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Gao X, Xu D, Baker JS, Ee-Chon T, Liang M, Gu Y. Exploring biomechanical variations in ankle joint injuries among Latin dancers with different stance patterns: utilizing OpenSim musculoskeletal models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1359337. [PMID: 38659647 PMCID: PMC11039862 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1359337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Dancers represent the primary demographic affected by ankle joint injuries. In certain movements, some Latin dancers prefer landing on the Forefoot (FT), while others prefer landing on the Entire foot (ET). Different stance patterns can have varying impacts on dancers' risk of ankle joint injuries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in lower limb biomechanics between Forefoot (FT) dancers and Entire foot (ET) dancers. Method: A group of 21 FT dancers (mean age 23.50 (S.D. 1.12) years) was compared to a group of 21 ET dancers (mean age 23.33 (S.D. 0.94) years), performing the kicking movements of the Jive in response to the corresponding music. We import data collected from Vicon and force plates into OpenSim to establish musculoskeletal models for computing kinematics, dynamics, muscle forces, and muscle co-activation. Result: In the sagittal plane: ankle angle (0%-100%, p < 0.001), In the coronal plane: ankle angle (0%-9.83%, p = 0.001) (44.34%-79.52%, p = 0.003), (88.56%-100%, p = 0.037), ankle velocity (3.73%-11.65%, p = 0.017) (94.72-100%, p = 0.031); SPM analysis revealed that FT dancers exhibited significantly smaller muscle force than ET dancers around the ankle joint during the stance phase. Furthermore, FT dancers displayed reduced co-activation compared to ET dancers around the ankle joint during the descending phase, while demonstrating higher co-activation around the knee joint than ET dancers. Conclusion: This study biomechanically demonstrates that in various stance patterns within Latin dance, a reduction in lower limb stance area leads to weakened muscle strength and reduced co-activation around the ankle joint, and results in increased ankle inversion angles and velocities, thereby heightening the risk of ankle sprains. Nevertheless, the increased co-activation around the knee joint in FT dancers may be a compensatory response for reducing the lower limb stance area in order to maintain stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Gao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Datao Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | | | - Teo Ee-Chon
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minjun Liang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Giuriato G, Romanelli MG, Bartolini D, Vernillo G, Pedrinolla A, Moro T, Franchi M, Locatelli E, Andani ME, Laginestra FG, Barbi C, Aloisi GF, Cavedon V, Milanese C, Orlandi E, De Simone T, Fochi S, Patuzzo C, Malerba G, Fabene P, Donadelli M, Stabile AM, Pistilli A, Rende M, Galli F, Schena F, Venturelli M. Sex differences in neuromuscular and biological determinants of isometric maximal force. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14118. [PMID: 38385696 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM Force expression is characterized by an interplay of biological and molecular determinants that are expected to differentiate males and females in terms of maximal performance. These include muscle characteristics (muscle size, fiber type, contractility), neuromuscular regulation (central and peripheral factors of force expression), and individual genetic factors (miRNAs and gene/protein expression). This research aims to comprehensively assess these physiological variables and their role as determinants of maximal force difference between sexes. METHODS Experimental evaluations include neuromuscular components of isometric contraction, intrinsic muscle characteristics (proteins and fiber type), and some biomarkers associated with muscle function (circulating miRNAs and gut microbiome) in 12 young and healthy males and 12 females. RESULTS Male strength superiority appears to stem primarily from muscle size while muscle fiber-type distribution plays a crucial role in contractile properties. Moderate-to-strong pooled correlations between these muscle parameters were established with specific circulating miRNAs, as well as muscle and plasma proteins. CONCLUSION Muscle size is crucial in explaining the differences in maximal voluntary isometric force generation between males and females with similar fiber type distribution. Potential physiological mechanisms are seen from associations between maximal force, skeletal muscle contractile properties, and biological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Giuriato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vernillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Alberta - Augustana Campus, Camrose, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anna Pedrinolla
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martino Franchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Locatelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mehran Emadi Andani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Giuseppe Laginestra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Utah, USA
| | - Chiara Barbi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Fiorini Aloisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Cavedon
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Orlandi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Tonia De Simone
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Fochi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Patuzzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabene
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Stabile
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Anatomy, Clinical and Forensic, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pistilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Anatomy, Clinical and Forensic, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Anatomy, Clinical and Forensic, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Utah, USA
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Chen Y, Yu W, Benali A, Lu D, Kok SY, Wang R. Towards Human-like Walking with Biomechanical and Neuromuscular Control Features: Personalized Attachment Point Optimization Method of Cable-Driven Exoskeleton. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1327397. [PMID: 38371400 PMCID: PMC10870425 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1327397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The cable-driven exoskeleton can avoid joint misalignment, and is substantial alterations in the pattern of muscle synergy coordination, which arouse more attention in recent years to facilitate exercise for older adults and improve their overall quality of life. This study leverages principles from neuroscience and biomechanical analysis to select attachment points for cable-driven soft exoskeletons. By extracting key features of human movement, the objective is to develop a subject-specific design methodology that provides precise and personalized support in the attachment points optimization of cable-driven exoskeleton to achieve natural gait, energy efficiency, and muscle coordination controllable in the domain of human mobility and rehabilitation. To achieve this, the study first analyzes human walking experimental data and extracts biomechanical features. These features are then used to generate trajectories, allowing better natural movement under complete cable-driven exoskeleton control. Next, a genetic algorithm-based method is employed to minimize energy consumption and optimize the attachment points of the cable-driven system. This process identifies connections that are better suited for the human model, leading to improved efficiency and natural movement. By comparing the calculated elderly human model driven by exoskeleton with experimental subject in terms of joint angles, joint torques and muscle forces, the human model can successfully replicate subject movement and the cable output forces can mimic human muscle coordination. The optimized cable attachment points facilitate more natural and efficient collaboration between humans and the exoskeleton, making significant contributions to the field of assisting the elderly in rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasheng Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Abderraouf Benali
- LISV, Versailles Systems Engineering Laboratory, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Paris, France
| | - Donglai Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siong Yuen Kok
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Runxiao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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Schiaffino S, Hughes SM, Murgia M, Reggiani C. MYH13, a superfast myosin expressed in extraocular, laryngeal and syringeal muscles. J Physiol 2024; 602:427-443. [PMID: 38160435 DOI: 10.1113/jp285714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
MYH13 is a unique type of sarcomeric myosin heavy chain (MYH) first detected in mammalian extraocular (EO) muscles and later also in vocal muscles, including laryngeal muscles of some mammals and syringeal muscles of songbirds. All these muscles are specialized in generating very fast contractions while producing relatively low force, a design appropriate for muscles acting against a much lower load than most skeletal muscles inserting into the skeleton. The definition of the physiological properties of muscle fibres containing MYH13 has been complicated by the mixed fibre type composition of EO muscles and the coexistence of different MYH types within the same fibre. A major advance in this area came from studies on isolated recombinant myosin motors and the demonstration that the affinity of actin-bound human MYH13 for ADP is much weaker than those of fast-type MYH1 (type 2X) and MYH2 (type 2A). This property is consistent with a very fast detachment of myosin from actin, a major determinant of shortening velocity. The MYH13 gene arose early during vertebrate evolution but was characterized only in mammals and birds and appears to have been lost in some teleost fish. The MYH13 gene is located at the 3' end of the mammalian fast/developmental gene cluster and in a similar position to the orthologous cluster in syntenic regions of the songbird genome. MYH13 gene regulation is controlled by a super-enhancer in the mammalian locus and deletion of the neighbouring fast MYH1 and MYH4 genes leads to abnormal MYH13 expression in mouse leg muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Marta Murgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
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Zart S, Brachtendorf M, Becker S, Fröhlich M. Isolated but not combined ergogenic effects of caffeine and L-arginine during an isokinetic knee extension. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1303805. [PMID: 38260064 PMCID: PMC10800533 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1303805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of single supplements as ergogenic aids to enhance performance in strength-oriented sports is widespread among athletes (74%). The aim of this study was to increase knowledge about the combined effects of caffeine and L-arginine dietary supplements on performance. Methods In this double-blind, randomized and counterbalanced crossover study, 29 participants (age: 23.2 ± 3.6 yr.; height: 181.0 ± 7.6 cm; weight: 77.0 ± 8.8 kg) each underwent six trials. In each trial performance tests were conducted to examine the effects of the supplement combinations on maximum (NmMax) and averaged torque (NmM), maximum (JMax) and averaged work (JM), the blockwise mean values of torque and work, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during an isokinetic leg extension task (90°·s-1) with the right leg for two sets of 40 repetitions and a set rest of 3 min on a dynamometer. The first and second trials were used to familiarize the participants with the movements in the dynamometer and no supplements were taken. After this 2-week pre-test trial, the supplement combinations of placebo/placebo, caffeine/placebo (5 mg·kg-1), L-arginine/placebo (0.15 g·kg-1), and caffeine/L-arginine (5 mg·kg-1 + 0.15 g·kg-1) were ingested. Results The main finding of this study is the absence of an ergogenic effect of the combined supplements caffeine and L-arginine during voluntary maximal isokinetic leg extensions, although an increase of 3.5% was noted for Nmmax compared to the placebo trial. However, the administration of caffeine was able to increase the NmMax of the quadriceps femoris muscle about 5.1% (p = 0.043). In addition, caffeine (4.2%, p = 0.026) and also L-arginine (4.2%, p = 0.040) significantly increased NmM over a complete set. No single or combined supplement had an effect on muscle fatigue looking at the blockwise mean values of torque and work or RPE (all p > 0.05). Conclusion The combination of caffeine and L-arginine was not superior to the isolated intake of both supplements in a strength-based exercise and a synergistic effect was absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zart
- Department of Sports Science, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Umehara J, Yagi M, Ueda Y, Nojiri S, Kobayashi K, Tachibana T, Nobuhara K, Ichihashi N. Compensation strategy of shoulder synergist muscles is not stereotypical in patients with rotator cuff repair. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:21-31. [PMID: 37292048 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff tear is a common shoulder injury that causes shoulder dysfunction and pain. Although surgical repair is the primary treatment for rotator cuff tear, it is well recognized that impaired force exertion of muscles connecting to the involved tendon and subsequent complemental change in the force exertion of synergist muscles persist even after repair. This study aimed to identify the compensation strategy of shoulder abductors by examining how synergist muscles respond to supraspinatus (SSP) muscle force deficit in patients with rotator cuff repair. Muscle shear modulus, an index of muscle force, was assessed for SSP, infraspinatus, upper trapezius, and middle deltoid muscles in repaired and contralateral control shoulders of 15 patients with unilateral tendon repair of the SSP muscle using ultrasound shear wave elastography while the patients passively or actively held their arm in shoulder abduction. In the repaired shoulder, the shear modulus of the SSP muscle declined, whereas that of other synergist muscles did not differ relative to that of the control. To find the association between the affected SSP and each of the synergist muscles, a regression analysis was used to assess the shear moduli at the population level. However, no association was observed between them. At the individual level, there was a tendency of variation among patients with regard to a specific muscle whose shear modulus complementarily increased. These results suggest that the compensation strategy for SSP muscle force deficit varies among individuals, being nonstereotypical in patients with rotator cuff injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Umehara
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Yagi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ueda
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Health Science, Takarazuka University of Medical and Healthcare, Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Shusuke Nojiri
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotono Kobayashi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Noriaki Ichihashi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kasture S, Khadilkar A, Padidela R, Gondhalekar K, Patil R, Khadilkar V. Effect of Yoga or Physical Exercise on Muscle Function in Rural Indian Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:85-93. [PMID: 37931617 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synergistic effects of yoga or physical exercise (PE) along with protein supplementation on children's muscle function in rural India have not been studied. Hence, we aimed to study the effect of yoga and PE along with protein supplementation on muscle function in healthy 6- to 11-year-old rural Indian children post 6 months of intervention. METHODS A randomized controlled trial on 232 children, recruited into 3 groups, each receiving 1 protein-rich ladoo (148 kcal, 7 g protein/40 g ladoo-an Indian sweet snack) daily and performing (1) yoga (n = 78) for 30 minutes 5 times per week, (2) PE (n = 76) for 30 minutes 5 times per week, or (3) control group (n = 78) no additional exercise. Maximum power, maximum voluntary force (Fmax), and grip strength (GS) were measured. Data were analyzed using paired t tests and a 2-way mixed analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni adjustment. RESULTS GS, maximum power, and Fmax within yoga group increased significantly (P < .05) from baseline to endline. GS and Fmax increased significantly within PE group postintervention (P < .001). In controls, GS increased (P < .05) at endline. No significant effect of the intervention was observed on the change in maximum power (P > .05) postintervention. The 2 exercise groups showed significant increase in Fmax compared with the control group (P < .05). Similarly, increase in GS was significantly higher in both the exercise groups compared with the control group (P < .05). No significant difference was observed in change in muscle function between the 2 exercise groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Structured physical activity along with protein supplementation resulted in improved muscle function in children. Yoga and PE showed a comparable impact on muscle force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Kasture
- Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuradha Khadilkar
- Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raja Padidela
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ketan Gondhalekar
- Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Radhika Patil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaman Khadilkar
- Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Kaya Keles CS, Ates F. How mechanics of individual muscle-tendon units define knee and ankle joint function in health and cerebral palsy-a narrative review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1287385. [PMID: 38116195 PMCID: PMC10728775 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1287385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reviews the relationship between muscle-tendon biomechanics and joint function, with a particular focus on how cerebral palsy (CP) affects this relationship. In healthy individuals, muscle size is a critical determinant of strength, with muscle volume, cross-sectional area, and moment arm correlating with knee and ankle joint torque for different isometric/isokinetic contractions. However, in CP, impaired muscle growth contributes to joint pathophysiology even though only a limited number of studies have investigated the impact of deficits in muscle size on pathological joint function. As muscles are the primary factors determining joint torque, in this review two main approaches used for muscle force quantification are discussed. The direct quantification of individual muscle forces from their relevant tendons through intraoperative approaches holds a high potential for characterizing healthy and diseased muscles but poses challenges due to the invasive nature of the technique. On the other hand, musculoskeletal models, using an inverse dynamic approach, can predict muscle forces, but rely on several assumptions and have inherent limitations. Neither technique has become established in routine clinical practice. Nevertheless, identifying the relative contribution of each muscle to the overall joint moment would be key for diagnosis and formulating efficient treatment strategies for patients with CP. This review emphasizes the necessity of implementing the intraoperative approach into general surgical practice, particularly for joint correction operations in diverse patient groups. Obtaining in vivo data directly would enhance musculoskeletal models, providing more accurate force estimations. This integrated approach can improve the clinicians' decision-making process and advance treatment strategies by predicting changes at the muscle and joint levels before interventions, thus, holding the potential to significantly enhance clinical outcomes.
