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Long Noncoding Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in Age-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123079. [PMID: 31238513 PMCID: PMC6627372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most serious health problem in the world, displaying high rates of morbidity and mortality. One of the main risk factors for CVDs is age. Indeed, several mechanisms are at play during aging, determining the functional decline of the cardiovascular system. Aging cells and tissues are characterized by diminished autophagy, causing the accumulation of damaged proteins and mitochondria, as well as by increased levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, senescence and inflammation. These processes can induce a rapid deterioration of cellular quality-control systems. However, the molecular mechanisms of age-associated CVDs are only partially known, hampering the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Evidence has emerged indicating that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs), are implicated in most patho-physiological mechanisms. Specifically, lncRNAs can bind miRNAs and act as competing endogenous-RNAs (ceRNAs), therefore modulating the levels of the mRNAs targeted by the sponged miRNA. These complex lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks, by regulating autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, senescence and inflammation, play a crucial role in the development of age-dependent CVDs. In this review, the emerging knowledge on lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks will be summarized and the way in which they influence age-related CVDs development will be discussed.
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Zhou J, Li Y, Liu X, Long Y, Chen J. LncRNA-Regulated Autophagy and its Potential Role in Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Ann Hepatol 2019; 17:355-363. [PMID: 29735795 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0011.7381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Autophagy and its regulated pathways participate in many important cellular physiology and pathological processes involving protein aggregates, damaged mitochondria, excessive peroxisomes, ribosomes, and invading pathogens. This study aimed to review recently published studies and further describe the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-regulated autophagy during drug-induced liver injury (DILI). MATERIAL AND METHODS DILI, autophagy, autophagy-related genes (ATGs), and lncRNA were used as key words to search published studies from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. All related studies were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS Many studies explicitly indicated that DILI and its progression to acute liver failure were causatively linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequently induced autophagy, which protect hepatocytes during DILI. LncRNA, as a noncoding RNA, influences the regulation of the expression of ATGs to manipulate autophagy. CONCLUSIONS This review described the recent findings on autophagy and its possible lncRNA-miRNA-associated pathways, thereby providing new insights for further studies on the pathogenesis of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Liver Diseases Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The affiliated Zhuzhou hospital Xiangya medical college, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - XinYu Liu
- Liver Diseases Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhu Long
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The affiliated Zhuzhou hospital Xiangya medical college, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Liver Diseases Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Li M, Duan L, Li Y, Liu B. Long noncoding RNA/circular noncoding RNA-miRNA-mRNA axes in cardiovascular diseases. Life Sci 2019; 233:116440. [PMID: 31047893 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Non-coding RNAs including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to participate in pathological developments of CVDs through various mechanisms. Among them, the networks among lncRNAs/circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs have recently attracted attention. Understanding the molecular mechanism could aid the discovery of therapeutic targets or strategies in CVDs including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), hypertrophy, heart failure (HF) and cardiomyopathy. In this review, we summarize the latest research involving the lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in CVDs, with emphasis on the molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Road, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Liwei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Road, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yangxue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Road, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Road, Changchun 130041, China.
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HSP90 inhibitor DPB induces autophagy and more effectively apoptosis in A549 cells combined with autophagy inhibitors. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:349-354. [PMID: 30989449 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we proved that a novel Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor 4-(3-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) benzoic acid (DPB) could inhibit A549 lung cancer cell growth via inducing apoptosis. However, whether DPB affects autophagy is still unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of DPB on autophagy and the improved anti-cancer activity in A549 lung cancer cells. Aggregation of LC3-II was observed using laser scanning confocal microscopy in GFP-LC3 stably transfected U87 cells. Autophagy and apoptosis-related protein levels were examined by Western blot analysis. It is suggested that treatment with DPB (5-20 μmol/L) induced mTOR-independent autophagy in dose- and time-dependent manners. Pre-treatment A549 cells with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA, 5 mmol/L) enhanced DPB-induced apoptosis. And, DPB inhibited A549 cell growth more effectively in combination with autophagy inhibitors 3-MA (5 mmol/L) or 3-benzyl-5-((2-nitrophenoxy) methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (3BDO, 30 μmol/L). These results illustrated that as a potential and promising HSP90 inhibitor, DPB could be utilized in the treatment of cancer combined with the autophagy inhibitor.
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Zhang H, Zhang N, Liu Y, Su P, Liang Y, Li Y, Wang X, Chen T, Song X, Sang Y, Duan Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Chen B, Zhao W, Guo H, Liu Z, Hu G, Yang Q. Epigenetic Regulation of NAMPT by NAMPT-AS
Drives Metastatic Progression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3347-3359. [PMID: 30940661 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojin Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuting Sang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiashu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyang Guo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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Tiessen I, Abildgaard MH, Lubas M, Gylling HM, Steinhauer C, Pietras EJ, Diederichs S, Frankel LB, Lund AH. A high-throughput screen identifies the long non-coding RNA DRAIC as a regulator of autophagy. Oncogene 2019; 38:5127-5141. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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57
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Luan F, Chen W, Chen M, Yan J, Chen H, Yu H, Liu T, Mo L. An autophagy-related long non-coding RNA signature for glioma. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:653-667. [PMID: 30984540 PMCID: PMC6443865 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common types of malignant primary central nervous system tumor, and prognosis for this disease is poor. As autophagic drugs have been reported to induce glioma cell death, we investigated the potential prognostic role of autophagy-associated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in glioma patients. In this study, we obtained 879 lncRNAs and 216 autophagy genes from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas microarray, and found that 402 lncRNAs are correlated with the autophagy genes. Subsequently, 10 autophagy-associated lncRNAs with prognostic value (PCBP1-AS1, TP53TG1, DHRS4-AS1, ZNF674-AS1, GABPB1-AS1, DDX11-AS1, SBF2-AS1, MIR4453HG, MAPKAPK5-AS1 and COX10-AS1) were identified in glioma patients using multivariate Cox regression analyses. A prognostic signature was then established based on these prognostic lncRNAs, dividing patients into low-risk and high-risk groups. The overall survival time was shorter in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group [hazard ratio (HR) = 5.307, 95% CI: 4.195-8.305; P < 0.0001]. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the gene sets were significantly enriched in cancer-related pathways, including interleukin (IL) 6/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 signaling, tumor necrosis factor α signaling via nuclear factor κB, IL2/STAT5 signaling, the p53 pathway and the KRAS signaling pathway. The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset was used to validate that high-risk patients have worse survival outcomes than low-risk patients (HR = 1.544, 95% CI: 1.110-2.231; P = 0.031). In summary, our signature of 10 autophagy-related lncRNAs has prognostic potential for glioma, and these autophagy-related lncRNAs may play a key role in glioma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangkun Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Haiyue Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Tieqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Ligen Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
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58
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Kok FO, Baker AH. The function of long non-coding RNAs in vascular biology and disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 114:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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59
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Construction and analysis of a spinal cord injury competitive endogenous RNA network based on the expression data of long noncoding, micro‑ and messenger RNAs. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3021-3034. [PMID: 30816457 PMCID: PMC6423625 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results from trauma and predominantly affects the young male population. SCI imposes major and permanent life changes, and is associated with high future mortality and disability rates. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been demonstrated to serve critical roles in a broad range of biological processes and to be expressed in various diseases, including in SCI. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the roles of lncRNAs in SCI pathogenesis remain unexplored. In the present study, the aim was to identify critical differentially expressed lncRNAs in SCI based on the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis by mining data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information and to unveil the functions of these lncRNAs. Different approaches and tools were employed to establish a network consisting of 13 lncRNA, 93 messenger RNA and 9 microRNA nodes, with a total of 202 edges. Three node lncRNAs were identified based on the degree distribution of the nodes, and their corresponding subnetworks were subsequently constructed. Based on these subnetworks, the biological pathways and interactions of these 3 lncRNAs were detailed using FunRich software (version 3.0). The primary results of the 3 lncRNA enrichment analyses were that they were associated with autophagy, extracellular communication and transcription factor networks, respectively. The phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway of XR_350851 was the classic autophagy pathway, indicating that XR_350851 may regulate autophagy in SCI. The possible role of XR_350851 in SCI revealed in the current study based on the regulatory mechanism of ceRNAs has uncovered a new repertoire of molecular factors with potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in SCI.
