkey
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Wang ZP, Zhang LL, Liu S, Liu XY, Yu XJ. Whole Conversion of Soybean Molasses into Isomaltulose and Ethanol by Combining Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Successive Selective Fermentations. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E353. [PMID: 31404957 PMCID: PMC6722743 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Isomaltulose is mainly produced from sucrose by microbial fermentation, when the utilization of sucrose contributes a high production cost. To achieve a low-cost isomaltulose production, soy molasses was introduced as an alternative substrate. Firstly, α-galactosidase gene from Rhizomucor miehei was expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica, which then showed a galactosidase activity of 121.6 U/mL. Under the effects of the recombinant α-galactosidase, most of the raffinose-family oligosaccharides in soy molasses were hydrolyzed into sucrose. Then the soy molasses hydrolysate with high sucrose content (22.04%, w/w) was supplemented into the medium, with an isomaltulose production of 209.4 g/L, and the yield of 0.95 g/g. Finally, by virtue of the bioremoval process using Pichia stipitis, sugar byproducts in broth were transformed into ethanol at the end of fermentation, thus resulting in high isomaltulose purity (97.8%). The bioprocess employed in this study provides a novel strategy for low-cost and efficient isomaltulose production from soybean molasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Wang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266510, China
| | - Song Liu
- Development & Reform Bureau, West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Xin-Jun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Katrolia P, Liu X, Li J, Kopparapu NK. Enhanced elimination of non-digestible oligosaccharides from soy milk by immobilized α-galactosidase: A comparative analysis. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13005. [PMID: 31393013 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study compared two immobilization matrices like calcium-alginate and chitosan for immobilization of α-galactosidase and evaluated their potential for the removal of non-digestible raffinose family oligosaccharides from soy milk which cause abdominal discomfort. The pH optima of the free and immobilized enzymes were found to be similar at pH 4.0. The chitosan-immobilized α-galactosidase displayed higher optimal temperature (60°C) compared to alginate-immobilized enzyme (45°C) and free enzyme (50°C). The chitosan-immobilized and alginate-immobilized α-galactosidases displayed 93.7% and 97.6% hydrolysis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, respectively, while the free enzyme hydrolyzed only 30.3% oligosaccharides present in soy milk in 4 hr. Remarkably, both the immobilized enzymes showed complete removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides in 8 hr. Moreover, reusability studies indicate that even after five cycles of reuse, the chitosan and alginate-immobilized enzymes displayed 99% and 60% hydrolysis, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this study, we have used two inexpensive and non-toxic matrices for immobilizing α-galactosidase. We report that entrapment of α-galactosidase with chitosan significantly improved the optimal temperature of α-galactosidase, which is advantageous in food industry. The hydrolysis of raffinose family oligosaccharides in soy milk was also greatly enhanced after immobilization with chitosan and alginate. Thus, the results described in this study have relevance for development of safe, cost-effective and efficient method for removal of non-digestible soy oligosaccharides in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Katrolia
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key University Laboratory of Processing Agricultural Products, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China.,College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key University Laboratory of Processing Agricultural Products, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Junzhong Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key University Laboratory of Processing Agricultural Products, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Narasimha Kumar Kopparapu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key University Laboratory of Processing Agricultural Products, College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China.,College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Morabbi Heravi K, Watzlawick H, Altenbuchner J. The melREDCA Operon Encodes a Utilization System for the Raffinose Family of Oligosaccharides in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:e00109-19. [PMID: 31138628 DOI: 10.1128/JB.00109-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a heterotrophic soil bacterium that hydrolyzes different polysaccharides mainly found in the decomposed plants. These carbohydrates are mainly cellulose, hemicellulose, and the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs). RFOs are soluble α-galactosides, such as raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose, that rank second only after sucrose in abundance. Genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis of B. subtilis indicated the presence of a putative α-galactosidase-encoding gene (melA) located in the msmRE-amyDC-melA operon. Characterization of the MelA protein showed that it is a strictly Mn2+- and NAD+-dependent α-galactosidase able to hydrolyze melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose. Transcription of the msmER-amyDC-melA operon is under control of a σA-type promoter located upstream of msmR (P msmR ), which is negatively regulated by MsmR. The activity of P msmR was induced in the presence of melibiose and raffinose. MsmR is a transcriptional repressor that binds to two binding sites at P msmR located upstream of the -35 box and downstream of the transcriptional start site. MsmEX-AmyCD forms an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that probably transports melibiose into the cell. Since msmRE-amyDC-melA is a melibiose utilization system, we renamed the operon melREDCA IMPORTANCE Bacillus subtilis utilizes different polysaccharides produced by plants. These carbohydrates are primarily degraded by extracellular hydrolases, and the resulting oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides are transported into the cytosol via phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems (PTS), major facilitator superfamily, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In this study, a new carbohydrate utilization system of B. subtilis responsible for the utilization of α-galactosides of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) was investigated. RFOs are synthesized from sucrose in plants and are mainly found in the storage organs of plant leaves. Our results revealed the modus operandi of a new carbohydrate utilization system in B. subtilis.
