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Xiao X, Willemse J, Voskamp P, Li X, Prota AE, Lamers M, Pannu N, Abrahams JP, van Wezel GP. Ectopic positioning of the cell division plane is associated with single amino acid substitutions in the FtsZ-recruiting SsgB in Streptomyces. Open Biol 2021; 11:200409. [PMID: 33622102 PMCID: PMC8061694 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In most bacteria, cell division begins with the polymerization of the GTPase FtsZ at mid-cell, which recruits the division machinery to initiate cell constriction. In the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces, cell division is positively controlled by SsgB, which recruits FtsZ to the future septum sites and promotes Z-ring formation. Here, we show that various amino acid (aa) substitutions in the highly conserved SsgB protein result in ectopically placed septa that sever spores diagonally or along the long axis, perpendicular to the division plane. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that between 3.3% and 9.8% of the spores of strains expressing SsgB E120 variants were severed ectopically. Biochemical analysis of SsgB variant E120G revealed that its interaction with FtsZ had been maintained. The crystal structure of Streptomyces coelicolor SsgB was resolved and the key residues were mapped on the structure. Notably, residue substitutions (V115G, G118V, E120G) that are associated with septum misplacement localize in the α2-α3 loop region that links the final helix and the rest of the protein. Structural analyses and molecular simulation revealed that these residues are essential for maintaining the proper angle of helix α3. Our data suggest that besides altering FtsZ, aa substitutions in the FtsZ-recruiting protein SsgB also lead to diagonally or longitudinally divided cells in Streptomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansha Xiao
- Molecular Biotechnology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Willemse
- Molecular Biotechnology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Voskamp
- Biophysical Structural Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xinmeng Li
- LIC/Energy and Sustainability, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Meindert Lamers
- Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Navraj Pannu
- Biophysical Structural Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Pieter Abrahams
- Molecular Biotechnology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands.,Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Biozentrum, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Molecular Biotechnology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Boer DE, Mirzaian M, Ferraz MJ, Zwiers KC, Baks MV, Hazeu MD, Ottenhoff R, Marques ARA, Meijer R, Roos JCP, Cox TM, Boot RG, Pannu N, Overkleeft HS, Artola M, Aerts JM. Human glucocerebrosidase mediates formation of xylosyl-cholesterol by β-xylosidase and transxylosidase reactions. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100018. [PMID: 33361282 PMCID: PMC7903134 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of glucocerebrosidase (GBA), a lysosomal β-glucosidase, causes Gaucher disease. The enzyme hydrolyzes β-glucosidic substrates and transglucosylates cholesterol to cholesterol-β-glucoside. Here we show that recombinant human GBA also cleaves β-xylosides and transxylosylates cholesterol. The xylosyl-cholesterol formed acts as an acceptor for the subsequent formation of di-xylosyl-cholesterol. Common mutant forms of GBA from patients with Gaucher disease with reduced β-glucosidase activity were similarly impaired in β-xylosidase, transglucosidase, and transxylosidase activities, except for a slightly reduced xylosidase/glucosidase activity ratio of N370S GBA and a slightly reduced transglucosylation/glucosidase activity ratio of D409H GBA. XylChol was found to be reduced in spleen from patients with Gaucher disease. The origin of newly identified XylChol in mouse and human tissues was investigated. Cultured human cells exposed to exogenous β-xylosides generated XylChol in a manner dependent on active lysosomal GBA but not the cytosol-facing β-glucosidase GBA2. We later sought an endogenous β-xyloside acting as donor in transxylosylation reactions, identifying xylosylated ceramide (XylCer) in cells and tissues that serve as donor in the formation of XylChol. UDP-glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) was unable to synthesize XylChol but could catalyze the formation of XylCer. Thus, food-derived β-D-xyloside and XylCer are potential donors for the GBA-mediated formation of XylChol in cells. The enzyme GCS produces XylCer at a low rate. Our findings point to further catalytic versatility of GBA and prompt a systematic exploration of the distribution and role of xylosylated lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne E Boer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Ferraz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley C Zwiers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Merel V Baks
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marc D Hazeu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André R A Marques
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Meijer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan C P Roos
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rolf G Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Navraj Pannu
- Department of Biophysical Structural Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Artola
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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Krissinel E, Lebedev A, Uski V, Ballard C, Keegan R, Nicholls R, Kovalevskiy O, Berrisford J, Wojdyr M, Simpkin A, Thomas J, Oliver C, Pannu N, Skubak P. CCP4 Cloud for distributed crystallographic computations. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273319093859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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4
