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Mozaffaritabar S, Koltai E, Zhou L, Bori Z, Kolonics A, Kujach S, Gu Y, Koike A, Boros A, Radák Z. PGC-1α activation boosts exercise-dependent cellular response in the skeletal muscle. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:329-335. [PMID: 38261146 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The role of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator alpha (PGC-1α) in fat metabolism is not well known. In this study, we compared the mechanisms of muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression and exercise-related adaptation-dependent fat metabolism. PGC-1α trained (PGC-1α Ex) and wild-trained (wt-ex) mice were trained for 10 weeks, five times a week at 30 min per day with 60 percent of their maximal running capacity. The PGC-1α overexpressed animals exhibited higher levels of Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK-α), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Lon protease homolog 1 (LONP1), citrate synthase (CS), succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A (SDHA), Mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41), and Phosphatidylcholine Cytidylyltransferase 2 (PCYT2), and lower levels of Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) compared to wild-type animals. Exercise training increased the protein content levels of SIRT1, HSL, and ATGL in both the wt-ex and PGC-1α trained groups. PGC-1α has a complex role in cellular signaling, including the upregulation of lipid metabolism-associated proteins. Our data reveals that although exercise training mimics the effects of PGC-1α overexpression, it incorporates some PGC-1α-independent adaptive mechanisms in fat uptake and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Mozaffaritabar
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lei Zhou
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Bori
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kolonics
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sylwester Kujach
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology and Neuroinformatics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Atsuko Koike
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Boros
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary.
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
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Xiang L, Gu Y, Shim V, Yeung T, Wang A, Fernandez J. A hybrid statistical morphometry free-form deformation approach to 3D personalized foot-ankle models. J Biomech 2024; 168:112120. [PMID: 38677027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Foot and ankle joint models are widely used in the biomechanics community for musculoskeletal and finite element analysis. However, personalizing a foot and ankle joint model is highly time-consuming in terms of medical image collection and data processing. This study aims to develop and evaluate a framework for constructing a comprehensive 3D foot model that integrates statistical shape modeling (SSM) with free-form deformation (FFD) of internal bones. The SSM component is derived from external foot surface scans (skin measurements) of 50 participants, utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) to capture the variance in foot shapes. The derived surface shapes from SSM then guide the FFD process to accurately reconstruct the internal bone structures. The workflow accuracy was established by comparing three model-generated foot models against corresponding skin and bone geometries manually segmented and not part of the original training set. We used the top ten principal components representing 85 % of the population variation to create the model. For prediction validation, the average Dice similarity coefficient, Hausdorff distance error, and root mean square error were 0.92 ± 0.01, 2.2 ± 0.19 mm, and 2.95 ± 0.23 mm for soft tissues, and 0.84 ± 0.03, 1.83 ± 0.1 mm, and 2.36 ± 0.12 mm for bones, respectively. This study presents an efficient approach for 3D personalized foot model reconstruction via SSM generation of the foot surface that informs bone reconstruction based on FFD. The proposed workflow is part of the open-source Musculoskeletal Atlas Project linked to OpenSim and makes it feasible to accurately generate foot models informed by population anatomy, and suitable for rigid body analysis and finite element simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xiang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Vickie Shim
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ted Yeung
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan Wang
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Center for Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Xu P, Gu Y, Sun D. Gastrointestinal: Eosinophilic peritonitis, an uncommon presentation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024. [PMID: 38634430 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- P Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ayaz A, Gu Y. Macromorphological and foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of Lilium rosthornii (Liliaceae): Implications for morphological adaptations and taxonomic significance. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38623772 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This research is to examine the macromorphological and foliar epidermal anatomical features of Lilium rosthornii Diels and its ability to plastically adapt to environmental forces, which is crucial for its taxonomic classification. L. rosthornii has macromorphological characteristics such as linear to lanceolate leaves of up to 20 cm in length and 2-3 cm in breadth, grouped in a whorled pattern. The blooms are voluminous and conspicuous, measuring up to 15 cm in diameter and are supported by a towering stalk that grows up to 1 m in height. The foliar epidermal structure of L. rosthornii exhibits a stomatal length of 82.02 ± 5.77 μm and a width of 29.19 ± 1.39 μm. These measurements suggest that the plant's stomata are influenced by its ploidy levels and may serve as adaptive mechanisms to enhance water consumption efficiency. The leaf structure shows a significant thickness of 398.74 ± 97.96 μm, which might potentially contribute to its ability to withstand environmental challenges. Additionally, the presence of defensive adaptations in the top and lower epidermal layers further supports this observation. The palisade tissue measurement (58.87 ± 9.56 m) and spongy tissue measurement (32.42 ± 12.72 μm) indicate a potential for photosynthetic optimization. Furthermore, there is a possible correlation between the vascular bundle width (28.15 ± 6.52 °m) and the efficiency of nutrition delivery. The results of this study emphasize the notable diversity in the foliar structures of L. rosthornii, offering valuable understanding of its morphological adaptations that have ecological and taxonomic significance. The findings provide a deeper comprehension of the potential impact of anatomical characteristics on plant function and categorization, hence providing significant insights to the domain of plant morphology and systematics. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Examines Lilium rosthornii's anatomical features and environmental adaptability for taxonomic relevance. Leaf thickness and epidermal defenses indicate resilience to environmental stress. Highlights the diversity in L. rosthornii's foliar structures, with implications for ecological and taxonomic significance Offers insights into the impact of anatomical characteristics on plant function and classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ayaz