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Domin R, Pytka M, Żołyński M, Niziński J, Rucinski M, Guzik P, Zieliński J, Ruchała M. MOTS-c Serum Concentration Positively Correlates with Lower-Body Muscle Strength and Is Not Related to Maximal Oxygen Uptake-A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14951. [PMID: 37834399 PMCID: PMC10573682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial open reading frame of 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that regulates the nuclear genome during stressful conditions such as hypoxia, which is typical of exercise and training. We aim to mainly investigate the relationship between serum MOTS-c concentration and muscle strength parameters measured during the countermovement jump test with oxygen consumption (VO2) measured during the cardiopulmonary exercise test to exhaustion. Physically active healthy volunteers (17 male, three female, median age 30 years), not involved in any regular exercise program or participating in any sports competitions, performed five consecutive countermovement jump tests and cardiopulmonary exercise tests until maximal exhaustion and underwent a body composition assessment by means of bioelectrical impedance analysis, and had serum MOTS-c concentration measured at rest. Serum MOTS-c concentration was positively correlated with the average power and average and maximal force of the jumps, both overall muscle mass and leg muscle mass, but not with body fat percentage. There was no correlation with peak VO2. A higher serum MOTS-c concentration is associated with greater muscle mass, force, and power generated during jumping in healthy individuals but not exercise capacity reflected by peak VO2. More studies are needed to better understand the physiological and clinical values of these findings and why MOTS-c is better associated with measures of muscle strength and not endurance in physically active people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Domin
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
- University Centre for Sport and Medical Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-802 Poznan, Poland; (M.P.); (M.Ż.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Michał Pytka
- University Centre for Sport and Medical Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-802 Poznan, Poland; (M.P.); (M.Ż.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Cardiology, Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Żołyński
- University Centre for Sport and Medical Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-802 Poznan, Poland; (M.P.); (M.Ż.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Cardiology, Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Niziński
- University Centre for Sport and Medical Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-802 Poznan, Poland; (M.P.); (M.Ż.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Guzik
- University Centre for Sport and Medical Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-802 Poznan, Poland; (M.P.); (M.Ż.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Department of Cardiology, Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
- University Centre for Sport and Medical Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-802 Poznan, Poland; (M.P.); (M.Ż.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
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Goislard de Monsabert B, Herbaut A, Cartier T, Vigouroux L. Electromyography-informed musculoskeletal modeling provides new insight into hand tendon forces during tennis forehand. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1958-1975. [PMID: 37340897 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Lateral epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow, is a major health issue among tennis players. This musculo-skeletal disorder affects hand extensor tendons, results in substantial pain and impairments for sporting and everyday activities and requires several weeks of recovery. Unfortunately, prevention remains limited by the lack of data regarding biomechanical risk factors, especially because in vivo evaluation of hand tendon forces remains challenging. Electromyography-informed musculo-skeletal modeling is a noninvasive approach to provide physiological estimation of tendon forces based on motion capture and electromyography but was never applied to study hand tendon loading during tennis playing. The objective of this study was to develop such electromyography-informed musculo-skeletal model to provide new insight into hand tendon loading in tennis players. The model was tested with three-dimensional kinematics and electromyography data of two players performing forehand drives at two-shot speeds and with three rackets. Muscle forces increased with shot speed but were moderately affected by racket properties. Wrist prime extensors withstood the highest forces, but their relative implication compared to flexors depended on the player-specific grip force and racket motion strategy. When normalizing wrist extensor forces by shot speed and grip strength, up to threefold differences were observed between players, suggesting that gesture technique, for example, grip position or joint motion coordination, could play a role in the overloading of wrist extensor tendons. This study provided a new methodology for in situ analysis of hand biomechanical loadings during tennis gesture and shed a new light on lateral epicondylitis risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis Herbaut
- Human Factors & Ergonomics Department, Decathlon SportsLab Research and Development, Lille, France
| | - Théo Cartier
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
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11
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Gordon BS, Burns PK, Laskin GR, Dunlap KR, Boykin JR, Rossetti ML, Fukuda DH, Steiner JL. SIRT1 induction in the skeletal muscle of male mice partially preserves limb muscle mass but not contractile force in response to androgen deprivation. J Physiol 2023; 601:3885-3903. [PMID: 37531448 DOI: 10.1113/jp284869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In males, the factors that decrease limb muscle mass and strength in response to androgen deprivation are largely unknown. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) protein levels are lower in the limb muscle of male mice subjected to androgen deprivation. The present study aimed to assess whether SIRT1 induction preserved limb muscle mass and force production in response to androgen deprivation. Physically mature male mice containing an inducible muscle-specific SIRT1 transgene were subjected to a sham or castration surgery and compared to sham and castrated male mice where the SIRT1 transgene was not induced. SIRT1 induction partially preserved whole-body lean mass, tibialis anterior (TA) mass and triceps surae muscle mass in response to castration. Further analysis of the TA muscle showed that muscle-specific SIRT1 induction partially preserved limb muscle soluble protein content and fibre cross-sectional area. Unilateral AAV9-mediated SIRT1 induction in the TA muscle showed that SIRT1 partially preserved mass by acting directly in the muscle. Despite those positive outcomes to limb muscle morphology, muscle-specific SIRT1 induction did not preserve the force generating capacity of the TA or triceps surae muscles. Interestingly, SIRT1 induction in females did not alter limb muscle mass or limb muscle strength even though females have naturally low androgen levels. SIRT1 also did not alter the androgen-mediated increase in limb muscle mass or strength in females. In all, these data suggest that decreases in SIRT1 protein in the limb muscle of males may partially contribute to the loss of limb muscle mass in response to androgen deprivation. KEY POINTS: SIRT1 induction in skeletal muscle of male mice subjected to androgen deprivation partially preserved limb muscle mass and fibre cross-sectional area. SIRT1 induction in skeletal muscle of male mice subjected to androgen deprivation did not prevent preserve limb muscle force generating capacity. SIRT1 induction in skeletal muscle of females did not alter baseline limb muscle mass, nor did it affect the androgen-mediated increase in limb muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Gordon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Patrick K Burns
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Grant R Laskin
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kirsten R Dunlap
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jake R Boykin
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Michael L Rossetti
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - David H Fukuda
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Steiner
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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12
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Kakimoto T, Ogasawara A, Ishikawa K, Kurita T, Yoshida K, Harada S, Nonaka T, Inoue Y, Uchida K, Tateoka T, Ohta T, Kumagai S, Sasaki T, Aihara H. A Systemically Administered Unconjugated Antisense Oligonucleotide Targeting DUX4 Improves Muscular Injury and Motor Function in FSHD Model Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2339. [PMID: 37760780 PMCID: PMC10525656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), one of the most common muscular dystrophies, is caused by an abnormal expression of the DUX4 gene in skeletal muscles, resulting in muscle weakness. In this study, we investigated MT-DUX4-ASO, a novel gapmer antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). MT-DUX4-ASO decreased the expression of DUX4 and its target genes in FSHD patient-derived myoblasts. For the first time, we demonstrated that a systemically administered ASO, even without a ligand for drug delivery, could significantly improve muscle injury and motor function in the ACTA1-MCM/FLExDUX4 (DUX4-TG) mouse model of FSHD. Tamoxifen (TMX) injection transiently induces skeletal-muscle-specific DUX4 expression in DUX4-TG mice, while the skeletal muscles of TMX-untreated DUX4-TG mice have leaky DUX4 expression in a small subset of myofibers similar to those of FSHD patients. Subcutaneous 10 mg/kg of MT-DUX4-ASO at two-week intervals significantly suppressed muscular DUX4 target gene expression, histological muscle injury, and blood muscle injury marker elevation in TMX-untreated DUX4-TG mice. Notably, MT-DUX4-ASO at 10 mg/kg every other week significantly prevented the TMX-induced declines in treadmill test running speed and muscle force in DUX4-TG mice. Thus, the systemically administered unconjugated MT-DUX4-ASO suppressed disease progression in DUX4-TG mice, extending the potential of unconjugated ASOs as a promising FSHD treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kakimoto
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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13
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Bogey R. An EMG-to-Force Processing Approach to Estimating Knee Muscle Forces during Adult, Self-Selected Speed Gait. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:980. [PMID: 37627865 PMCID: PMC10451826 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the force production during self-selected speed normal gait by muscle-tendon units that cross the knee. The force of a single knee muscle is not directly measurable without invasive methods, yet invasive techniques are not appropriate for clinical use. Thus, an EMG-to-force processing (EFP) model was developed which scaled muscle-tendon unit (MTU) force output to gait EMG. METHODS An EMG-to-force processing (EFP) model was developed which scaled muscle-tendon unit (MTU) force output to gait EMG. Active muscle force power was defined as the product of MTU forces (derived from EFP) and that muscle's contraction velocity. Net knee EFP moment was determined by summing individual active knee muscle moments. Net knee moments were also calculated for these study participants via inverse dynamics (kinetics plus kinematics, KIN). The inverse dynamics technique used are well accepted and the KIN net moment was used to validate or reject this model. Closeness of fit of the moment power curves for the two methods (during active muscle forces) was used to validate the model. RESULTS The correlation between the EFP and KIN methods was sufficiently close, suggesting validation of the model's ability to provide reasonable estimates of knee muscle forces. CONCLUSIONS The EMG-to-force processing approach provides reasonable estimates of active individual knee muscle forces in self-selected speed walking in neurologically intact adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Bogey
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Western University of the Health Sciences, 309 East 2nd Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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14
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Namayeshi T, Haddara R, Ackland D, Lee PVS. The role of the ankle plantar flexor muscles in trip recovery during walking: a computational modeling study. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1153229. [PMID: 37533583 PMCID: PMC10390771 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1153229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive lower limb muscle function during walking plays a role in balance, stability, and ultimately fall prevention. The objective of this study was to evaluate muscle and joint function used to regain balance after trip-based perturbations during walking. Research question How are lower limb muscles used to recover from external tripping during walking? Method The dominant legs of 20 healthy adult participants with similar athletic backgrounds were tripped using a split-belt instrumented treadmill. High- and medium-intensity trips were simulated by deceleration of the dominant leg at initial contact from the speed of 1.1 m/s to 0 m/s and back to 1.1 m/s in 0.4 s and 0.8 s, respectively. Lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and muscle forces following perturbations were computed to pre-perturbation values using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) paired t-test. Results A greater ankle dorsiflexion angle (mean difference: 5.3°), ankle plantar flexion moment (mean difference: 0.6 Nm / kg ), and gastrocnemius and soleus muscle forces (mean difference: 4.27 N / kg and 13.56 N / kg for GAS and SOL, respectively) were observed post-perturbation step despite the magnitude of the perturbation. Significance This study concludes that adequate timely response of ankle function during a compensatory step is required for a successful recovery after tripping during walking in young healthy adults. Weakness in plantar flexors suggests insufficient ankle moments, which ultimately can result in falls. The findings of this paper can be used as a reference for the joint moments and range of motion needed to recover trips in the design of assistive devices. In addition to that, clinicians can use the estimated values of muscle forces and the pattern of muscle activities to design targeted training in fall prevention among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Namayeshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raneem Haddara