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60
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Song Y, Li L, Yang Z, Zhao G, Zhang X, Wang L, Zheng L, Zhuo F, Yin H, Ge X, Zhang C, Yang Z, Ren M, Li F. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) Regulates the Expression of lncRNAs in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Cotton. Front Genet 2019; 9:690. [PMID: 30671083 PMCID: PMC6332313 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TOR (Target of Rapamycin) kinase is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase, which integrates stress-related cues with growth and metabolic outputs. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in the regulation of eukaryotic genes. However, little is known about TOR's function in regulating the expression of lncRNAs in plants. In this study, four putative homologous genes encoding the TOR protein were identified by utilizing the recently completed cotton genome. Pharmacological experiments with TOR inhibitor AZD8055 and on silencing GhTOR genes resulted in obvious cotton growth retardation, indicating the conserved role of TOR in plant growth. The expression pattern analyses in different tissues reveal that TOR may play a role in root development, and the transcript levels of TOR genes were changed under different stress conditions. Importantly, we found TOR may be a key player in regulating the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). A total of 10,315 lncRNAs were discovered in cotton seedlings, 90.7% of which were long intergenic ncRNAs. Moreover, we identified the differentially expressed lncRNAs, of which 296 were significantly upregulated and 105 were downregulated in TOR inactivated plants. GO and KEGG analyses of differentially expressed lncRNA neighboring genes reveal that these differentially expressed lncRNA-targeted genes are involved in many life processes, including stress response, glutathione, and ribosomes in cotton. A series of differentially expressed lncRNAs potentially involved in plant stress response was identified under TOR inhibition. Collectively, these results suggest that cotton TOR proteins may directly modulate the expression of putative stress-related lncRNAs and eventually play a potential role in the cotton stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Song
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Linxuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoen Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fengping Zhuo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zuoren Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
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Li Y, Wang X, Yan J, Liu Y, Yang R, Pan D, Wang L, Xu Y, Li X, Yang M. Nanoparticle ferritin-bound erastin and rapamycin: a nanodrug combining autophagy and ferroptosis for anticancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3779-3787. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00653b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular autophagy-mediated ferroptosis-induction process by the NFER nanodrug assembled by ferritin, erastin, and rapamycin.
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Carrascoso I, Alcalde J, Tabas-Madrid D, Oliveros JC, Izquierdo JM. Transcriptome-wide analysis links the short-term expression of the b isoforms of TIA proteins to protective proteostasis-mediated cell quiescence response. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208526. [PMID: 30533021 PMCID: PMC6289441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of gene expression depends on genetics and environmental factors. The T-cell intracellular antigens T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1), TIA1-like/related protein (TIAL1/TIAR) and human antigen R (HuR/ELAVL1) are RNA-binding proteins that play crucial roles in regulating gene expression in both situations. This study used massive sequencing analysis to uncover molecular and functional mechanisms resulting from the short-time expression of the b isoforms of TIA1 and TIAR, and of HuR in HEK293 cells. Our gene profiling analysis identified several hundred differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and tens of alternative splicing events associated with TIA1b, TIARb and HuR overexpression. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the controlled expression of these proteins strongly influences the patterns of DEGs and RNA variants preferentially associated with development, reproduction, cell cycle, metabolism, autophagy and apoptosis. Mechanistically, TIA1b and TIARb isoforms display both common and differential effects on the regulation of gene expression, involving systematic perturbations of cell biosynthetic machineries (splicing and translation). The transcriptome outputs were validated using functional assays of the targeted cellular processes as well as expression analysis for selected genes. Collectively, our observations suggest that early TIA1b and TIARb expression operates to connect the regulatory crossroads to protective proteostasis responses associated with a survival quiescence phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Carrascoso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alcalde
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Tabas-Madrid
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/ Darwin, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Oliveros
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/ Darwin, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Izquierdo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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63
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Wang XB, Wang H, Long HQ, Li DY, Zheng X. LINC00641 regulates autophagy and intervertebral disc degeneration by acting as a competitive endogenous RNA of miR-153-3p under nutrition deprivation stress. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7115-7127. [PMID: 30378116 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the involvement of autophagy in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play fundamental roles in various cellular processes, including autophagy. However, it remains largely unknown as to how autophagy is regulated by miRNAs and lncRNAs in IDD. Biological functions of miR-153-3p and long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 641 (LINC00641) were investigated. Luciferase reporter assays was done to validate miR-153-3p targets. To induce nutritional stress, nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were cultured in the normal nutritional condition and the low nutritional condition. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze miR-153-3p and LINC00641 in response to nutrient deprivation. Autophagic activity was assessed by transmission electron microscopy, western blot analysis and green fluorescent protein-light chain 3 puncta. Pull-down assay and RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization were performed to validate LINC00641 target and the location. MiR-153-3p is downregulated in NP tissues from IDD patients. Further, LINC00641 can affect collagen II and matrix metalloproteinase-3 expressions. Upregulation of LINC00641 and downregulation of miR-153-3p are detected in NP cells under nutritional stress. LINC00641 can regulate autophagic cell death by targeting miR-153-3p and autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5). MiR-153-3p inhibits autophagy and IDD by targeting ATG5. More important, LINC00641 targets miR-153-3p, and thus affects ATG5 expression, autophagic cell death and IDD. These findings uncover a novel regulatory pathway that is composed of LINC00641, miR-153-3p, and ATG5 in IDD. This mechanism may stimulate to a more understanding of IDD pathogenesis and provide new sights for the treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hou-Qing Long
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ya Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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New Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Modulators Derived from Natural Product Databases and Marine Extracts by Using Molecular Docking Techniques. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16100385. [PMID: 30326670 PMCID: PMC6213183 DOI: 10.3390/md16100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a PI3K-related serine/threonine protein kinase that functions as a master regulator of cellular growth and metabolism, in response to nutrient and hormonal stimuli. mTOR functions in two distinct complexes—mTORC1 is sensitive to rapamycin, while, mTORC2 is insensitive to this drug. Deregulation of mTOR’s enzymatic activity has roles in cancer, obesity, and aging. Rapamycin and its chemical derivatives are the only drugs that inhibit the hyperactivity of mTOR, but numerous side effects have been described due to its therapeutic use. The purpose of this study was to identify new compounds of natural origin that can lead to drugs with fewer side effects. We have used computational techniques (molecular docking and calculated ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) parameters) that have enabled the selection of candidate compounds, derived from marine natural products, SuperNatural II, and ZINC natural products, for inhibitors targeting, both, the ATP and the rapamycin binding sites of mTOR. We have shown experimental evidence of the inhibitory activity of eleven selected compounds against mTOR. We have also discovered the inhibitory activity of a new marine extract against this enzyme. The results have been discussed concerning the necessity to identify new molecules for therapeutic use, especially against aging, and with fewer side effects.
