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Proietti D, Giordani L, De Bardi M, D’Ercole C, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Amadio S, Volonté C, Marinelli S, Muchir A, Bouché M, Borsellino G, Sacco A, Puri PL, Madaro L. Activation of skeletal muscle-resident glial cells upon nerve injury. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143469. [PMID: 33661767 PMCID: PMC8119188 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report on the identification of Itga7-expressing muscle-resident glial cells activated by loss of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) integrity. Gene expression analysis at the bulk and single-cell level revealed that these cells are distinct from Itga7-expressing muscle satellite cells. We show that a selective activation and expansion of Itga7+ glial cells occur in response to muscle nerve lesion. Upon activation, muscle glial-derived progenies expressed neurotrophic genes, including nerve growth factor receptor, which enables their isolation by FACS. We show that activated muscle glial cells also expressed genes potentially implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling at NMJs. We found that tenascin C, which was highly expressed by muscle glial cells, activated upon nerve injury and preferentially localized to NMJ. Interestingly, we observed that the activation of muscle glial cells by acute nerve injury was reversible upon NMJ repair. By contrast, in a mouse model of ALS, in which NMJ degeneration is progressive, muscle glial cells steadily increased over the course of the disease. However, they exhibited an impaired neurotrophic activity, suggesting that pathogenic activation of glial cells may be implicated in ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Proietti
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Giordani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 974, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Chiara D’Ercole
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Volonté
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- CNR, National Research Council, Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Marinelli
- CNR, National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 974, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Marina Bouché
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Sacco
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Luca Madaro
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
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52
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Sorensen JR, Hoffman DB, Corona BT, Greising SM. Secondary denervation is a chronic pathophysiologic sequela of volumetric muscle loss. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1614-1625. [PMID: 33830817 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00049.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is the traumatic loss of muscle tissue that results in long-term functional impairments. Despite the loss of myofibers, there remains an unexplained significant decline in muscle function. VML injury likely extends beyond the defect area, causing negative secondary outcomes to the neuromuscular system, including the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), yet the extent to which VML induces denervation is unclear. This study systematically examined NMJs surrounding the VML injury, hypothesizing that the sequela of VML includes denervation. The VML injury removed ∼20% of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in adult male inbred Lewis rats (n = 43), the noninjured leg served as an intra-animal control. Muscles were harvested up to 48 days post-VML. Synaptic terminals were identified immunohistochemically, and quantitative confocal microscopy evaluated 2,613 individual NMJ. Significant denervation was apparent by 21 and 48 days post-VML. Initially, denervation increased ∼10% within 3 days of injury; with time, denervation further increased to ∼22% and 32% by 21 and 48 days post-VML, respectively, suggesting significant secondary denervation. The appearance of terminal axon sprouting and polyinnervation were observed as early as 7 days post-VML, increasing in number and complexity throughout 48 days. There was no evidence of VML-induced NMJ size alteration, which may be beneficial for interventions aimed at restoring muscle function. This work recognizes VML-induced secondary denervation and poor remodeling of the NMJ as part of the sequela of VML injury; moreover, secondary denervation is a possible contributing factor to the chronic functional impairments and potentially an overlooked treatment target.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work advances our understanding of the pathophysiologic complexity of volumetric muscle loss injury. Specifically, we identified secondary denervation in the muscle remaining after volumetric muscle loss injuries as a novel aspect of the injury sequela. Denervation increased chronically, in parallel with the appearance of irregular morphological characteristics and destabilization of the neuromuscular junction, which is expected to further confound chronic functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Sorensen
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel B Hoffman
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Benjamin T Corona
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sarah M Greising
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Wong A, Garcia SM, Tamaki S, Striedinger K, Barruet E, Hansen SL, Young DM, Pomerantz JH. Satellite cell activation and retention of muscle regenerative potential after long-term denervation. Stem Cells 2021; 39:331-344. [PMID: 33326654 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible denervation atrophy remains an unsolved clinical problem, and the role of skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC, satellite cell) depletion in this process is unclear. We investigated the ability of MuSCs to regenerate muscle in the context of denervation. Three to 12 months following sciatic denervation in mice, MuSC number, size, EdU uptake, rate of division, and mitochondrial activity were increased. Following acute myotoxin injury, denervated muscles formed new muscle fibers in situ. MuSCs isolated via flow cytometry from denervated mouse muscle, or from atrophic denervated gluteus maximus muscles of humans with complete spinal cord injuries two decades prior, formed new muscle fibers and reoccupied the anatomic niche after transplantation into uninjured muscle. Our results show unequivocally that, even after prolonged denervation, MuSCs retain intrinsic regenerative potential similar to that of uninjured MuSCs. Treatment of denervation atrophy will require elucidating the non-MuSC environmental changes in muscle that prevent functional regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Wong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven M Garcia
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stanley Tamaki
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Katharine Striedinger
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emilie Barruet
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Scott L Hansen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David M Young
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason H Pomerantz
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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54
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Sonkodi B. Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): The Repeated Bout Effect and Chemotherapy-Induced Axonopathy May Help Explain the Dying-Back Mechanism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010108. [PMID: 33467407 PMCID: PMC7830646 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is hypothesized to be caused by glutamate excitotoxicity-induced acute compression axonopathy of the sensory afferents in the muscle spindle. Degeneration of the same sensory afferents is implicated in the disease onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A series of “silent” acute compression proprioceptive axonopathies with underlying genetic/environmental factors, damaging eccentric contractions and the non-resolving neuroinflammatory process of aging could lead to ALS disease progression. Since the sensory terminals in the muscle spindle could not regenerate from the micro-damage in ALS, unlike in DOMS, the induced protective microcircuits and their long-term functional plasticity (the equivalent of the repeated bout effect in DOMS) will be dysfunctional. The acute stress invoking osteocalcin, bradykinin, COX1, COX2, GDNF, PGE2, NGF, glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are suggested to be the critical signalers of this theory. The repeated bout effect of DOMS and the dysfunctional microcircuits in ALS are suggested to involve several dimensions of memory and learning, like pain memory, inflammation, working and episodic memory. The spatial encoding of these memory dimensions is compromised in ALS due to blunt position sense from the degenerating proprioceptive axon terminals of the affected muscle spindles. Dysfunctional microcircuits progressively and irreversibly interfere with postural control, with motor command and locomotor circuits, deplete the neuroenergetic system, and ultimately interfere with life-sustaining central pattern generators in ALS. The activated NMDA receptor is suggested to serve the “gate control” function in DOMS and ALS in line with the gate control theory of pain. Circumvention of muscle spindle-loading could be a choice of exercise therapy in muscle spindle-affected neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Sonkodi
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Alkotas u. 44, H-1123 Budapest, Hungary
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55
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Magarotto F, Sgrò A, Dorigo Hochuli AH, Andreetta M, Grassi M, Saggioro M, Nogara L, Tolomeo AM, Francescato R, Collino F, Germano G, Caicci F, Maghin E, Piccoli M, Jurga M, Blaauw B, Gamba P, Muraca M, Pozzobon M. Muscle functional recovery is driven by extracellular vesicles combined with muscle extracellular matrix in a volumetric muscle loss murine model. Biomaterials 2021; 269:120653. [PMID: 33461058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biological scaffolds derived from decellularized tissues are being investigated as a promising approach to repair volumetric muscle losses (VML). Indeed, extracellular matrix (ECM) from decellularized tissues is highly biocompatible and mimics the original tissue. However, the development of fibrosis and the muscle stiffness still represents a major problem. Intercellular signals mediating tissue repair are conveyed via extracellular vesicles (EVs), biologically active nanoparticles secreted by the cells. This work aimed at using muscle ECM and human EVs derived from Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC EVs) to boost tissue regeneration in a VML murine model. Mice transplanted with muscle ECM and treated with PBS or MSC EVs were analyzed after 7 and 30 days. Flow cytometry, tissue analysis, qRT-PCR and physiology test were performed. We demonstrated that angiogenesis and myogenesis were enhanced while fibrosis was reduced after EV treatment. Moreover, the inflammation was directed toward tissue repair. M2-like, pro-regenerative macrophages were significantly increased in the MSC EVs treated group compared to control. Strikingly, the histological improvements were associated with enhanced functional recovery. These results suggest that human MSC EVs can be a naturally-derived boost able to ameliorate the efficacy of tissue-specific ECM in muscle regeneration up to the restored tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Magarotto
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Pediatric Research Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy; Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Sgrò
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marina Andreetta
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Grassi
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Saggioro
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Pediatric Research Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy; Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Italy; L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per La Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Francescato
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Pediatric Research Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Collino
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Paediatric Nephro-urology, Fondazione Ca' Granada IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Germano
- Institute of Pediatric Research Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Maghin
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Italy; Tissue Engineering Lab, Institute of Pediatric Research Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Institute of Pediatric Research Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Bert Blaauw
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Gamba
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Italy; Institute of Pediatric Research Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy; L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per La Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Pediatric Research Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy; Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Italy.
