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Bohaumilitzky L, Huber AK, Stork EM, Wengert S, Woelfl F, Boehm H. A Trickster in Disguise: Hyaluronan's Ambivalent Roles in the Matrix. Front Oncol 2017; 7:242. [PMID: 29062810 PMCID: PMC5640889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a simple but diverse glycosaminoglycan. It plays a major role in aging, cellular senescence, cancer, and tissue homeostasis. In which way HA affects the surrounding tissues greatly depends on the molecular weight of HA. Whereas high molecular weight HA is associated with homeostasis and protective effects, HA fragments tend to be linked to the pathologic state. Furthermore, the interaction of HA with its binding partners, the hyaladherins, such as CD44, is essential for sustaining tissue integrity and is likewise related to cancer. The naked mole rat, a rodent species, possesses a special form of very high molecular weight (vHMW) HA, which is associated with the extraordinary cancer resistance and longevity of those animals. This review addresses HA and its diverse facets: from HA synthesis to degradation, from oligomeric HA to vHMW-HA and from its beneficial properties to the involvement in pathologies. We further discuss the functions of HA in the naked mole rat and compare them to human conditions. Though intensively researched, this simple polymer bears some secrets that may hold the key for a better understanding of cellular processes and the development of diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bohaumilitzky
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Huber
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Stork
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Wengert
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Woelfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Boehm
- CSF Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Gesteira TF, Sun M, Coulson-Thomas YM, Yamaguchi Y, Yeh LK, Hascall V, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Hyaluronan Rich Microenvironment in the Limbal Stem Cell Niche Regulates Limbal Stem Cell Differentiation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:4407-4421. [PMID: 28863216 PMCID: PMC5584473 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Limbal epithelial stem cells (LSCs), located in the basal layer of the corneal epithelium in the corneal limbus, are vital for maintaining the corneal epithelium. LSCs have a high capacity of self-renewal with increased potential for error-free proliferation and poor differentiation. To date, limited research has focused on unveiling the composition of the limbal stem cell niche, and, more important, on the role the specific stem cell niche may have in LSC differentiation and function. Our work investigates the composition of the extracellular matrix in the LSC niche and how it regulates LSC differentiation and function. Methods Hyaluronan (HA) is naturally synthesized by hyaluronan synthases (HASs), and vertebrates have the following three types: HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3. Wild-type and HAS and TSG-6 knockout mice-HAS1-/-;HAS3-/-, HAS2Δ/ΔCorEpi, TSG-6-/--were used to determine the importance of the HA niche in LSC differentiation and specification. Results Our data demonstrate that the LSC niche is composed of a HA rich extracellular matrix. HAS1-/-;HAS3-/-, HAS2Δ/ΔCorEpi, and TSG-6-/- mice have delayed wound healing and increased inflammation after injury. Interestingly, upon insult the HAS knock-out mice up-regulate HA throughout the cornea through a compensatory mechanism, and in turn this alters LSC and epithelial cell specification. Conclusions The LSC niche is composed of a specialized HA matrix that differs from that present in the rest of the corneal epithelium, and the disruption of this specific HA matrix within the LSC niche leads to compromised corneal epithelial regeneration. Finally, our findings suggest that HA has a major role in maintaining the LSC phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Burns, Chemical/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cellular Microenvironment/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epithelium, Corneal/metabolism
- Eye Burns/chemically induced
- Glucuronosyltransferase/metabolism
- Hyaluronan Synthases
- Hyaluronic Acid/genetics
- Hyaluronic Acid/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Limbus Corneae/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sodium Hydroxide
- Stem Cell Niche/physiology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Wound Healing/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingxia Sun
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | | | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Lung-Kun Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Linko, Taiwan
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53