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Wang Y, Song X, Li Z, Liu B. Long non-coding RNAs in coronary atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2018; 211:189-197. [PMID: 30195033 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis (CAS), a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, is a major cause of death worldwide. CAS is a chronic disease in the aorta that can be caused by dyslipidemia, abnormal glucose metabolism, endothelial cell dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) or fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia, immune inflammatory reactions, and many other factors. The pathogenesis of CAS is not fully understood, as it is a complex lesion complicated by multiple factors. Damage-response theories have put forward endothelial cell (EC) injury as the initiating factor for CAS; the addition of lipid metabolism disorders may enhance monocyte adhesion, increase the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and VSMCs, and accelerate the development of CAS. Furthermore, inflammatory and immune responses can create a vicious cycle of endothelial injury, which also plays key roles in the formation of CAS. Therefore, in order to elucidate the mechanisms controlling CAS, it is important to study the etiology of vascular cell dysfunction, abnormal energy and metabolism disorders, and immune and inflammatory reactions. Non-coding RNAs play regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of CAS, especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); lncRNAs have recently become a major focus for cardiovascular disease mechanisms, as they play numerous roles in the progression of CAS. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of coronary CAS, and their role in the prevention and treatment of coronary CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xianjing Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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66
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Disentangling Host-Microbiota Regulation of Lipid Secretion by Enterocytes: Insights from Commensals Lactobacillus paracasei and Escherichia coli. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01493-18. [PMID: 30181250 PMCID: PMC6123438 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01493-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota contributes to nutrients absorption and metabolism by enterocytes, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood, and most conclusions are inferred from studies comparing germfree and conventional animals colonized with diverse bacterial species. We selected two model commensal microorganisms, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus paracasei, to assess the role of the small-intestinal microbiota in modulating lipid absorption and metabolism by the epithelium. Using an integrated approach encompassing cellular and murine models and combining metabolic parameters measurement, lipid droplet imaging, and gene expression analysis, we demonstrated that under homeostatic conditions, L. paracasei promotes fat storage in enterocytes, whereas E. coli enhances lipid catabolism and reduces chylomicron circulating levels. The Akt/mammalian target of sirolimus (mTOR) pathway is inhibited by both bacterial species in vitro, indicating that several regulatory pathways are involved in the distinct intracellular lipid outcomes associated with each bacterial species. Moreover, soluble bacterial factors partially reproduce the effects observed with live microorganisms. However, reduction of chylomicron circulating levels in E. coli-colonized animals is lost under high-fat-diet conditions, whereas it is potentiated by L. paracasei colonization accompanied by resistance to hypercholesterolemia and excess body weight gain.IMPORTANCE The specific contribution of each bacterial species within a complex microbiota to the regulation of host lipid metabolism remains largely unknown. Using two model commensal microorganisms, L. paracasei and E. coli, we demonstrated that both bacterial species impacted host lipid metabolism in a diet-dependent manner and, notably, that L. paracasei-colonized mice but not E. coli-colonized mice resisted high-fat-diet-induced body weight gain. In addition, we set up cellular models of fatty acid absorption and secretion by enterocytes cocultured with bacteria and showed that, in vitro, both L. paracasei and E. coli inhibited lipid secretion, through increased intracellular fat storage and enhanced lipid catabolism, respectively.
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Walters HE, Cox LS. mTORC Inhibitors as Broad-Spectrum Therapeutics for Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2325. [PMID: 30096787 PMCID: PMC6121351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronological age represents the greatest risk factor for many life-threatening diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disease; ageing also increases susceptibility to infectious disease. Current efforts to tackle individual diseases may have little impact on the overall healthspan of older individuals, who would still be vulnerable to other age-related pathologies. However, recent progress in ageing research has highlighted the accumulation of senescent cells with chronological age as a probable underlying cause of pathological ageing. Cellular senescence is an essentially irreversible proliferation arrest mechanism that has important roles in development, wound healing, and preventing cancer, but it may limit tissue function and cause widespread inflammation with age. The serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a regulatory nexus that is heavily implicated in both ageing and senescence. Excitingly, a growing body of research has highlighted rapamycin and other mTOR inhibitors as promising treatments for a broad spectrum of age-related pathologies, including neurodegeneration, cancer, immunosenescence, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, age-related blindness, diabetic nephropathy, muscular dystrophy, and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we assess the use of mTOR inhibitors to treat age-related pathologies, discuss possible molecular mechanisms of action where evidence is available, and consider strategies to minimize undesirable side effects. We also emphasize the urgent need for reliable, non-invasive biomarkers of senescence and biological ageing to better monitor the efficacy of any healthy ageing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Walters
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Lynne S Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Fan K, Lin L, Ai Q, Wan J, Dai J, Liu G, Tang L, Yang Y, Ge P, Jiang R, Zhang L. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Dephosphorylation of AMPK-Activated Protein Kinase Potentiates Inflammatory Injury via Repression of ULK1-Dependent Autophagy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1464. [PMID: 29988556 PMCID: PMC6026648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial metabolic regulator with profound modulatory activities on inflammation. Although the anti-inflammatory benefits of AMPK activators were well documented in experimental studies, the pathological significance of endogenous AMPK in inflammatory disorders largely remains unknown. This study investigated the phosphorylation status of endogenous AMPK and the potential roles of AMPK in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethal inflammation. The results indicated that LPS dose-dependently decreased the phosphorylation level of AMPK and its target protein acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Reactivation of AMPK with the AMPK activator A-769662 suppressed LPS-induced elevation of interleukin 6, alleviated histological abnormalities in lung and improved the survival of LPS-challenged mice. Treatment with A-769662 restored LPS-induced suppression of autophagy, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA reversed the beneficial effects of A-769662. Treatment with A-769662 suppressed LPS-induced activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), co-administration of mTOR activator abolished the beneficial effects of A-769662, and the suppressive effects of A-769662 on uncoordinated-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) phosphorylation. Inhibition of ULK1 removed the beneficial effects of A-769662. These data indicated that LPS-induced dephosphorylation of AMPK could result in weakened inhibition of mTOR and repression of ULK1-dependent autophagy, which might potentiate the development of LPS-induced inflammatory injury. These data suggest that pharmacological restoration of AMPK activation might be a beneficial approach for the intervention of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Ai
- Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Hospital of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Emergency, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pu Ge
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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69
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He L, Chen Y, Hao S, Qian J. Uncovering novel landscape of cardiovascular diseases and therapeutic targets for cardioprotection via long noncoding RNA–miRNA–mRNA axes. Epigenomics 2018; 10:661-671. [PMID: 29692219 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein coding sequences account for around 3% of the human genome, the rest are noncoding RNA (ncRNA) including long ncRNA (lncRNA) and miRNA. Accumulating evidence indicates that lncRNAs and miRNAs are candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. The lncRNAs act as sponge-like effects on numerous miRNAs, subsequently regulating miRNAs and their targets, mRNA functions. The role of lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA axis in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases has been recently reported and highlighted. Herein, this review discusses emerging roles of lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA axis in cardiovascular pathophysiology and regulation, with a novel focus on cardioprotective network activities of the two subgroup ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, PR China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650051, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, PR China
| | - Shuqing Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, PR China
| | - Jinqiao Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, PR China
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70
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Xie Z, Qu Y, Shen P, Wang B, Wei K, Du B. PU.1 attenuates TNF‑α‑induced proliferation and cytokine release of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‑like synoviocytes by regulating miR‑155 activity. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8349-8356. [PMID: 29693176 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the role of transcription factor PU.1 (PU.1) in tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α)‑induced proliferation and cytokine release of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‑like synoviocytes (RA‑FLS). It was determined that TNF‑α induced proliferation of RA‑FLS, whereas transfection with PU.1 3'untranslated region (UTR) inhibited this proliferation. Additionally, PU.1 3'UTR attenuated TNF‑α‑induced production of interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑1β, and downregulated the expression level of micro RNA (miR)‑155 in a dose‑dependent manner. Furthermore, transfection with PU.1 3'UTR significantly attenuated TNF‑α‑induced decrease in forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3) expression level in RA‑FLS and these effects were consistent with the effects of miR‑155 inhibition. PU.1 and FOXO3 formed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network that regulated miR‑155 activity. In this competing endogenous RNA network, PU.1 3'UTR modulated FOXO3 expression in a miRNA‑ and 3'UTR‑dependent manner. Downregulation of FOXO3 expression reversed the PU.1 3'UTR‑mediated protective effects. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that PU.1 3'UTR attenuates TNF‑α‑induced proliferation and cytokine release of RA‑FLS by acting as a ceRNA for FOXO3 to regulate miR‑155 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Xie