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56
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Zelada D, Bermedo-García F, Collao N, Henríquez JP. Motor function recovery: deciphering a regenerative niche at the neuromuscular synapse. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:752-766. [PMID: 33336525 PMCID: PMC7986695 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coordinated movement of many organisms relies on efficient nerve–muscle communication at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a peripheral synapse composed of a presynaptic motor axon terminal, a postsynaptic muscle specialization, and non‐myelinating terminal Schwann cells. NMJ dysfunctions are caused by traumatic spinal cord or peripheral nerve injuries as well as by severe motor pathologies. Compared to the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system displays remarkable regenerating abilities; however, this capacity is limited by the denervation time frame and depends on the establishment of permissive regenerative niches. At the injury site, detailed information is available regarding the cells, molecules, and mechanisms involved in nerve regeneration and repair. However, a regenerative niche at the final functional step of peripheral motor innervation, i.e. at the mature neuromuscular synapse, has not been deciphered. In this review, we integrate classic and recent evidence describing the cells and molecules that could orchestrate a dynamic ecosystem to accomplish successful NMJ regeneration. We propose that such a regenerative niche must ensure at least two fundamental steps for successful NMJ regeneration: the proper arrival of incoming regenerating axons to denervated postsynaptic muscle domains, and the resilience of those postsynaptic domains, in morphological and functional terms. We here describe and combine the main cellular and molecular responses involved in each of these steps as potential targets to help successful NMJ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Zelada
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisca Bermedo-García
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nicolás Collao
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan P Henríquez
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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57
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STUDY OF BONE MARROW ASPIRATE INJECTION EFFECT ON DENERVATED MUSCLE ACCORDING TO ELECTROMYOGRAPHY STUDIES. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2020.001499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim. To study in experiment the effect of bone marrow aspirate injection on the course of denervation-reinnervation processes in skeletal muscle using neurophysiological research method. Materials and methods. Experimental study was performed on 36 mature rabbits weighing 3-4 kg. Experimental model of the peripheral nerve acute injury and neurorrhaphy is taken as a basis. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 9 animals per group (3 animals for each experimental period). At 8, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery, all rabbits underwent needle EMG of the target muscles (m. gastrocnemius, and m. tibialis anterior) to study denervation-reinnervation changes. Results. Results of target muscles electromyographic examination are shown. As norm, we took motor unit potentials parameters, which were registered during the study of contralateral (not operated) pelvic limbs. Largest number of registered MUPs at different stages of the denervation-reinnervation process was observed, and was significantly higher (α = 0.07) in the groups in which bone marrow aspirate was injected in relation to group without bone marrow aspirate injection. Changes in the parameters of the registered MUPs in all groups corresponded to the general characteristics of the denervation-reinnervation process. Conclusions. Injection of bone marrow aspirate into the target muscles during surgery and in the early stages of reinnervation (in experimental study it is 7 weeks after surgery) – reliably (α = 0.07) promotes improvement of reinnervation processes in muscles, which is manifested by registration of more motor unit potentials.
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58
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Chemoradiation impairs myofiber hypertrophic growth in a pediatric tumor model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19501. [PMID: 33177579 PMCID: PMC7659015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75913-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancer treatment often involves chemotherapy and radiation, where off-target effects can include skeletal muscle decline. The effect of such treatments on juvenile skeletal muscle growth has yet to be investigated. We employed a small animal irradiator to administer fractionated hindlimb irradiation to juvenile mice bearing implanted rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) tumors. Hindlimb-targeted irradiation (3 × 8.2 Gy) of 4-week-old mice successfully eliminated RMS tumors implanted one week prior. After establishment of this preclinical model, a cohort of tumor-bearing mice were injected with the chemotherapeutic drug, vincristine, alone or in combination with fractionated irradiation (5 × 4.8 Gy). Single myofiber analysis of fast-contracting extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow-contracting soleus (SOL) muscles was conducted 3 weeks post-treatment. Although a reduction in myofiber size was apparent, EDL and SOL myonuclear number were differentially affected by juvenile irradiation and/or vincristine treatment. In contrast, a decrease in myonuclear domain (myofiber volume/myonucleus) was observed regardless of muscle or treatment. Thus, inhibition of myofiber hypertrophic growth is a consistent feature of pediatric cancer treatment.
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59
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Bachman JF, Blanc RS, Paris ND, Kallenbach JG, Johnston CJ, Hernady E, Williams JP, Chakkalakal JV. Radiation-Induced Damage to Prepubertal Pax7+ Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells Drives Lifelong Deficits in Myofiber Size and Nuclear Number. iScience 2020; 23:101760. [PMID: 33241204 PMCID: PMC7674517 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During prepubertal development, muscle stem cells (satellite cells, SCs) actively contribute to myofiber growth. Because some SCs are active during this time, they may be particularly susceptible to damage. Using a Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP), we investigated the effects of local fractionated radiation treatment on prepubertal SCs. Immediately after this regimen, there was a reduction in SC number. Although surviving SCs had deficiencies in function, some myogenic potential remained. Indeed, some muscle regenerative capacity persisted immediately after irradiation. Lastly, we assessed the long-term consequences of radiation-induced SC loss during prepuberty. We observed a reduction of myofiber size and corresponding loss of nuclei in both fast- and slow-contracting muscles 14 months post-irradiation. Notably, prepubertal SC depletion mimicked these lifelong deficits. This work highlights the susceptibility of prepubertal SCs to radiation exposure. We also reveal the importance of prepubertal SC contribution to the lifelong maintenance of skeletal muscle. Increased sensitivity of satellite cells to irradiation during prepubertal growth Prepubertal irradiation leads to lifelong deficits in skeletal muscle regenerative capacity Lifelong reduction in myofiber size and nuclear number is a consequence of prepubertal irradiation Satellite cell ablation mimics the lifelong effects of prepubertal irradiation on myofiber size and nuclear number
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Bachman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Roméo S Blanc
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nicole D Paris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacob G Kallenbach
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Carl J Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eric Hernady
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, and The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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60
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Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) maintain tissue homeostasis and repair wounds. Despite marked variation in tissue architecture and regenerative demands, SCs often follow similar paradigms in communicating with their microenvironmental "niche" to transition between quiescent and regenerative states. Here we use skin epithelium and skeletal muscle-among the most highly-stressed tissues in our body-to highlight similarities and differences in niche constituents and how SCs mediate natural tissue rejuvenation and perform regenerative acts prompted by injuries. We discuss how these communication networks break down during aging and how understanding tissue SCs has led to major advances in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Foundation Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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61
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Splicing Factor SRSF1 Is Essential for Satellite Cell Proliferation and Postnatal Maturation of Neuromuscular Junctions in Mice. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:941-954. [PMID: 32888503 PMCID: PMC7561493 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells are main muscle stem cells that could provide myonuclei for myofiber growth and synaptic-specific gene expression during the early postnatal development. Here, we observed that splicing factor SRSF1 is highly expressed in myoblasts and its expression is closely related with satellite cell activation and proliferation. By genetic deletion of SRSF1 in myogenic progenitors, we found that SRSF1 is critical for satellite cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Most notably we also observed that SRSF1 is required for the functional neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation, as SRSF1-deficient mice fail to form mature pretzel-like NMJs, which leads to muscle weakness and premature death in mice. Finally, we demonstrated that SRSF1 contributes to muscle innervation and muscle development likely by regulating a restricted set of tissue-specific alternative splicing events. Thus, our data define a unique role for SRSF1 in postnatal skeletal muscle growth and function in mice. SRSF1 is highly expressed in activated satellite cells Loss of SRSF1 dramatically impairs satellite cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo SRSF1 is also required for the functional neuromuscular junction formation in mice SRSF1-deficient mice display muscle weakness and die prematurely
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62
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Blanc RS, Kallenbach JG, Bachman JF, Mitchell A, Paris ND, Chakkalakal JV. Inhibition of inflammatory CCR2 signaling promotes aged muscle regeneration and strength recovery after injury. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4167. [PMID: 32820177 PMCID: PMC7441393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration depends on a robust albeit transient inflammatory response. Persistent inflammation is a feature of age-related regenerative deficits, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we find inflammatory-related CC-chemokine-receptor 2 (Ccr2) expression in non-hematopoietic myogenic progenitors (MPs) during regeneration. After injury, the expression of Ccr2 in MPs corresponds to the levels of its ligands, the chemokines Ccl2, 7, and 8. We find stimulation of Ccr2-activity inhibits MP fusion and contribution to myofibers. This occurs in association with increases in MAPKp38δ/γ signaling, MyoD phosphorylation, and repression of the terminal myogenic commitment factor Myogenin. High levels of Ccr2-chemokines are a feature of regenerating aged muscle. Correspondingly, deletion of Ccr2 in MPs is necessary for proper fusion into regenerating aged muscle. Finally, opportune Ccr2 inhibition after injury enhances aged regeneration and functional recovery. These results demonstrate that inflammatory-induced activation of Ccr2 signaling in myogenic cells contributes to aged muscle regenerative decline. Chronic inflammation is a feature of age-related regenerative decline in skeletal muscles, but how it directly affects resident muscle stem cell fate and function is unclear. Here, the authors show that Ccr2 signaling in muscle stem cell derived progenitors represses terminal myogenic differentiation, and that targeting Ccr2 on aged myogenic progenitors rejuvenates aged skeletal muscle healing and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roméo S Blanc
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, and The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacob G Kallenbach
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John F Bachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nicole D Paris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, and The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, and The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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63