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Gao X, Xu D, Baker JS, Ee-Chon T, Liang M, Gu Y. Exploring biomechanical variations in ankle joint injuries among Latin dancers with different stance patterns: utilizing OpenSim musculoskeletal models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1359337. [PMID: 38659647 PMCID: PMC11039862 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1359337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Dancers represent the primary demographic affected by ankle joint injuries. In certain movements, some Latin dancers prefer landing on the Forefoot (FT), while others prefer landing on the Entire foot (ET). Different stance patterns can have varying impacts on dancers' risk of ankle joint injuries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in lower limb biomechanics between Forefoot (FT) dancers and Entire foot (ET) dancers. Method: A group of 21 FT dancers (mean age 23.50 (S.D. 1.12) years) was compared to a group of 21 ET dancers (mean age 23.33 (S.D. 0.94) years), performing the kicking movements of the Jive in response to the corresponding music. We import data collected from Vicon and force plates into OpenSim to establish musculoskeletal models for computing kinematics, dynamics, muscle forces, and muscle co-activation. Result: In the sagittal plane: ankle angle (0%-100%, p < 0.001), In the coronal plane: ankle angle (0%-9.83%, p = 0.001) (44.34%-79.52%, p = 0.003), (88.56%-100%, p = 0.037), ankle velocity (3.73%-11.65%, p = 0.017) (94.72-100%, p = 0.031); SPM analysis revealed that FT dancers exhibited significantly smaller muscle force than ET dancers around the ankle joint during the stance phase. Furthermore, FT dancers displayed reduced co-activation compared to ET dancers around the ankle joint during the descending phase, while demonstrating higher co-activation around the knee joint than ET dancers. Conclusion: This study biomechanically demonstrates that in various stance patterns within Latin dance, a reduction in lower limb stance area leads to weakened muscle strength and reduced co-activation around the ankle joint, and results in increased ankle inversion angles and velocities, thereby heightening the risk of ankle sprains. Nevertheless, the increased co-activation around the knee joint in FT dancers may be a compensatory response for reducing the lower limb stance area in order to maintain stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Gao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Datao Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | | | - Teo Ee-Chon
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minjun Liang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Xiang L, Gao Z, Wang A, Shim V, Fekete G, Gu Y, Fernandez J. Rethinking running biomechanics: a critical review of ground reaction forces, tibial bone loading, and the role of wearable sensors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1377383. [PMID: 38650752 PMCID: PMC11033368 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1377383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive review of the correlation between tibial acceleration (TA), ground reaction forces (GRF), and tibial bone loading, emphasizing the critical role of wearable sensor technology in accurately measuring these biomechanical forces in the context of running. This systematic review and meta-analysis searched various electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect) to identify relevant studies. It critically evaluates existing research on GRF and tibial acceleration (TA) as indicators of running-related injuries, revealing mixed findings. Intriguingly, recent empirical data indicate only a marginal link between GRF, TA, and tibial bone stress, thus challenging the conventional understanding in this field. The study also highlights the limitations of current biomechanical models and methodologies, proposing a paradigm shift towards more holistic and integrated approaches. The study underscores wearable sensors' potential, enhanced by machine learning, in transforming the monitoring, prevention, and rehabilitation of running-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xiang
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zixiang Gao
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Alan Wang
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Center for Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vickie Shim
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gusztáv Fekete
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Ayaz A, Zaman W, Radák Z, Gu Y. Harmony in Motion: Unraveling the Nexus of Sports, Plant-Based Nutrition, and Antioxidants for Peak Performance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:437. [PMID: 38671884 PMCID: PMC11047508 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between plant-based nutrition, antioxidants, and their impact on athletic performance forms the cornerstone of this comprehensive review. Emphasizing the pivotal importance of dietary choices in the realm of sports, this paper sets the stage for an in-depth exploration of how stress and physical performance are interconnected through the lens of nutrition. The increasing interest among athletes in plant-based diets presents an opportunity with benefits for health, performance, and recovery. It is essential to investigate the connection between sports, plants, and antioxidants. Highlighting the impact of nutrition on recovery and well-being, this review emphasizes how antioxidants can help mitigate oxidative stress. Furthermore, it discusses the growing popularity of plant-based diets among athletes. It elaborates on the importance of antioxidants in combating radicals addressing stress levels while promoting cellular health. By identifying rich foods, it emphasizes the role of a balanced diet in ensuring sufficient intake of these beneficial compounds. Examining stress within the context of sports activities, this review provides insights into its mechanisms and its impact on athletic performance as well as recovery processes. This study explores the impact of plant-based diets on athletes including their types, potential advantages and challenges. It also addresses the drawbacks of relying on plant-based diets, concerns related to antioxidant supplementation and identifies areas where further research is needed. Furthermore, the review suggests directions for research and potential innovations in sports nutrition. Ultimately it brings together the aspects of sports, plant-based nutrition, and antioxidants to provide a perspective for athletes, researchers and practitioners. By consolidating existing knowledge, it offers insights that can pave the way for advancements in the ever-evolving field of sports nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ayaz
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary;
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
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Wu Q, Yang D, Dong W, Song Z, Yang J, Gu Y. Causal relationship between cigarette smoking behaviors and the risk of hernias: a Mendelian randomization study. Hernia 2024; 28:435-446. [PMID: 38148419 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE As the global population continues to age, there is a noticeable yearly rise in the incidence of hernias. Simultaneously, smoking, a widespread addictive behavior and a significant contributor to mortality, has evolved into a pervasive public health concern. Existing literature has already established a connection between smoking and an increased risk of postoperative recurrence and postoperative infections following hernia surgery. However, there remains a dearth of research exploring the association between smoking and hernia morbidity. In this study, our objective is to systematically evaluate the causal relationship between cigarette smoking behaviors and hernia morbidity using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS Hernia-related data were sourced from the FinnGen Biobank database, while cigarette smoking behavior data were gathered from the GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use. To assess the causal relationship, we employed five methods: the weighted median, the weighted mode the inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and the simple mode. Sensitivity analysis was conducted, incorporating Cochran's Q test, the MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plot. The presentation of the causal relationship is expressed as an odds ratio (OR) along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Employing the IVW method as the reference standard, we found that smoking intensity is associated with an increased risk of diaphragmatic hernia (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.00-1.46, P = 0.047). These consistent findings were further corroborated by the weighted median and weighted mode methods (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.03-1.54, P = 0.026; OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.52, P = 0.045). Conversely, when applying the IVW method, we identified no statistically significant causal relationship between smoking age, smoking initiation status, smoking cessation status, and the incidence of hernia. CONCLUSIONS Our MR study has uncovered genetic evidence linking smoking intensity and the occurrence of diaphragmatic hernia. The risk of developing diaphragmatic hernia rises in tandem with the intensity of smoking. This emphasizes the crucial role of regularly advising patients to cease smoking in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Huadong Hospital, 221 Yan'an West Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - D Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Huadong Hospital, 221 Yan'an West Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - W Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Huadong Hospital, 221 Yan'an West Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Z Song