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yuxing Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Kang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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71
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Van Skike CE, Jahrling JB, Olson AB, Sayre NL, Hussong SA, Ungvari Z, Lechleiter JD, Galvan V. Inhibition of mTOR protects the blood-brain barrier in models of Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H693-H703. [PMID: 29351469 PMCID: PMC5966773 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00570.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits entry of proinflammatory and neurotoxic blood-derived factors into the brain parenchyma. The BBB is damaged in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which contributes significantly to the progression of AD pathologies and cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms underlying BBB breakdown in AD remain elusive, and no interventions are available for treatment or prevention. We and others recently established that inhibition of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway with rapamycin yields significant neuroprotective effects, improving cerebrovascular and cognitive function in mouse models of AD. To test whether mTOR inhibition protects the BBB in neurological diseases of aging, we treated hAPP(J20) mice modeling AD and low-density lipoprotein receptor-null (LDLR-/-) mice modeling vascular cognitive impairment with rapamycin. We found that inhibition of mTOR abrogates BBB breakdown in hAPP(J20) and LDLR-/- mice. Experiments using an in vitro BBB model indicated that mTOR attenuation preserves BBB integrity through upregulation of specific tight junction proteins and downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Together, our data establish mTOR activity as a critical mediator of BBB breakdown in AD and, potentially, vascular cognitive impairment and suggest that rapamycin and/or rapalogs could be used for the restoration of BBB integrity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This report establishes mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin as a critical mediator of blood-brain barrier breakdown in models of Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment and suggests that drugs targeting the target of rapamycin pathway could be used for the restoration of blood-brain barrier integrity in disease states.
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MESH Headings
- Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy
- Alzheimer Disease/enzymology
- Alzheimer Disease/pathology
- Alzheimer Disease/psychology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects
- Blood-Brain Barrier/enzymology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/pathology
- Cell Line
- Cognition
- Dementia, Vascular/drug therapy
- Dementia, Vascular/enzymology
- Dementia, Vascular/pathology
- Dementia, Vascular/psychology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Tight Junction Proteins/metabolism
- Tight Junctions/drug effects
- Tight Junctions/enzymology
- Tight Junctions/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice E Van Skike
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jordan B Jahrling
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Angela B Olson
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Naomi L Sayre
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Stacy A Hussong
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - James D Lechleiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, South Texas Research Facility Neuroscience Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
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72
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Simion V, Haemmig S, Feinberg MW. LncRNAs in vascular biology and disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 114:145-156. [PMID: 29425892 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies indicate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes involved in homeostatic control of the vessel wall in health and disease. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms by which lncRNAs control gene expression and cell signaling pathways is still nascent. Furthermore, only a handful of lncRNAs has been functionally evaluated in response to pathophysiological stimuli or in vascular disease states. For example, lncRNAs may regulate endothelial dysfunction by modulating endothelial cell proliferation (e.g. MALAT1, H19) or angiogenesis (e.g. MEG3, MANTIS). LncRNAs have also been implicated in modulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypes or vascular remodeling (e.g. ANRIL, SMILR, SENCR, MYOSLID). Finally, emerging studies have implicated lncRNAs in leukocytes activation (e.g. lincRNA-Cox2, linc00305, THRIL), macrophage polarization (e.g. GAS5), and cholesterol metabolism (e.g. LeXis). This review summarizes recent findings on the expression, mechanism, and function of lncRNAs implicated in a range of vascular disease states from mice to human subjects. An improved understanding of lncRNAs in vascular disease may provide new pathophysiological insights and opportunities for the generation of a new class of RNA-based biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Simion
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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73
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Wang WH, Chien TH, Fan SMY, Huang WY, Lai SF, Wu JT, Lin SJ. Activation of mTORC1 Signaling is Required for Timely Hair Follicle Regeneration from Radiation Injury. Radiat Res 2017; 188:681-689. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14830.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering,
| | - Ting-Han Chien
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering,
| | - Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering,
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering,
| | - Shih-Fan Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering,
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology and
| | - June-Tai Wu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering,
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine and
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; and
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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74
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The Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR in Breast Cancer: Does Autophagy Play a Role? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112317. [PMID: 29469819 PMCID: PMC5713286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HOTAIR (HOX transcript antisense RNA) plays a critical role in chromatin dynamics through the interaction with histone modifiers resulting in transcriptional gene silencing. The promoter of the HOTAIR gene contains multiple estrogen response elements (EREs) and is transcriptionally activated by estradiol in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. HOTAIR competes with BRCA1, a critical protein in breast cancer and is a critical regulator of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. It mediates an oncogenic action of c-Myc, essential for breast carcinogenesis. The carcinogenic action of HOTAIR was confirmed in breast cancer stem-like cells, in which it was essential for self-renewal and proliferation. Several miRNAs regulate the expression of HOTAIR and HOTAIR interacts with many miRNAs to support cancer transformation. Many studies point at miR-34a as a major component of HOTAIR–miRNAs–cancer cross-talk. The most important role of HOTAIR can be attributed to cancer progression as its overexpression stimulates invasion and metastasis. HOTAIR can regulate autophagy, important for breast cancer cells survival, through the interaction with miRNAs specific for autophagy genes and directly with these genes. The role of HOTAIR-mediated autophagy in breast cancer progression can be underlined by its interaction with matrix metalloproteinases, essential for cancer invasion, and β-catenin can be important for this interaction. Therefore, there are several mechanisms of the interplay between HOTAIR and autophagy important for breast cancer, but further studies are needed to determine more details of this interplay.
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75
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Long non-coding RNAs involved in autophagy regulation. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3073. [PMID: 28981093 PMCID: PMC5680586 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy degrades non-functioning or damaged proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis in a physiological or pathological context. Autophagy can be protective or detrimental, depending on its activation status and other conditions. Therefore, autophagy has a crucial role in a myriad of pathophysiological processes. From the perspective of autophagy-related (ATG) genes, the molecular dissection of autophagy process and the regulation of its level have been largely unraveled. However, the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) provides a new paradigm of gene regulation in almost all important biological processes, including autophagy. In this review, we highlight recent advances in autophagy-associated lncRNAs and their specific autophagic targets, as well as their relevance to human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cerebral ischemic stroke.
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76
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A New Long Noncoding RNA ALB Regulates Autophagy by Enhancing the Transformation of LC3BI to LC3BII during Human Lens Development. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:207-217. [PMID: 29246299 PMCID: PMC5650653 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential in lens organelle degradation. This study aimed to seek potential autophagy-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their relative mechanisms in human lens development using the “fried egg” lentoid body (LB) generation system. The expression pattern of LC3B in differentiating LBs was similar to that in developing a mouse lens in vivo. Among the massive lncRNAs expressed with a significant difference between induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and LBs, lncRNA affecting LC3B (ALB), which was predicted to have a co-relationship with the autophagy marker LC3B, was highly expressed in differentiating lens fibers in LBs. This result was consistent with its high expression in human embryonic lenses compared to those in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Furthermore, lncRNA ALB knockdown resulted in the downregulation of LC3BII at the protein level, therefore inhibiting the autophagy process in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). Our results identify lncRNA ALB, a potential autophagy regulator in organelle degradation during human lens development, highlighting the importance of lncRNAs in lens development.