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Florkowska A, Meszka I, Zawada M, Legutko D, Proszynski TJ, Janczyk-Ilach K, Streminska W, Ciemerych MA, Grabowska I. Pax7 as molecular switch regulating early and advanced stages of myogenic mouse ESC differentiation in teratomas. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:238. [PMID: 32552916 PMCID: PMC7301568 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pluripotent stem cells present the ability to self-renew and undergo differentiation into any cell type building an organism. Importantly, a lot of evidence on embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation comes from in vitro studies. However, ESCs cultured in vitro do not necessarily behave as cells differentiating in vivo. For this reason, we used teratomas to study early and advanced stages of in vivo ESC myogenic differentiation and the role of Pax7 in this process. Pax7 transcription factor plays a crucial role in the formation and differentiation of skeletal muscle precursor cells during embryonic development. It controls the expression of other myogenic regulators and also acts as an anti-apoptotic factor. It is also involved in the formation and maintenance of satellite cell population. Methods In vivo approach we used involved generation and analysis of pluripotent stem cell-derived teratomas. Such model allows to analyze early and also terminal stages of tissue differentiation, for example, terminal stages of myogenesis, including the formation of innervated and vascularized mature myofibers. Results We determined how the lack of Pax7 function affects the generation of different myofiber types. In Pax7−/− teratomas, the skeletal muscle tissue occupied significantly smaller area, as compared to Pax7+/+ ones. The proportion of myofibers expressing Myh3 and Myh2b did not differ between Pax7+/+ and Pax7−/− teratomas. However, the area of Myh7 and Myh2a myofibers was significantly lower in Pax7−/− ones. Molecular characteristic of skeletal muscles revealed that the levels of mRNAs coding Myh isoforms were significantly lower in Pax7−/− teratomas. The level of mRNAs encoding Pax3 was significantly higher, while the expression of Nfix, Eno3, Mck, Mef2a, and Itga7 was significantly lower in Pax7−/− teratomas, as compared to Pax7+/+ ones. We proved that the number of satellite cells in Pax7−/− teratomas was significantly reduced. Finally, analysis of neuromuscular junction localization in samples prepared with the iDISCO method confirmed that the organization of neuromuscular junctions in Pax7−/− teratomas was impaired. Conclusions Pax7−/− ESCs differentiate in vivo to embryonic myoblasts more readily than Pax7+/+ cells. In the absence of functional Pax7, initiation of myogenic differentiation is facilitated, and as a result, the expression of mesoderm embryonic myoblast markers is upregulated. However, in the absence of functional Pax7 neuromuscular junctions, formation is abnormal, what results in lower differentiation potential of Pax7−/− ESCs during advanced stages of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Florkowska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Igor Meszka
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zawada
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diana Legutko
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Proszynski
- Laboratory of Synaptogenesis, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Present Address: Lukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Janczyk-Ilach
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wladyslawa Streminska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria A Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Ehmsen JT, Höke A. Cellular and molecular features of neurogenic skeletal muscle atrophy. Exp Neurol 2020; 331:113379. [PMID: 32533969 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenic atrophy refers to the loss of muscle mass and function that results directly from injury or disease of the peripheral nervous system. Individuals with neurogenic atrophy may experience reduced functional status and quality of life and, in some circumstances, reduced survival. Distinct pathological findings on muscle histology can aid in diagnosis of a neurogenic cause for muscle dysfunction, and provide indicators for the chronicity of denervation. Denervation induces pleiotypic responses in skeletal muscle, and the molecular mechanisms underlying neurogenic muscle atrophy appear to share common features with other causes of muscle atrophy, including activation of FOXO transcription factors and corresponding induction of ubiquitin-proteasomal and lysosomal degradation. In this review, we provide an overview of histologic features of neurogenic atrophy and a summary of current understanding of underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Ehmsen
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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65
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Key Components of Human Myofibre Denervation and Neuromuscular Junction Stability are Modulated by Age and Exercise. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040893. [PMID: 32268508 PMCID: PMC7226801 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in muscle mass and function with age is partly caused by a loss of muscle fibres through denervation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of exercise to influence molecular targets involved in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) stability in healthy elderly individuals. Participants from two studies (one group of 12 young and 12 elderly females and another group of 25 elderly males) performed a unilateral bout of resistance exercise. Muscle biopsies were collected at 4.5 h and up to 7 days post exercise for tissue analysis and cell culture. Molecular targets related to denervation and NMJ stability were analysed by immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition to a greater presence of denervated fibres, the muscle samples and cultured myotubes from the elderly individuals displayed altered gene expression levels of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subunits. A single bout of exercise induced general changes in AChR subunit gene expression within the biopsy sampling timeframe, suggesting a sustained plasticity of the NMJ in elderly individuals. These data support the role of exercise in maintaining NMJ stability, even in elderly inactive individuals. Furthermore, the cell culture findings suggest that the transcriptional capacity of satellite cells for AChR subunit genes is negatively affected by ageing.
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66
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Lavergne G, Zmojdzian M, Da Ponte JP, Junion G, Jagla K. Drosophila adult muscle precursor cells contribute to motor axon pathfinding and proper innervation of embryonic muscles. Development 2020; 147:dev.183004. [PMID: 32001438 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despites several decades of studies on the neuromuscular system, the relationship between muscle stem cells and motor neurons remains elusive. Using the Drosophila model, we provide evidence that adult muscle precursors (AMPs), the Drosophila muscle stem cells, interact with the motor axons during embryogenesis. AMPs not only hold the capacity to attract the navigating intersegmental (ISN) and segmental a (SNa) nerve branches, but are also mandatory to the innervation of muscles in the lateral field. This so-far-ignored AMP role involves their filopodia-based interactions with nerve growth cones. In parallel, we report the previously undetected expression of the guidance molecule-encoding genes sidestep and side IV in AMPs. Altogether, our data support the view that Drosophila muscle stem cells represent spatial landmarks for navigating motor neurons and reveal that their positioning is crucial for the muscles innervation in the lateral region. Furthermore, AMPs and motor axons are interdependent, as the genetic ablation of SNa leads to a specific loss of SNa-associated lateral AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lavergne
- Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute (GReD), University of Clermont Auvergne, UMR - INSERM 1103, CNRS 6293, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Monika Zmojdzian
- Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute (GReD), University of Clermont Auvergne, UMR - INSERM 1103, CNRS 6293, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean Philippe Da Ponte
- Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute (GReD), University of Clermont Auvergne, UMR - INSERM 1103, CNRS 6293, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Junion
- Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute (GReD), University of Clermont Auvergne, UMR - INSERM 1103, CNRS 6293, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute (GReD), University of Clermont Auvergne, UMR - INSERM 1103, CNRS 6293, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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67
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Yousuf Y, Datu A, Barnes B, Amini-Nik S, Jeschke MG. Metformin alleviates muscle wasting post-thermal injury by increasing Pax7-positive muscle progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:18. [PMID: 31915055 PMCID: PMC6950874 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profound skeletal muscle wasting and weakness is common after severe burn and persists for years after injury contributing to morbidity and mortality of burn patients. Currently, no ideal treatment exists to inhibit muscle catabolism. Metformin is an anti-diabetic agent that manages hyperglycemia but has also been shown to have a beneficial effect on stem cells after injury. We hypothesize that metformin administration will increase protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle by increasing the proliferation of muscle progenitor cells, thus mitigating muscle atrophy post-burn injury. METHODS To determine whether metformin can attenuate muscle catabolism following burn injury, we utilized a 30% total burn surface area (TBSA) full-thickness scald burn in mice and compared burn injuries with and without metformin treatment. We examined the gastrocnemius muscle at 7 and 14 days post-burn injury. RESULTS At 7 days, burn injury significantly reduced myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to sham, p < 0.05. Metformin treatment significantly attenuated muscle catabolism and preserved muscle CSA at the sham size. To investigate metformin's effect on satellite cells (muscle progenitors), we examined changes in Pax7, a transcription factor regulating the proliferation of muscle progenitors. Burned animals treated with metformin had a significant increase in Pax7 protein level and the number of Pax7-positive cells at 7 days post-burn, p < 0.05. Moreover, through BrdU proliferation assay, we show that metformin treatment increased the proliferation of satellite cells at 7 days post-burn injury, p < 0.05. CONCLUSION In summary, metformin's various metabolic effects and its modulation of stem cells make it an attractive alternative to mitigate burn-induced muscle wasting while also managing hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusef Yousuf
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Andrea Datu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ben Barnes
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Laboratory in Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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68
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Hsu CG, Talukder MAH, Yue L, Turpin LC, Noble M, Elfar JC. Human equivalent dose of oral 4-aminopyridine differentiates nerve crush injury from transection injury and improves post-injury function in mice. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2098-2107. [PMID: 32394968 PMCID: PMC7716044 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), an FDA-approved drug for the symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis, is used to improve neuromuscular function in patients with diverse demyelinating disorders. We recently demonstrated that local, transdermal or injectable forms of 4-AP improve myelination, nerve conduction velocity, muscle atrophy, and motor function after traumatic peripheral nerve injury in mice. While oral 4-AP is most commonly used in the clinic, it is unknown whether human equivalent oral doses of 4-AP have effects on traumatic peripheral nerve injury differentiation, myelination, muscle atrophy, functional recovery, and post-injury inflammatory processes in animals. Mice with sciatic nerve crush or denervation injury received oral or intraperitoneal 4-AP (10 μg) or vehicle alone and were examined for pharmacokinetics, motor function, muscle mass, intrinsic muscle force, nerve morphological and gene expression profiles. 4-AP showed linear pharmacokinetics and the maximum plasma 4-AP concentrations were proportional to 4-AP dose. Acute single dose of oral 4-AP administration induced a rapid transient improvement in motor function that was different in traumatic peripheral nerve injury with or without nerve continuity, chronic daily oral 4-AP treatment significantly enhanced post crush injury motor function recovery and this effect was associated with improved myelination, muscle mass, and ex vivo muscle force. Polymerase chain reaction array analysis with crushed nerve revealed significant alterations in gene involved in axonal inflammation and regeneration. These findings provide convincing evidence that regardless of the route of administration, 4-AP can acutely differentiate traumatic peripheral nerve injury with or without nerve continuity and can enhance in vivo functional recovery with better preservation of myelin sheaths, muscle mass, and muscle force. The animal experiments were approved by the University Committee on Animal Research (UCAR) at the University of Rochester (UCAR-2009-019) on March 31, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia George Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M A Hassan Talukder
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Li Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Loel C Turpin
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mark Noble
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John C Elfar
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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69