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Oliveira JP, Ferreira S. Multiple phenotypic domains of Fabry disease and their relevance for establishing genotype- phenotype correlations. Appl Clin Genet 2019; 12:35-50. [PMID: 30881085 PMCID: PMC6407513 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s146022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked glycosphingolipidosis resulting from deficient α-galactosidase A (AGAL) activity, caused by pathogenic mutations in the GLA gene. In males, the multisystemic involvement and the severity of tissue injury are critically dependent on the level of AGAL residual enzyme activity (REA) and on the metabolic load of the disease, but organ susceptibility to damage varies widely, with heart appearing as the most vulnerable to storage pathology, even with relatively high REA. The expression of FD can be conceived as a multidomain phenotype, where each of the component domains is the laboratory or clinical expression of the causative GLA mutation along a complex pathophysiologic cascade pathway. The AGAL enzyme activity is the most clinically useful marker of the protein phenotype. The metabolic phenotype and the pathologic phenotype are diverse expressions of the storage pathology, respectively, assessed by biochemical and histological/ultrastructural methods. The storage phenotypes are the direct consequences of enzyme deficiency and hence, together with the enzymatic phenotype, constitute the more specific diagnostic markers of FD. In the pathophysiology cascade, the clinical phenotypes are most distantly linked to the underlying genetic causation, being critically influenced by the patients’ gender and age, and modulated by the effects of variation in other genetic loci, of polygenic inheritance and of environmental risk factors. A major challenge in the clinical phenotyping of patients with FD is the differential diagnosis between its nonspecific, later-onset complications, particularly the cerebrovascular, cardiac and renal, and similar chronic illnesses that are common in the general population. Comprehensive phenotyping, whenever possible performed in hemizygous males, is therefore crucial for grading the severity of pathogenic GLA variants, to clarify the phenotypic correlations of hypomorphic alleles, to define benign polymorphisms, as well as to establish the pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Oliveira
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal, .,Service of Medical Genetics, São João University Hospital Centre, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health / [Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde], University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal,
| | - Susana Ferreira
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal, .,i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health / [Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde], University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal,
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Phoeurk C, Somana J, Sornwatana T, Udompaisarn S, Traewachiwiphak S, Sirichaiyakul P, Phongsak T, Arthan D. Three novel mutations in α-galactosidase gene involving in galactomannan degradation in endosperm of curd coconut. Phytochemistry 2018; 156:33-42. [PMID: 30172077 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The deficiency of α-galactosidase activity in coconut endosperm has been reported to cause a disability to hydrolyze oligogalactomannan in endosperm resulting in curd coconut phenotype. However, neither the α-galactosidase encoding gene in coconut nor the mutation type has been identified and characterized in normal and curd coconuts. In this study, cDNA and genomic DNA encoding α-galactosidase gene alleles from a normal and two curd coconuts were successfully cloned and characterized. The deduced amino acid of wild type α-galactosidase contains 398 amino acid residues with a 17 N-terminal amino acids signal peptide sequence. Three mutant alleles, the first 19-amino acids from 67 to 85 (ADALVSTGLARLGYQYVNL) deletion with S137R and the second R216T, were identified from curd coconut plant no.1 while the third P250R was identified from curd coconut plant no. 10. All mutations of α-galactosidase gene were confirmed by the analysis of parental genomic DNA from normal and curd coconuts. Heterologous expression in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) indicated that recombinant P250R, R216T and 19-amino acids deletion-S137R mutant proteins showed no α-galactosidase activity. Only the recombinant wild-type protein was able to detect for α-galactosidase activity. These results are in accordance with the no detection of α-galactosidase activity in developing curd coconut endosperms by tissue staining. While, the accumulation of enzyme activity was present in the solid endosperm of normal coconut. The full-length cDNA and parental genomic DNA sequences encoding α-galactosidase in normal coconut as well as identified curd coconut mutant alleles are reported in Genbank accession no. KJ957156 and KM001681-3. Transcription level of the α-galactosidase gene in mature curd coconut endosperm was at least 20 times higher than normal. In conclusion, absence of α-galactosidase activity caused by gene mutations associates with an accumulation of oligogalactomannan in endosperms, resulting in curd coconut phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanrith Phoeurk