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David Ackland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Vee Sin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Desachy M, Alexandre F, Varray A, Molinier V, Four E, Charbonnel L, Héraud N. High Prevalence of Non-Responders Based on Quadriceps Force after Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4353. [PMID: 37445388 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with COPD improves quality of life, dyspnea, and exercise tolerance. However, 30 to 50% of patients are "non-responders" (NRs) according to considered variables. Surprisingly, peripheral muscle force is never taken into account to attest the efficacy of PR, despite its major importance. Thus, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of force in NRs, their characteristics, and predictors of non-response. In total, 62 COPD patients were included in this retrospective study (May 2019 to December 2020). They underwent inpatient PR, and their quadriceps isometric maximal force (QMVC) was assessed. The PR program followed international guidelines. Patients with a QMVC increase <7.5 N·m were classified as an NR. COPD patients showed a mean improvement in QMVC after PR (10.08 ± 12.97 N·m; p < 0.001). However, 50% of patients were NRs. NRs had lower pre-PR values for body mass, height, body mass index, PaO2, and QMVC. Non-response can be predicted by low QMVC, high PaCO2, and gender (when male). This model has a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 81%. The study highlights the considerable number of NRs and potential risk factors for non-response. To systematize the effects, it may be interesting to implement blood gas correction and/or optimize the programs to enhance peripheral and central effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Desachy
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
- Direction de la Recherche et de l'Innovation en Santé (Research and Health Innovation Department), Clariane, France
| | - François Alexandre
- Direction de la Recherche et de l'Innovation en Santé (Research and Health Innovation Department), Clariane, France
| | - Alain Varray
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Molinier
- Direction de la Recherche et de l'Innovation en Santé (Research and Health Innovation Department), Clariane, France
| | - Elodie Four
- Clinique du Souffle Les Clarines, Inicea, France
| | | | - Nelly Héraud
- Direction de la Recherche et de l'Innovation en Santé (Research and Health Innovation Department), Clariane, France
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16
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Quan W, Gao L, Xu D, Zhou H, Korim T, Shao S, Baker JS, Gu Y. Simulation of Lower Limb Muscle Activation Using Running Shoes with Different Heel-to-Toe Drops Using Opensim. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091243. [PMID: 37174785 PMCID: PMC10178672 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the acute effects of shoe drops on running kinematics and kinetic variables, their effects on muscle forces remain unknown. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to compare the muscle force, kinematics, and kinetic variables of habitually rearfoot runners with heel-to-toe drops of negative 8 mm shoes (minimalist shoes) and positive 9 mm shoes (normal shoes) during the running stance phase by using musculoskeletal modeling and simulation techniques. METHODS Experimental data of lower limb kinematics, ground reaction force, and muscle activation from 16 healthy runners with rearfoot strike patterns were collected and analyzed in OpenSim. Using Matlab, the statistical parameter mapping paired t-test was used to compare the joint angle, moment, and muscle force waveform. RESULTS The results revealed differences in the sagittal ankle and hip angles and sagittal knee moments between the different heel-to-toe drops of running shoes. Specifically, it showed that the negative 8 mm running shoes led to significantly smaller values than the positive 9 mm running shoes in terms of the angle of ankle dorsiflexion, ankle eversion, knee flexion, hip flexion, and hip internal and hip external rotation. The peak ankle dorsiflexion moment, ankle plantarflexion moment, ankle eversion moment, knee flexion moment, knee abduction moment, and knee internal rotation also decreased obviously with the minimalist running shoes, while the lateral gastrocnemius, Achilleas tendon, and extensor hallucis longus muscles were obviously greater in the minimalist shoes compared to normal shoes. The vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and extensor digitorum longus muscles force were smaller in the minimalist shoes. CONCLUSIONS Runners may shift to a midfoot strike pattern when wearing negative running shoes. High muscle forces in the gastrocnemius lateral, Achilleas tendon, and flexor hallucis longus muscles may also indicate an increased risk of Achilleas tendonitis and ankle flexor injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Quan
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Linna Gao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Datao Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow G72 0LH, UK
| | - Tamás Korim
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Shirui Shao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Julien S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Bernabei M, Lee SSM, Perreault EJ, Sandercock TG. Axial stress determines the velocity of shear wave propagation in passive but not active muscles in vivo. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:941-950. [PMID: 36861673 PMCID: PMC10069958 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00125.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound shear wave elastography can be used to characterize mechanical properties of unstressed tissue by measuring shear wave velocity (SWV), which increases with increasing tissue stiffness. Measurements of SWV have often been assumed to be directly related to the stiffness of muscle. Some have also used measures of SWV to estimate stress, since muscle stiffness and stress covary during active contractions, but few have considered the direct influence of muscle stress on SWV. Rather, it is often assumed that stress alters the material properties of muscle, and in turn, shear wave propagation. The objective of this study was to determine how well the theoretical dependency of SWV on stress can account for measured changes of SWV in passive and active muscles. Data were collected from six isoflurane-anesthetized cats; three soleus muscles and three medial gastrocnemius muscles. Muscle stress and stiffness were measured directly along with SWV. Measurements were made across a range of passively and actively generated stresses, obtained by varying muscle length and activation, which was controlled by stimulating the sciatic nerve. Our results show that SWV depends primarily on the stress in a passively stretched muscle. In contrast, the SWV in active muscle is higher than would be predicted by considering only stress, presumably due to activation-dependent changes in muscle stiffness. Our results demonstrate that while SWV is sensitive to changes in muscle stress and activation, there is not a unique relationship between SWV and either of these quantities when considered in isolation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ultrasound shear wave elastography may be an inexpensive way to measure muscle stress in passive muscle. Here, using a cat model we directly measured shear wave velocity (SWV), muscle stress, and muscle stiffness. Our results show that SWV depends primarily on the stress in a passively stretched muscle. In contrast, the SWV in active muscle is higher than would be predicted by considering only stress, presumably due to activation-dependent changes in muscle stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bernabei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
- Shirley Ryan Ability Lab, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Sabrina S M Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Eric J Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
- Shirley Ryan Ability Lab, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Thomas G Sandercock
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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18
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Ranatunga KW, Geeves MA. Effects of Hydrostatic-Pressure on Muscle Contraction: A Look Back on Some Experimental Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5031. [PMID: 36902460 PMCID: PMC10003533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Findings from experiments that used hydrostatic pressure changes to analyse the process of skeletal muscle contraction are re-examined. The force in resting muscle is insensitive to an increase in hydrostatic pressure from 0.1 MPa (atmospheric) to 10 MPa, as also found for force in rubber-like elastic filaments. The force in rigour muscle rises with increased pressure, as shown experimentally for normal elastic fibres (e.g., glass, collagen, keratin, etc.). In submaximal active contractions, high pressure leads to tension potentiation. The force in maximally activated muscle decreases with increased pressure: the extent of this force decrease in maximal active muscle is sensitive to the concentration of products of ATP hydrolysis (Pi-inorganic phosphate and ADP-adenosine diphosphate) in the medium. When the increased hydrostatic pressure is rapidly decreased, the force recovered to the atmospheric level in all cases. Thus, the resting muscle force remained the same: the force in the rigour muscle decreased in one phase and that in active muscle increased in two phases. The rate of rise of active force on rapid pressure release increased with the concentration of Pi in the medium, indicating that it is coupled to the Pi release step in the ATPase-driven crossbridge cycle in muscle. Pressure experiments on intact muscle illustrate possible underlying mechanisms of tension potentiation and causes of muscle fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. W. Ranatunga
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - M. A. Geeves
- Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
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19
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Reiner MM, Gabriel A, Tilp M, Konrad A. The Acute Effects of Pectoralis Major Foam Ball Rolling on Shoulder Extension Range of Motion, Isometric Contraction Torque, and Muscle Stiffness. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:51-57. [PMID: 36876179 PMCID: PMC9982538 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although it is well known that foam rolling (FR) of the lower extremities can increase the range of motion (ROM) of a joint while likely having no detrimental effect on muscle performance, to date, this is not clear if this is the case for the upper body. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a 2-min FR intervention of the pectoralis major (PMa) muscle on muscle stiffness of the PMa, shoulder extension ROM, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) peak torque. Thirty-eight (n = 15 females) healthy, physically active participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention (n = 18) or a control group (n = 20). The intervention group performed a 2-min foam ball rolling (FBR) intervention of the PMa muscle (FB-PMa-rolling), while the control group rested for 2 min. Before and after the intervention, muscle stiffness of the PMa was measured with shear wave elastography, while shoulder extension ROM was recorded with a 3D-motion capture system, and shoulder flexion MVIC peak torque was measured with a force sensor. MVIC peak torque decreased in both groups (time effect: p = 0.01; η2 = 0.16), without any difference between groups (interaction effect: p = 0.49, η2 = 0.013). ROM (p = 0.24; η2 = 0.04) and muscle stiffness (FB-PMa-rolling p = 0.86; Z = -0.38; control group p = 0.7, Z = -0.17) did not change due to the intervention. The lack of changes in ROM and muscle stiffness following the FBR intervention might be explained by the small area of applied pressure with the FBR on the PMa muscle. Moreover, the decrease in MVIC peak torque is likely more related to the uncommon test situation of the upper limbs, rather than the FBR intervention itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Reiner
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sports and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Gabriel
- Professorship of Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Tilp
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sports and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sports and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Giráldez-Costas V, Del Coso J, Mañas A, Salinero JJ. The Long Way to Establish the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine on Strength Performance: An Overview Review. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36904177 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This overview review aimed to describe the evolution of the characteristics of the research on caffeine effects on strength. A total of 189 experimental studies with 3459 participants were included. The median sample size was 15 participants, with an over-representation of men vs. women (79.4 vs. 20.6%). Studies on young participants and elders were scarce (4.2%). Most studies tested a single dose of caffeine (87.3%), while 72.0% used doses adjusted to body mass. Single-dose studies ranged from 1.7 to 7 mg/kg (4.8 ± 1.4 mg/kg), while dose-response studies ranged from 1 to 12 mg/kg. Caffeine was mixed with other substances in 27.0% of studies, although only 10.1% of studies analyzed the caffeine interaction with these substances. Capsules (51.9%) and beverages (41.3%) were the most common forms of caffeine administration. Similar proportions of studies focused on upper (24.9%) or lower body strength 37.6% (37.6% both). Participants' daily intake of caffeine was reported in 68.3% of studies. Overall, the pattern in the study of caffeine's effects on strength performance has been carried out with experiments including 11-15 adults, using a single and moderate dose of caffeine adjusted to participants' body mass in the form of a capsule.