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Rimer M. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 regulate neuromuscular junction and myofiber phenotypes in mammalian skeletal muscle. Neurosci Lett 2019; 715:134671. [PMID: 31805372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction is the synapse between a motor neuron of the spinal cord and a skeletal muscle fiber in the periphery. Reciprocal interactions between these excitable cells, and between them and others cell types present within the muscle tissue, shape the development, homeostasis and plasticity of skeletal muscle. An important aim in the field is to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these cellular interactions, which include identifying the nature of the signals and receptors involved but also of the downstream intracellular signaling cascades elicited by them. This review focuses on work that shows that skeletal muscle fiber-derived extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), ubiquitous and prototypical intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinases, have modulatory roles in the maintenance of the neuromuscular synapse and in the acquisition and preservation of fiber type identity in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendell Rimer
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center and Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Bryan, TX 77807 USA.
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70
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Jin J, Bakker AD, Wu G, Klein-Nulend J, Jaspers RT. Physicochemical Niche Conditions and Mechanosensing by Osteocytes and Myocytes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:235-249. [PMID: 31428977 PMCID: PMC6817749 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone and muscle mass increase in response to mechanical loading and biochemical cues. Bone-forming osteoblasts differentiate into early osteocytes which ultimately mature into late osteocytes encapsulated in stiff calcified matrix. Increased muscle mass originates from muscle stem cells (MuSCs) enclosed between their plasma membrane and basal lamina. Stem cell fate and function are strongly determined by physical and chemical properties of their microenvironment, i.e., the cell niche. RECENT FINDINGS The cellular niche is a three-dimensional structure consisting of extracellular matrix components, signaling molecules, and/or other cells. Via mechanical interaction with their niche, osteocytes and MuSCs are subjected to mechanical loads causing deformations of membrane, cytoskeleton, and/or nucleus, which elicit biochemical responses and secretion of signaling molecules into the niche. The latter may modulate metabolism, morphology, and mechanosensitivity of the secreting cells, or signal to neighboring cells and cells at a distance. Little is known about how mechanical loading of bone and muscle tissue affects osteocytes and MuSCs within their niches. This review provides an overview of physicochemical niche conditions of (early) osteocytes and MuSCs and how these are sensed and determine cell fate and function. Moreover, we discuss how state-of-the-art imaging techniques may enhance our understanding of these conditions and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Jin
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid D Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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71
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Neuromuscular Junction as an Entity of Nerve-Muscle Communication. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080906. [PMID: 31426366 PMCID: PMC6721719 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the crucial systems severely affected in several neuromuscular diseases is the loss of effective connection between muscle and nerve, leading to a pathological non-communication between the two tissues. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) represents the critical region at the level of which muscle and nerve communicate. Defects in signal transmission between terminal nerve endings and muscle membrane is a common feature of several physio-pathologic conditions including aging and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Nevertheless, controversy exists on whether pathological events beginning at the NMJ precede or follow loss of motor units. In this review, the role of NMJ in the physio-pathologic interplay between muscle and nerve is discussed.
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72
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Mohiuddin M, Lee NH, Moon JY, Han WM, Anderson SE, Choi JJ, Shin E, Nakhai SA, Tran T, Aliya B, Kim DY, Gerold A, Hansen LM, Taylor WR, Jang YC. Critical Limb Ischemia Induces Remodeling of Skeletal Muscle Motor Unit, Myonuclear-, and Mitochondrial-Domains. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9551. [PMID: 31266969 PMCID: PMC6606576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia, the most severe form of peripheral artery disease, leads to extensive damage and alterations to skeletal muscle homeostasis. Although recent research has investigated the tissue-specific responses to ischemia, the role of the muscle stem cell in the regeneration of its niche components within skeletal muscle has been limited. To elucidate the regenerative mechanism of the muscle stem cell in response to ischemic insults, we explored cellular interactions between the vasculature, neural network, and muscle fiber within the muscle stem cell niche. Using a surgical murine hindlimb ischemia model, we first discovered a significant increase in subsynaptic nuclei and remodeling of the neuromuscular junction following ischemia-induced denervation. In addition, ischemic injury causes significant alterations to the myofiber through a muscle stem cell-mediated accumulation of total myonuclei and a concomitant decrease in myonuclear domain size, possibly to enhance the transcriptional and translation output and restore muscle mass. Results also revealed an accumulation of total mitochondrial content per myonucleus in ischemic myofibers to compensate for impaired mitochondrial function and high turnover rate. Taken together, the findings from this study suggest that the muscle stem cell plays a role in motor neuron reinnervation, myonuclear accretion, and mitochondrial biogenesis for skeletal muscle regeneration following ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Mohiuddin
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Nan Hee Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - June Young Moon
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Woojin M Han
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shannon E Anderson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jeongmoon J Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Eunjung Shin
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shadi A Nakhai
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Thu Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Berna Aliya
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Do Young Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Aimee Gerold
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Laura M Hansen
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Young C Jang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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Yue L, Talukder MAH, Gurjar A, Lee JI, Noble M, Dirksen RT, Chakkalakal J, Elfar JC. 4-Aminopyridine attenuates muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve crush injury in mice. Muscle Nerve 2019; 60:192-201. [PMID: 31093982 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We recently demonstrated the beneficial effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel blocker, in enhancing remyelination and recovery of nerve conduction velocity and motor function after sciatic nerve crush injury in mice. Although muscle atrophy occurs very rapidly after nerve injury, the effect of 4-AP on muscle atrophy and intrinsic muscle contractile function is largely unknown. METHODS Mice were assigned to sciatic nerve crush injury and no-injury groups and were followed for 3, 7, and 14 days with/without 4-AP or saline treatment. Morphological, functional, and transcriptional properties of skeletal muscle were assessed. RESULTS In addition to improving in vivo function, 4-AP significantly reduced muscle atrophy with increased muscle fiber diameter and contractile force. Reduced muscle atrophy was associated with attenuated expression of atrophy-related genes and increased expression of proliferating stem cells. DISCUSSION These findings provide new insights into the potential therapeutic benefits of 4-AP against nerve injury-induced muscle atrophy and dysfunction. Muscle Nerve 60: 192-201, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yue
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - M A Hassan Talukder
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedics and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Mail Code H089, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA
| | - Anagha Gurjar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedics and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Mail Code H089, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA
| | - Jung Il Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, South Korea
| | - Mark Noble
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, The University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Joe Chakkalakal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York, USA
| | - John C Elfar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedics and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Mail Code H089, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA
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Piga D, Salani S, Magri F, Brusa R, Mauri E, Comi GP, Bresolin N, Corti S. Human induced pluripotent stem cell models for the study and treatment of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286419833478. [PMID: 31105767 PMCID: PMC6501480 DOI: 10.1177/1756286419833478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies are the most common muscle diseases and are both currently incurable. They are caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, which lead to the absence or reduction/truncation of the encoded protein, with progressive muscle degeneration that clinically manifests in muscle weakness, cardiac and respiratory involvement and early death. The limits of animal models to exactly reproduce human muscle disease and to predict clinically relevant treatment effects has prompted the development of more accurate in vitro skeletal muscle models. However, the challenge of effectively obtaining mature skeletal muscle cells or satellite stem cells as primary cultures has hampered the development of in vitro models. Here, we discuss the recently developed technologies that enable the differentiation of skeletal muscle from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of Duchenne and Becker patients. These systems recapitulate key disease features including inflammation and scarce regenerative myogenic capacity that are partially rescued by genetic and pharmacological therapies and can provide a useful platform to study and realize future therapeutic treatments. Implementation of this model also takes advantage of the developing genome editing field, which is a promising approach not only for correcting dystrophin, but also for modulating the underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle development, regeneration and disease. These data prove the possibility of creating an accurate Duchenne and Becker in vitro model starting from iPSCs, to be used for pathogenetic studies and for drug screening to identify strategies capable of stopping or reversing muscular dystrophinopathies and other muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Piga
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Salani
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Magri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Brusa
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mauri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P. Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Allogenic tissue-specific decellularized scaffolds promote long-term muscle innervation and functional recovery in a surgical diaphragmatic hernia model. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:115-125. [PMID: 30851456 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a neonatal defect in which the diaphragm muscle does not develop properly, thereby raising abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity and impeding lung development and function. Large diaphragmatic defects require correction with prosthetic patches to close the malformation. This treatment leads to a consequent generation of unwelcomed mechanical stress in the repaired diaphragm and hernia recurrences, thereby resulting in high morbidity and significant mortality rates. We proposed a specific diaphragm-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) as a scaffold for the treatment of CDH. To address this strategy, we developed a new surgical CDH mouse model to test the ability of our tissue-specific patch to regenerate damaged diaphragms. Implantation of decellularized diaphragmatic ECM-derived patches demonstrated absence of rejection or hernia recurrence, in contrast to the performance of a commercially available synthetic material. Diaphragm-derived ECM was able to promote the generation of new blood vessels, boost long-term muscle regeneration, and recover host diaphragmatic function. In addition, using a GFP + Schwann cell mouse model, we identified re-innervation of implanted patches. These results demonstrated for the first time that implantation of a tissue-specific biologic scaffold is able to promote a regenerating diaphragm muscle and overcome issues commonly related to the standard use of prosthetic materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Large diaphragmatic hernia in paediatric patients require application of artificial patches to close the congenital defect. The use of a muscle-specific decellularized scaffold in substitution of currently used synthetic materials allows new blood vessel growth and nerve regeneration inside the patch, supporting new muscle tissue formation. Furthermore, the presence of a tissue-specific scaffold guaranteed long-term muscle regeneration, improving diaphragm performance to almost complete functional recovery. We believe that diaphragm-derived scaffold will be key player in future pre-clinical studies on large animal models.