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, 12101, Cambodia
| | - Jamorn Somana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Thakorn Sornwatana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Somsiri Udompaisarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Phanthila Sirichaiyakul
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thanawat Phongsak
- Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thepsatri Rajabhat University, Lopburi, 15000, Thailand
| | - Dumrongkiet Arthan
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Song Y, Sun W, Fan Y, Xue Y, Liu D, Ma C, Liu W, Mosher W, Luo X, Li Z, Ma W, Zhang T. Galactomannan Degrading Enzymes from the Mannan Utilization Gene Cluster of Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 and Their Synergy on Galactomannan Degradation. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:11055-11063. [PMID: 30351049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two glycoside hydrolases encoded by the mannan utilization gene cluster of alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 were studied. The recombinant Gal27A (rGal27A) hydrolyzed both galactomannans and oligo-galactomannans to release galactose, while the recombinant Man113A (rMan113A) showed poor activity toward galactomannans, but it hydrolyzed manno-oligosaccharides to release mannose and mannobiose. rGal27A showed synergistic interactions with rMan113A and recombinant β-mannanase ManA (rManA), which is also from Bacillus sp. N16-5, in galactomannan degradation. The synergy degree of rGal27A and rManA on hydrolysis of locust bean gum and guar gum was 1.13 and 2.21, respectively, and that of rGal27A and rMan113A reached 2.00 and 2.68. The main products of galactomannan hydrolyzed by rGal27A and rManA simultaneously were galactose, mannose, mannobiose, and mannotriose, while those of galactomannan hydrolyzed by rGal27A and rMan113A were galactose and mannose. The yields of mannose, mannobiose, and mannotriose dramatically increased compared with the hydrolysis in the presence of rManA or rMan113A alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Wenyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Yanli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Yanfen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Duoduo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Cuiping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Wenting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Wesley Mosher
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , University of Minnesota , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States
| | - Xuegang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
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Liern M, Collazo A, Valencia M, Fainboin A, Isse L, Costales-Collaguazo C, Ochoa F, Vallejo G, Zotta E. Podocyturia in paediatric patients with Fabry disease. Nefrologia 2018; 39:177-183. [PMID: 30139698 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fabry disease (FD) is a hereditary disorder caused by a deficiency of α-galactosidase A enzyme activity. The transmission of the disorder is linked to the X chromosome. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were: 1. To quantify the presence of podocytes in paediatric patients with FD and compare them with the value of the measured podocyturia in healthy controls. 2. To determine whether a greater podocyturia is related to the onset of pathological albuminuria in patients with FD. 3. To determine the risk factors associated with pathological albuminuria. METHODS We performed an analytical, observational study of Fabry and control subjects, which were separated into 2groups in accordance with the absence of the disease (control group) or the presence of the disease (Fabry group). RESULTS We studied 31 patients, 11 with FD and 20 controls, with a mean age of 11.6 years. The difference between the mean time elapsed from the diagnosis of FD to the measurement of podocyturia (40 months) and the onset of pathological albuminuria (34 months) was not significant (p=0.09). Podocytes were identified by staining for the presence of synaptopodin and the mean quantitative differences between both podocyturias were statistically significant (p=0.001). Albuminuria was physiological in 4 of the patients with FD and the relative risk to develop pathological albuminuria according to podocyturia was 1.1 in the control group and 3.9 in the Fabry group, with a coefficient of correlation between podocyturia and albuminuria in the Fabry group of 0.8354. Finally, the 2 risk factors associated with the development of pathological albuminuria were podocyturia (OR: 14) and being aged over 10 years (OR: 18). We found no significant risk with regard to glomerular filtrate renal (GFR) (OR: 0.5) or gender (OR: 1.3). The mean GFR remained within normal values. CONCLUSION The detection of podocyturia in paediatric patients with FD could be used as an early marker of renal damage, preceding and proportional to the occurrence of pathological albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Liern
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Anabella Collazo
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maylin Valencia