- Department of General Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Huadong Hospital, 221 Yan'an West Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Huadong Hospital, 221 Yan'an West Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Y Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Huadong Hospital, 221 Yan'an West Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Shrestha P, Graff M, Gu Y, Wang Y, Avery CL, Ginnis J, Simancas-Pallares MA, Ferreira Zandoná AG, Ahn HS, Nguyen KN, Lin DY, Preisser JS, Slade GD, Marazita ML, North KE, Divaris K. Multi-ancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Early Childhood Caries. medRxiv 2024:2024.03.12.24303742. [PMID: 38562815 PMCID: PMC10984042 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.24303742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common non-communicable childhood disease. It is an important health problem with known environmental and social/behavioral influences that lacks evidence for specific associated genetic risk loci. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a genome-wide association study of ECC in a multi-ancestry population of U.S. preschool-age children (n=6,103) participating in a community-based epidemiologic study of early childhood oral health. Calibrated examiners used ICDAS criteria to measure ECC with the primary trait using the dmfs index with decay classified as macroscopic enamel loss (ICDAS ≥3). We estimated heritability, concordance rates, and conducted genome-wide association analyses to estimate overall genetic effects; the effects stratified by sex, household water fluoride, and dietary sugar; and leveraged the combined gene/gene-environment effects using the 2-degree-of-freedom (2df) joint test. The common genetic variants explained 24% of the phenotypic variance (heritability) of the primary ECC trait and the concordance rate was higher with a higher degree of relatedness. We identified 21 novel non-overlapping genome-wide significant loci for ECC. Two loci, namely RP11-856F16 . 2 (rs74606067) and SLC41A3 (rs71327750) showed evidence of association with dental caries in external cohorts, namely the GLIDE consortium adult cohort (n=∼487,000) and the GLIDE pediatric cohort (n=19,000), respectively. The gene-based tests identified TAAR6 as a genome-wide significant gene. Implicated genes have relevant biological functions including roles in tooth development and taste. These novel associations expand the genomics knowledge base for this common childhood disease and underscore the importance of accounting for sex and pertinent environmental exposures in genetic investigations of oral health.
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Gu Y, Xu C, Zhang Z, Fang C, Yu J, He D, Xu G. Association between infarct location and haemorrhagic transformation of acute ischaemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e401-e407. [PMID: 38135575 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between computed tomography (CT)-based imaging variables at the time of admission and haemorrhagic transformation (HT) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and eight patients who were treated with IVT for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) during January 2021 to July 2023 were analysed retrospectively. The infarct location was classified as cortical or subcortical in accordance with the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) system. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to determine the relationship between ischaemic variables and HT. RESULTS Of the total, 18 (16.7%) patients had HT and seven (6.5%) had symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH). Multivariate analysis revealed that cortical ASPECTS was independently associated with HT (odds ratio [OR], 0.197; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.076-0.511; p=0.001) and cortical ASPECTS was independently associated with sICH (OR, 0.066; 95% CI, 0.009-0.510; p=0.009). To predict HT and sICH, cortical ASPECTS (HT area under the curve [AUC] = 0.881, sICH AUC = 0.971) provided a higher AUC compared with ASPECTS (HT AUC = 0.850, sICH AUC = 0.918). CONCLUSION Cortical ASPECTS seen on CT at the time of admission is associated with HT and sICH after IVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Intervention, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Gusu District, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - C Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Intervention, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Gusu District, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Intervention, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Gusu District, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - C Fang
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Intervention, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Gusu District, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - J Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Intervention, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Gusu District, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - D He
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Gusu District, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - G Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Intervention, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Gusu District, Suzhou 215000, China.
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Shen S, Teng J, Fekete G, Mei Q, Zhao J, Yang F, Gu Y. Influence of Torsional Stiffness in Badminton Footwear on Lower Limb Biomechanics. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:196-208. [PMID: 38455438 PMCID: PMC10915609 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Torsional stiffness of athletic footwear plays a crucial role in preventing injury and improving sports performance. Yet, there is a lack of research focused on the biomechanical effect of torsional stiffness in badminton shoes. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the influence of three different levels of torsional stiffness in badminton shoes on biomechanical characteristics, sports performance, and injury risk in badminton players. Fifteen male players, aged 22.8 ± 1.96 years, participated in the study, performing badminton-specific tasks, including forehand clear stroke [left foot (FCL) and right foot (FCR)], 45-degree sidestep cutting (45C), and consecutive vertical jumps (CVJ). The tasks were conducted wearing badminton shoes of torsional stiffness measured with Shore D hardness 50, 60, and 70 (referred to as 50D, 60D, and 70D, respectively). The primary biomechanical parameters included ankle, knee, and MTP joint kinematics, ankle and knee joint moments, peak ground reaction forces, joint range of motion (ROM), and stance time. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was employed for normally distributed data and Friedman tests for non-normally distributed data. The 70D shoe exhibited the highest ankle dorsiflexion and lowest ankle inversion peak angles during 45C task. The 60D shoe showed significantly lower knee abduction angle and coronal motions compared to the 50D and 70D shoes. Increased torsional stiffness reduced stance time in the FCR task. No significant differences were observed in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral ground reaction forces (GRF). However, the 70D shoe demonstrated higher vertical GRF than the 50D shoe while performing the FCR task, particularly during 70% - 75% of stance. Findings from this study revealed the significant role of torsional stiffness in reducing injury risk and optimizing performance during badminton tasks, indicating that shoes with an intermediate level of stiffness (60D) could provide a beneficial balance between flexibility and stability. These findings may provide practical references in guiding future badminton shoe research and development. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects of altering stiffness, considering factors such as athletic levels and foot morphology, to understand of the influence of torsional stiffness on motion biomechanics and injury prevalence in badminton-specific tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Shen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Jin Teng
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Gusztáv Fekete
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jia Zhao
- Li Ning Sport Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Li Ning Sport Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
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12