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Shimoda M, Yoshida H, Mizuno S, Hirozane T, Horiuchi K, Yoshino Y, Hara H, Kanai Y, Inoue S, Ishijima M, Okada Y. Hyaluronan-Binding Protein Involved in Hyaluronan Depolymerization Controls Endochondral Ossification through Hyaluronan Metabolism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1162-1176. [PMID: 28284715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) plays an important role in the development and maintenance of tissues, and its degradation is implicated in many pathologic conditions. We recently reported that HA-binding protein involved in HA depolymerization (CEMIP; alias HYBID/KIAA1199) is a key molecule in HA depolymerization, but its developmental and pathologic functions remain elusive. We generated Hybid-deficient mice using the Cre/locus of crossover in P1 (loxP) system and analyzed their phenotypes. Hybid-deficient mice were viable and fertile, but their adult long bones were shorter than those of wild-type animals. Hybid-deficient mice showed lengthening of hypertrophic zone in the growth plate until 4 weeks after birth. There were fewer capillaries and osteoclasts at the chondroosseous junction in the Hybid-deficient mice compared with the wild-type mice. In situ hybridization demonstrated that Hybid was expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes at the chondroosseous junction. Cultured primary chondrocytes expressed higher levels of Hybid than did osteoblasts or osteoclasts, and the Hybid expression in the chondrocytes was up-regulated after maturation to hypertrophic chondrocytes. High-molecular-weight HA was accumulated in the lengthened hypertrophic zone in Hybid-deficient mice. In addition, high-molecular-weight HA significantly reduced cell growth and tube formation in vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated or -nonstimulated endothelial cells. HA metabolism by HYBID is involved in endochondral ossification during postnatal development by modulation of angiogenesis and osteoclast recruitment at the chondroosseous junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Sakiko Mizuno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Hirozane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Inoue
- Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Okada
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathophysiology for Locomotive and Neoplastic Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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54
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Kuo YZ, Fang WY, Huang CC, Tsai ST, Wang YC, Yang CL, Wu LW. Hyaluronan synthase 3 mediated oncogenic action through forming inter-regulation loop with tumor necrosis factor alpha in oral cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15563-15583. [PMID: 28107185 PMCID: PMC5362506 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a major extracellular matrix component. However, its role and mediation in oral cancer remains elusive. Hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3), involved in pro-inflammatory short chain HA synthesis, was the predominant synthase in oral cancer cells and tissues. HAS3 overexpression significantly increased oral cancer cell migration, invasion and xenograft tumorigenesis accompanied with the increased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). Conversely, HAS3 depletion abrogated HAS3-mediated stimulation. HAS3 induced oncogenic actions partly through activating EGFR-SRC signaling. HAS3-derived HA release into extracellular milieu enhanced transendothelial monocyte migration and MCP-1 expression, which was attenuated by anti-HAS3 antibodies or a HAS inhibitor, 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU). The NF-κB-binding site III at -1692 to -1682 bp upstream from the transcript 1 start site in HAS3 proximal promoter was the most responsive to TNF-α-stimulated transcription. ChIP-qPCR analysis confirmed the highest NF-κB-p65 enrichment on site III. Increased HAS3 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with the overall survival of oral cancer patients. A concomitant increase of TNF-α, a stimulus for HAS3 expression, with HAS3 expression was not only associated with lymph node metastasis but also negated clinical outcome. Together, HAS3 and TNF-α formed an inter-regulation loop to enhance tumorigenesis in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zih Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Yu Fang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Chih Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sen-Tien Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Li Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Wha Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
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55
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Hsu LJ, Chiang MF, Sze CI, Su WP, Yap YV, Lee IT, Kuo HL, Chang NS. HYAL-2-WWOX-SMAD4 Signaling in Cell Death and Anticancer Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:141. [PMID: 27999774 PMCID: PMC5138198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidase HYAL-2 is a membrane-anchored protein and also localizes, in part, in the lysosome. Recent study from animal models revealed that both HYAL-1 and HYAL-2 are essential for the metabolism of hyaluronan (HA). Hyal-2 deficiency is associated with chronic thrombotic microangiopathy with hemolytic anemia in mice due to over accumulation of high molecular size HA. HYAL-2 is essential for platelet generation. Membrane HYAL-2 degrades HA bound by co-receptor CD44. Also, in a non-canonical signal pathway, HYAL-2 serves as a receptor for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) to signal with downstream tumor suppressors WWOX and SMAD4 to control gene transcription. When SMAD4 responsive element is overly driven by the HYAL-2–WWOX–SMAD4 signaling complex, cell death occurs. When rats are subjected to traumatic brain injury, over accumulation of a HYAL-2–WWOX complex occurs in the nucleus to cause neuronal death. HA induces the signaling of HYAL-2–WWOX–SMAD4 and relocation of the signaling complex to the nucleus. If the signaling complex is overexpressed, bubbling cell death occurs in WWOX-expressing cells. In addition, a small synthetic peptide Zfra (zinc finger-like protein that regulates apoptosis) binds membrane HYAL-2 of non-T/non-B spleen HYAL-2+ CD3− CD19− Z lymphocytes and activates the cells to generate memory anticancer response against many types of cancer cells in vivo. Whether the HYAL-2–WWOX–SMAD4 signaling complex is involved is discussed. In this review and opinion article, we have updated the current knowledge of HA, HYAL-2 and WWOX, HYAL-2–WWOX–SMAD4 signaling, bubbling cell death, and Z cell activation for memory anticancer response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jin Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, and Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Pei Su