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Fainboin
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Isse
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Costales-Collaguazo
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas IFIBIO Houssay, CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Ochoa
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas IFIBIO Houssay, CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Vallejo
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa Zotta
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas IFIBIO Houssay, CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kytidou K, Beekwilder J, Artola M, van Meel E, Wilbers RHP, Moolenaar GF, Goosen N, Ferraz MJ, Katzy R, Voskamp P, Florea BI, Hokke CH, Overkleeft HS, Schots A, Bosch D, Pannu N, Aerts JMFG. Nicotiana benthamiana α-galactosidase A1.1 can functionally complement human α-galactosidase A deficiency associated with Fabry disease. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10042-10058. [PMID: 29674318 PMCID: PMC6028973 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.22) are retaining glycosidases that cleave terminal α-linked galactose residues from glycoconjugate substrates. α-Galactosidases take part in the turnover of cell wall-associated galactomannans in plants and in the lysosomal degradation of glycosphingolipids in animals. Deficiency of human α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) causes Fabry disease (FD), a heritable, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, characterized by accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3). Current management of FD involves enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT). An activity-based probe (ABP) covalently labeling the catalytic nucleophile of α-Gal A has been previously designed to study α-galactosidases for use in FD therapy. Here, we report that this ABP labels proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf extracts, enabling the identification and biochemical characterization of an N. benthamiana α-galactosidase we name here A1.1 (gene accession ID GJZM-1660). The transiently overexpressed and purified enzyme was a monomer lacking N-glycans and was active toward 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-d-galactopyranoside substrate (Km = 0.17 mm) over a broad pH range. A1.1 structural analysis by X-ray crystallography revealed marked similarities with human α-Gal A, even including A1.1's ability to hydrolyze Gb3 and lyso-Gb3, which are not endogenous in plants. Of note, A1.1 uptake into FD fibroblasts reduced the elevated lyso-Gb3 levels in these cells, consistent with A1.1 delivery to lysosomes as revealed by confocal microscopy. The ease of production and the features of A1.1, such as stability over a broad pH range, combined with its capacity to degrade glycosphingolipid substrates, warrant further examination of its value as a potential therapeutic agent for ERT-based FD management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- the Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, and
| | | | | | - Ruud H P Wilbers
- the Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, and
| | - Geri F Moolenaar
- Cloning and Protein Purification Facility, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden
| | - Nora Goosen
- Cloning and Protein Purification Facility, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden
| | | | | | | | | | - Cornelis H Hokke
- the Department of Parasitology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arjen Schots
- the Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, and
| | - Dirk Bosch
- the Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, and
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Fei Y, Li L, Chen L, Zheng Y, Yu B. High-throughput sequencing and culture-based approaches to analyze microbial diversity associated with chemical changes in naturally fermented tofu whey, a traditional Chinese tofu-coagulant. Food Microbiol 2018; 76:69-77. [PMID: 30166192 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naturally fermented tofu whey (NFTW) has been used as traditional tofu coagulant in China for hundreds of years. In this study, the microbial diversity in NFTW was firstly analyzed with high-throughput sequencing and its effect on chemical contents of tofu whey (TW) was investigated. Lactobacillus with 95.31% was the predominant genus in the microbial community of NFTW while Picha, Enterococcus, Bacillus and Acetobacter occupied about only 0.90%, 0.04%, 0.02% and 0.09%, respectively. Besides, Lactobacillus amylolyticus were determined to be one of the dominated species with metagenomic analysis and culture method. Lactobacillus with α-galactosidase activities played leading role in metabolizing the soybean oligosaccharides of TW to produce lactic acid. And acetic acid produced by genus of Acetobacter was another main organic acid attributed to the acidification of TW except lactic acid. Meanwhile, the bioconversion of isoflavone glucosides into aglycones could also be promoted by Lactobacillus with the help of β-glucosidase activity. Moreover, the production of equol in NFTW was confirmed, which might be jointly converted from daidzein by several strains. Therefore, our results indicated that Lactobacillus was the dominated microorganism and mainly affected the chemical changes of NFTW. This study help provide basic theory and technical references for the production of tofu and its derivative products (like sufu) with NFTW as coagulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Fei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Liyan Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Baoning Yu