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Xiang L, Gu Y, Gao Z, Yu P, Shim V, Wang A, Fernandez J. Integrating an LSTM framework for predicting ankle joint biomechanics during gait using inertial sensors. Comput Biol Med 2024; 170:108016. [PMID: 38277923 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The ankle joint plays a crucial role in gait, facilitating the articulation of the lower limb, maintaining foot-ground contact, balancing the body, and transmitting the center of gravity. This study aimed to implement long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for predicting ankle joint angles, torques, and contact forces using inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors. Twenty-five healthy participants were recruited. Two IMU sensors were attached to the foot dorsum and the vertical axis of the distal anteromedial tibia in the right lower limb to record acceleration and angular velocity during running. We proposed a LSTM-MLP (multilayer perceptron) model for training time-series data from IMU sensors and predicting ankle joint biomechanics. The model underwent validation and testing using a custom nested k-fold cross-validation process. The average values of the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean squared error (MSE) for ankle dorsiflexion joint and moment, subtalar inversion joint and moment, and ankle joint contact forces were 0.89 ± 0.04, 0.75 ± 1.04, and 2.96 ± 4.96 for walking, and 0.87 ± 0.07, 0.88 ± 1.26, and 4.1 ± 7.17 for running, respectively. This study demonstrates that IMU sensors, combined with LSTM neural networks, are invaluable tools for evaluating ankle joint biomechanics in lower limb pathological diagnosis and rehabilitation, offering a cost-effective and versatile alternative to traditional experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xiang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Zixiang Gao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Peimin Yu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vickie Shim
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan Wang
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Center for Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Xu D, Zhou H, Quan W, Ugbolue UC, Gusztav F, Gu Y. A new method applied for explaining the landing patterns: Interpretability analysis of machine learning. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26052. [PMID: 38370177 PMCID: PMC10869904 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of many fundamental sports techniques, the landing maneuver is also frequently used in clinical injury screening and diagnosis. However, the landing patterns are different under different constraints, which will cause great difficulties for clinical experts in clinical diagnosis. Machine learning (ML) have been very successful in solving a variety of clinical diagnosis tasks, but they all have the disadvantage of being black boxes and rarely provide and explain useful information about the reasons for making a particular decision. The current work validates the feasibility of applying an explainable ML (XML) model constructed by Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) for landing pattern recognition in clinical biomechanics. This study collected 560 groups landing data. By incorporating these landing data into the XML model as input signals, the prediction results were interpreted based on the relevance score (RS) derived from LRP. The interpretation obtained from XML was evaluated comprehensively from the statistical perspective based on Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) and Effect Size. The RS has excellent statistical characteristics in the interpretation of landing patterns between classes, and also conforms to the clinical characteristics of landing pattern recognition. The current work highlights the applicability of XML methods that can not only satisfy the traditional decision problem between classes, but also largely solve the lack of transparency in landing pattern recognition. We provide a feasible framework for realizing interpretability of ML decision results in landing analysis, providing a methodological reference and solid foundation for future clinical diagnosis and biomechanical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Xu
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjing Quan
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Fekete Gusztav
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Gyor, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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14
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Zhou H, Xu D, Quan W, Ugbolue UC, Gu Y. Effects of different contact angles during forefoot running on the stresses of the foot bones: a finite element simulation study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1337540. [PMID: 38390360 PMCID: PMC10882086 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1337540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in foot at different sole-ground contact angles during forefoot running. This study tried to help forefoot runners better control and improve their technical movements by comparing different sole-ground contact angles. Methods: A male participant of Chinese ethnicity was enlisted for the present study, with a recorded age of 25 years, a height of 183 cm, and a body weight of 80 kg. This study focused on forefoot strike patterns through FE analysis. Results: It can be seen that the peak von Mises stress of M1-5 (Metatarsal) of a (Contact angle: 9.54) is greater than that of b (Contact angle: 7.58) and c (Contact angle: 5.62) in the three cases. On the contrary, the peak von Mises stress of MC (Medial Cuneiform), IC (Intermediate Cuneiform), LC (Lateral Cuneiform), C (Cuboid), N (Navicular), T (Tarsal) in three different cases is opposite, and the peak von Mises stress of c is greater than that of a and b. The peak von Mises stress of b is between a and c. Conclusion: This study found that a reduced sole-ground contact angle may reduce metatarsal stress fractures. Further, a small sole-ground contact angle may not increase ankle joint injury risk during forefoot running. Hence, given the specialized nature of the running shoes designed for forefoot runners, it is plausible that this study may offer novel insights to guide their athletic pursuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Datao Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Wenjing Quan
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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15
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Song Y, Cen X, Sun D, Bíró I, Mao Z, Fang Y, Gu Y. Influence of changes in foot morphology and temperature on bruised toenail injury risk during running. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1826. [PMID: 38246957 PMCID: PMC10800341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite runners frequently suffering from dermatologic issues during long distance running, there is no compelling evidence quantitatively investigating their underlying injury mechanism. This study aimed to determine the foot morphology and temperature changes during long distance running and reveal the effect of these alterations on the injury risk of bruised toenail by measuring the subjective-perceived hallux comfort and gap length between the hallux and toebox of the shoe. Ten recreational runners participated in the experimental tests before (baseline), immediately after 5 and 10 km of treadmill running (12 km/h), in which the foot morphology was measured by a 3D foot scanner, the foot temperature was detected by an infrared camera, the perceived comfort was recorded by a visual analogue scale, and the gap length in the sagittal plane was captured by a high-speed camera. Ball width became narrower (106.39 ± 6.55 mm) and arch height (12.20 ± 2.34 mm) was reduced greatly after the 10 km run (p < 0.05). Foot temperature increased significantly after 5 and 10 km of running, and the temperature of dorsal hallux (35.12 ± 1.46 °C), dorsal metatarsal (35.92 ± 1.59 °C), and medial plantar metatarsal (37.26 ± 1.34 °C) regions continued to increase greatly from 5 to 10 km of running (p < 0.05). Regarding hallux comfort, the perceived scores significantly reduced after 5 and 10 km of running (2.10 ± 0.99, p < 0.05). In addition, during one running gait cycle, there was a significant increase in gap length at initial contact (39.56 ± 6.45 mm, p < 0.05) for a 10 km run, followed by a notable decrease upon reaching midstance (29.28 ± 6.81 mm, p < 0.05). It is concluded that the reduced ball width and arch height while increased foot temperature during long-distance running would exacerbate foot-shoe interaction, potentially responsible for bruised toenail injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuanzhen Cen
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dong Sun
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - István Bíró
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zhuqing Mao
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yufei Fang
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China.