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Anderson SE, Han WM, Srinivasa V, Mohiuddin M, Ruehle MA, Moon JY, Shin E, San Emeterio CL, Ogle ME, Botchwey EA, Willett NJ, Jang YC. Determination of a Critical Size Threshold for Volumetric Muscle Loss in the Mouse Quadriceps. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:59-70. [PMID: 30648479 PMCID: PMC6389771 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The goal of this study was to determine the threshold for a critically sized, nonhealing muscle defect by characterizing key components in the balance between fibrosis and regeneration as a function of injury size in the mouse quadriceps. There is currently limited understanding of what leads to a critically sized muscle defect and which muscle regenerative components are functionally impaired. With the substantial increase in preclinical VML models as testbeds for tissue engineering therapeutics, defining the critical threshold for VML injuries will be instrumental in characterizing therapeutic efficacy and potential for subsequent translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E. Anderson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory Unversity, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Woojin M. Han
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vunya Srinivasa
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mahir Mohiuddin
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory Unversity, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marissa A. Ruehle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory Unversity, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - June Young Moon
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eunjung Shin
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cheryl L. San Emeterio
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory Unversity, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Molly E. Ogle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory Unversity, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Edward A. Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory Unversity, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nick J. Willett
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory Unversity, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Atlanta Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Young C. Jang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory Unversity, Atlanta, Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Bachman JF, Klose A, Liu W, Paris ND, Blanc RS, Schmalz M, Knapp E, Chakkalakal JV. Prepubertal skeletal muscle growth requires Pax7-expressing satellite cell-derived myonuclear contribution. Development 2018; 145:dev.167197. [PMID: 30305290 PMCID: PMC6215399 DOI: 10.1242/dev.167197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The functional role of Pax7-expressing satellite cells (SCs) in postnatal skeletal muscle development beyond weaning remains obscure. Therefore, the relevance of SCs during prepubertal growth, a period after weaning but prior to the onset of puberty, has not been examined. Here, we have characterized mouse skeletal muscle growth during prepuberty and found significant increases in myofiber cross-sectional area that correlated with SC-derived myonuclear number. Remarkably, genome-wide RNA-sequencing analysis established that post-weaning juvenile and early adolescent skeletal muscle have markedly different gene expression signatures. These distinctions are consistent with extensive skeletal muscle maturation during this essential, albeit brief, developmental phase. Indelible labeling of SCs with Pax7CreERT2/+; Rosa26nTnG/+ mice demonstrated SC-derived myonuclear contribution during prepuberty, with a substantial reduction at puberty onset. Prepubertal depletion of SCs in Pax7CreERT2/+; Rosa26DTA/+ mice reduced myofiber size and myonuclear number, and caused force generation deficits to a similar extent in both fast and slow-contracting muscles. Collectively, these data demonstrate SC-derived myonuclear accretion as a cellular mechanism that contributes to prepubertal hypertrophic skeletal muscle growth. Summary: Examination of gene expression and morphological changes in mouse skeletal muscle during prepuberty demonstrates that satellite cell-derived myonuclear accretion contributes to prepubertal hypertrophic skeletal muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Bachman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave Box 711, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Alanna Klose
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave Box 711, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave Box 711, Rochester, NY 14642, USA .,Department of Biomedical Genetics, Genetics, Development, and Stem Cells Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave Box 633, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Nicole D Paris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave Box 711, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Roméo S Blanc
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave Box 711, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Melissa Schmalz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave Box 711, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Emma Knapp
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave Box 711, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, The Rochester Aging Research Center, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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78
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Takeshita H, Yamamoto K, Nozato S, Takeda M, Fukada SI, Inagaki T, Tsuchimochi H, Shirai M, Nozato Y, Fujimoto T, Imaizumi Y, Yokoyama S, Nagasawa M, Hamano G, Hongyo K, Kawai T, Hanasaki-Yamamoto H, Takeda S, Takahashi T, Akasaka H, Itoh N, Takami Y, Takeya Y, Sugimoto K, Nakagami H, Rakugi H. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 deficiency accelerates and angiotensin 1-7 restores age-related muscle weakness in mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:975-986. [PMID: 30207087 PMCID: PMC6204583 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pharmacologic strategy for age-related muscle weakness is desired to improve mortality and disability in the elderly. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cleaves angiotensin II into angiotensin 1-7, a peptide known to protect against acute and chronic skeletal muscle injury in rodents. Since physiological aging induces muscle weakness via mechanisms distinct from other muscle disorders, the role of ACE2-angiotensin 1-7 in age-related muscle weakness remains undetermined. Here, we investigated whether deletion of ACE2 alters the development of muscle weakness by aging and whether angiotensin 1-7 reverses muscle weakness in older mice. METHODS After periodic measurement of grip strength and running distance in male ACE2KO and wild-type mice until 24 months of age, we infused angiotensin 1-7 or vehicle for 4 weeks, and measured grip strength, and excised tissues. Tissues were also excised from younger (3-month-old) and middle-aged (15-month-old) mice. Microarray analysis of RNA was performed using tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from middle-aged mice, and some genes were further tested using RT-PCR. RESULTS Grip strength of ACE2KO mice was reduced at 6 months and was persistently lower than that of wild-type mice (p < 0.01 at 6, 12, 18, and 24-month-old). Running distance of ACE2KO mice was shorter than that of wild-type mice only at 24 months of age [371 ± 26 vs. 479 ± 24 (m), p < 0.01]. Angiotensin 1-7 improved grip strength in both types of older mice, with larger effects observed in ACE2KO mice (% increase, 3.8 ± 1.5 and 13.3 ± 3.1 in wild type and ACE2KO mice, respectively). Older, but not middle-aged ACE2KO mice had higher oxygen consumption assessed by a metabolic cage than age-matched wild-type mice. Angiotensin 1-7 infusion modestly increased oxygen consumption in older mice. There was no difference in a wheel-running activity or glucose tolerance between ACE2KO and wild-type mice and between mice with vehicle and angiotensin 1-7 infusion. Analysis of TA muscles revealed that p16INK4a, a senescence-associated gene, and central nuclei of myofibers increased in middle-aged, but not younger ACE2KO mice. p16INK4a and central nuclei increased in TA muscles of older wild-type mice, but the differences between ACE2KO and wild-type mice remained significant (p < 0.01). Angiotensin 1-7 did not alter the expression of p16INK4a or central nuclei in TA muscles of both types of mice. Muscle ACE2 expression of wild-type mice was the lowest at middle age (2.6 times lower than younger age, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Deletion of ACE2 induced the early manifestation of muscle weakness with signatures of muscle senescence. Angiotensin 1-7 improved muscle function in older mice, supporting future application of the peptide or its analogues in the treatment of muscle weakness in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Takeshita
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoko Nozato
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Takeda
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - So-Ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadakatsu Inagaki
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nozato
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Imaizumi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Serina Yokoyama
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motonori Nagasawa
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Go Hamano
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hongyo
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hanasaki-Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuko Takeda
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihisa Itoh
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takami
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takeya
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Disturbed Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Muscle-Wasting Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:307-326. [PMID: 30390258 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is essential for proper structure and function of skeletal muscle. It not only activates contraction and force development but also participates in multiple signaling pathways. Low levels of Ca2+ restrain muscle regeneration by limiting the fusion of satellite cells. Ironically, sustained elevations of Ca2+ also result in muscle degeneration as this ion promotes high rates of protein breakdown. Moreover, transforming growth factors (TGFs) which are well known for controlling muscle growth also regulate Ca2+ channels. Thus, therapies focused on changing levels of Ca2+ and TGFs are promising for treating muscle-wasting disorders. Three principal systems govern the homeostasis of Ca2+, namely, excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, excitation-coupled Ca2+ entry (ECCE), and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Accordingly, alterations in these systems can lead to weakness and atrophy in many hereditary diseases, such as Brody disease, central core disease (CCD), tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM), myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1), oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Here, the interrelationship between all these molecules and processes is reviewed.