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Kytidou K, Beekwilder J, Artola M, van Meel E, Wilbers RHP, Moolenaar GF, Goosen N, Ferraz MJ, Katzy R, Voskamp P, Florea BI, Hokke CH, Overkleeft HS, Schots A, Bosch D, Pannu N, Aerts JMFG. Nicotiana benthamiana α-galactosidase A1.1 can functionally complement human α-galactosidase A deficiency associated with Fabry disease. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10042-10058. [PMID: 29674318 PMCID: PMC6028973 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.22) are retaining glycosidases that cleave terminal α-linked galactose residues from glycoconjugate substrates. α-Galactosidases take part in the turnover of cell wall-associated galactomannans in plants and in the lysosomal degradation of glycosphingolipids in animals. Deficiency of human α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) causes Fabry disease (FD), a heritable, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, characterized by accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3). Current management of FD involves enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT). An activity-based probe (ABP) covalently labeling the catalytic nucleophile of α-Gal A has been previously designed to study α-galactosidases for use in FD therapy. Here, we report that this ABP labels proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf extracts, enabling the identification and biochemical characterization of an N. benthamiana α-galactosidase we name here A1.1 (gene accession ID GJZM-1660). The transiently overexpressed and purified enzyme was a monomer lacking N-glycans and was active toward 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-d-galactopyranoside substrate (Km = 0.17 mm) over a broad pH range. A1.1 structural analysis by X-ray crystallography revealed marked similarities with human α-Gal A, even including A1.1's ability to hydrolyze Gb3 and lyso-Gb3, which are not endogenous in plants. Of note, A1.1 uptake into FD fibroblasts reduced the elevated lyso-Gb3 levels in these cells, consistent with A1.1 delivery to lysosomes as revealed by confocal microscopy. The ease of production and the features of A1.1, such as stability over a broad pH range, combined with its capacity to degrade glycosphingolipid substrates, warrant further examination of its value as a potential therapeutic agent for ERT-based FD management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- the Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, and
| | | | | | - Ruud H P Wilbers
- the Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, and
| | - Geri F Moolenaar
- Cloning and Protein Purification Facility, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden
| | - Nora Goosen
- Cloning and Protein Purification Facility, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden
| | | | | | | | | | - Cornelis H Hokke
- the Department of Parasitology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arjen Schots
- the Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, and
| | - Dirk Bosch
- the Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, and
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Abstract
Background Fluid resuscitation is not only used to prevent acute kidney injury (AKI) but fluid management is also a cornerstone of treatment for patients with established AKI and renal failure. Ultrafiltration removes volume initially from the intravascular compartment inducing a relative degree of hypovolemia. Normal reflex mechanisms attempt to sustain blood pressure constant despite marked changes in blood volume and cardiac output. Thus, compensated shock with a normal blood pressure is a major cause of AKI or exacerbations of AKI during ultrafiltration. Methods We undertook a systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE, Google Scholar and PubMed searches. We determined a list of key questions and convened a 2-day consensus conference to develop summary statements via a series of alternating breakout and plenary sessions. In these sessions, we identified supporting evidence and generated clinical practice recommendations and/or directions for future research. Results We defined three aspects of fluid monitoring: i) normal and pathophysiological cardiovascular mechanisms; ii) measures of volume responsiveness and impending cardiovascular collapse during volume removal, and; iii) measured indices of each using non-invasive and minimally invasive continuous and intermittent monitoring techniques. The evidence documents that AKI can occur in the setting of normotensive hypovolemia and that under-resuscitation represents a major cause of both AKI and mortality ion critically ill patients. Traditional measures of intravascular volume and ventricular filling do not predict volume responsiveness whereas dynamic functional hemodynamic markers, such as pulse pressure or stroke volume variation during positive pressure breathing or mean flow changes with passive leg raising are highly predictive of volume responsiveness. Numerous commercially-available devices exist that can acquire these signals. Conclusions Prospective clinical trials using functional hemodynamic markers in the diagnosis and management of AKI and volume status during ultrafiltration need to be performed. More traditional measure of preload be abandoned as marked of volume responsiveness though still useful to assess overall volume status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.R. Pinsky
- Bioengineering, Cardiovascular Diseases and Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA - USA
| | - P. Brophy
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Iowa, Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa - USA
| | - J. Padilla
- Universidad de Iberoamerica, San Jose - Costa Rica
| | - E. Paganini
- Division of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH - USA
| | - N. Pannu
- Division of Nephrology and CCM, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta - Canada