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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16
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Zhou L, Mozaffaritabar S, Kolonics A, Kawamura T, Koike A, Kéringer J, Gu Y, Karabanov R, Radák Z. Long-term iron supplementation combined with vitamin B6 enhances maximal oxygen uptake and promotes skeletal muscle-specific mitochondrial biogenesis in rats. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1335187. [PMID: 38288063 PMCID: PMC10823527 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1335187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Iron is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in various biological processes. Previous studies have shown that iron supplementation is related to exercise performance and endurance capacity improvements. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects are not well understood. Recent studies have suggested the beneficial impact of iron supplementation on mitochondrial function and its ability to rescue mitochondrial function under adverse stress in vitro and rodents. Based on current knowledge, our study aimed to investigate whether the changes in exercise performance resulting from iron supplementation are associated with its effect on mitochondrial function. Methods In this study, we orally administered an iron-based supplement to rats for 30 consecutive days at a dosage of 0.66 mg iron/kg body weight and vitamin B6 at a dosage of 0.46 mg/kg. Results Our findings reveal that long-term iron supplementation, in combination with vitamin B6, led to less body weight gained and increased VO2 max in rats. Besides, the treatment substantially increased Complex I- and Complex II-driven ATP production in intact mitochondria isolated from gastrocnemius and cerebellum. However, the treatment did not change basal and succinate-induced ROS production in mitochondria from the cerebellum and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, the iron intervention significantly upregulated several skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism-related biomarkers, including PGC-1α, SIRT1, NRF-2, SDHA, HSL, MTOR, and LON-P. However, it did not affect the muscular protein expression of SIRT3, FNDC5, LDH, FIS1, MFN1, eNOS, and nNOS. Interestingly, the iron intervention did not exert similar effects on the hippocampus of rats. Discussion In conclusion, our study demonstrates that long-term iron supplementation, in combination with vitamin B6, increases VO2 max, possibly through its positive role in regulating skeletal muscle-specific mitochondrial biogenesis and energy production in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Soroosh Mozaffaritabar
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kolonics
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Takuji Kawamura
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Koike
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johanna Kéringer
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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17
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Kim HK, Mirjalili SA, Zhang Y, Xiang L, Gu Y, Fernandez J. Effect of gender and running experience on lower limb biomechanics following 5 km barefoot running. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:95-108. [PMID: 33428537 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1829021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Barefoot running has been increasing in popularity, yet there is a gap in understanding concerning the biomechanics of mid-distance barefoot running, especially between genders and runners of different running-experience levels. This study examines the effects of running-experience, gender, and their interaction on running biomechanics following 5 km barefoot running. Before and after a 5 km run, three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb joints and plantar pressure during barefoot running were collected from 20 participants. Participants were stratified by their running-experience levels (novice and marathon-experienced) and gender. This study revealed significant gender effects on lower limb biomechanics following a 5 km barefoot run. Increased plantar pressure under the lateral aspect of the foot was observed in the female cohort, while the male cohort exhibited reduced plantar pressure under the lateral heel. This study suggests that modified lower limb running biomechanics and modified lateral foot loading after 5 km barefoot running may create a different foot loading environment for female and male runners that should be accommodated in barefoot runningand minimalist shoe design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Kim
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Seyed Ali Mirjalili
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Liangliang Xiang
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health Interdisciplinary, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health Interdisciplinary, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Research Academy of Grand Health Interdisciplinary, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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18
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Xu D, Zhou H, Quan W, Jiang X, Liang M, Li S, Ugbolue UC, Baker JS, Gusztav F, Ma X, Chen L, Gu Y. A new method proposed for realizing human gait pattern recognition: Inspirations for the application of sports and clinical gait analysis. Gait Posture 2024; 107:293-305. [PMID: 37926657 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding the best subset of gait features among biomechanical variables is considered very important because of its ability to identify relevant sports and clinical gait pattern differences to be explored under specific study conditions. This study proposes a new method of metaheuristic optimization-based selection of optimal gait features, and then investigates how much contribution the selected gait features can achieve in gait pattern recognition. METHODS Firstly, 800 group gait datasets performed feature extraction to initially eliminate redundant variables. Then, the metaheuristic optimization algorithm model was performed to select the optimal gait feature, and four classification algorithm models were used to recognize the selected gait feature. Meanwhile, the accuracy results were compared with two widely used feature selection methods and previous studies to verify the validity of the new method. Finally, the final selected features were used to reconstruct the data waveform to interpret the biomechanical meaning of the gait feature. RESULTS The new method finalized 10 optimal gait features (6 ankle-related and 4-related knee features) based on the extracted 36 gait features (85 % variable explanation) by feature extraction. The accuracy in gait pattern recognition among the optimal gait features selected by the new method (99.81 % ± 0.53 %) was significantly higher than that of the feature-based sorting of effect size (94.69 % ± 2.68 %), the sequential forward selection (95.59 % ± 2.38 %), and the results of previous study. The interval between reconstructed waveform-high and reconstructed waveform-low curves based on the selected feature was larger during the whole stance phase. SIGNIFICANCE The selected gait feature based on the proposed new method (metaheuristic optimization-based selection) has a great contribution to gait pattern recognition. Sports and clinical gait pattern recognition can benefit from population-based metaheuristic optimization techniques. The metaheuristic optimization algorithms are expected to provide a practical and elegant solution for sports and clinical biomechanical feature selection with better economy and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Szombathely, Hungary; Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, UK
| | - Wenjing Quan
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Szombathely, Hungary; Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Xinyan Jiang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Faculty of Health and Safety, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Minjun Liang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shudong Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, UK
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fekete Gusztav
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Szombathely, Hungary; Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary; Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Gyor, Hungary
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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19