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Mallard J, Hucteau E, Schott R, Trensz P, Pflumio C, Kalish-Weindling M, Favret F, Pivot X, Hureau TJ, Pagano AF. Early skeletal muscle deconditioning and reduced exercise capacity during (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2023; 129:215-225. [PMID: 36397290 PMCID: PMC10099272 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a hallmark of breast cancer and is associated with skeletal muscle deconditioning. If cancer-related fatigue occurs early during chemotherapy (CT), the development of skeletal muscle deconditioning and its effect on exercise capacity remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of skeletal muscle deconditioning and exercise capacity in patients with early-stage breast cancer during CT. METHODS Patients with breast cancer had a visit before undergoing CT, at 8 weeks, and at the end of chemotherapy (post-CT). Body composition was determined through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Knee extensor, handgrip muscle force and fatigue was quantified by performing maximal voluntary isometric contractions and exercise capacity using the 6-min walking test. Questionnaires were also administered to evaluate quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, and physical activity level. RESULTS Among the 100 patients, reductions were found in muscle mass (-2.3%, p = .002), exercise capacity (-6.7%, p < .001), and knee extensor force (-4.9%, p < .001) post-CT, which occurred within the first 8 weeks of treatment with no further decrease thereafter. If muscle fatigue did not change, handgrip muscle force decreased post-CT only (-2.5%, p = .001), and exercise capacity continued to decrease between 8 weeks and post-CT (-4.6%, p < .001). Quality of life and cancer-related fatigue were impaired after 8 weeks (p < .001) and remained stable thereafter, whereas the physical activity level remained stable during chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Similar to cancer-related fatigue, skeletal muscle deconditioning and reduced exercise capacity occurred early during breast cancer CT. Thus, it appears essential to prevent these alterations through exercise training implemented during CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Mallard
- Biomedicine Research Centre of Strasbourg (CRBS), Mitochondria, oxidative stress, and muscular protection laboratory (UR 3072), Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, European Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Exercise Physiology (CEERIPE), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institute of Cancerology Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Elyse Hucteau
- Biomedicine Research Centre of Strasbourg (CRBS), Mitochondria, oxidative stress, and muscular protection laboratory (UR 3072), Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, European Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Exercise Physiology (CEERIPE), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institute of Cancerology Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Roland Schott
- Institute of Cancerology Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Trensz
- Institute of Cancerology Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Carole Pflumio
- Institute of Cancerology Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Fabrice Favret
- Biomedicine Research Centre of Strasbourg (CRBS), Mitochondria, oxidative stress, and muscular protection laboratory (UR 3072), Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, European Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Exercise Physiology (CEERIPE), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier Pivot
- Institute of Cancerology Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas J Hureau
- Biomedicine Research Centre of Strasbourg (CRBS), Mitochondria, oxidative stress, and muscular protection laboratory (UR 3072), Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, European Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Exercise Physiology (CEERIPE), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Allan F Pagano
- Biomedicine Research Centre of Strasbourg (CRBS), Mitochondria, oxidative stress, and muscular protection laboratory (UR 3072), Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, European Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Exercise Physiology (CEERIPE), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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22
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Wang L, Wu Y, Zhu M, Zhao C. Relationship between EMG features and force in orbicularis oris muscle. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:47-56. [PMID: 35754237 DOI: 10.3233/thc-213545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lip incompetence resulting from mouth breathing is a common clinical manifestation, while there are no definite indicators of amplitude and intensity of muscle functional training in clinical practice, which leads to unsatisfactory training results. OBJECTIVE The aim was to quantify the relationship between electromyography (EMG) and force in orbicularis oris muscle, so that the indicators of muscle functional training can be evaluated using EMG signals, so as to improve the training effects. METHODS The EMG and the force signals of orbicularis oris muscle from 0% to 100% MVC within 5 s in twelve healthy subjects (six males and six females; age, 25 ± 2 years; mass, 60 ± 15 kg) were recorded simultaneously for three trials. Four EMG features consisting of RMS, WAMP, SampEn and FuzzyEn were analyzed. The regression analyses were performed using first-order and third-order polynomial model. RESULTS There were high correlations between the four EMG features and muscle force with the two models. The third-order model yielded a higher coefficient of determination (R2) than the linear model (p< 0.001) and the result of FuzzyEn (R2: 0.884 ± 0.059) was the highest in the four features. CONCLUSION The third-order model with FuzzyEn of EMG signals may be used to guide the muscle functional training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqi Wu
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University of Medicine, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University of Medicine, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuilian Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Michaud F, Frey-Law LA, Lugrís U, Cuadrado L, Figueroa-Rodríguez J, Cuadrado J. Applying a muscle fatigue model when optimizing load-sharing between muscles for short-duration high-intensity exercise: A preliminary study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1167748. [PMID: 37168228 PMCID: PMC10165736 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1167748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple different mathematical models have been developed to represent muscle force, to represent multiple muscles in the musculoskeletal system, and to represent muscle fatigue. However, incorporating these different models together to describe the behavior of a high-intensity exercise has not been well described. Methods: In this work, we adapted the three-compartment controller (3CCr) muscle fatigue model to be implemented with an inverse-dynamics based optimization algorithm for the muscle recruitment problem for 7 elbow muscles to model a benchmark case: elbow flexion/extension moments. We highlight the difficulties in achieving an accurate subject-specific approach for this multi-level modeling problem, considering different muscular models, compared with experimental measurements. Both an isometric effort and a dynamic bicep curl were considered, where muscle activity and resting periods were simulated to obtain the fatigue behavior. Muscle parameter correction, scaling and calibration are addressed in this study. Moreover, fiber-type recruitment hierarchy in force generation was added to the optimization problem, thus offering an additional novel muscle modeling criterion. Results: It was observed that: i) the results were most accurate for the static case; ii) insufficient torque was predicted by the model at some time points for the dynamic case, which benefitted from a more precise calibration of muscle parameters; iii) modeling the effects of muscular potentiation may be important; and iv) for this multilevel model approach, the 3CCr model had to be modified to avoid reaching situations of unrealistic constant fatigue in high intensity exercise-resting cycles. Discussion: All the methods yield reasonable estimations, but the complexity of obtaining accurate subject-specific human models is highlighted in this study. The proposed novel muscle modeling and force recruitment criterion, which consider the muscular fiber-type distinction, show interesting preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Michaud
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
- *Correspondence: Florian Michaud,
| | - Laura A. Frey-Law
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United Sates
| | - Urbano Lugrís
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Lucía Cuadrado
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Figueroa-Rodríguez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Cuadrado
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
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24
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Treigyte V, Eimantas N, Venckunas T, Brazaitis M, Chaillou T. Moderate muscle cooling induced by single and intermittent/prolonged cold-water immersions differently affects muscle contractile function in young males. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1172817. [PMID: 37025384 PMCID: PMC10070757 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1172817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the impact of moderate muscle cooling induced by single and intermittent/prolonged cold-water immersions (CWI) on muscle force and contractility in unfatigued state and during the development of fatigue resulting from electrically induced contractions. Methods: Twelve young males participated in this study consisting of two phases [single phase (SP) followed by intermittent/prolonged phase (IPP)], with both phases including two conditions (i.e., four trials in total) performed randomly: control passive sitting (CON) and cold-water immersions (10°C). SP-CWI included one 45 min-bath (from 15 to 60 min). IPP-CWI included three baths (45 min-bath from 15 to 60 min, and 15 min-baths from 165 to 180 min and from 255 to 270 min), with participants sitting at room temperature the rest of the time until 300 min. Blood pressure and intramuscular (Tmu) temperature were assessed, and neuromuscular testing was performed at baseline and 60 min after baseline during SP, and at baseline, 60, 90, 150 and 300 min after baseline during IPP. A fatiguing protocol (100 electrical stimulations) was performed after the last neuromuscular testing of each trial. Results: In unfatigued state, SP-CWI and IPP-CWI reduced electrically induced torque at 100 Hz (P100) but not at 20 Hz (P20), and increased P20/P100 ratio. The changes from baseline for P100 and P20/P100 ratio were lower in IPP-CWI than SP-CWI. Both cold-water immersion conditions slowed down muscle contraction and relaxation, and reduced maximal isokinetic contraction torque, but the changes from baseline were lower after IPP-CWI than SP-CWI. cold-water immersions did not impair maximal voluntary isometric contraction. During the fatiguing protocol, torque fatigue index and the changes in muscle contractile properties were larger after IPP-CWI than SP-CWI, but were in the same range as after CON conditions. The differences of muscle contractile function between SP-CWI and IPP-CWI were accompanied by a lower reduction of superficial Tmu and a smaller increase in systolic blood pressure after IPP-CWI than SP-CWI. Conclusion: IPP-CWI induces a less pronounced fast-to-slow contractile transition compared to SP-CWI, and this may result from the reduced vasoconstriction response and enhanced blood perfusion of the superficial muscle vessels, which could ultimately limit the reduction of superficial Tmu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Treigyte
- Sports Science and Innovation Institute, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nerijus Eimantas
- Sports Science and Innovation Institute, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Sports Science and Innovation Institute, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Sports Science and Innovation Institute, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- *Correspondence: Marius Brazaitis, ; Thomas Chaillou,
| | - Thomas Chaillou
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Marius Brazaitis, ; Thomas Chaillou,
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25
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Amiri P, Bull AMJ. Prediction of in vivo hip contact forces during common activities of daily living using a segment-based musculoskeletal model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:995279. [PMID: 36588939 PMCID: PMC9797521 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.995279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Quantifying in vivo hip muscle and contact forces during activities of daily living (ADL) provides valuable information for diagnosis and treatment of hip-related disorders. The objective of this study was to utilize Freebody, a segment-based musculoskeletal model, for the prediction of hip contact forces using a novel objective function during seven common ADLs and validate its performance against the publicly available HIP98 dataset. Methods: Marker data, ground reaction forces, and hip contact forces during slow, normal, and fast walking, stair ascent and descent, and standing up and sitting down were extracted for 3 subjects from the HIP98 dataset. A musculoskeletal anatomical dataset was scaled to match the dimensions of each subject, and muscle and hip contact forces were estimated by minimizing a novel objective function, which was the summation of the muscle stresses squared and body weight-normalised hip contact force. The accuracy of predictions were quantified using several metrics, and muscle forces were qualitatively compared to experimental EMGs in the literature. Results: FreeBody predicted the hip contact forces during the ADLs with encouraging accuracy: The root mean squared error of predictions were 44.0 ± 8.5, 47.4 ± 6.5, and 59.8 ± 7.1% BW during slow, normal, and fast walking, 44.2 ± 16.8% and 53.3 ± 12.2% BW for stair ascent and descent, and 31.8 ± 8.2% and 17.1 ± 5.0% BW for standing up and sitting down, respectively. The error in prediction of peak hip contact forces were 14-18%, 24-28%, 17-35% for slow, normal, and fast walking, 7-25% and 15-32% in stair ascent and descent, and around 10% for standing up and sitting down. The coefficient of determination was larger than 0.90 in all activities except in standing up (0.86 ± 0.08). Conclusion: This study has implemented a novel objective function in a segment-based musculoskeletal model, FreeBody, for the prediction of hip contact forces during a large range of ADLs. The model outputs compare favourably for all ADLs and are the best in standing up and sitting down, while muscle activation patterns are consistent with experimental EMGs from literature. This new objective function addresses one of the major limitations associated with musculoskeletal models in the literature, namely the high non-physiological predicted hip joint contact forces.