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77
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Sheng YL, Chen X, Hou XO, Yuan X, Yuan BS, Yuan YQ, Zhang QL, Cao X, Liu CF, Luo WF, Hu LF. Urate promotes SNCA/α-synuclein clearance via regulating mTOR-dependent macroautophagy. Exp Neurol 2017; 297:138-147. [PMID: 28821398 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Serum urate levels are reported to be significantly lowered in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and inversely correlated to the risk and progression of PD. However, the mechanism by which urate affects PD is poorly understood. Here we showed that treatment with uric acid (UA) resulted in an autophagy activity enhancement in PC12 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners, as indicated by LC3-II increase and P62 decrease. Moreover, UA was still able to increase the LC3-II level and the number of LC3 puncta in the presence of Bafilomycin A1, a lysosomal inhibitor. These changes of autophagic markers were preceded by mTOR inhibition and ULK1 activation. Co-treatment with 3-benzyl-5-((2-nitrophenoxy) methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (3BDO), an mTOR activator, abolished the UA-induced LC3-II increase. More importantly, UA reduced SNCA/α-synuclein accumulation in PC12 cells that overexpress wildtype or A53T mutant SNCA, and this was blocked by Bafilomycin A1 co-treatment. The in vivo study showed that UA administration was able to modulate the levels of autophagy markers, increase the autophagosome/autolysosome formation, and reduce SNCA accumulation in the midbrain of SNCAA53T transgenic mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that UA could induce autophagy activation via an mTOR-dependent signaling and ameliorate SNCA accumulation. This implicates that urate-elevating agent may become a potential strategy for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Sheng
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Hou
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bao-Shi Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu-Qing Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Xian Cao
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei-Feng Luo
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Li-Fang Hu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Zhou F, Li YH, Wang JJ, Pan J, Lu H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress could induce autophagy and apoptosis and enhance chemotherapy sensitivity in human esophageal cancer EC9706 cells by mediating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28631572 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to explore the mechanism of tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in human esophageal cancer EC9706 cells and EC109 cells, as well as its effects on cell autophagy, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. Tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress model was established in EC9706 and EC109 cell lines. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress iconic protein GRP78. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate the effect of different cisplatin and tunicamycin concentrations on survival rate of EC9706 cells and EC109 cells. Autophagy was monitored using monodansylcadaverin and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins (PERK, eIF2α, and CHOP), PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins, autophagy-related proteins (LC3-I/LC3-II, Beclin-1, and p62), and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3). Tunicamycin led to increased expression of GRP78. With tunicamycin treatment, phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α and CHOP expression increased. Meanwhile, the increase in cytolysosome was concentration and time dependent. With the increased tunicamycin concentration, there were increased expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, decreased expression of Bcl-2, and lower phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of tunicamycin and cisplatin could improve the sensitivity of EC9706 cells and EC109 cells to cisplatin; PI3K inhibitor BEZ235 could enhance cell autophagy and apoptosis and increase cell sensitivity to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Jia Pan
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
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79
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Tang L, Chen HY, Hao NB, Tang B, Guo H, Yong X, Dong H, Yang SM. microRNA inhibitors: Natural and artificial sequestration of microRNA. Cancer Lett 2017; 407:139-147. [PMID: 28602827 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNAs) is post-transcriptional regulator of mRNA. However, the prevalence and activity of miRNA are regulated by other regulators. miRNA inhibitors are natural or artificial RNA transcripts that sequestrate miRNAs and decrease or even eliminate miRNA activity. Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are natural and intracellular miRNA inhibitors that compete to bind to shared miRNA recognition elements (MREs) to decrease microRNA availability and relieve the repression of target RNAs. In recent years, studies have revealed that ceRNA crosstalk is involved in many pathophysiological processes and adds a new dimension to miRNA regulation. Artificial miRNA inhibitors are RNA transcripts that are synthesized via chemical and genetic methods. Artificial miRNA inhibitors can be used in miRNA loss-of-function research and gene therapies for certain diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the two different types of miRNA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hong-Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ning-Bo Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xin Yong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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80
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Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a catabolic process that is widely found in nature. Over the past few decades, mounting evidence has indicated that noncoding RNAs, ranging from small noncoding RNAs to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and even circular RNAs (circRNAs), mediate the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes by participating in autophagy regulatory networks. The differential expression of noncoding RNAs affects autophagy levels at different physiological and pathological stages, including embryonic proliferation and differentiation, cellular senescence, and even diseases such as cancer. We summarize the current knowledge regarding noncoding RNA dysregulation in autophagy and investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying noncoding RNA involvement in autophagy regulatory networks. Then, we integrate public resources to predict autophagy-related noncoding RNAs across species and discuss strategies for and the challenges of identifying autophagy-related noncoding RNAs. This article will deepen our understanding of the relationship between noncoding RNAs and autophagy, and provide new insights to specifically target noncoding RNAs in autophagy-associated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China,CONTACT Da Pang ; Shouping Xu Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, China 150040
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China,CONTACT Da Pang ; Shouping Xu Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, China 150040
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81
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Ma Y, Wang P, Xue Y, Qu C, Zheng J, Liu X, Ma J, Liu Y. PVT1 affects growth of glioma microvascular endothelial cells by negatively regulating miR-186. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694326. [PMID: 28351322 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vigorous angiogenesis is one of the reasons for the poor prognosis of glioma. A number of studies have shown that long non-coding RNA can affect a variety of biological behaviors of tumors. However, the influence of long non-coding RNAs on glioma vascular endothelial cells remains unclear. To simulate the glioma microenvironment, we applied glioma-conditioned medium to human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. The long non-coding RNA PVT1 was found to be highly expressed in glioma vascular endothelial cells. Cell Counting Kit-8, migration, and tube formation assays showed that PVT1 overexpression promoted glioma vascular endothelial cells proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. We also found that PVT1 overexpression upregulated the expression of the autophagy-related proteins Atg7 and Beclin1, which induced protective autophagy. Bioinformatics software and dual-luciferase system analysis confirmed that PVT1 acts by targeting miR-186. In addition, our study showed that miR-186 could target the 3' untranslated region of Atg7 and Beclin1 to decrease their expression levels, thereby inhibiting glioma-conditioned human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell autophagy. In conclusion, PVT1 overexpression increased the expression of Atg7 and Beclin1 by targeting miR-186, which induced protective autophagy, thus promoting glioma vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Therefore, PVT1 and miR-186 can provide new therapeutic targets for future anti-angiogenic treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Ma
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- 3 Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 4 Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- 3 Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 4 Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Qu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- 3 Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 4 Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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82
