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Elango D, Rajendran K, Van der Laan L, Sebastiar S, Raigne J, Thaiparambil NA, El Haddad N, Raja B, Wang W, Ferela A, Chiteri KO, Thudi M, Varshney RK, Chopra S, Singh A, Singh AK. Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides: Friend or Foe for Human and Plant Health? Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:829118. [PMID: 35251100 PMCID: PMC8891438 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.829118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are widespread across the plant kingdom, and their concentrations are related to the environment, genotype, and harvest time. RFOs are known to carry out many functions in plants and humans. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of RFOs, including their beneficial and anti-nutritional properties. RFOs are considered anti-nutritional factors since they cause flatulence in humans and animals. Flatulence is the single most important factor that deters consumption and utilization of legumes in human and animal diets. In plants, RFOs have been reported to impart tolerance to heat, drought, cold, salinity, and disease resistance besides regulating seed germination, vigor, and longevity. In humans, RFOs have beneficial effects in the large intestine and have shown prebiotic potential by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria reducing pathogens and putrefactive bacteria present in the colon. In addition to their prebiotic potential, RFOs have many other biological functions in humans and animals, such as anti-allergic, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cryoprotection. The wide-ranging applications of RFOs make them useful in food, feed, cosmetics, health, pharmaceuticals, and plant stress tolerance; therefore, we review the composition and diversity of RFOs, describe the metabolism and genetics of RFOs, evaluate their role in plant and human health, with a primary focus in grain legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinakaran Elango
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Karthika Rajendran
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Liza Van der Laan
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sheelamary Sebastiar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Joscif Raigne
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Noureddine El Haddad
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bharath Raja
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Wanyan Wang
- Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Antonella Ferela
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kevin O. Chiteri
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mahendar Thudi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, India
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Crop Research Innovation Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Surinder Chopra
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Asheesh K. Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Darkow E, Rog-Zielinska EA, Madl J, Brandel A, Siukstaite L, Omidvar R, Kohl P, Ravens U, Römer W, Peyronnet R. The Lectin LecA Sensitizes the Human Stretch-Activated Channel TREK-1 but Not Piezo1 and Binds Selectively to Cardiac Non-myocytes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:457. [PMID: 32499717 PMCID: PMC7243936 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy heart adapts continuously to a complex set of dynamically changing mechanical conditions. The mechanical environment is altered by, and contributes to, multiple cardiac diseases. Mechanical stimuli are detected and transduced by cellular mechano-sensors, including stretch-activated ion channels (SAC). The precise role of SAC in the heart is unclear, in part because there are few SAC-specific pharmacological modulators. That said, most SAC can be activated by inducers of membrane curvature. The lectin LecA is a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and essential for P. aeruginosa-induced membrane curvature, resulting in formation of endocytic structures and bacterial cell invasion. We investigate whether LecA modulates SAC activity. TREK-1 and Piezo1 have been selected, as they are widely expressed in the body, including cardiac tissue, and they are “canonical representatives” for the potassium selective and the cation non-selective SAC families, respectively. Live cell confocal microscopy and electron tomographic imaging were used to follow binding dynamics of LecA, and to track changes in cell morphology and membrane topology in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV). HEK cells were further transfected with human TREK-1 or Piezo1 constructs, and ion channel activity was recorded using the patch-clamp technique. Finally, freshly isolated cardiac cells were used for studies into cell type dependency of LecA binding. LecA (500 nM) binds within seconds to the surface of HEK cells, with highest concentration at cell-cell contact sites. Local membrane invaginations are detected in the presence of LecA, both in the plasma membrane of cells (by 17 min of LecA exposure) as well as in GUV. In HEK cells, LecA sensitizes TREK-1, but not Piezo1, to voltage and mechanical stimulation. In freshly isolated cardiac cells, LecA binds to non-myocytes, but not to ventricular or atrial cardiomyocytes. This cell type specific lack of binding is observed across cardiomyocytes from mouse, rabbit, pig, and human. Our results suggest that LecA may serve as a pharmacological tool to study SAC in a cell type-preferential manner. This could aid tissue-based research into the roles of SAC in cardiac non-myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Darkow
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva A Rog-Zielinska
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef Madl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Brandel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lina Siukstaite
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramin Omidvar
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Ravens
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rémi Peyronnet
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Primi R, Ruggeri R, Ronchi B, Bernabucci U, Rossini F, Martin-Pedrosa M, Danieli PP. Sowing Date and Seeding Rate Affect Bioactive Compound Contents of Chickpea Grains. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E571. [PMID: 31426545 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickpea grains may represent an alternative to soybean meals and energetic concentrates in animal feeding, as their nutritional value can help to increase the sustainability of livestock systems. Unfortunately, the presence of bioactive compounds with anti-nutritional effects can prevent its direct use, especially in mono-gastrics. It is known that the synthesis of these compounds depends on genetic expression, which is also influenced by growth conditions. The objective of this two-year study was to assess the effect of sowing date (winter versus spring) and seeding rate (70 versus 110 seeds m-2) on the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates, α-galactosides, trypsin inhibitors, and inositol phosphates in the grains of two Kabuli cultivars, in the Mediterranean climate. The results showed that seeds collected from winter sowing contained more trypsin inhibitors than those seeded in spring (+ 4%, on average), reaching values between 16.1 and 18.6 TIU mg protein-1. The seeding rate affects only the α-galactosides content, which increases (+9%) at lower densities (70 seeds m-2). These findings suggest that agronomic management can be used to modulate the content of some anti-nutritional factors in the seeds, even though the genetic characteristics and phenotypic expression, in relation to the climatic conditions, seem to deeply affect the content of all the bioactive compounds investigated.