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Yu P, Cen X, Mei Q, Wang A, Gu Y, Fernandez J. Differences in intra-foot movement strategies during locomotive tasks among chronic ankle instability, copers and healthy individuals. J Biomech 2024; 162:111865. [PMID: 37976687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) suffer from the resulting sequela of repetitive lateral ankle sprains (LAS), whilst copers appear to cope with initial LAS successfully. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the intra-foot biomechanical differences among CAI, copers, and healthy individuals during dynamic tasks. Twenty-two participants per group were included and required to perform cutting and different landing tasks (DL: drop landing; FL: forward jump followed a landing). A five-segment foot model with 8 degrees of freedom was used to explore the intra-foot movement among these three groups. Smaller dorsiflexion angles were found in copers (DL tasks and prelanding task) and CAI (DL and FL task) compared to healthy participants. Copers presented a more eversion position compared to others during these dynamic tasks. During the descending phase of DL task, greater dorsiflexion angles in the metatarsophalangeal joint were found in copers compared to the control group. Joint moment difference was only found in the subtalar joint during the descending phase of FL task, presenting more inversion moments in copers compared to healthy participants. Copers rely on more eversion positioning to prevent over-inversion of the subtalar joint compared to CAI. Further, the foot became more unstable when conducting sport-related movements, suggesting that foot stability seems to be sensitive to the task types. These findings may help in designing and implementing interventions to restore functions of the ankle joint in CAI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peimin Yu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xuanzhen Cen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan Wang
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Radak Z, Pan L, Zhou L, Mozaffaritabar S, Gu Y, A Pinho R, Zheng X, Ba X, Boldogh I. Epigenetic and "redoxogenetic" adaptation to physical exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:65-74. [PMID: 37977212 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced adaptation is achieved by altering the epigenetic landscape of the entire genome leading to the expression of genes involved in various processes including regulatory, metabolic, adaptive, immune, and myogenic functions. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the methylation pattern/levels of promoter/enhancer is not linearly correlated with gene expression and proteome levels during physical activity implying a level of complexity and interplay with other regulatory modulators. It has been shown that a higher level of physical fitness is associated with a slower DNA methylation-based aging clock. There is strong evidence supporting exercise-induced ROS being a key regulatory mediator through overlapping events, both as signaling entities and through oxidative modifications to various protein mediators and DNA molecules. ROS generated by physical activity shapes epigenome both directly and indirectly, a complexity we are beginning to unravel within the epigenetic arrangement. Oxidative modification of guanine to 8-oxoguanine is a non-genotoxic alteration, does not distort DNA helix and serves as an epigenetic-like mark. The reader and eraser of oxidized guanine is the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, contributing to changes in gene expression. In fact, it can modulate methylation patterns of promoters/enhancers consequently leading to multiple phenotypic changes. Here, we provide evidence and discuss the potential roles of exercise-induced ROS in altering cytosine methylation patterns during muscle adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Soroosh Mozaffaritabar
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Xu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
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Guo QJ, Ouyang J, Rao JQ, Zhang YZ, Yu LL, Xu WY, Long JH, Gao XH, Wu XY, Gu Y. [Construction and preliminary validation of a risk prediction model for the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcer in diabetic patients]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2023; 39:1149-1157. [PMID: 38129301 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231101-00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To develop a risk prediction model for the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in diabetic patients and primarily validate its predictive value. Methods: Meta-analysis combined with retrospective cohort study was conducted. The Chinese and English papers on risk factors related to DFU recurrence publicly published in China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, and the search time was from the establishment date of each database until March 31st, 2022. The papers were screened and evaluated, the data were extracted, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 statistical software to screen risk factors for DFU recurrence, and Egger's linear regression was used to assess the publication bias of the study results. Risk factors for DFU recurrence mentioned in ≥3 studies and with statistically significant differences in the meta-analysis were selected as the independent variables to develop a logistic regression model for risk prediction of DFU recurrence. The medical records of 101 patients with DFU who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2019 to June 2022 were collected. There were 69 males and 32 females, aged (63±14) years. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the predictive performance of the above constructed predictive model for DFU recurrence was drawn, and the area under the ROC curve, maximum Youden index, and sensitivity and specificity at the point were calculated. Dataset including data of 8 risk factors for DFU recurrence and the DFU recurrence rates of 10 000 cases was simulated using RStudio software and a scatter plot was drawn to determine two probabilities for risk division of DFU recurrence. Using the β coefficients corresponding to 8 DFU recurrence risk factors ×10 and taking the integer as the score of coefficient weight of each risk factor, the total score was obtained by summing up, and the cutoff scores for risk level division were calculated based on the total score × two probabilities for risk division of DFU recurrence. Results: Finally, 20 papers were included, including 3 case-control studies and 17 cohort studies, with a total of 4 238 cases and DFU recurrence rate of 22.7% to 71.2%. Meta-analysis showed that glycosylated hemoglobin >7.5% and with plantar ulcer, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic peripheral vascular disease, smoking, osteomyelitis, history of amputation/toe amputation, and multidrug-resistant bacterial infection were risk factors for the recurrence of DFU (with odds ratios of 3.27, 3.66, 4.05, 3.94, 1.98, 7.17, 11.96, 3.61, 95% confidence intervals of 2.79-3.84, 2.06-6.50, 2.50-6.58, 2.65-5.84, 1.65-2.38, 2.29-22.47, 4.60-31.14, 3.13-4.17, respectively, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in publication biases of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic peripheral vascular disease, glycosylated hemoglobin >7.5%, plantar ulcer, smoking, multidrug-resistant bacterial infection, or osteomyelitis (P>0.05), but there was a statistically significant difference in the publication bias of amputation/toe amputation (t=-30.39, P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the predictive model was 0.81 (with 95% confidence interval of 0.71-0.91) and the maximum Youden index was 0.59, at which the sensitivity was 72% and the specificity was 86%. Ultimately, 29.0% and 44.8% were identified respectively as the cutoff for dividing the probability of low risk and medium risk, and medium risk and high risk for DFU recurrence, while the corresponding total scores of low, medium, and high risks of DFU recurrence were <37, 37-57, and 58-118, respectively. Conclusions: Eight risk factors for DFU recurrence are screened through meta-analysis and the risk prediction model for DFU recurrence is developed, which has moderate predictive accuracy and can provide guidance for healthcare workers to take interventions for patient with DFU recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q J Guo
- Nursing Department, Hospital of Stomatology of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 550002, China
| | - J Ouyang
- Central Sterile Supply Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - J Q Rao
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Y Z Zhang
- School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - L L Yu
- Guizhou Health Vocational College, Tongren 554300, China
| | - W Y Xu
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - J H Long
- Nursing Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, China
| | - X H Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - X Y Wu