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McAlister FA, Jacka M, Graham M, Youngson E, Cembrowski G, Bagshaw SM, Pannu N, Townsend DR, Srinathan S, Alonso-Coello P, Devereaux PJ. The prediction of postoperative stroke or death in patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a VISION sub-study. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1768-75. [PMID: 26270168 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal means of pre-operative risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To examine the accuracy of AF thromboembolic risk models (the CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and R2CHADS2 scores) for predicting 30-day stroke and/or all-cause mortality after non-cardiac surgery in patients with preoperative AF, and to compare these risk scores with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). PATIENTS/METHODS A multicentre (8 countries, 2007-2011) prospective cohort study of patients ≥ 45 years of age undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery, who were followed until 30 days after surgery. We calculated c-statistics for each risk prediction model and net reclassification improvements (NRIs) compared with the RCRI. RESULTS The 961 patients with preoperative AF were at higher risk of any cardiovascular event in the 30 days postoperatively compared with the 13 001 patients without AF: 26.6% vs. 9.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-1.88. All thromboembolic risk scores predicted postoperative death just as well as the RCRI (with c-indices between 0.67 and 0.72). Compared with the RCRI (which had a c-index of 0.64 for 30-day stroke/death), the CHADS2 (c-index, 0.67; NRI, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.02-0.61) significantly improved postoperative stroke/mortality risk prediction, largely due to improved discrimination of patients who did not subsequently have an event. CONCLUSIONS In AF patients, the three thromboembolic risk scores performed similarly to the RCRI in predicting death within 30 days and the CHADS2 score was the best predictor of postoperative stroke/death regardless of type of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A McAlister
- Patient Health Outcomes Research and Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Jacka
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Graham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E Youngson
- Patient Health Outcomes Research and Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G Cembrowski
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S M Bagshaw
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - N Pannu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D R Townsend
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S Srinathan
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - P Alonso-Coello
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P J Devereaux
- Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medicine, The Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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7
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Skubak P, Pannu N. A novel function for the combination of SAD phasing, density modification and refinement. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767312099631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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8
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Liu Z, Galli F, Waterreus WJ, Meulenbroek E, Koning RI, Lamers GEM, Olsthoorn RCL, Pannu N, Oosterkamp TH, Koster AJ, Dame RT, Abrahams JP. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Scaffolds to Concentrate DNA for the Study of DNA-Protein Interactions. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:1569-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Walsh M, Jayne D, Moist L, Tonelli M, Pannu N, Manns B. Practice pattern variation in oral glucocorticoid therapy after the induction of response in proliferative lupus nephritis. Lupus 2010; 19:628-33. [PMID: 20068016 DOI: 10.1177/0961203309356292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are standard therapy for induction of response in proliferative lupus nephritis. However, the optimal duration of glucocorticoid therapy is uncertain. We surveyed physicians who treat lupus nephritis regarding their use of glucocorticoids in proliferative lupus nephritis after induction of response and regarding factors associated with different practice patterns. We administered a questionnaire of standardized cases assessing glucocorticoid use after induction of response to specialists with expertise in proliferative lupus nephritis. We examined the association between continuation of glucocorticoids and patient and physician characteristics. Of 90 invited participants, 72 (80%) responded. A total of 24 (33%) respondents attempted to discontinue glucocorticoids in all scenarios, 21 (29%) continued glucocorticoids in all scenarios, and 27 (38%) attempted to discontinue in some scenarios but not others. Responses varied according to the physician group (p < 0.001) and by years in practice (p < 0.001). Of those who discontinued glucocorticoids in selected scenarios, 15/27 (55%) were influenced by the characteristics of the induction of response, 16/27 (59%) by past lupus history, and 9/27 (33%) by the tolerance and use of immunosuppression. We conclude that glucocorticoid therapy after induction of response in proliferative lupus nephritis is varied. This variability likely represents clinical equipoise. A randomized trial evaluating the effect of glucocorticoid use after induction of response is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Walsh
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Waterreus WJ, Pannu N, Skubák P, Sikharulidze I, Abrahams JP, de Graaff RAG. Recent advances in CRANK. Acta Crystallogr A 2009. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767309096743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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