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26
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Baraldo M, Zorzato S, Dondjang AHT, Geremia A, Nogara L, Dumitras AG, Canato M, Marcucci L, Nolte H, Blaauw B. Inducible deletion of raptor and mTOR from adult skeletal muscle impairs muscle contractility and relaxation. J Physiol 2022; 600:5055-5075. [PMID: 36255030 DOI: 10.1113/jp283686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle weakness has been associated with different pathological conditions, including sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy, and is accompanied by altered mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. We wanted to elucidate the functional role of mTOR in muscle contractility. Most loss-of-function studies for mTOR signalling have used the drug rapamycin to inhibit some of the signalling downstream of mTOR. However, given that rapamycin does not inhibit all mTOR signalling completely, we generated a double knockout for mTOR and for the scaffold protein of mTORC1, raptor, in skeletal muscle. We found that double knockout in mice results in a more severe phenotype compared with deletion of raptor or mTOR alone. Indeed, these animals display muscle weakness, increased fibre denervation and a slower muscle relaxation following tetanic stimulation. This is accompanied by a shift towards slow-twitch fibres and changes in the expression levels of calcium-related genes, such as Serca1 and Casq1. Double knockout mice show a decrease in calcium decay kinetics after tetanus in vivo, suggestive of a reduced calcium reuptake. In addition, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that many downregulated genes, such as Tcap and Fhod3, are linked to sarcomere organization. These results suggest a key role for mTOR signalling in maintaining proper fibre relaxation in skeletal muscle. KEY POINTS: Skeletal muscle wasting and weakness have been associated with different pathological conditions, including sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy, and are accompanied by altered mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. Mammalian target of rapamycin plays a crucial role in the maintenance of muscle mass and functionality. We found that the loss of both mTOR and raptor results in contractile abnormalities, with severe muscle weakness and delayed relaxation following tetanic stimulation. These results are associated with alterations in the expression of genes involved in sarcomere organization and calcium handling and with an impairment in calcium reuptake after contraction. Taken together, these results provide a mechanistic insight into the role of mTOR in muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Baraldo
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Zorzato
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Achille Homère Tchampda Dondjang
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessia Geremia
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ana Georgia Dumitras
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Canato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Suita, Japan
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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27
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Hogenbirk RNM, Viddeleer AR, Hentzen JEKR, van der Plas WY, van der Schans CP, de Bock GH, Kruijff S, Klaase JM. Thickness of Biceps and Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Measured Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound as a Representation of Total Skeletal Muscle Mass. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226606. [PMID: 36431082 PMCID: PMC9695176 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized loss of muscle mass is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. The gold standard to measure muscle mass is by using computed tomography (CT). However, the aim of this prospective observational cohort study was to determine whether point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) could be an easy-to-use, bedside measurement alternative to evaluate muscle status. Patients scheduled for major abdominal cancer surgery with a recent preoperative CT scan available were included. POCUS was used to measure the muscle thickness of mm. biceps brachii, mm. recti femoris, and mm. vasti intermedius 1 day prior to surgery. The total skeletal muscle index (SMI) was derived from patients’ abdominal CT scan at the third lumbar level. Muscle force of the upper and lower extremities was measured using a handheld dynamometer. A total of 165 patients were included (55% male; 65 ± 12 years). All POCUS measurements of muscle thickness had a statistically significant correlation with CT-derived SMI (r ≥ 0.48; p < 0.001). The strongest correlation between POCUS muscle measurements and SMI was observed when all POCUS muscle groups were added together (r = 0.73; p < 0.001). Muscle strength had a stronger correlation with POCUS-measured muscle thickness than with CT-derived SMI. To conclude, this study indicated a strong correlation between combined muscle thickness measurements performed by POCUS- and CT-derived SMI and measurements of muscle strength. These results suggest that handheld ultrasound is a valid tool for the assessment of skeletal muscle status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne N. M. Hogenbirk
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Alain R. Viddeleer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith E. K. R. Hentzen
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Y. van der Plas
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees P. van der Schans
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Center of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AS Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geertruida H. de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Schelto Kruijff
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost M. Klaase
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Cuff AR, Wiseman ALA, Bishop PJ, Michel KB, Gaignet R, Hutchinson JR. Anatomically grounded estimation of hindlimb muscle sizes in Archosauria. J Anat 2022; 242:289-311. [PMID: 36206401 PMCID: PMC9877486 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, active movement is driven by muscle forces acting on bones, either directly or through tendinous insertions. There has been much debate over how muscle size and force are reflected by the muscular attachment areas (AAs). Here we investigate the relationship between the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), a proxy for the force production of the muscle, and the AA of hindlimb muscles in Nile crocodiles and five bird species. The limbs were held in a fixed position whilst blunt dissection was carried out to isolate the individual muscles. AAs were digitised using a point digitiser, before the muscle was removed from the bone. Muscles were then further dissected and fibre architecture was measured, and PCSA calculated. The raw measures, as well as the ratio of PCSA to AA, were studied and compared for intra-observer error as well as intra- and interspecies differences. We found large variations in the ratio between AAs and PCSA both within and across species, but muscle fascicle lengths are conserved within individual species, whether this was Nile crocodiles or tinamou. Whilst a discriminant analysis was able to separate crocodylian and avian muscle data, the ratios for AA to cross-sectional area for all species and most muscles can be represented by a single equation. The remaining muscles have specific equations to represent their scaling, but equations often have a relatively high success at predicting the ratio of muscle AA to PCSA. We then digitised the muscle AAs of Coelophysis bauri, a dinosaur, to estimate the PCSAs and therefore maximal isometric muscle forces. The results are somewhat consistent with other methods for estimating force production, and suggest that, at least for some archosaurian muscles, that it is possible to use muscle AA to estimate muscle sizes. This method is complementary to other methods such as digital volumetric modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Cuff
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK,Human Anatomy Resource CentreUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Ashleigh L. A. Wiseman
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Peter J. Bishop
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK,Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeUSA,Geosciences ProgramQueensland MuseumBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Krijn B. Michel
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Raphäelle Gaignet
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - John R. Hutchinson
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
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29
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Knighton TW, Chalmers PN, Sulkar HJ, Aliaj K, Tashjian RZ, Henninger HB. Anatomic total shoulder glenoid component inclination affects glenohumeral kinetics during abduction: a cadaveric study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022; 31:2023-2033. [PMID: 35550434 PMCID: PMC9481675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although typically favorable in outcome, anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) can require long-term revision. The most common cause for revision is glenoid loosening, which may result from eccentric cyclic forces and joint translations. "Rocking" of the glenoid component may be exacerbated by the joint geometry, such as glenoid inclination and version. Restoration of premorbid glenoid inclination may be preferable, although laboratory and computational models indicate that both superior inclination and inferior inclination have benefits. This discrepancy may arise because previous studies were limited by a lack of physiological conditions to test inclination. Therefore, a cadaveric shoulder simulator with 3-dimensional human motion was used to study joint contact and muscle forces with isolated changes in glenoid inclination. METHODS Eight human cadaveric shoulders were tested before and after aTSA. Scapular-plane abduction kinematics from human subjects were used to drive a cadaveric shoulder simulator with 3-dimensional scapulothoracic and glenohumeral motion. Glenoid inclination was varied from -10° to +20°, whereas compressive, superior-inferior shear, and anterior-posterior shear forces were collected with a 6-df load cell during motion. Outputs also included muscle forces of the deltoid and rotator cuff. Data were evaluated with statistical parametric mapping repeated-measures analysis of variance and t tests. RESULTS Inferior glenoid inclination (-10°) reduced both compressive and superior-inferior shear forces vs. neutral 0° inclination by up to 40%, and even more when compared with superior inclination (P < .001). Superior inclinations (+10° and +20°) tended to increase deltoid and rotator cuff forces vs. neutral 0° inclination or inferior inclination, on the order of 20%-40% (P ≤ .045). All force metrics except anterior-posterior shear were lowest for inferior inclination. Most aTSA muscle forces for neutral 0° inclination were not significantly different from native shoulders and decreased 45% and 15% in the posterior deltoid and supraspinatus, respectively (P ≤ .003). Joint translations were similar to prior reports in aTSA patients and did not differ between any inclinations or compared with native shoulders. Joint reaction forces were similar to those observed in human subjects with instrumented aTSA implants, providing confidence in the relative magnitude of our results. CONCLUSIONS Inferior inclination reduces overall forces in the shoulder. Superior inclinations increase the muscle effort required for the shoulder to achieve similar motion, thus increasing the forces exerted on the glenoid component. These results suggest that a preference toward aTSA glenoid components in inferior inclination may reduce the likelihood of glenoid loosening by reducing excessive muscle and joint contact forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W Knighton
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peter N Chalmers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hema J Sulkar
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Klevis Aliaj
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert Z Tashjian
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Heath B Henninger
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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30
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Ao D, Vega MM, Shourijeh MS, Patten C, Fregly BJ. EMG-driven musculoskeletal model calibration with estimation of unmeasured muscle excitations via synergy extrapolation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:962959. [PMID: 36159690 PMCID: PMC9490010 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.962959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subject-specific electromyography (EMG)-driven musculoskeletal models that predict muscle forces have the potential to enhance our knowledge of internal biomechanics and neural control of normal and pathological movements. However, technical gaps in experimental EMG measurement, such as inaccessibility of deep muscles using surface electrodes or an insufficient number of EMG channels, can cause difficulties in collecting EMG data from muscles that contribute substantially to joint moments, thereby hindering the ability of EMG-driven models to predict muscle forces and joint moments reliably. This study presents a novel computational approach to address the problem of a small number of missing EMG signals during EMG-driven model calibration. The approach (henceforth called "synergy extrapolation" or SynX) linearly combines time-varying synergy excitations extracted from measured muscle excitations to estimate 1) unmeasured muscle excitations and 2) residual muscle excitations added to measured muscle excitations. Time-invariant synergy vector weights defining the contribution of each measured synergy excitation to all unmeasured and residual muscle excitations were calibrated simultaneously with EMG-driven model parameters through a multi-objective optimization. The cost function was formulated as a trade-off between minimizing joint moment tracking errors and minimizing unmeasured and residual muscle activation magnitudes. We developed and evaluated the approach by treating a measured fine wire EMG signal (iliopsoas) as though it were "unmeasured" for walking datasets collected from two individuals post-stroke-one high functioning and one low functioning. How well unmeasured muscle excitations and activations could be predicted with SynX was assessed quantitatively for different combinations of SynX methodological choices, including the number of synergies and categories of variability in unmeasured and residual synergy vector weights across trials. The two best methodological combinations were identified, one for analyzing experimental walking trials used for calibration and another for analyzing experimental walking trials not used for calibration or for predicting new walking motions computationally. Both methodological combinations consistently provided reliable and efficient estimates of unmeasured muscle excitations and activations, muscle forces, and joint moments across both subjects. This approach broadens the possibilities for EMG-driven calibration of muscle-tendon properties in personalized neuromusculoskeletal models and may eventually contribute to the design of personalized treatments for mobility impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ao
- Rice Computational Neuromechanics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marleny M. Vega
- Rice Computational Neuromechanics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mohammad S. Shourijeh
- Rice Computational Neuromechanics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carolynn Patten
- Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Neuroscience (BRaIN) Lab, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Fregly
- Rice Computational Neuromechanics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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31
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Englander ZA, Foody JN, Cutcliffe HC, Wittstein JR, Spritzer CE, DeFrate LE. Use of a Novel Multimodal Imaging Technique to Model In Vivo Quadriceps Force and ACL Strain During Dynamic Activity. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:2688-2697. [PMID: 35853157 PMCID: PMC9875882 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quadriceps loading of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) may play a role in the noncontact mechanism of ACL injury. Musculoskeletal modeling techniques are used to estimate the intrinsic force of the quadriceps acting at the knee joint. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this paper was to develop a novel musculoskeletal model of in vivo quadriceps force during dynamic activity. We used the model to estimate quadriceps force in relation to ACL strain during a single-leg jump. We hypothesized that quadriceps loading of the ACL would reach a local maximum before initial ground contact with the knee positioned in extension. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS Six male participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging in addition to high-speed biplanar radiography during a single-leg jump. Three-dimensional models of the knee joint, including the femur, tibia, patellofemoral cartilage surfaces, and attachment-site footprints of the patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and ACL, were created from the magnetic resonance imaging scans. The bone models were registered to the biplanar radiographs, thereby reproducing the positions of the knee joint at the time of radiographic imaging. The magnitude of quadriceps force was determined for each knee position based on a 3-dimensional balance of the forces and moments of the patellar tendon and the patellofemoral cartilage contact acting on the patella. Knee kinematics and ACL strain were determined for each knee position. RESULTS A local maximum in average quadriceps force of approximately 6500 N (8.4× body weight) occurred before initial ground contact. ACL strain increased concurrently with quadriceps force when the knee was positioned in extension. CONCLUSION This novel participant-specific modeling technique provides estimates of in vivo quadriceps force during physiologic dynamic loading. A local maximum in quadriceps force before initial ground contact may tension the ACL when the knee is positioned in extension. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data contribute to understanding noncontact ACL injury mechanisms and the potential role of quadriceps activation in these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë A. Englander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacqueline N. Foody
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hattie C. Cutcliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Louis E. DeFrate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Address correspondence to Louis E. DeFrate, ScD, Duke University Medical Center, Room 379, Medical Sciences Research Bldg, Box 3093, Durham, NC 27710, USA ()
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32
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Laurentino GC, Loenneke JP, Ugrinowitsch C, Aoki MS, Soares AG, Roschel H, Tricoli V. Blood-Flow-Restriction-Training-Induced Hormonal Response is not Associated with Gains in Muscle Size and Strength. J Hum Kinet 2022; 83:235-43. [PMID: 36157947 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether increases in post-exercise endocrine response to low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction and high-load resistance exercise would have association with increases in muscle size and strength after an 8-week training period. Twenty-nine untrained men were randomly allocated into three groups: low-load resistance exercise with (LL-BFR) or without blood flow restriction (LL), and high-load resistance exercise (HL). Participants from LL-BFR and LL groups performed leg extension exercise at 20% of one repetition maximum (1RM), four sets of 15 repetitions and the HL group performed four sets of eight repetitions at 80% 1RM. Before the first training session, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), testosterone, cortisol, and lactate concentration were measured at rest and 15 min after the exercise. Quadriceps CSA and 1RM knee extension were assessed at baseline and after an 8-week training period. GH increased 15 min after exercise in the LL-BFR (p = 0.032) and HL (p < 0.001) groups, with GH concentration in the HL group being higher than in the LL group (p = 0.010). There was a time effect for a decrease in testosterone (p = 0.042) and an increase in cortisol (p = 0.005), while IGF-1 remained unchanged (p = 0.346). Both muscle size and strength were increased after training in LL-BFR and HL groups, however, these changes were not associated with the acute post-exercise hormone levels (p > 0.05). Our data suggest that other mechanisms than the acute post-exercise increase in systemic hormones induced by LL-BFR and HL produce changes in muscle size and strength.