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80
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Murach KA, Fry CS, Kirby TJ, Jackson JR, Lee JD, White SH, Dupont-Versteegden EE, McCarthy JJ, Peterson CA. Starring or Supporting Role? Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Fiber Size Regulation. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 33:26-38. [PMID: 29212890 PMCID: PMC5866409 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent loss-of-function studies show that satellite cell depletion does not promote sarcopenia or unloading-induced atrophy, and does not prevent regrowth. Although overload-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy is normally associated with satellite cell-mediated myonuclear accretion, hypertrophic adaptation proceeds in the absence of satellite cells in fully grown adult mice, but not in young growing mice. Emerging evidence also indicates that satellite cells play an important role in remodeling the extracellular matrix during hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Murach
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Tyler J Kirby
- The Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Janna R Jackson
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jonah D Lee
- Environment, Health, and Safety, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sarah H White
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - John J McCarthy
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky;
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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81
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Klose A, Liu W, Paris ND, Forman S, Krolewski JJ, Nastiuk KL, Chakkalakal JV. Castration induces satellite cell activation that contributes to skeletal muscle maintenance. JCSM RAPID COMMUNICATIONS 2018; 1:e00040. [PMID: 29782610 PMCID: PMC5959044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle, is a side effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer patients. Resident stem cells of skeletal muscle, satellite cells (SCs), are an essential source of progenitors for the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Decreased androgen signaling and deficits in the number and function of SCs are features of aging. Although androgen signaling is known to regulate skeletal muscle, the cellular basis for ADT-induced exacerbation of sarcopenia is unknown. Furthermore, the consequences of androgen deprivation on SC fate in adult skeletal muscle remain largely unexplored. METHODS We examined SC fate in an androgen-deprived environment using immunofluorescence and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with SC-specific markers in young castrated mice. To study the effects of androgen deprivation on SC function and skeletal muscle regenerative capacity, young castrated mice were subjected to experimental regenerative paradigms. SC-derived-cell contributions to skeletal muscle maintenance were examined in castrated Pax7CreER/+; ROSA26mTmG/+ mice. SCs were depleted in Pax7CreER/+; ROSA26DTA/+ mice to ascertain the consequences of SC ablation in sham and castrated skeletal muscles. Confocal immunofluorescence analysis of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and assessment of skeletal muscle physiology, contractile properties, and integrity were conducted. RESULTS Castration led to SC activation, however this did not result in a decline in SC function or skeletal muscle regenerative capacity. Surprisingly, castration induced SC-dependent maintenance of young skeletal muscle. The functional dependence of skeletal muscles on SCs in young castrated mice was demonstrated by an increase in SC-derived-cell fusion within skeletal muscle fibers. SC depletion was associated with further atrophy and functional decline, as well as the induction of partial innervation and the loss of NMJ-associated myonuclei in skeletal muscles from castrated mice. CONCLUSION The maintenance of skeletal muscles in young castrated mice relies on the cellular contributions of SCs. Considering the well-described age-related decline in SCs, the results in this study highlight the need to devise strategies that promote SC maintenance and activity to attenuate or reverse the progression of sarcopenia in elderly androgen-deprived individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Klose
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Nicole D. Paris
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Sophie Forman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - John J. Krolewski
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, and Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Kent L. Nastiuk
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, and Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Joe V. Chakkalakal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
- The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
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82
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Liu W, Chakkalakal JV. The Composition, Development, and Regeneration of Neuromuscular Junctions. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 126:99-124. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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83
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Paniello RC, Brookes S, Bhatt NK, Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K, Zhang H, Halum S. Improved adductor function after canine recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and repair using muscle progenitor cells. Laryngoscope 2017; 128:E241-E246. [PMID: 29219186 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) can be isolated from muscle samples and grown to a critical mass in culture. They have been shown to survive and integrate when implanted into rat laryngeal muscles. In this study, the ability of MPC implants to enhance adductor function of reinnervated thyroarytenoid muscles was tested in a canine model. STUDY DESIGN Animal study. METHODS Sternocleidomastoid muscle samples were harvested from three canines. Muscle progenitor cells were isolated and cultured to 107 cells over 4 to 5 weeks, then implanted into right thyroarytenoid muscles after ipsilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve transection and repair. The left sides underwent the same nerve injury, but no cells were implanted. Laryngeal adductor force was measured pretreatment and again 6 months later, and the muscles were harvested for histology. RESULTS Muscle progenitor cells were successfully cultured from all dogs. Laryngeal adductor force measurements averaged 60% of their baseline pretreatment values in nonimplanted controls, 98% after implantation with MPCs, and 128% after implantation with motor endplate-enhanced MPCs. Histology confirmed that the implanted MPCs survived, became integrated into thyroarytenoid muscle fibers, and were in close contact with nerve endings, suggesting functional innervation. CONCLUSION Muscle progenitor cells were shown to significantly enhance adductor function in this pilot canine study. Patient-specific MPC implantation could potentially be used to improve laryngeal function in patients with vocal fold paresis/paralysis, atrophy, and other conditions. Further experiments are planned. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal C Paniello
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Sarah Brookes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A
| | - Neel K Bhatt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | | | - Hongji Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A
| | - Stacey Halum
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A
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84
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Yu A, Dang W. Regulation of stem cell aging by SIRT1 - Linking metabolic signaling to epigenetic modifications. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:75-82. [PMID: 28392411 PMCID: PMC7951659 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, profound changes in the population and functions of adult stem cells occur with age and these changes are thought to underlie functional decline and pathophysiology at the tissue and organismal levels associated with aging. SIRT1, a member of the conserved sirtuin family, functions as an anti-aging regulator for adult stem cells. Mediated through its regulatory roles in AMPK and mTORC1 pathways as well as gene expression, SIRT1 modulate the activities of genes maintaining stem cell functions and delays cellular senescence. Further investigation of the cross-talk between SIRT1 and other longevity target genes under different physiological conditions of stem cells may help us better design intervention strategies to antagonize stem cells aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiwei Dang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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85
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McKenna CF, Fry CS. Altered satellite cell dynamics accompany skeletal muscle atrophy during chronic illness, disuse, and aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017; 20:447-452. [PMID: 28795971 PMCID: PMC5810415 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review explores recent research investigating the contribution of satellite cells (skeletal muscle stem cells) during muscle fiber atrophy as seen in periods of disuse, illness, and aging. RECENT FINDINGS Studies indicate reduced satellite cell activity and density in a variety of acute and chronic conditions characterized by robust muscle wasting. The direct contribution of satellite cells to unloading/denervation and chronic illness-induced atrophy remains controversial. Inflammation that accompanies acute trauma and illness likely impedes proper satellite cell differentiation and myogenesis, promoting the rapid onset of muscle wasting in these conditions. Transgenic mouse studies provide surprising evidence that age-related declines in satellite cell function and abundance are not causally related to the onset of sarcopenia in sedentary animals. SUMMARY Recent clinical and preclinical studies indicate reduced abundance and dysregulated satellite cell activity that accompany muscle atrophy during periods of disuse, illness, and aging, providing evidence for their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen F. McKenna
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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86
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Cappello V, Francolini M. Neuromuscular Junction Dismantling in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102092. [PMID: 28972545 PMCID: PMC5666774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction assembly and plasticity during embryonic, postnatal, and adult life are tightly regulated by the continuous cross-talk among motor nerve endings, muscle fibers, and glial cells. Altered communications among these components is thought to be responsible for the physiological age-related changes at this synapse and possibly for its destruction in pathological states. Neuromuscular junction dismantling plays a crucial role in the onset of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ALS is characterized by the degeneration and death of motor neurons leading to skeletal muscle denervation, atrophy and, most often, death of the patient within five years from diagnosis. ALS is a non-cell autonomous disease as, besides motor neuron degeneration, glial cells, and possibly muscle fibers, play a role in its onset and progression. Here, we will review the recent literature regarding the mechanisms leading to neuromuscular junction disassembly and muscle denervation focusing on the role of the three players of this peripheral tripartite synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cappello
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maura Francolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano-Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
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87