- Emergency Department, the Second Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Y Gu
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
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Shao E, Mei Q, Baker JS, Bíró I, Liu W, Gu Y. The effects of non-Newtonian fluid material midsole footwear on tibial shock acceleration and attenuation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1276864. [PMID: 38152288 PMCID: PMC10751308 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1276864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Given the possibility of higher ground temperatures in the future, the pursuit of a cushioning material that can effectively reduce sports injuries during exercise, particularly one that retains its properties at elevated temperatures, has emerged as a serious concern. Methods: A total of 18 man recreational runners were recruited from Ningbo University and local clubs for participation in this study. Frequency analysis was employed to investigate whether there is a distinction between non-Newtonian (NN) shoes and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) shoes. Results: The outcomes indicated that the utilization of NN shoes furnished participants with superior cushioning when engaging in a 90° cutting maneuver subsequent to an outdoor exercise, as opposed to the EVA material. Specifically, participants wearing NN shoes exhibited significantly lower peak resultant acceleration (p = 0.022) and power spectral density (p = 0.010) values at the distal tibia compared to those wearing EVA shoes. Moreover, shock attenuation was significantly greater in subjects wearing NN shoes (p = 0.023) in comparison to EVA shoes. Performing 90° cutting maneuver in NN shoes resulted in significantly lower peak ground reaction force (p = 0.010), vertical average loading rate (p < 0.010), and vertical instantaneous loading rate (p = 0.030) values compared to performing the same maneuvers in EVA shoes. Conclusion: The study found that the PRA and PSD of the distal tibia in NN footwear were significantly lower compared to EVA footwear. Additionally, participants exhibited more positive SA while using NN footwear compared to EVA. Furthermore, during the 90° CM, participants wearing NN shoes showed lower PGRF, VAIL, and VILR compared to those in EVA shoes. All these promising results support the capability of NN footwear to offer additional reductions in potential injury risk to runners, especially in high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Shao
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Population Health and Medical Informatics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - István Bíró
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wei Liu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Xu D, Zhou H, Quan W, Gusztav F, Baker JS, Gu Y. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model driven by the non-negative matrix factorization-extracted muscle synergy patterns to estimate lower limb joint movements. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2023; 242:107848. [PMID: 37863010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE For patients with movement disorders, the main clinical focus is on exercise rehabilitation to help recover lost motor function, which is achieved by relevant assisted equipment. The basis for seamless control of the assisted equipment is to achieve accurate inference of the user's movement intentions in the human-machine interface. This study proposed a novel movement intention detection technology for estimating lower limb joint continuous kinematic variables following muscle synergy patterns, to develop applications for more efficient assisted rehabilitation training. METHODS This study recruited 16 healthy males and 16 male patients with symptomatic patellar tendinopathy (VISA-P: 59.1 ± 8.7). The surface electromyography of 12 muscles and lower limb joint kinematic and kinetic data from healthy subjects and patients during step-off landings from 30 cm-high stair steps were collected. We subsequently solved the preprocessed data based on the established recursive model of second-order differential equation to obtain the muscle activation matrix, and then imported it into the non-negative matrix factorization model to obtain the muscle synergy matrix. Finally, the lower limb neuromuscular synergy pattern was then imported into the developed adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system non-linear regression model to estimate the human movement intention during this movement pattern. RESULTS Six muscle synergies were determined to construct the muscle synergy pattern driven ANFIS model. Three fuzzy rules were determined in most estimation cases. Combining the results of the four error indicators across the estimated variables indicates that the current model has excellent estimated performance in estimating lower limb joint movement. The estimation errors between the healthy (Angle: R2=0.98±0.03; Torque: R2=0.96±0.04) and patient (Angle: R2=0.98±0.02; Torque: R2=0.96±0.03) groups are consistent. CONCLUSION The proposed model of this study can accurately and reliably estimate lower limb joint movements, and the effectiveness will also be radiated to the patient group. This revealed that our models also have certain advantages in the recognition of motor intentions in patients with relevant movement disorders. Future work from this study can be focused on sports rehabilitation in the clinical field by achieving more flexible and precise movement control of the lower limb assisted equipment to help the rehabilitation of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém 8201, Hungary; Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely 9700, Hungary
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland G72 0LH, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjing Quan
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém 8201, Hungary; Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely 9700, Hungary
| | - Fekete Gusztav
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém 8201, Hungary; Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely 9700, Hungary
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Tao D, Awan-Scully R, Ash GI, Pei Z, Gu Y, Gao Y, Cole A, Baker JS. The effectiveness of dance movement interventions for older adults with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia: A systematic scoping review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102120. [PMID: 37944706 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesize evidence and summarize research findings related to the effectiveness and feasibility of dance movement intervention (DMI) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and dementia; to systemically map existing research gaps and research directions for future practice. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using six electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2) and The Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I). RESULTS 29 dance intervention studies (13 RCT studies) were included in the scoping review: 62% of MCI, 10% of AD, and 28% of dementia; a total of 1708 participants (Female=1247; Male=461) aged from 63.8 ( ± 5.24) to 85.8 ( ± 5.27) years old. Eight RCT studies were included in the meta-analysis; results indicated that dance interventions had a significant effect on global cognition, memory, balance, and significantly decreased depression. No significant effects were found for executive function. CONCLUSIONS Dance is a non-pharmacological, effective, affordable, and engaging intervention that can be used as a complementary treatment for older adults with MCI, AD, and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tao
- Department of Government and International Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Roger Awan-Scully
- Department of Government and International Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Garrett I Ash
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center for Pain, Research, Informatics, Medical Comorbidities and Education Center (PRIME), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Alistair Cole
- Department of Government and International Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Julien S Baker
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; Department of Sports, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