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33
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Alahmari SK, Shield AJ, Trajano GS. Effects of three neuromuscular electrical stimulation methods on muscle force production and neuromuscular fatigue. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1456-1463. [PMID: 35844045 PMCID: PMC9545897 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the acute responses of three neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) methods on muscle torque-time integral (TTI) and neuromuscular fatigue. Narrow-pulse (0.2 ms; NP), wide-pulse (1 ms; WP), and tendon vibration superimposed onto wide-pulse (WP + VIB)-NMES conditions were applied to sixteen healthy individuals (n = 16) in three separate sessions in a randomized order. Stimulation intensity was set to elicit 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC); the stimulus pattern comprised four sets of 20 repetitions (5 s On and 5 s Off) with a one-minute inter-set interval. TTI was measured for each NMES condition and MVC, voluntary activation (VA), peak twitch torque (Peaktwitch ), and peak soleus (EMGSOL ), medial (EMGMG ), and lateral gastrocnemius (EMGLG ) electromyography were measured before and immediately after each NMES condition. TTI was higher during WP + VIB (19.63 ± 6.34 MVC.s, mean difference = 3.66, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.501) than during WP (15.97 ± 4.79 MVC.s) condition. TTI was higher during WP + VIB (mean difference = 3.79, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.626) than during NP (15.84 ± 3.73 MVC.s) condition. MVC and Peaktwitch forces decreased (p ≤ 0.001) immediately after all conditions. No changes were observed for VA (p = 0.365). EMGSOL amplitude reduced (p = 0.040) only after NP, yet EMGLG and EMGMG amplitudes decreased immediately after all conditions (p = 0.003 and p = 0.013, respectively). WP + VIB produced a higher TTI than WP and NP-NMES, with similar amounts of neuromuscular fatigue across protocols. All NMES protocols induced similar amounts of peripheral fatigue and reduced EMG amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami K Alahmari
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University (TU), Taif, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthony J Shield
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
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34
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Hirata RP, Erbs AW, Gadsbøll E, Winther R, Christensen SH, Simonsen MB. A 3-Dimensional Gait Analysis of the Effects of Fatigue-Induced Reduced Foot Adductor Muscle Strength on the Walking of Healthy Subjects. J Appl Biomech 2022;:1-9. [PMID: 35894908 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the tibialis posterior muscle is the most common cause of adult acquired flat foot. Tibialis posterior muscle weakness has been observed in several patient populations, including those in the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the influence of tibialis posterior weakness on gait mechanics is not fully understood, although gait instability has been reported. In 24 healthy participants, 3-dimension lower limb kinematics and kinetics during walking were evaluated bilaterally, before and after, a muscle fatigue protocol aiming to decrease the right foot adductor muscles strength, including the tibialis posterior muscle. The 3-dimension gait kinematics and kinetics were analyzed with statistical parametric mapping. The stance phase duration was increased for the right side. The right ankle external rotation moment decreased, and the left hip extension moment increased with reduced muscle strength compared with normal strength conditions. These changes are similar in patients with dysfunction in the tibialis posterior muscle, indicating that compensatory strategies observed in these patients might be related to the loss of tibialis posterior muscle strength. Such strategies may involve the unaffected side.
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35
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DE Camargo JBB, Brigatto FA, Zaroni RS, Trindade TB, Germano MD, Junior ACT, DE Oliveira TP, Marchetti PH, Prestes J, Lopes CR. Manipulating Resistance Training Variables to Induce Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy: A Brief Narrative Review. Int J Exerc Sci 2022; 15:910-933. [PMID: 36157335 PMCID: PMC9458289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The regular practice of resistance training (RT) has been shown to induce relevant increases in both muscle strength and size. In order to maximize these adaptations, the proper manipulation of RT variables is warranted. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to review the available literature that has examined the application of the acute training variables and their influence on strength and morphological adaptations of healthy young adults. The information presented in this study may represent a relevant approach to proper training design. Therefore, strength and conditioning coaches may acquire a fundamental understanding of RT-variables and the relevance of their practical application within exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thiago Pires DE Oliveira
- Julio de Mesquita Filho" State University, Rio Claro, SP, BRAZIL
- Anhanguera University Center, Leme, SP, BRAZIL
- Claretiano University Center, Rio Claro, SP, BRAZIL
| | | | | | - Charles Ricardo Lopes
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, BRAZIL
- Faculty Adventist of Hortolândia, Hortolândia, SP, BRAZIL
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36
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Trevarrow MP, Taylor BK, Reelfs AM, Wilson TW, Kurz MJ. Aberrant movement-related somatosensory cortical activity mediates the extent of the mobility impairments in persons with cerebral palsy. J Physiol 2022; 600:3537-3548. [PMID: 35723200 PMCID: PMC9357205 DOI: 10.1113/jp282898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Persons with cerebral palsy (CP) have reduced somatosensory cortical responses at rest and during movement. The somatosensory cortical responses during movement mediate the relationship between the somatosensory cortical responses at rest and mobility. Persons with CP may have altered sensorimotor feedback that ultimately contributes to impaired mobility. ABSTRACT There are numerous clinical reports that persons with cerebral palsy (CP) have proprioceptive, stereognosis and tactile discrimination deficits. The current consensus is that these altered perceptions are attributable to aberrant somatosensory cortical activity. It has been inferred from these data that persons with CP do not adequately process ongoing sensory feedback during motor actions, which accentuates the extent of their mobility impairments. However, this hypothesis has yet to be directly tested. We used magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain imaging to address this knowledge gap by quantifying the somatosensory dynamics evoked by applying electrical stimulation to the tibial nerve in 22 persons with CP and 25 neurotypical (NT) controls while at rest and during an ankle plantarflexion isometric force motor task. We also quantified the spatiotemporal gait biomechanics of participants outside the scanner. Consistent with the literature, our results confirmed that the strength of somatosensory cortical activity was weaker in the persons with CP compared to the NT controls. Our results also showed that the strength of the somatosensory cortical responses were significantly weaker during the isometric ankle force task than at rest. Most importantly, our results showed that the strength of somatosensory cortical activity during the ankle plantarflexion force production task mediated the relationship between somatosensory cortical activity at rest and both walking velocity and step length. These results suggest that youth with CP have aberrant somatosensory cortical activity during isometric force generation, which ultimately contributes to the extent of mobility impairments seen in this patient population. Abstract figure legend Magnetoencephalographic brain imaging was used to determine the effect of sensory feedback during movement on mobility in persons with cerebral palsy. Persons with cerebral palsy had reduced somatosensory cortical activity at rest and during movement compared with their neurotypical peers. Further, the somatosensory cortical activity during movement mediated the relationship between somatosensory cortical activity at rest and mobility. These results indicate that difficulties in sensorimotor integration may contribute to the mobility impairments seen in this patient population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Trevarrow
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anna M Reelfs
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Max J Kurz
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
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37
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Santocildes G, Merino M, Fabiani F, Pagès T, Marotta M, Viscor G, Torrella JR. Histomorphological and functional contralateral symmetry in the gastrocnemius muscles of the laboratory rat. J Anat 2022; 241:692-701. [PMID: 35437750 PMCID: PMC9358741 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is usual in anatomical and physiological research to assess the effects of some intervention on extremities (e.g., training programmes or injury recovery protocols) using one muscle for the intervention and its contralateral as control. However, the existence of laterality (left‐handedness or right‐handedness) in athletes of different specialities is widely recognized. In rats, gastrocnemius is one of the muscles most widely used because of its importance in locomotion and high relative limb mass. Since we have not found studies reporting laterality assessment on the morphology and function in rat gastrocnemius, our study aimed to evaluate the fibre histochemical, morphometrical and muscle force contractile properties between right and left gastrocnemius of the laboratory rat. Fibre‐type proportion, fibre morphometrical measurements, muscle capillarization and muscle force properties were analysed in the right and left gastrocnemius of six male rats. No statistically significant differences (p = 0.265) were found in gastrocnemius to body weight ratio (‰) between right (6.55 ± 0.40) and left (6.49 ± 0.40) muscles. The muscles analysed showed a great degree of heterogeneity in fibre type distribution, having three clearly distinguished regions named red, mixed and white. In the three regions, there were no statistical differences in fibre type proportions between right and left gastrocnemius, as is indicated by the p‐values (from 0.203 to 0.941) obtained after running t‐Student paired tests for each fibre type. When analysing fibre cross‐sectional area, individual fibre capillarization and fibre circularity, no significant differences between right and left gastrocnemius in any of these morphometrical parameters were found in any muscle region or fibre type. Most of the p‐values (70%) resulting from running t‐Student paired tests were higher than 0.400, and the lowest p‐value was 0.115. Seemingly, global capillary and fibre densities were not statistically different between right and left sides in all muscle regions with p‐values ranging from 0.337 to 0.812. Force parameters normalized to gastrocnemius mass (mN g−1) did not show any significant difference between right (PF = 74.0 ± 13.4, TF = 219.4 ± 13.0) and left (PF = 70.9 ± 10.7, TF = 213.0 ± 18.0) muscles with p = 0.623 (PF) and p = 0.514 (TF). Twitch time parameters (ms) also lacked significant differences between the two sides (CT: 43.4 ± 8.6 vs. 45.0 ± 14.3, p = 0.639; HRT: 77.6 ± 15.0 vs. 82.3 ± 25.3, p = 0.475). Finally, both muscles also showed similar (p = 0.718) fatigue properties. We did find an absence of laterality at the morphological and functional levels, which raises the possibility of using right and left gastrocnemius muscles interchangeably for experimental designs where one muscle is used to analyse data after a physiological intervention and its contralateral muscle plays the control role, thus allowing unbiased paired comparisons to derive accurate conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garoa Santocildes
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Merino
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federica Fabiani
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Pagès
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Marotta
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Ramon Torrella
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ngo C, Munoz C, Lueken M, Hülkenberg A, Bollheimer C, Briko A, Kobelev A, Shchukin S, Leonhardt S. A Wearable, Multi-Frequency Device to Measure Muscle Activity Combining Simultaneous Electromyography and Electrical Impedance Myography. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22051941. [PMID: 35271088 PMCID: PMC8914780 DOI: 10.3390/s22051941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The detection of muscle contraction and the estimation of muscle force are essential tasks in robot-assisted rehabilitation systems. The most commonly used method to investigate muscle contraction is surface electromyography (EMG), which, however, shows considerable disadvantages in predicting the muscle force, since unpredictable factors may influence the detected force but not necessarily the EMG data. Electrical impedance myography (EIM) investigates the change in electrical impedance during muscle activities and is another promising technique to investigate muscle functions. This paper introduces the design, development, and evaluation of a device that performs EMG and EIM simultaneously for more robust measurement of muscle conditions subject to artifacts. The device is light, wearable, and wireless and has a modular design, in which the EMG, EIM, micro-controller, and communication modules are stacked and interconnected through connectors. As a result, the EIM module measures the bioimpedance between 20 and 200 Ω with an error of less than 5% at 140 SPS. The settling time during the calibration phase of this module is less than 1000 ms. The EMG module captures the spectrum of the EMG signal between 20–150 Hz at 1 kSPS with an SNR of 67 dB. The micro-controller and communication module builds an ARM-Cortex M3 micro-controller which reads and transfers the captured data every 1 ms over RF (868 Mhz) with a baud rate of 500 kbps to a receptor connected to a PC. Preliminary measurements on a volunteer during leg extension, walking, and sit-to-stand showed the potential of the system to investigate muscle function by combining simultaneous EMG and EIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuong Ngo
- Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.M.); (M.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-8023513
| | - Carlos Munoz
- Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.M.); (M.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Markus Lueken
- Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.M.); (M.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Alfred Hülkenberg
- Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.M.); (M.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
| | | | - Andrey Briko
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexander Kobelev
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Shchukin
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Steffen Leonhardt
- Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.M.); (M.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
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Chihi I, Sidhom L, Kamavuako EN. Hammerstein-Wiener Multimodel Approach for Fast and Efficient Muscle Force Estimation from EMG Signals. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:bios12020117. [PMID: 35200377 PMCID: PMC8870134 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper develops a novel approach to characterise muscle force from electromyography (EMG) signals, which are the electric activities generated by muscles. Based on the nonlinear Hammerstein-Wiener model, the first part of this study outlines the estimation of different sub-models to mimic diverse force profiles. The second part fixes the appropriate sub-models of a multimodel library and computes the contribution of sub-models to estimate the desired force. Based on a pre-existing dataset, the obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach to estimate muscle force from EMG signals with reasonable accuracy. The coefficient of determination ranges from 0.6568 to 0.9754 using the proposed method compared with a range of 0.5060 to 0.9329 using an artificial neural network (ANN), generating significantly different accuracy (p < 0.03). Results imply that the use of multimodel approach can improve the accuracy in proportional control of prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Chihi
- Department of Engineering, Campus Kirchberg, Faculté des Sciences, des Technologies et de Médecine, Université du Luxembourg, 1359 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Lilia Sidhom
- Laboratory of Energy Applications and Renewable Energy Efficiency (LAPER), El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Ernest Nlandu Kamavuako
- Department of Engineering, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kindu, Kindu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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40
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Feger MA, Isaacs J, Mallu S, Yager D, Shall M, Patel G, Protzuk O, Bokkisam AS. Follistatin Protein Enhances Satellite Cell Counts in Reinnervated Muscle. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2022; 17:e12-e21. [PMID: 35747585 PMCID: PMC9213116 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Muscle recovery following peripheral nerve repair is sup-optimal. Follistatin (FST), a potent muscle stimulant, enhances muscle size and satellite cell counts following reinnervation when administered as recombinant FST DNA via viral vectors. Local administration of recombinant FST protein, if effective, would be more clinically translatable but has yet to be investigated following muscle reinnervation.