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to summarize the unique regenerative milieu within mature mammalian extraocular muscles (EOMs). This will aid in understanding disease propensity for and sparing of EOMs in skeletal muscle diseases as well as the recalcitrance of the EOM to injury. RECENT FINDINGS The EOMs continually remodel throughout life and contain an extremely enriched number of myogenic precursor cells that differ in number and functional characteristics from those in limb skeletal muscle. The EOMs also contain a large population of Pitx2-positive myogenic precursor cells that provide the EOMs with many of their unusual biological characteristics, such as myofiber remodeling and skeletal muscle disease sparing. This environment provides for rapid and efficient remodeling and regeneration after various types of injury. In addition, the EOMs show a remarkable ability to respond to perturbations of single muscles with coordinated changes in the other EOMs that move in the same plane. SUMMARY These data will inform Ophthalmologists as they work toward developing new treatments for eye movement disorders, new approaches for repair after nerve or direct EOMs injury, as well as suggest potential explanations for the unusual disease propensity and disease sparing characteristics of human EOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Verma
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Krysta Fitzpatrick
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Linda K McLoon
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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88
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Murach KA, Confides AL, Ho A, Jackson JR, Ghazala LS, Peterson CA, Dupont-Versteegden EE. Depletion of Pax7+ satellite cells does not affect diaphragm adaptations to running in young or aged mice. J Physiol 2017; 595:6299-6311. [PMID: 28736900 DOI: 10.1113/jp274611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Satellite cell depletion does not affect diaphragm adaptations to voluntary wheel running in young or aged mice. Satellite cell depletion early in life (4 months of age) has minimal effect on diaphragm phenotype by old age (24 months). Prolonged satellite cell depletion in the diaphragm does not result in excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, in contrast to what has been reported in hind limb muscles. Up-regulation of Pax3 mRNA+ cells after satellite cell depletion in young and aged mice suggests that Pax3+ cells may compensate for a loss of Pax7+ satellite cells in the diaphragm. Future investigations should focus on the role of Pax3+ cells in the diaphragm during adaptation to exercise and ageing. ABSTRACT Satellite cell contribution to unstressed diaphragm is higher compared to hind limb muscles, which is probably attributable to constant activation of this muscle to drive ventilation. Whether satellite cell depletion negatively impacts diaphragm quantitative and qualitative characteristics under stressed conditions in young and aged mice is unknown. We therefore challenged the diaphragm with prolonged running activity in the presence and absence of Pax7+ satellite cells in young and aged mice using an inducible Pax7CreER -R26RDTA model. Mice were vehicle (Veh, satellite cell-replete) or tamoxifen (Tam, satellite cell-depleted) treated at 4 months of age and were then allowed to run voluntarily at 6 months (young) and 22 months (aged). Age-matched, cage-dwelling, Veh- and Tam-treated mice without wheel access served as activity controls. Diaphragm muscles were analysed from young (8 months) and aged (24 months) mice. Satellite cell depletion did not alter diaphragm mean fibre cross-sectional area, fibre type distribution or extracellular matrix content in young or aged mice, regardless of running activity. Resting in vivo diaphragm function was also unaffected by satellite cell depletion. Myonuclear density was maintained in young satellite cell-depleted mice regardless of running, although it was modestly reduced in aged sedentary (-7%) and running (-19%) mice without satellite cells (P < 0.05). Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we detected higher Pax3 mRNA+ cell density in both young and aged satellite cell-depleted diaphragm muscle (P < 0.05), which may compensate for the loss of Pax7+ satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Murach
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, and the Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Amy L Confides
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, and the Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Angel Ho
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, and the Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Janna R Jackson
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, and the Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lina S Ghazala
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, and the Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, and the Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, and the Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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89
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Murach KA, White SH, Wen Y, Ho A, Dupont-Versteegden EE, McCarthy JJ, Peterson CA. Differential requirement for satellite cells during overload-induced muscle hypertrophy in growing versus mature mice. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:14. [PMID: 28693603 PMCID: PMC5504676 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-017-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pax7+ satellite cells are required for skeletal muscle fiber growth during post-natal development in mice. Satellite cell-mediated myonuclear accretion also appears to persist into early adulthood. Given the important role of satellite cells during muscle development, we hypothesized that the necessity of satellite cells for adaptation to an imposed hypertrophic stimulus depends on maturational age. Methods Pax7CreER-R26RDTA mice were treated for 5 days with vehicle (satellite cell-replete, SC+) or tamoxifen (satellite cell-depleted, SC-) at 2 months (young) and 4 months (mature) of age. Following a 2-week washout, mice were subjected to sham surgery or 10 day synergist ablation overload of the plantaris (n = 6–9 per group). The surgical approach minimized regeneration, de novo fiber formation, and fiber splitting while promoting muscle fiber growth. Satellite cell density (Pax7+ cells/fiber), embryonic myosin heavy chain expression (eMyHC), and muscle fiber cross sectional area (CSA) were evaluated via immunohistochemistry. Myonuclei (myonuclei/100 mm) were counted on isolated single muscle fibers. Results Tamoxifen treatment depleted satellite cells by ≥90% and prevented myonuclear accretion with overload in young and mature mice (p < 0.05). Satellite cells did not recover in SC- mice after overload. Average muscle fiber CSA increased ~20% in young SC+ (p = 0.07), mature SC+ (p < 0.05), and mature SC- mice (p < 0.05). In contrast, muscle fiber hypertrophy was prevented in young SC- mice. Muscle fiber number increased only in mature mice after overload (p < 0.05), and eMyHC expression was variable, specifically in mature SC+ mice. Conclusions Reliance on satellite cells for overload-induced hypertrophy is dependent on maturational age, and global responses to overload differ in young versus mature mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-017-0132-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Murach
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Sarah H White
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Yuan Wen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Angel Ho
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
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90
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Liu W, Klose A, Forman S, Paris ND, Wei-LaPierre L, Cortés-Lopéz M, Tan A, Flaherty M, Miura P, Dirksen RT, Chakkalakal JV. Loss of adult skeletal muscle stem cells drives age-related neuromuscular junction degeneration. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28583253 PMCID: PMC5462534 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction degeneration is a prominent aspect of sarcopenia, the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle integrity. Previously, we showed that muscle stem cells activate and contribute to mouse neuromuscular junction regeneration in response to denervation (Liu et al., 2015). Here, we examined gene expression profiles and neuromuscular junction integrity in aged mouse muscles, and unexpectedly found limited denervation despite a high level of degenerated neuromuscular junctions. Instead, degenerated neuromuscular junctions were associated with reduced contribution from muscle stem cells. Indeed, muscle stem cell depletion was sufficient to induce neuromuscular junction degeneration at a younger age. Conversely, prevention of muscle stem cell and derived myonuclei loss was associated with attenuation of age-related neuromuscular junction degeneration, muscle atrophy, and the promotion of aged muscle force generation. Our observations demonstrate that deficiencies in muscle stem cell fate and post-synaptic myogenesis provide a cellular basis for age-related neuromuscular junction degeneration and associated skeletal muscle decline. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26464.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Alanna Klose
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Sophie Forman
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Nicole D Paris
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | | | - Aidi Tan
- Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Morgan Flaherty
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Pedro Miura
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, United States
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
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91
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Ding Y, Li J, Liu Z, Liu H, Li H, Li Z. IGF-1 potentiates sensory innervation signalling by modulating the mitochondrial fission/fusion balance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43949. [PMID: 28276453 PMCID: PMC5343424 DOI: 10.1038/srep43949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoring the contractile function of long-term denervated skeletal muscle (SKM) cells is difficult due to the long period of denervation, which causes a loss of contractility. Although sensory innervation is considered a promising protective approach, its effect is still restricted. In this study, we introduced insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as an efficient protective agent and observed that IGF-1 potentiated the effects of sensory protection by preventing denervated muscle atrophy and improving the condition of denervated muscle cells in vivo and in vitro. IGF-1-induced Akt phosphorylation suppressed the mitochondrial outer-membrane protein Mul1 expression, which is a key step on preserving contractile property of sensory innervated SKM cells. Mul1 overexpression interfered with the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission and was a key node for blocking the effects of IGF-1 that preserved the contractility of sensory-innervated SKM cells. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), a mitochondrial downstream target, could block the effects of IGF-1. These data provide novel evidence that might be applied when searching for new approaches to improve the functional condition of long-term denervated SKM cells by increasing sensory protection using the IGF-1 signalling system to modulate the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ding
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Huaxiang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhenzhong Li
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
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92
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Bengal E, Perdiguero E, Serrano AL, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Rejuvenating stem cells to restore muscle regeneration in aging. F1000Res 2017; 6:76. [PMID: 28163911 PMCID: PMC5271918 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9846.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult muscle stem cells, originally called satellite cells, are essential for
muscle repair and regeneration throughout life. Besides a gradual loss of mass