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Morabbi Heravi K, Watzlawick H, Altenbuchner J. The melREDCA Operon Encodes a Utilization System for the Raffinose Family of Oligosaccharides in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:e00109-19. [PMID: 31138628 DOI: 10.1128/JB.00109-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a heterotrophic soil bacterium that hydrolyzes different polysaccharides mainly found in the decomposed plants. These carbohydrates are mainly cellulose, hemicellulose, and the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs). RFOs are soluble α-galactosides, such as raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose, that rank second only after sucrose in abundance. Genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis of B. subtilis indicated the presence of a putative α-galactosidase-encoding gene (melA) located in the msmRE-amyDC-melA operon. Characterization of the MelA protein showed that it is a strictly Mn2+- and NAD+-dependent α-galactosidase able to hydrolyze melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose. Transcription of the msmER-amyDC-melA operon is under control of a σA-type promoter located upstream of msmR (P msmR ), which is negatively regulated by MsmR. The activity of P msmR was induced in the presence of melibiose and raffinose. MsmR is a transcriptional repressor that binds to two binding sites at P msmR located upstream of the -35 box and downstream of the transcriptional start site. MsmEX-AmyCD forms an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that probably transports melibiose into the cell. Since msmRE-amyDC-melA is a melibiose utilization system, we renamed the operon melREDCA IMPORTANCE Bacillus subtilis utilizes different polysaccharides produced by plants. These carbohydrates are primarily degraded by extracellular hydrolases, and the resulting oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides are transported into the cytosol via phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems (PTS), major facilitator superfamily, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In this study, a new carbohydrate utilization system of B. subtilis responsible for the utilization of α-galactosides of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) was investigated. RFOs are synthesized from sucrose in plants and are mainly found in the storage organs of plant leaves. Our results revealed the modus operandi of a new carbohydrate utilization system in B. subtilis.
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Corzo-Martínez M, García-Campos G, Montilla A, Moreno FJ. Tofu Whey Permeate Is an Efficient Source To Enzymatically Produce Prebiotic Fructooligosaccharides and Novel Fructosylated α-Galactosides. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:4346-4352. [PMID: 27156348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses a novel and efficient bioconversion method for the utilization of tofu whey permeate (TWP), an important byproduct from the soybean industry, as a precursor of high value-added ingredients such as prebiotic fructooligosaccharides and novel fructosylated α-galactosides. This process is based on the high capacity of the commercial enzyme preparation Pectinex Ultra SP-L to transfructosylate the main carbohydrates present in TWP as sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose to produce up to a maximum of 164.2 g L(-1) (equivalent to 57% with respect to initial sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose contents in TWP) of fructooligosaccharides and fructosylated α-galactosides in a balanced proportion. Raffinose- and stachyose-derived oligosaccharides were formed by elongation from the nonreducing terminal fructose residue up to three fructosyl groups bound by β-(2→1) linkages. These results could provide new findings on the valorization and upgrading of the management of TWP and an alternative use of raw material for the production of FOS and derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Corzo-Martínez
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC) , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema García-Campos
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC) , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Montilla
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC) , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC) , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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