Objective
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of direct delivery of recombinant FST protein on muscle recovery following muscle reinnervation.
Materials and Methods
In total, 72 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent temporary (3 or 6 months) denervation or sham denervation. After reinnervation, rats received FST protein (isoform FS-288) or sham treatment via a subcutaneous osmotic pump delivery system. Outcome measures included muscle force, muscle histomorphology, and FST protein quantification.
Results
Follistatin treatment resulted in smaller muscles after 3 months denervation (
p
= 0.019) and reduced force after 3 months sham denervation (
p
< 0.001). Conversely, after 6 months of denervation, FST treatment trended toward increased force output (
p
= 0.066). Follistatin increased satellite cell counts after denervation (
p
< 0.001) but reduced satellite cell counts after sham denervation (
p
= 0.037).
Conclusion
Follistatin had mixed effects on muscle weight and force. Direct FST protein delivery enhanced satellite cell counts following reinnervation. The positive effect on the satellite cell population is intriguing and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Feger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jonathan Isaacs
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Satya Mallu
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Dorne Yager
- Divison of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Mary Shall
- Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Gaurangkumar Patel
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Omar Protzuk
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Akhil S Bokkisam
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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41
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Peixoto DL, DE Castro BM, Macedo AG, Urtado CB, Lima PS, Leite RD, Navalta JW, Prestes J. Muscle Daily Undulating Periodization for Strength and Body Composition: The Proposal of a New Model. Int J Exerc Sci 2022; 15:206-220. [PMID: 36895841 PMCID: PMC9987427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The traditional linear periodization model is designed for modifications to be performed over several weeks, whereas alterations in the undulating model are applied on a more frequent basis. The study investigated a novel periodization scheme, the muscle daily undulating periodization model (mDUP). Thirty-seven men were randomly assigned into 2 groups: (a) a group that performed 12 weeks of daily undulating periodization with fix overload (DUP-F) resistance training (n = 19) and (b) a group that performed 12-weeks of muscle daily undulating periodization with variation overload (mDUP) (n = 18). Body composition and strength assessments (muscular endurance and one repetition maximum [1 RM] for barbell bench press, 45º leg press, lat pull down, and standing arm curl) were completed before and after the program. Two-way MANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare groups with significance set at p<0.05. There were no differences between periodization programs for anthropometric variables (p > 0.05, η2p = 0.04), but improvement was noted over time (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.60). No differences were observed between periodization programs for strength (p > 0.05, η2p = 0.056), but strength increased over time (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.95). Similarly, no muscular endurance differences were seen between periodization programs (p > 0.05, η2p = 0.15), but measures increased over time (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.60). When it comes to body composition, muscle strength, and muscle endurance, the present study provides evidence that both periodization models displayed similar results, with more evident improvements in strength. Thus, it seems pertinent to consider this new periodization model plausible for RT practitioners in order to achieve new adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Peixoto
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BRAZIL
| | - Bruno M DE Castro
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BRAZIL
| | - Anderson G Macedo
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Julio Mesquita de Filho Paulista State University, Bauru, BRAZIL
| | - Christiano B Urtado
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhao, Sao Luis, BRAZIL
| | - Paulo S Lima
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhao, Sao Luis, BRAZIL
| | - Richard D Leite
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, BRAZIL
| | - James W Navalta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BRAZIL
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42
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Saito T, Ogihara N, Takei T, Seki K. Musculoskeletal Modeling and Inverse Dynamic Analysis of Precision Grip in the Japanese Macaque. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:774596. [PMID: 34955770 PMCID: PMC8693514 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.774596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Toward clarifying the biomechanics and neural mechanisms underlying coordinated control of the complex hand musculoskeletal system, we constructed an anatomically based musculoskeletal model of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) hand, and then estimated the muscle force of all the hand muscles during a precision grip task using inverse dynamic calculation. The musculoskeletal model was constructed from a computed tomography scan of one adult male macaque cadaver. The hand skeleton was modeled as a chain of rigid links connected by revolute joints. The path of each muscle was defined as a series of points connected by line segments. Using this anatomical model and a model-based matching technique, we constructed 3D hand kinematics during the precision grip task from five simultaneous video recordings. Specifically, we collected electromyographic and kinematic data from one adult male Japanese macaque during the precision grip task and two sequences of the precision grip task were analyzed based on inverse dynamics. Our estimated muscular force patterns were generally in agreement with simultaneously measured electromyographic data. Direct measurement of muscle activations for all the muscles involved in the precision grip task is not feasible, but the present inverse dynamic approach allows estimation for all the hand muscles. Although some methodological limitations certainly exist, the constructed model analysis framework has potential in clarifying the biomechanics and neural control of manual dexterity in macaques and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Ogihara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takei
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seki
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Gil-Melgosa L, Grasa J, Urbiola A, Llombart R, Susaeta Ruiz M, Montiel V, Ederra C, Calvo B, Ariz M, Ripalda-Cemborain P, Prosper F, Ortiz-de-Solórzano C, Pons-Villanueva J, Pérez Ruiz A. Muscular and Tendon Degeneration after Achilles Rupture: New Insights into Future Repair Strategies. Biomedicines 2021; 10:19. [PMID: 35052699 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendon rupture is a frequent injury with an increasing incidence. After clinical surgical repair, aimed at suturing the tendon stumps back into their original position, the repaired Achilles tendon is often plastically deformed and mechanically less strong than the pre-injured tissue, with muscle fatty degeneration contributing to function loss. Despite clinical outcomes, pre-clinical research has mainly focused on tendon structural repair, with a lack of knowledge regarding injury progression from tendon to muscle and its consequences on muscle degenerative/regenerative processes and function. Here, we characterize the morphological changes in the tendon, the myotendinous junction and muscle belly in a mouse model of Achilles tendon complete rupture, finding cellular and fatty infiltration, fibrotic tissue accumulation, muscle stem cell decline and collagen fiber disorganization. We use novel imaging technologies to accurately relate structural alterations in tendon fibers to pathological changes, which further explain the loss of muscle mechanical function after tendon rupture. The treatment of tendon injuries remains a challenge for orthopedics. Thus, the main goal of this study is to bridge the gap between clinicians’ knowledge and research to address the underlying pathophysiology of ruptured Achilles tendon and its consequences in the gastrocnemius. Such studies are necessary if current practices in regenerative medicine for Achilles tendon ruptures are to be improved.