and function, muscle aging is characterized by a decline in the repair capacity,
which blunts muscle recovery after injury in elderly individuals. A major effort
has been dedicated in recent years to deciphering the causes of satellite cell
dysfunction in aging animals, with the ultimate goal of rejuvenating old
satellite cells and improving muscle function in elderly people. This review
focuses on the recently identified network of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic
factors and processes contributing to the decline of satellite cells in old
animals. Some studies suggest that aging-related satellite-cell decay is mostly
caused by age-associated extrinsic environmental changes that could be reversed
by a “youthful environment”. Others propose a central role for
cell-intrinsic mechanisms, some of which are not reversed by environmental
changes. We believe that these proposals, far from being antagonistic, are
complementary and that both extrinsic and intrinsic factors contribute to muscle
stem cell dysfunction during aging-related regenerative decline. The low
regenerative potential of old satellite cells may reflect the accumulation of
deleterious changes during the life of the cell; some of these changes may be
inherent (intrinsic) while others result from the systemic and local environment
(extrinsic). The present challenge is to rejuvenate aged satellite cells that
have undergone reversible changes to provide a possible approach to improving
muscle repair in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Bengal
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Eusebio Perdiguero
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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93
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Paris ND, Soroka A, Klose A, Liu W, Chakkalakal JV. Smad4 restricts differentiation to promote expansion of satellite cell derived progenitors during skeletal muscle regeneration. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27855784 PMCID: PMC5138033 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regenerative potential declines with age, in part due to deficiencies in resident stem cells (satellite cells, SCs) and derived myogenic progenitors (MPs); however, the factors responsible for this decline remain obscure. TGFβ superfamily signaling is an inhibitor of myogenic differentiation, with elevated activity in aged skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, we find reduced expression of Smad4, the downstream cofactor for canonical TGFβ superfamily signaling, and the target Id1 in aged SCs and MPs during regeneration. Specific deletion of Smad4 in adult mouse SCs led to increased propensity for terminal myogenic commitment connected to impaired proliferative potential. Furthermore, SC-specific Smad4 disruption compromised adult skeletal muscle regeneration. Finally, loss of Smad4 in aged SCs did not promote aged skeletal muscle regeneration. Therefore, SC-specific reduction of Smad4 is a feature of aged regenerating skeletal muscle and Smad4 is a critical regulator of SC and MP amplification during skeletal muscle regeneration. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19484.001 Even in adulthood, injured muscles can repair themselves largely because they contain groups of stem cells known as satellite cells. These cells divide to produce progenitor cells that later develop, or differentiate, into new muscle fibers. However as muscles get older, this repair process becomes less effective, in part because the satellite cells do not respond as strongly to injury. It remains obscure precisely why the repair process declines with age. A protein called TGFβ is part of a signaling pathway that prevents the muscle progenitor cells from differentiating into muscle fibers, and TGFβ signaling is overactive in older muscles. Most TGFβ signaling operates via a protein called Smad4, and Paris et al. now show that older satellite cells and progenitor cells from the muscles of old mice produce less Smad4 when they are regenerating. Next, the gene for Smad4 was deleted specifically from the satellite cells of mice. By examining the fate of these cells, Paris et al. found that Smad4 normally maintained the population of satellite cells by preventing them from differentiating into muscle fibers too soon. This was the case when both adult and aged muscle was regenerating. All in all, Smad4 is clearly important for directing satellite cells to regenerate properly; aged cells have less Smad4 and are less able to regenerate. Future studies are now needed to determine how disrupting Smad4 in other resident cell types may influence the regeneration of muscles in mice. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19484.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Paris
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Andrew Soroka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Alanna Klose
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States.,The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
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94
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Crist C. Emerging new tools to study and treat muscle pathologies: genetics and molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and disease. J Pathol 2016; 241:264-272. [PMID: 27762447 DOI: 10.1002/path.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in our body, is responsible for generating the force required for movement, and is also an important thermogenic organ. Skeletal muscle is an enigmatic tissue because while on the one hand, skeletal muscle regeneration after injury is arguably one of the best-studied stem cell-dependent regenerative processes, on the other hand, skeletal muscle is still subject to many degenerative disorders with few therapeutic options in the clinic. It is important to develop new regenerative medicine-based therapies for skeletal muscle. Future therapeutic strategies should take advantage of rapidly developing technologies enabling the differentiation of skeletal muscle from human pluripotent stem cells, along with precise genome editing, which will go hand in hand with a steady and focused approach to understanding underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and disease. In this review, I focus on highlighting the recent advances that particularly have relied on developmental and molecular biology approaches to understanding muscle development and stem cell function. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Crist
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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95
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Tsitkanou S, Della Gatta PA, Russell AP. Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells, Mitochondria, and MicroRNAs: Their Involvement in the Pathogenesis of ALS. Front Physiol 2016; 7:403. [PMID: 27679581 PMCID: PMC5020084 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND), is a fatal motor neuron disorder. It results in progressive degeneration and death of upper and lower motor neurons, protein aggregation, severe muscle atrophy and respiratory insufficiency. Median survival with ALS is between 2 and 5 years from the onset of symptoms. ALS manifests as either familial ALS (FALS) (~10% of cases) or sporadic ALS (SALS), (~90% of cases). Mutations in the copper/zinc (CuZn) superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene account for ~20% of FALS cases and the mutant SOD1 mouse model has been used extensively to help understand the ALS pathology. As the precise mechanisms causing ALS are not well understood there is presently no cure. Recent evidence suggests that motor neuron degradation may involve a cell non-autonomous phenomenon involving numerous cell types within various tissues. Skeletal muscle is now considered as an important tissue involved in the pathogenesis of ALS by activating a retrograde signaling cascade that degrades motor neurons. Skeletal muscle heath and function are regulated by numerous factors including satellite cells, mitochondria and microRNAs. Studies demonstrate that in ALS these factors show various levels of dysregulation within the skeletal muscle. This review provides an overview of their dysregulation in various ALS models as well as how they may contribute individually and/or synergistically to the ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Tsitkanou
- Athletics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
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96
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Anderson JE, Do MKQ, Daneshvar N, Suzuki T, Dort J, Mizunoya W, Tatsumi R. The role of semaphorin3A in myogenic regeneration and the formation of functional neuromuscular junctions on new fibres. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1389-1405. [PMID: 27296513 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Current research on skeletal muscle injury and regeneration highlights the crucial role of nerve-muscle interaction in the restoration of innervation during that process. Activities of muscle satellite or stem cells, recognized as the 'currency' of myogenic repair, have a pivotal role in these events, as shown by ongoing research. More recent investigation of myogenic signalling events reveals intriguing roles for semaphorin3A (Sema3A), secreted by activated satellite cells, in the muscle environment during development and regeneration. For example, Sema3A makes important contributions to regulating the formation of blood vessels, balancing bone formation and bone remodelling, and inflammation, and was recently implicated in the establishment of fibre-type distribution through effects on myosin heavy chain gene expression. This review highlights the active or potential contributions of satellite-cell-derived Sema3A to regulation of the processes of motor neurite ingrowth into a regenerating muscle bed. Successful restoration of functional innervation during muscle repair is essential; this review emphasizes the integrative role of satellite-cell biology in the progressive coordination of adaptive cellular and tissue responses during the injury-repair process in voluntary muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy E Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mai-Khoi Q Do
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku Fukuoka, 8128581, Japan
| | - Nasibeh Daneshvar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku Fukuoka, 8128581, Japan
| | - Junio Dort
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Wataru Mizunoya
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku Fukuoka, 8128581, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku Fukuoka, 8128581, Japan
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97
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Han WM, Jang YC, García AJ. Engineered matrices for skeletal muscle satellite cell engraftment and function. Matrix Biol 2016; 60-61:96-109. [PMID: 27269735 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of traumatically injured skeletal muscles is severely limited. Moreover, the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle declines with aging, further exacerbating the problem. Recent evidence supports that delivery of muscle satellite cells to the injured muscles enhances muscle regeneration and reverses features of aging, including reduction in muscle mass and regenerative capacity. However, direct delivery of satellite cells presents a challenge at a translational level due to inflammation and donor cell death, motivating the need to develop engineered matrices for muscle satellite cell delivery. This review will highlight important aspects of satellite cell and their niche biology in the context of muscle regeneration, and examine recent progresses in the development of engineered cell delivery matrices designed for skeletal muscle regeneration. Understanding the interactions of muscle satellite cells and their niche in both native and engineered systems is crucial to developing muscle pathology-specific cell- and biomaterial-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin M Han
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Young C Jang
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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