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Zhao D, Wang W, Wang H, Peng H, Liu X, Guo W, Su G, Zhao Z. PKD knockdown inhibits pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by promoting autophagy via AKT/mTOR pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:276-285. [PMID: 28367092 PMCID: PMC5370435 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that protein kinase D (PKD) plays an important role in the development of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. However, the mechanisms involved are not clear. This study tested our hypothesis that PKD might mediate cardiac hypertrophy by negatively regulating autophagy using the technique of PKD knockdown by siRNA. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in 8-week old male C57BL/6 mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). TAC mice were then divided into five groups receiving the treatments of vehicle (DMSO), an autophagy inducer rapamycin (1 mg/kg/day, i.p.), control siRNA, lentiviral PKD siRNA (2×108 transducing units/0.1 ml, i.v. injection in one day after surgery, and repeated in 2 weeks after surgery), and PKD siRNA plus 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, 20 mg/kg/day, i.p.), respectively. Four weeks after TAC surgery, echocardiographic study, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Masson's staining showed mice with TAC had significantly hypertrophy and remodeling compared with sham animals. Treatments with PKD siRNA or rapamycin significantly ameliorated the cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Moreover, PKD siRNA increased cardiac autophagic activity determined by electron micrographic study and the biomarkers by Western blot, accompanied with the downregulated AKT/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway. All the cardiac effects of PDK knockdown were inhibited by co-treatment with 3-MA. These results suggest that PKD is involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting cardiac autophagy via AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Honghai Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated with Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Weixing Guo
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Guohai Su
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated with Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated with Shandong University, Shandong, China
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83
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Xu Z, Yan Y, Qian L, Gong Z. Long non-coding RNAs act as regulators of cell autophagy in diseases (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1359-1366. [PMID: 28184916 PMCID: PMC5364869 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has provided a substantial increase in our understanding of the non-coding transcriptome. Studies have revealed a crucial function of lncRNAs in the modulation of cell autophagy in vitro and in vivo, further contributing to the hallmarks of disease phenotypes. These findings have profoundly altered our understanding of disease pathobiology, and may lead to the emergence of new biological concepts underlying autophagy-associated diseases, such as the carcinomas. Studies on the molecular mechanism of the lncRNA-autophagy axis may offer additional avenues for therapeutic intervention and biomarker assessment. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the multiple molecular roles of regulatory lncRNAs in the signaling pathways of cell autophagy. The emerging knowledge in this rapidly advancing field will offer novel insights into human diseases, especially cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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84
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Wang J, Cao B, Han D, Sun M, Feng J. Long Non-coding RNA H19 Induces Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via Activation of Autophagy. Aging Dis 2017; 8:71-84. [PMID: 28203482 PMCID: PMC5287389 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA H19 (lncRNA H19) was found to be upregulated by hypoxia, its expression and function have never been tested in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study intended to investigate the role of lncRNA H19 and H19 gene variation in cerebral I/R injury with focusing on its relationship with autophagy activation. Cerebral I/R was induced in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. SH-SY5Y cells were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) to simulate I/R injury. Real-time PCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to evaluate the level of lncRNA H19, apoptosis, autophagy and some related proteins. The modified multiple ligase reaction was used to analyze the gene polymorphism of six SNPs in H19, rs217727, rs2067051, rs2251375, rs492994, rs2839698 and rs10732516 in ischemic stroke patients. We found that the expression of lncRNA H19 was upregulated by cerebral I/R in rats, as well as by OGD/R in vitro in the cells. Inhibition of lncRNA H19 and autophagy protected cells from OGD/R-induced death, respectively. Autophagy activation induced by OGD/R was prevented by H19 siRNA. Autophagy inducer, rapamycin, abolished lncRNA H19 effect. Furthermore, we found that lncRNA H19 inhibited autophagy through DUSP5-ERK1/2 axis. The result from blood samples of ischemic patients revealed that the variation of H19 gene increased the risk of ischemic stroke. Taken together, the results of present study suggest that LncRNA H19 could be a new therapeutic target of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110004, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110004, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110004, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110004, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110004, China
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85
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Medications such as corticosteroids, thiopurines, immunomodulators and biologic agents are used to induce and maintain remission; however, response to these drugs is variable and can diminish over time. Defective autophagy has been strongly linked to IBD pathogenesis, with evidence showing that enhancing autophagy may be therapeutically beneficial by regulating inflammation and clearing intestinal pathogens. It is plausible that the therapeutic effects of some IBD drugs are mediated in part through modulation of the autophagy pathway, with studies investigating a wide range of diseases and cell types demonstrating autophagy pathway regulation by these agents. This review will highlight the current evidence, both in vitro and in vivo, for the modulation of autophagy by drugs routinely used in IBD. A clearer understanding of their mechanisms of action will be invaluable to utilize these drugs in a more targeted and personalized manner in this diverse and often complex group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M. Hooper
- School of Life, Sport & Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter G. Barlow
- School of Life, Sport & Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Life, Sport & Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Henderson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
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86
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Huang S, Lu W, Ge D, Meng N, Li Y, Su L, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Miao J. A new microRNA signal pathway regulated by long noncoding RNA TGFB2-OT1 in autophagy and inflammation of vascular endothelial cells. Autophagy 2016; 11:2172-83. [PMID: 26565952 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFB2-OT1 (TGFB2 overlapping transcript 1) is a newly discovered long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) derived from the 3'UTR of TGFB2. It can regulate autophagy in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). However, the mechanisms of TGFB2-OT1 action are unclear, and whether it is involved in VECs dysfunction needs investigation. Here, the level of TGFB2-OT1 was markedly increased by lipopolysaccharide and oxidized low-density lipoprotein, 2 VECs inflammation triggers. A chemical small molecule, 3-benzyl-5-((2-nitrophenoxy) methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (3BDO) significantly decreased TGFB2-OT1 levels and inhibited the effect of LPS and oxLDL. The NUPR1 level was upregulated by the 2 inflammation inducers and modulated the TGFB2-OT1 level by promoting the expression of TIA1, responsible for TGFB2-OT1 processing. We focused on how TGFB2-OT1 regulated autophagy and inflammation. Use of miRNA chip assay, TGFB2-OT1 overexpression technology and 3BDO revealed that TGFB2-OT1 regulated the levels of 3 microRNAs, MIR3960, MIR4488 and MIR4459. Further studies confirmed that TGFB2-OT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA, bound to MIR3960, MIR4488 and MIR4459, then regulated the expression of the miRNA targets CERS1 (ceramide synthase 1), NAT8L (N-acetyltransferase 8-like [GCN5-related, putative]), and LARP1 (La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 1). CERS1 and NAT8L participate in autophagy by affecting mitochondrial function. TGFB2-OT1 increased the LARP1 level, which promoted SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1) expression, NFKB RELA and CASP1 activation, and then production of IL6, IL8 and IL1B in VECs. Thus, NUPR1 and TIA1 may control the level of TGFB2-OT1, and TGFB2-OT1 bound to MIR3960, MIR4488 and MIR4459, which targeted CERS1, NAT8L, and LARP1, respectively, the key proteins involved in autophagy and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuYa Huang
- a Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
| | - Wei Lu
- a Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
| | - Di Ge
- a Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
| | - Ning Meng
- b Institute of Organic Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
| | - Ying Li
- a Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
| | - Le Su
- a Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
| | - ShangLi Zhang
- a Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
| | - Yun Zhang
- c The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research; Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; Qilu Hospital; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
| | - BaoXiang Zhao
- b Institute of Organic Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
| | - JunYing Miao
- a Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Science; Shandong University ; Jinan , China.,c The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research; Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; Qilu Hospital; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
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87