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ye Vone Yap
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Kuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shan Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan; Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten Island, NY, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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56
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Ziganshina MM, Pavlovich SV, Bovin NV, Sukhikh GT. Hyaluronic Acid in Vascular and Immune Homeostasis during Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Acta Naturae 2016; 8:59-71. [PMID: 27795844 PMCID: PMC5081706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem pathologic state that clinically manifests itself after the 20th week of pregnancy. It is characterized by high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. According to modern concepts, the impairment of trophoblast invasion into maternal spiral arteries, leading to the development of ischemia in placenta, is considered to be the major pathogenetic factor of PE development. Ischemic lesions initiate the development of a systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and endothelial dysfunction, which is the main cause of the multiple organ failure in PE. Some data has appear indicating the importance of a glycans-forming endothelial glycocalyx and extracellular matrix (ECM) for placenta morphogenesis, as well as their role in the regulation of vascular permeability and vascular tone in hypertension disorders and, in particular, PE. Since intact glycocalyx and ECM are considered to be the major factors that maintain the physiological vascular tone and adequate intercellular interactions, their value in PE pathogenesis is underestimated. This review is focused on hyaluronic acid (HA) as the key glycan providing the organization and stabilization of the ECM and glycocalyx, its distribution in tissues in the case of presence or absence of placental pathology, as well as on the regulatory function of hyaluronic acids of various molecular weights in different physiological and pathophysiological processes. The summarized data will provide a better understanding of the PE pathogenesis, with the main focus on glycopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Ziganshina
- Federal State Budget Institution “Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Oparin str. 4, 117997, Russia, Moscow
| | - S. V. Pavlovich
- Federal State Budget Institution “Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Oparin str. 4, 117997, Russia, Moscow
| | - N. V. Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya str. 16/10, 117997, Russia, Moscow
| | - G. T. Sukhikh
- Federal State Budget Institution “Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Oparin str. 4, 117997, Russia, Moscow
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57
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Mueller A, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Mueller HD, Lussi A, Sculean A, Schmidlin PR, Miron RJ. Effect of hyaluronic acid on morphological changes to dentin surfaces and subsequent effect on periodontal ligament cell survival, attachment, and spreading. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1013-1019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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58
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Zamfir AD. Applications of capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in glycosaminoglycan analysis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:973-86. [PMID: 26701317 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) represent a class of heavily glycosylated proteins distributed in the extracellular matrix, connective tissues, and on the surface of many cell types where, as functional molecules, regulate important biological processes. Structurally, PGs consist of a core protein linked to glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, which basically determine the properties and activities of PGs. In view of the structural complexity of GAGs and the existing correlation between this structure and PG functions, systematic efforts are invested into development of analytical methods for GAG characterization. Although less popular and of higher technical difficulty than liquid-based chromatographic methods, CE coupled with ESI MS contributed lately an important progress to glycosaminoglycomics field. In this review article, the most significant CE ESI MS and MS/MS applications in GAG research are highlighted and critically assessed. The advantages and the limitations of each concept as well as the possible further methodological refinements are also concisely discussed. Finally, the review presents the perspectives of CE ESI MS in GAG analysis along with the objectives, which still need to be reached in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina D Zamfir
- Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Arad, Romania.,National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
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