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44
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Hyman SA, Wu IT, Vasquez-Bolanos LS, Norman MB, Esparza MC, Bremner SN, Dorn SN, Ramirez I, Fithian DC, Lane JG, Singh A, Ward SR. Supraspinatus muscle architecture and physiology in a rabbit model of tenotomy and repair. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1708-1717. [PMID: 34647843 PMCID: PMC8828274 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01119.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rotator cuff tears can cause severe functional deficits. Addressing the chronic fatty and fibrotic muscle changes is of high clinical interest; however, the architectural and physiological consequences of chronic tear and repair are poorly characterized. We present a detailed architectural and physiological analysis of chronic tear and repair (both over 8 and 16 wk) compared with age-matched control rabbit supraspinatus (SSP) muscles. Using female New Zealand White Rabbits (n = 30, n = 6/group) under 2% isoflurane anesthesia, the SSP was surgically isolated and maximum isometric force was measured at four to six muscle lengths. Architectural analysis was performed, and maximum isometric stress was computed. Whole muscle length-tension curves were generated using architectural measurements to compare experimental physiology to theoretical predictions. Architectural measures are consistent with persistent radial and longitudinal atrophy over time in tenotomy that fails to recover after repair. Maximum isometric force was significantly decreased after 16 wk tenotomy and not significantly improved after repair. Peak isometric force reported here are greater than prior reports of rabbit SSP force after tenotomy. Peak stress was not significantly different between groups and consistent with prior literature of SSP stress. Muscle strain during contraction was significantly decreased after 8 wk of tenotomy and repair, indicating effects of tear and repair on muscle function. The experimental length-tension data were overlaid with predicted curves for each experimental group (generated from structural data), exposing the altered structure-function relationship for tenotomy and repair over time. Data presented here contribute to understanding the physiological implications of disease and repair in the rotator cuff.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We utilize an established method to measure the length-tension relationship for the rabbit supraspinatus in normal, torn, and repaired muscles. We then perform architectural analysis to evaluate structural changes after tear and repair. Although peak isometric force is lower in the tear and repair groups, there are no differences in peak stresses across groups. These findings indicate persistent structural changes (both radial and longitudinal atrophy) and physiological deficiencies (decreased peak force and uncoupling structure-function relationship) after tenotomy that do not significantly recover after repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydnee A Hyman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Isabella T Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Laura S Vasquez-Bolanos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Mackenzie B Norman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
- Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Mary C Esparza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shannon N Bremner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shanelle N Dorn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ivan Ramirez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Donald C Fithian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - John G Lane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Anshuman Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California
| | - Samuel R Ward
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California
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45
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Kalakoutis M, Di Giulio I, Douiri A, Ochala J, Harridge SDR, Woledge RC. Methodological considerations in measuring specific force in human single skinned muscle fibres. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13719. [PMID: 34286921 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemically skinned fibres allow the study of human muscle contractile function in vitro. A particularly important parameter is specific force (SF), that is, maximal isometric force divided by cross-sectional area, representing contractile quality. Although SF varies substantially between studies, the magnitude and cause of this variability remains puzzling. Here, we aimed to summarize and explore the cause of variability in SF between studies. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases in June 2020, yielding 137 data sets from 61 publications which studied healthy, young adults. Five-fold differences in mean SF data were observed. Adjustments to the reported data for key methodological differences allowed between-study comparisons to be made. However, adjustment for fibre shape, swelling and sarcomere length failed to significantly reduce SF variance (I2 = 96%). Interestingly, grouping papers based on shared authorship did reveal consistency within research groups. In addition, lower SF was found to be associated with higher phosphocreatine concentrations in the fibre activating solution and with Triton X-100 being used as a skinning agent. Although the analysis showed variance across the literature, the ratio of SF in single fibres containing myosin heavy chain isoforms IIA or I was found to be consistent across research groups. In conclusion, whilst the skinned fibre technique is reliable for studying in vitro force generation of single fibres, the composition of the solution used to activate fibres, which differs between research groups, is likely to heavily influence SF values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaeljohn Kalakoutis
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Abdel Douiri
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences King’s College London London UK
| | - Julien Ochala
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Stephen D. R. Harridge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Roger C. Woledge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
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46
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Holmes M, Taylor AB. The influence of jaw-muscle fibre-type phenotypes on estimating maximum muscle and bite forces in primates. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20210009. [PMID: 34938437 PMCID: PMC8361599 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous anthropological studies have been aimed at estimating jaw-adductor muscle forces, which, in turn, are used to estimate bite force. While primate jaw adductors show considerable intra- and intermuscular heterogeneity in fibre types, studies generally model jaw-muscle forces by treating the jaw adductors as either homogeneously slow or homogeneously fast muscles. Here, we provide a novel extension of such studies by integrating fibre architecture, fibre types and fibre-specific tensions to estimate maximum muscle forces in the masseter and temporalis of five anthropoid primates: Sapajus apella (N = 3), Cercocebus atys (N = 4), Macaca fascicularis (N = 3), Gorilla gorilla (N = 1) and Pan troglodytes (N = 2). We calculated maximum muscle forces by proportionally adjusting muscle physiological cross-sectional areas by their fibre types and associated specific tensions. Our results show that the jaw adductors of our sample ubiquitously express MHC α-cardiac, which has low specific tension, and hybrid fibres. We find that treating the jaw adductors as either homogeneously slow or fast muscles potentially overestimates average maximum muscle forces by as much as approximately 44%. Including fibre types and their specific tensions is thus likely to improve jaw-muscle and bite force estimates in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Holmes
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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47
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Buehler C, Koller W, De Comtes F, Kainz H. Quantifying Muscle Forces and Joint Loading During Hip Exercises Performed With and Without an Elastic Resistance Band. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:695383. [PMID: 34497999 PMCID: PMC8419330 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.695383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in hip joint contact forces (HJCFs) is one of the main contributing mechanical causes of hip joint pathologies, such as hip osteoarthritis, and its progression. The strengthening of the surrounding muscles of the joint is a way to increase joint stability, which results in the reduction of HJCF. Most of the exercise recommendations are based on expert opinions instead of evidence-based facts. This study aimed to quantify muscle forces and joint loading during rehabilitative exercises using an elastic resistance band (ERB). Hip exercise movements of 16 healthy volunteers were recorded using a three-dimensional motion capture system and two force plates. All exercises were performed without and with an ERB and two execution velocities. Hip joint kinematics, kinetics, muscle forces, and HJCF were calculated based on the musculoskeletal simulations in OpenSim. Time-normalized waveforms of the different exercise modalities were compared with each other and with reference values found during walking. The results showed that training with an ERB increases both target muscle forces and HJCF. Furthermore, the ERB reduced the hip joint range of motion during the exercises. The type of ERB used (soft vs. stiff ERB) and the execution velocity of the exercise had a minor impact on the peak muscle forces and HJCF. The velocity of exercise execution, however, had an influence on the total required muscle force. Performing hip exercises without an ERB resulted in similar or lower peak HJCF and lower muscle forces than those found during walking. Adding an ERB during hip exercises increased the peak muscle and HJCF but the values remained below those found during walking. Our workflow and findings can be used in conjunction with future studies to support exercise design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Buehler
- Neuromechanics Research Group, Department of Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Computer Science in Sport, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Willi Koller
- Neuromechanics Research Group, Department of Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Computer Science in Sport, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florentina De Comtes
- Neuromechanics Research Group, Department of Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Computer Science in Sport, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Kainz
- Neuromechanics Research Group, Department of Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Computer Science in Sport, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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48
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Sørensen H, Skalshøi O, Nielsen DB, Jacobsen JS, Søballe K, Mechlenburg I. Hip muscle and joint contact forces before, 6 and 12 months after minimally invasive periacetabular osteotomy. Hip Int 2021; 31:676-682. [PMID: 32366122 DOI: 10.1177/1120700020925411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on different periacetabular osteotomy approaches for correction of hip dysplasia disagree on the time course of normalisation of muscle function postoperatively, some stating that especially hip flexor function is not fully normalised after 12 months. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate hip function during walking before, and 6 and 12 months after minimally invasive periacetabular osteotomy. METHODS Using conventional 3D inverse dynamics followed by static optimisation, we calculated hip net joint moment and angular impulse, as well as individual muscle forces and hip joint contact force, during walking for 32 patients with hip dysplasia and 32 matched controls. RESULTS None of the extensor and abductor measures were significantly different between controls and patients tested preoperatively, nor between any of the 3 time points patients were tested. For all of the flexor measures, patients' preoperative values were lower than controls', but had increased to values above the controls 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION Hip muscle function during walking seemed normalised after 6 months after minimally invasive periacetabular osteotomy, while joint contact force did not fully normalise until 12 months postoperatively, perhaps because the hip joint structures need a longer time to heal than the muscles and a potential pain alleviating strategy was still in effect. TRIAL REGISTRY Movement pattern in patients with hip dysplasia https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01344421, NCT01344421.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Sørensen
- Department of Public Health - Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Skalshøi
- Department of Public Health - Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dennis Brandborg Nielsen
- Department of Public Health - Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Sandell Jacobsen
- Department of Physiotherapy and Centre for Research in Welfare Technology and Health, Programme for Rehabilitation, VIA University College, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Søballe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Inger Mechlenburg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Denmark
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49
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Marshall PW, Finn HT, Enoka RM. Declines in muscle contractility and activation during isometric contractions of the knee extensors vary with contraction intensity and exercise volume. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2096-2106. [PMID: 34411379 DOI: 10.1113/ep089788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is there a critical threshold beyond which the loss of muscle contractility is regulated by the level of muscle activation during single-limb exercise of differing intensities and volumes? What is the main finding and its importance? Plateaus in the decline in muscle contractility during single-limb knee extension depended on both exercise volume and contraction intensity. A plateau was only evident with an increase in exercise volume. Muscle activation increased and did not decline despite substantial reductions in contractility. The findings indicate that the decrease in muscle contractility exhibited by resistance-trained men during the performance of submaximal isometric contractions with the knee extensors was not regulated by the level of muscle activation. ABSTRACT Our study examined the influence of contraction intensity and exercise volume on changes in muscle contractility and activation of the knee extensor muscles. Maximal voluntary torque (MVT) and rate of change in torque, surface electromyograms, voluntary activation, V-waves and quadriceps resting twitch measures were assessed in 10 resistance-trained men during two experimental sessions. Each session began with an initial baseline series of contractions at a fixed intensity of 40% or 80% MVT. The 40%-only session continued with five contractions to task failure at 40% MVT. The 80% session continued with five contractions to failure each at 80%, 60% and 40% MVT. Greater reductions in MVT were observed during the baseline contractions of the 40%-only session compared with the 80% session at each matched-volume time point (P < 0.05), with similar changes in twitch values (P < 0.001). MVT and twitch values plateaued at each intensity during the 80% session and were significantly different across intensities: 80% > 60% > 40% (P < 0.001). There were no differences for measures during the five contractions at 40% MVT performed on the different days, despite a greater volume of exercise performed prior to the 40% MVT during the 80% session. At each contraction intensity, a plateau in contractility loss was observed as more contractions were performed. We found that initial increases in muscle activation were maintained in the presence of increases in exercise volume and, in contrast to the critical-threshold hypothesis, did not decline in parallel with reductions in muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Marshall
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Human Performance Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Harrison T Finn
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roger M Enoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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50
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de Aquino Resende M, Aidar FJ, Vasconcelos Resende RB, Reis GC, de Oliveira Barros L, de Matos DG, Marçal AC, de Almeida-Neto PF, Díaz-de-Durana AL, Merino-Fernández M, Vilaça-Alves J, de Araújo Tinoco Cabral BG, Neves EB, Reis VM, Clemente FM, Garrido ND. Are Strength Indicators and Skin Temperature Affected by the Type of Warm-Up in Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:923. [PMID: 34442060 PMCID: PMC8392281 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different types of warm-ups on the strength and skin temperature of Paralympic powerlifting athletes. (2) Methods: the participants were 15 male Paralympic powerlifting athletes. The effects of three different types of warm-up (without warm-up (WW), traditional warm-up (TW), or stretching warm-up (SW)) were analyzed on static and dynamic strength tests as well as in the skin temperature, which was monitored by thermal imaging. (3) Results: no differences in the dynamic and static indicators of the force were shown in relation to the different types of warm-ups. No significant differences were found in relation to peak torque (p = 0.055, F = 4.560, η2p = 0.246 medium effect), and one-repetition maximum (p = 0.139, F = 3.191, η2p = 0.186, medium effect) between the different types of warm-ups. In the thermographic analysis, there was a significant difference only in the pectoral muscle clavicular portion between the TW (33.04 ± 0.71 °C) and the WW (32.51 ± 0.74 °C) (p = 0.038). The TW method also presented slightly higher values than the SW and WW in the pectoral muscles sternal portion and the deltoid anterior portion, but with p-value > 0.05. (4) Conclusions: the types of warm-ups studied do not seem to interfere with the performance of Paralympic Powerlifting athletes. However, the thermal images showed that traditional warm-up best meets the objectives expected for this preparation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Aquino Resende
- Department of Physical Education, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil; (M.d.A.R.); (R.B.V.R.); (G.C.R.)
| | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao 49100-000, Brazil; (F.J.A.); (L.d.O.B.); (D.G.d.M.); (A.C.M.)
- Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao 49100-000, Brazil
- Program of Physiological Science, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao 49100-000, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Gracielle Costa Reis
- Department of Physical Education, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil; (M.d.A.R.); (R.B.V.R.); (G.C.R.)
| | - Layanne de Oliveira Barros
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao 49100-000, Brazil; (F.J.A.); (L.d.O.B.); (D.G.d.M.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Dihogo Gama de Matos
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao 49100-000, Brazil; (F.J.A.); (L.d.O.B.); (D.G.d.M.); (A.C.M.)
- Cardiovascular & Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao 49100-000, Brazil; (F.J.A.); (L.d.O.B.); (D.G.d.M.); (A.C.M.)
- Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, Brazil; (P.F.d.A.-N.); (B.G.d.A.T.C.)
| | - Alfonso López Díaz-de-Durana
- Sports Department, Physical Activity and Sports Faculty-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Merino-Fernández
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Vilaça-Alves
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Trás os Montes and Alto Douro University, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.V.-A.); (V.M.R.)
| | | | - Eduardo Borba Neves
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil;
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Trás os Montes and Alto Douro University, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.V.-A.); (V.M.R.)
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Coilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Domingos Garrido
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Trás os Montes and Alto Douro University, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.V.-A.); (V.M.R.)
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