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Chen ZH, Wang WT, Huang W, Fang K, Sun YM, Liu SR, Luo XQ, Chen YQ. The lncRNA HOTAIRM1 regulates the degradation of PML-RARA oncoprotein and myeloid cell differentiation by enhancing the autophagy pathway. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:212-224. [PMID: 27740626 PMCID: PMC5299705 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of great importance in different cell contexts. However, only a very small number of lncRNAs have been experimentally validated and functionally annotated during human hematopoiesis. Here, we report an lncRNA, HOTAIRM1, which is associated with myeloid differentiation and has pivotal roles in the degradation of oncoprotein PML-RARA and in myeloid cell differentiation by regulating autophagy pathways. We first revealed that HOTAIRM1 has different variants that are expressed at different levels in cells and that the expression pattern of HOTAIRM1 is closely related to that of the PML-RARA oncoprotein in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. We further revealed that the downregulation of HOTAIRM1 could inhibit all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) -induced degradation of PML-RARA in APL cells and repress the process of differentiation from promyelocytic to granulocytic cells. More importantly, we found that HOTAIRM1 regulates autophagy and that autophagosome formation was inhibited when HOTAIRM1 expression was reduced in the cells. Finally, through the use of a dual luciferase activity assay, AGO2 RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down, HOTAIRM1 was revealed to act as a microRNA sponge in a pathway that included miR-20a/106b, miR-125b and their targets ULK1, E2F1 and DRAM2. We constructed a human APL-ascites SCID mouse model to validate the function of HOTAIRM1 and its regulatory pathway in vivo. This is the first report showing that a lncRNAs regulates autophagy and the degradation of the PML-RARA oncoprotein during the process of myeloid cell differentiation blockade, suggesting that lncRNAs may be the potential therapeutic targets for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Qun Luo
- Department of Pediatric, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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88
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Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a key catabolic process, essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival through the removal and recycling of unwanted cellular material. Emerging evidence has revealed intricate connections between the RNA and autophagy research fields. While a majority of studies have focused on protein, lipid and carbohydrate catabolism via autophagy, accumulating data supports the view that several types of RNA and associated ribonucleoprotein complexes are specifically recruited to phagophores (precursors to autophagosomes) and subsequently degraded in the lysosome/vacuole. Moreover, recent studies have revealed a substantial number of novel autophagy regulators with RNA-related functions, indicating roles for RNA and associated proteins not only as cargo, but also as regulators of this process. In this review, we discuss widespread evidence of RNA catabolism via autophagy in yeast, plants and animals, reviewing the molecular mechanisms and biological importance in normal physiology, stress and disease. In addition, we explore emerging evidence of core autophagy regulation mediated by RNA-binding proteins and noncoding RNAs, and point to gaps in our current knowledge of the connection between RNA and autophagy. Finally, we discuss the pathological implications of RNA-protein aggregation, primarily in the context of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B Frankel
- a Biotech Research and Innovation Centre , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Michal Lubas
- a Biotech Research and Innovation Centre , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anders H Lund
- a Biotech Research and Innovation Centre , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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89
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Ma H, Su L, Zhang S, Kung H, Miao J. Inhibition of ANXA7 GTPase activity by a small molecule promotes HMBOX1 translation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wang DW, Peng ZJ, Ren GF, Wang GX. The different roles of selective autophagic protein degradation in mammalian cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37098-116. [PMID: 26415220 PMCID: PMC4741918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular pathway for bulk protein degradation and the removal of damaged organelles by lysosomes. Autophagy was previously thought to be unselective; however, studies have increasingly confirmed that autophagy-mediated protein degradation is highly regulated. Abnormal autophagic protein degradation has been associated with multiple human diseases such as cancer, neurological disability and cardiovascular disease; therefore, further elucidation of protein degradation by autophagy may be beneficial for protein-based clinical therapies. Macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) can both participate in selective protein degradation in mammalian cells, but the process is quite different in each case. Here, we summarize the various types of macroautophagy and CMA involved in determining protein degradation. For this summary, we divide the autophagic protein degradation pathways into four categories: the post-translational modification dependent and independent CMA pathways and the ubiquitin dependent and independent macroautophagy pathways, and describe how some non-canonical pathways and modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation and arginylation can influence protein degradation by the autophagy lysosome system (ALS). Finally, we comment on why autophagy can serve as either diagnostics or therapeutic targets in different human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen-ju Peng
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-fang Ren
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-xin Wang
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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91
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Botti-Millet J, Nascimbeni AC, Dupont N, Morel E, Codogno P. Fine-tuning autophagy: from transcriptional to posttranslational regulation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C351-62. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00129.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is a vacuolar lysosomal pathway for degradation of intracellular material in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy plays crucial roles in tissue homeostasis, in adaptation to stress situations, and in immune and inflammatory responses. Alteration of autophagy is associated with cancer, diabetes and obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, autoimmune disease, infection, and chronic inflammatory disease. Autophagy is controlled by autophagy-related (ATG) proteins that act in a coordinated manner to build up the initial autophagic vacuole named the autophagosome. It is now known that the activities of ATG proteins are modulated by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation. Moreover, transcriptional and epigenetic controls are involved in the regulation of autophagy in stress situations. Here we summarize and discuss how posttranslational modifications and transcriptional and epigenetic controls regulate the involvement of autophagy in the proteostasis network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Botti-Millet
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; and
| | - Anna Chiara Nascimbeni
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Morel
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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92
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The long non-coding RNA, SNHG6-003, functions as a competing endogenous RNA to promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:1112-1122. [PMID: 27530352 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the functions and contributions of lncRNAs remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a critical role of SNHG6-003 in HCC. We found that five SNHG6 transcripts were differentially expressed in HCC tissues while only the SNHG6-003 had an oncogenic function. Ectopic expression of SNHG6-003 in HCC cells promoted cell proliferation and induced drug resistance, whereas SNHG6-003 knockdown promoted apoptosis. Moreover, SNHG6-003 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), effectively becoming sponge for miR-26a/b and thereby modulating the expression of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Importantly, expression analysis revealed that both SNHG6-003 and TAK1 were upregulated in human cancers, exhibiting a co-expression pattern. In HCC patients, high expression of SNHG6-003 closely correlated with tumor progression and shorter survival. Thus, targeting the ceRNA network involving SNHG6-003 may be used as a treatment strategy against HCC.
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93
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Abstract
Aging is a universal phenomenon in metazoans, characterized by a general decline of the organism physiology associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Aging of an organism correlates with a decline in function of its cells, as shown for muscle, immune, and neuronal cells. As the DNA content of most cells within an organism remains largely identical throughout the life span, age-associated transcriptional changes must be achieved by epigenetic mechanisms. However, how aging may impact on the epigenetic state of cells is only beginning to be understood. In light of a growing number of studies demonstrating that noncoding RNAs can provide molecular signals that regulate expression of protein-coding genes and define epigenetic states of cells, we hypothesize that noncoding RNAs could play a direct role in inducing age-associated profiles of gene expression. In this context, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as regulators of gene expression might be important for the overall transcriptional landscape observed in aged human cells. The possible functions of lncRNAs and other noncoding RNAs, and their roles in the regulation of aging-related cellular pathways will be analyzed.