- Guangdong Yantang Dairy Co.,Ltd., Guangzhou, 510507, China
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Oh SY, Youn SY, Park MS, Baek NI, Ji GE. Synthesis of Stachyobifiose Using Bifidobacterial α-Galactosidase Purified from Recombinant Escherichia coli. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:1184-1190. [PMID: 29363955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The prebiotic effects of GOS (galactooligosaccharides) are known to depend on the glycosidic linkages, degree of polymerization (DP), and the monosaccharide composition. In this study, a novel form of α-GOS with a potentially improved prebiotic effect was synthesized using bifidobacterial α-galactosidase (α-Gal) purified from recombinant Escherichia coli. The carbohydrate produced was identified as α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-d-fructofuranoside] and was termed stachyobifiose. Among 17 nonprobiotics, 16 nonprobiotics showed lower growth on stachyobifiose than β-GOS. In contrast, among the 16 probiotics, 6 probiotics showed higher growth on stachyobifiose than β-GOS. When compared with raffinose, stachyobifiose was used less by nonprobiotics than raffinose. Moreover, compared with stachyose, stachyobifiose was used less by Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Clostridium butyricum. The average amounts of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced were in the order of stachyobifiose > stachyose > raffinose > β-GOS. Taken together, stachyobifiose is expected to contribute to beneficial changes of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Youn
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Park
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co. Ltd., Kangwon 250-804, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hotel Culinary Arts, Yeonsung University , Gyeonggi 14011, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University , Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co. Ltd., Kangwon 250-804, Republic of Korea
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Imaizumi C, Tomatsu H, Kitazawa K, Yoshimi Y, Shibano S, Kikuchi K, Yamaguchi M, Kaneko S, Tsumuraya Y, Kotake T. Heterologous expression and characterization of an Arabidopsis β-l-arabinopyranosidase and α-d-galactosidases acting on β-l-arabinopyranosyl residues. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:4651-4661. [PMID: 28981776 PMCID: PMC5853685 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The major plant sugar l-arabinose (l-Ara) has two different ring forms, l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf) and l-arabinopyranose (l-Arap). Although l-Ara mainly appears in the form of α-l-Araf residues in cell wall components, such as pectic α-1,3:1,5-arabinan, arabinoxylan, and arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), lesser amounts of it can also be found as β-l-Arap residues of AGPs. Even though AGPs are known to be rapidly metabolized, the enzymes acting on the β-l-Arap residues remain to be identified. In the present study, four enzymes, which we call β-l-ARAPASE (APSE) and α-GALACTOSIDASE 1 (AGAL1), AGAL2, and AGAL3, are identified as those enzymes that are likely to be responsible for the hydrolysis of the β-l-Arap residues in Arabidopsis thaliana. An Arabidopsis apse-1 mutant showed significant reduction in β-l-arabinopyranosidase activity, and an apse-1 agal3-1 double-mutant exhibited even less activity. The apse-1 and the double-mutants both had more β-l-Arap residues in the cell walls than wild-type plants. Recombinant APSE expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris specifically hydrolyzed β-l-Arap residues and released l-Ara from gum arabic and larch arabinogalactan. The recombinant AGAL3 also showed weak β-l-arabinopyranosidase activity beside its strong α-galactosidase activity. It appears that the β-l-Arap residues of AGPs are hydrolysed mainly by APSE and partially by AGALs in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemi Imaizumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Harumi Tomatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiminari Kitazawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yoshimi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiji Shibano