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Li L, Chen H, Gao Y, Wang YW, Zhang GQ, Pan SH, Ji L, Kong R, Wang G, Jia YH, Bai XW, Sun B. Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Promotes Aggressive Pancreatic Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis via the Stimulation of Autophagy. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2232-43. [PMID: 27371730 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has emerged as one of the most aggressive malignant tumors with the worst prognosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is increased in pancreatic cancer and is identified as a diagnostic biomarker. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism of elevated MALAT1 levels and tumor aggressiveness remains unknown. In this study, MALAT1 was found to be highly expressed in PDAC tissues, and elevated expression was associated with poorer prognoses. In addition, MALAT1 was positively linearly correlated with the expression of LC3B mRNA. Furthermore, several molecules involved in cellular autophagic flux were modulated following the downregulation of MALAT1, including LC3, P62, and LAMP-2. Mechanistically, we found that MALAT1 interacted with RNA binding protein HuR, and silencing of MALAT1 greatly enhanced the posttranscriptional regulation of TIA-1 and had further effects on inhibiting autophagy. MALAT1 was speculated to regulate tumorigenesis via HuR-TIA-1-mediated autophagic activation. Hence, we investigated the biological properties of MALAT1 in terms of tumor proliferation and metastasis by promoting autophagy in vitro In brief, these data demonstrate that MALAT1 could facilitate the advanced progression of tumors in vivo Our study highlights the new roles of MALAT1 on protumorigenic functioning and anticancer therapy via activating autophagy in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2232-43. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yong-Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guang-Quan Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shang-Ha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue-Hui Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue-Wei Bai
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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95
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Li H, Zhu H, Ge J. Long Noncoding RNA: Recent Updates in Atherosclerosis. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:898-910. [PMID: 27314829 PMCID: PMC4910607 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs belong to a class of noncoding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides with the epigenetic regulation potential. As a novel molecular regulator, lncRNAs are often dysregulated in various pathological conditions and display multiple functions in a wide range of biological processes. Given that recent studies have indicated that lncRNAs are involved in atherosclerosis-related smooth muscle cell, endothelial cell, macrophage and lipid metabolism regulation, it is pertinent to understand the potential function of lncRNAs in atherosclerosis development. This review will highlight the recent updates of lncRNAs in atherogenesis and also discuss their potential roles as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hongming Zhu
- 2. Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.; 3. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Wang Y, Hu Y, Sun C, Zhuo S, He Z, Wang H, Yan M, Liu J, Luan Y, Dai C, Yang Y, Huang R, Zhou B, Zhang F, Zhai Q. Down-regulation of Risa improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing autophagy. FASEB J 2016; 30:3133-45. [PMID: 27251173 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500058r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that some small noncoding RNAs are involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. However, whether long noncoding RNAs also participate in the regulation of insulin sensitivity is still largely unknown. We identified and characterized a long noncoding RNA, regulator of insulin sensitivity and autophagy (Risa), which is a poly(A)(+) cytoplasmic RNA. Overexpression of Risa in mouse primary hepatocytes or C2C12 myotubes attenuated insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor, Akt, and Gsk3β, and knockdown of Risa alleviated insulin resistance. Further studies showed that overexpression of Risa in hepatocytes or myotubes decreased autophagy, and knockdown of Risa up-regulated autophagy. Moreover, knockdown of Atg7 or -5 significantly inhibited the effect of knockdown of Risa on insulin resistance, suggesting that knockdown of Risa alleviated insulin resistance via enhancing autophagy. In addition, tail vein injection of adenovirus to knock down Risa enhanced insulin sensitivity and hepatic autophagy in both C57BL/6 and ob/ob mice. Taken together, the data demonstrate that Risa regulates insulin sensitivity by affecting autophagy and suggest that Risa is a potential target for treating insulin-resistance-related diseases.-Wang, Y., Hu, Y., Sun, C., Zhuo, S., He, Z., Wang, H., Yan, M., Liu, J., Luan, Y., Dai, C., Yang, Y., Huang, R., Zhou, B., Zhang, F., Zhai, Q. Down-regulation of Risa improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Yanan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Chenxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Shu Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Zhishui He
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Menghong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Yi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Changgui Dai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Yonggang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Rui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Ben Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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Gao Y, Gao J, Li M, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Wang W, Chu Y, Wang X, Xu M, Cheng T, Ju Z, Yuan W. Rheb1 promotes tumor progression through mTORC1 in MLL-AF9-initiated murine acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:36. [PMID: 27071307 PMCID: PMC4830070 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The constitutive hyper-activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways has frequently been associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While many inhibitors targeting these pathways have been developed, the anti-leukemic effect was not as robust as expected. As part of the molecular link between PI3K/Akt and mTOR kinase, the role of Rheb1 in AML remains unexplored. Our study aims to explore the role of Rheb1 in AML and estimate whether Rheb1 could be a potential target of AML treatment. METHODS The expressions of Rheb1 and other indicated genes were analyzed using real-time PCR. AML mouse model was established by retrovirus transduction. Leukemia cell properties and related signaling pathways were dissected by in vitro and in vivo studies. The transcriptional changes were analyzed via gene chip analysis. Molecular reagents including mTOR inhibitor and mTOR activator were used to evaluate the function of related signaling pathway in the mouse model. RESULTS We observed that Rheb1 is overexpressed in AML patients and the change of Rheb1 level in AML patients is associated with their median survival. Using a Rheb1-deficient MLL-AF9 murine AML model, we revealed that Rheb1 deletion prolonged the survival of AML mice by weakening LSC function. In addition, Rheb1 deletion arrested cell cycle progression and enhanced apoptosis of AML cells. Furthermore, while Rheb1 deletion reduced mTORC1 activity in AML cells, additional rapamycin treatment further decreased mTORC1 activity and increased the apoptosis of Rheb1 (Δ/Δ) AML cells. The mTOR activator 3BDO partially rescued mTORC1 signaling and inhibited apoptosis in Rheb1 (Δ/Δ) AML cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Rheb1 promotes AML progression through mTORC1 signaling pathway and combinational drug treatments targeting Rheb1 and mTOR might have a better therapeutic effect on leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Minghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China.
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Institute of Aging, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) and TIA1-related/like protein (TIAR/TIAL1) are 2 proteins discovered in 1991 as components of cytotoxic T lymphocyte granules. They act in the nucleus as regulators of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing. In the cytoplasm, TIA1 and TIAR regulate and/or modulate the location, stability and/or translation of mRNAs. As knowledge of the different genes regulated by these proteins and the cellular/biological programs in which they are involved increases, it is evident that these antigens are key players in human physiology and pathology. This review will discuss the latest developments in the field, with physiopathological relevance, that point to novel roles for these regulators in the molecular and cell biology of higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sánchez-Jiménez
- a Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM); C/Nicolás Cabrera 1 ; Madrid , Spain
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99
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Zhou T, Ding JW, Wang XA, Zheng XX. Long noncoding RNAs and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 248:51-61. [PMID: 26987066 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is universally recognized as a chronic lipid-induced inflammation of the vessel wall in response to dyslipidemia and haemodynamic stress involving dysfunction and activation of resident vascular cells as well as infiltration of leukocytes. As members of nonprotein-coding RNAs, the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in various biological processes. Accumulating evidences suggest that lncRNAs regulate the function of vascular wall, activation of macrophages, lipid metabolism and immune response. Here, we review the effects of lncRNAs on the progress of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-wang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xin-an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xia-xia Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
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100
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Long Noncoding RNA LOC100129973 Suppresses Apoptosis by Targeting miR-4707-5p and miR-4767 in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21620. [PMID: 26887505 PMCID: PMC4757888 DOI: 10.1038/srep21620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of multiple biological processes by altering gene expression at various levels. Apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) is closely linked to numerous cardiovascular diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, thrombus formation and plaque erosion. However, studies on lncRNAs in the cardiovascular system are just beginning. And thus far, no anti-apoptosis lncRNAs have been identified in VECs. Here, we focused on the anti-apoptosis roles of lncRNAs in the serum and FGF-2 starvation-induced apoptosis of VECs. Using microarray analysis, we found a novel lncRNA LOC100129973 which acted as an apoptosis inhibitor in VECs. Through sponging miR-4707-5p and miR-4767, lncRNA LOC100129973 upregulated the expression of two apoptosis repressors gene, Apoptosis Inhibitor 5 (API5) and BCL2 like 12 (BCL2L12), and thus alleviated the serum and FGF-2 starvation-induced apoptosis in VECs. This evidence suggests that lncRNA LOC100129973 is an attractive target to improve endothelial function and for therapy of apoptosis related cardiovascular diseases.
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