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoichi Tsumuraya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Kytidou K, Beenakker TJM, Westerhof LB, Hokke CH, Moolenaar GF, Goosen N, Mirzaian M, Ferraz MJ, de Geus M, Kallemeijn WW, Overkleeft HS, Boot RG, Schots A, Bosch D, Aerts JMFG. Human Alpha Galactosidases Transiently Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves: New Insights in Substrate Specificities with Relevance for Fabry Disease. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1026. [PMID: 28680430 PMCID: PMC5478728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-GAL) causes Fabry disease (FD), an X-linked storage disease of the glycosphingolipid globtriaosylcerammide (Gb3) in lysosomes of various cells and elevated plasma globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3) toxic for podocytes and nociceptive neurons. Enzyme replacement therapy is used to treat the disease, but clinical efficacy is limited in many male FD patients due to development of neutralizing antibodies (Ab). Therapeutic use of modified lysosomal α-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase (α-NAGAL) with increased α-galactosidase activity (α-NAGALEL) has therefore been suggested. We transiently produced in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves functional α-GAL, α-NAGAL, and α-NAGALEL enzymes for research purposes. All enzymes could be visualized with activity-based probes covalently binding in their catalytic pocket. Characterization of purified proteins indicated that α-NAGALEL is improved in activity toward artificial 4MU-α-galactopyranoside. Recombinant α-NAGALEL and α-NAGAL are not neutralized by Ab-positive FD serum tested and are more stable in human plasma than α-GAL. Both enzymes hydrolyze the lipid substrates Gb3 and Lyso-Gb3 accumulating in Fabry patients. The addition to FD sera of α-NAGALEL, and to a lesser extent that of α-NAGAL, results in a reduction of the toxic Lyso-Gb3. In conclusion, our study suggests that modified α-NAGALEL might reduce excessive Lyso-Gb3 in FD serum. This neo-enzyme can be produced in Nicotiana benthamiana and might be further developed for the treatment of FD aiming at reduction of circulating Lyso-Gb3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassiani Kytidou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Lotte B. Westerhof
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences GroupWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Geri F. Moolenaar
- Cloning and Protein Purification Facility of Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Nora Goosen
- Cloning and Protein Purification Facility of Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria J. Ferraz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Mark de Geus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter W. Kallemeijn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Rolf G. Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences GroupWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Bosch
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences GroupWageningen, Netherlands
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Rashid MHO, Sadik G, Alam AK, Tanaka T. Chemical and structural characterization of α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase I and II from starfish, asterina amurensis. BMC Biochem 2017; 18:9. [PMID: 28545388 PMCID: PMC5445309 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-017-0085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The marine invertebrate starfish was found to contain a novel α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, α-GalNAcase II, which catalyzes removal of terminal α-N-acetylgalactosamine (α-GalNAc), in addition to a typical α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, α-GalNAcase I, which catalyzes removal of terminal α-N-acetylgalactosamine (α-GalNAc) and, to a lesser extent, galactose. The interrelationship between α-GalNAcase I and α-GalNAcase II and the molecular basis of their differences in substrate specificity remain unknown. RESULTS Chemical and structural comparisons between α-GalNAcase I and II using immunostaining, N-terminal amino acid sequencing and peptide analysis showed high homology to each other and also to other glycoside hydrolase family (GHF) 27 members. The amino acid sequence of peptides showed conserved residues at the active site as seen in typical α-GalNAcase. Some substitutions of conserved amino acid residues were found in α-GalNAcase II that were located near catalytic site. Among them G171 and A173, in place of C171 and W173, respectively in α-GalNAcase were identified to be responsible for lacking intrinsic α-galactosidase activity of α-GalNAcase II. Chemical modifications supported the presence of serine, aspartate and tryptophan as active site residues. Two tryptophan residues (W16 and W173) were involved in α-galactosidase activity, and one (W16) of them was involved in α-GalNAcase activity. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that α-GalNAcase I and II are closely related with respect to primary and higher order structure and that their structural differences are responsible for difference in substrate specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Harun-Or Rashid
- Institute of Biological Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Sadik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Ahm Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Toshihisa Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Stone KR, Walgenbach A, Galili U. Induced Remodeling of Porcine Tendons to Human Anterior Cruciate Ligaments by α-GAL Epitope Removal and Partial Cross-Linking. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2017; 23:412-419. [PMID: 28068870 PMCID: PMC5567590 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This review describes a novel method developed for processing porcine tendon and other ligament implants that enables in situ remodeling into autologous ligaments in humans. The method differs from methods using extracellular matrices (ECMs) that provide postoperative orthobiological support (i.e., augmentation grafts) for healing of injured ligaments, in that the porcine bone-patellar-tendon-bone itself serves as the graft replacing ruptured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The method allows for gradual remodeling of porcine tendon into autologous human ACL while maintaining the biomechanical integrity. The method was first evaluated in a preclinical model of monkeys and subsequently in patients. The method overcomes detrimental effects of the natural anti-Gal antibody and harnesses anti-non-gal antibodies for the remodeling process in two steps: Step 1. Elimination of α-gal epitopes—this epitope that is abundant in pigs (as in other nonprimate mammals) binds the natural anti-Gal antibody, which is the most abundant natural antibody in humans. This interaction, which can induce fast resorption of the porcine implant, is avoided by enzymatic elimination of α-gal epitopes from the implant with recombinant α-galactosidase. Step 2. Partial cross-linking of porcine tendon with glutaraldehyde—this cross-linking generates covalent bonds in the ECM, which slow infiltration of macrophages into the implant. Anti-non-gal antibodies are produced in recipients against the multiple porcine antigenic proteins and proteoglycans because of sequence differences between human and porcine homologous proteins. Anti-non-gal antibodies bind to the implant ECM, recruit macrophages, and induce the implant destruction by directing proteolytic activity of macrophages. Partial cross-linking of the tendon ECM decreases the extent of macrophage infiltration and degradation of the implant and enables concomitant infiltration of fibroblasts that follow the infiltrating macrophages. These fibroblasts align with the implant collagen fibers and secrete their own collagen and other ECM proteins, which gradually remodel the porcine tendon into human ACL. This ligamentization process lasts ∼2 years and the biomechanical integrity of the graft is maintained throughout the whole period. These studies are the first, and so far the only, to demonstrate remodeling of porcine tendon implants into permanently functional autologous ACL in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Stone
- 1 The Stone Clinic and Foundation , San Francisco, California
| | - Ann Walgenbach
- 1 The Stone Clinic and Foundation , San Francisco, California
| | - Uri Galili
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts (retired)
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Citro V, Cammisa M, Liguori L, Cimmaruta C, Lukas J, Cubellis MV, Andreotti G. The Large Phenotypic Spectrum of Fabry Disease Requires Graduated Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy: A Meta-Analysis Can Help to Differentiate Missense Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122010. [PMID: 27916943 PMCID: PMC5187810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is caused by mutations in the GLA gene and is characterized by a large genotypic and phenotypic spectrum. Missense mutations pose a special problem for graduating diagnosis and choosing a cost-effective therapy. Some mutants retain enzymatic activity, but are less stable than the wild type protein. These mutants can be stabilized by small molecules which are defined as pharmacological chaperones. The first chaperone to reach clinical trial is 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin, but others have been tested in vitro. Residual activity of GLA mutants has been measured in the presence or absence of pharmacological chaperones by several authors. Data obtained from transfected cells correlate with those obtained in cells derived from patients, regardless of whether 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin was present or not. The extent to which missense mutations respond to 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin is variable and a reference table of the results obtained by independent groups that is provided with this paper can facilitate the choice of eligible patients. A review of other pharmacological chaperones is provided as well. Frequent mutations can have residual activity as low as one-fourth of normal enzyme in vitro. The reference table with residual activity of the mutants facilitates the identification of non-pathological variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Citro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Marco Cammisa
- Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Chiara Cimmaruta
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Jan Lukas
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University Rostock Medical Center, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
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Sakaki Y, Tashiro M, Katou M, Sakuma C, Hirano T, Hakamata W, Nishio T. Enzymatic synthesis of novel oligosaccharides from N-acetylsucrosamine and melibiose using Aspergillus niger α-galactosidase, and properties of the products. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1836-42. [PMID: 27254139 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1189316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two kinds of oligosaccharides, N-acetylraffinosamine (RafNAc) and N-acetylplanteosamine (PlaNAc), were synthesized from N-acetylsucrosamine and melibiose using the transgalactosylation activity of Aspergillus niger α-galactosidase. RafNAc and PlaNAc are novel trisaccharides in which d-glucopyranose residues in raffinose (Raf) and planteose are replaced with N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. These trisaccharides were more stable in acidic solution than Raf. RafNAc was hydrolyzed more rapidly than Raf by α-galactosidase of green coffee bean. In contrast, RafNAc was not hydrolyzed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase, although Raf was hydrolyzed well by this enzyme. These results indicate that the physicochemical properties and steric structure of RafNAc differ considerably from those of Raf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sakaki
- a Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Fujisawa , Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tashiro
- b Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology , Meisei University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Moe Katou
- a Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Fujisawa , Japan
| | - Chiseko Sakuma
- c School of Pharmacy , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takako Hirano
- a Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Fujisawa , Japan
| | - Wataru Hakamata
- a Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Fujisawa , Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nishio
- a Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Fujisawa , Japan
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Zhou J, Liu Y, Lu Q, Zhang R, Wu Q, Li C, Li J, Tang X, Xu B, Ding J, Han N, Huang Z. Characterization of a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 27 α-Galactosidase from Pontibacter Reveals Its Novel Salt-Protease Tolerance and Transglycosylation Activity. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:2315-2324. [PMID: 26948050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
α-Galactosidases are of great interest in various applications. A glycoside hydrolase family 27 α-galactosidase was cloned from Pontibacter sp. harbored in a saline soil and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant enzyme (rAgaAHJ8) was little or not affected by 3.5-30.0% (w/v) NaCl, 10.0-100.0 mM Pb(CH3COO)2, 10.0-60.0 mM ZnSO4, or 8.3-100.0 mg mL(-1) trypsin and by most metal ions and chemical reagents at 1.0 and 10.0 mM concentrations. The degree of synergy on enzymatic degradation of locust bean gum and guar gum by an endomannanase and rAgaAHJ8 was 1.22-1.54. In the presence of trypsin, the amount of reducing sugars released from soybean milk treated by rAgaAHJ8 was approximately 3.8-fold compared with that treated by a commercial α-galactosidase. rAgaAHJ8 showed transglycosylation activity when using sucrose, raffinose, and 3-methyl-1-butanol as the acceptors. Furthermore, potential factors for salt adaptation of the enzyme were presumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Li
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghua Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanyu Han
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal bloating is reported by a majority of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Excess colonic fermentation may cause gaseous symptoms. Several foodstuffs contain oligosaccharides with an α-galactosidic linkage that is resistant to mammalian hydrolases. Assisted hydrolysis by exogenous α-galactosidase enzyme (AG) could offer a way of controlling IBS symptoms by reducing colonic fermentation and gas production. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of AG on symptom severity and quality of life in IBS patients with abdominal bloating or flatulence. METHODS A total of 125 subjects with IBS received AG or placebo at meals for 12 weeks. IBS-Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS) and quality of life (QoL) were assessed at baseline, during the treatment and at 4-week follow-up. RESULTS AG showed a trend toward a more prominent decrease in IBS-SSS. The responder rate at week 16 was higher for the AG group. No difference was detected in QoL between AG and placebo groups. A total of 25 patients (18 in AG group and 7 in placebo group, p = 0.016) withdrew from the study. Abdominal pain and diarrhea were more often reported as reason for withdrawal in AG group. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support the use of AG routinely in IBS patients. Improvement of clinical response at 4-week follow-up may suggest a long-term effect of unknown mechanism, but could also be attributed to non-responder drop out. Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects may be a coincidence in this study, but irritation of GI tract by AG administration cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Hillilä
- a 1 Aava Gastroenterology Clinic , Helsinki, Finland.,b 2 Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martti A Färkkilä
- b 2 Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Sipponen
- a 1 Aava Gastroenterology Clinic , Helsinki, Finland.,b 2 Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Rajala
- a 1 Aava Gastroenterology Clinic , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Koskenpato
- a 1 Aava Gastroenterology Clinic , Helsinki, Finland.,b 2 Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
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