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Donnelly RR, Ugbolue UC, Gao Y, Gu Y, Dutheil F, Baker JS. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Investigating Head Trauma in Boxing. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:658-674. [PMID: 37862081 PMCID: PMC10597432 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although physical trauma has been reported in boxing since its inception, boxing still appeals to athletes and spectators. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess both acute and chronic neurological and neuropsychological effects that boxing has on the brain. Further assessments in terms of comparisons of the concussion ratio in boxing to other combat sports, as well as the efficiency of wearing headguards, are also performed. DATA SOURCES This systematic review and meta-analysis used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The outcomes incorporated included physical chronic abnormalities of the brain, neuropsychiatric, and neurological disorders sustained in amateur or professional boxing, in addition to the safety benefits of boxing headguards. Odds ratios, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics are also reported. MAIN RESULTS From the 84 articles reviewed, the 35 included articles suggested that boxers have a significantly elevated risk of sustaining a concussion compared with other combat sports (risk ratio [RR]: 0.253 vs RR: 0.065, P < 0.001). From the 631 amateur and professional boxers analyzed, 147 (23.30%) had cavum septum pellucidum, whereas 125 of 411 amateur and professional boxers (30.41%) presented with some form of brain atrophy. Dementia or amnesia was observed in 46 of 71 boxers (61.79%), 36 of 70 (51.43%) had various forms and severities of cognitive disorders, and 57 of 109 (52.29%) displayed abnormal computed tomography or electroencephalogram scan results. Utilization of headguards significantly increased the risk for stoppages in amateur bouts, compared with boxers not wearing a headguard (OR: 1.75 vs 0.53, P < 0.050). CONCLUSIONS Boxing is a hazardous sport that has the potential to have fatal and negative life-changing results. Because of the limited reliable data regarding the efficiency of boxing headguards, future research should focus on the overall significance that headguards may have for reducing head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. Donnelly
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Gao
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; and
| | - Yaodong Gu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, WittyFit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; and
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Xu D, Zhou H, Quan W, Gusztav F, Wang M, Baker JS, Gu Y. Accurately and effectively predict the ACL force: Utilizing biomechanical landing pattern before and after-fatigue. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2023; 241:107761. [PMID: 37579552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE As a fundamental exercise technique, landing can commonly be associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, especially during after-fatigue single-leg landing (SL). Presently, the inability to accurately detect ACL loading makes it difficult to recognize the risk degree of ACL injury, which reduces the effectiveness of injury prevention and sports monitoring. Increased risk of ACL injury during after-fatigue SL may be related to changes in ankle motion patterns. Therefore, this study aims to develop a highly accurate and easily implemented ACL force prediction model by combining deep learning and the explored relationship between ACL force and ankle motion pattern. METHODS First, 56 subjects' during before and after-fatigue SL data were collected to explore the relationship between the ankle initial contact angle (AIC), ankle range of motion (AROM) and peak ACL force (PAF). Then, the musculoskeletal model was developed to simulate and calculate the ACL force. Finally, the ACL force prediction model was constructed by combining the explored relationship and sparrow search algorithm (SSA) to optimize the extreme learning machine (ELM) and long short-term memory (LSTM). RESULTS There was almost a stronger linear relationship between the PAF and AIC (R = -0.70), AROM (R2 = -0.61). By substituting AIC and AROM as independent variables in the SSA-ELM prediction model, the model shows excellent prediction performance because of very strong correlation (R2 = 0.9992, MSE = 0.0023, RMSE = 0.0474). Based on the equal scaling by combining results of SSA-ELM and SSA-LSTM, the prediction model achieves excellent performance in ACL force prediction of the overall waveform (R2 = 0.9947, MSE = 0.0076, RMSE = 0.0873). CONCLUSION By increasing the AIC and AROM during SL, the lower limb joint energy dissipation can be increased and the PAF reduced, thus reducing the impact loads on the lower limb joints and reducing ACL injuries. The proposed ACL dynamic load force prediction model has low input variable demands (sagittal joint angles), excellent generalization capabilities and superior performance in terms of high accuracy. In the future, we plan to use it as an accurate ACL injury risk assessment tool to promote and apply it to a wider range of sports training and injury monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8201, Hungary; Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, 9700, Hungary
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, G72 0LH, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjing Quan
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8201, Hungary; Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, 9700, Hungary
| | - Fekete Gusztav
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8201, Hungary; Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, 9700, Hungary
| | - Meizi Wang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Kovács B, Dong S, Song Y, Jingyi Y, Béres S, Tihanyi J, Zhang J, Petridis L, Gu Y. A longer Achilles tendon moment arm length is not associated with superior hopping performance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1270169. [PMID: 37954019 PMCID: PMC10639158 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1270169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Variability in musculoskeletal and lower leg structure has the potential to influence hopping height. Achilles tendon moment arm length and plantarflexor muscle strength can influence ankle joint torque development and, consequently, hopping performance. While most studies have examined the connection of the Achilles tendon moment arm with hopping performance including the resting length, in this study we attempted to explore how the changes in Achilles tendon moment arm are related to hopping performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test for correlations between foot and lower leg muscle structure parameters (i.e., muscle mass, volume, cross-sectional area and Achilles tendon moment arm length) and hopping height performance in relation to changes in Achilles tendon moment arm length. Eighteen participants (10 males 8 female) performed repetitive bilateral hopping on a force platform while sagittal plane kinematics of the lower leg were recorded. Additionally, maximal isometric plantarflexion was measured. To obtain structural parameters of the lower leg, the right lower leg of each participant was scanned with magnetic resonance imaging. The cross-sectional areas of the Achilles tendon, soleus, lateral and medial gastrocnemius were measured, while muscle volumes, muscle mass, and Achilles tendon moment arm length were calculated. Contrary to our initial assumption, longer Achilles tendon moment arm did not result in superior hopping performance. Interestingly, neither maximal isometric plantarflexion force nor muscle size correlated with repetitive bilateral hopping performance. We can assume that the mechanical characteristics of the tendon and the effective utilization of the stored strain energy in the tendon may play a more important role in repetitive hopping than the structural parameters of the lower leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Kovács
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sun Dong
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Song
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Jingyi
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sándor Béres
- Department of Athletics, Hungarian University of Sports Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tihanyi
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Leonidas Petridis
- Research Centre for Sport Physiology, Hungarian University of Sport Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Waziry R, Gu Y, Williams O, Hägg S. Connections between cross-tissue and intra-tissue biomarkers of aging biology in older adults. Epigenetics Commun 2023; 3:7. [PMID: 38037563 PMCID: PMC10688599 DOI: 10.1186/s43682-023-00022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Saliva measures are generally more accessible than blood, especially in vulnerable populations. However, connections between aging biology biomarkers in different body tissues remain unknown. Methods The present study included individuals (N = 2406) who consented for saliva and blood draw in the Health and Retirement Telomere length study in 2008 and the Venous blood study in 2016 who had complete data for both tissues. We assessed biological aging based on telomere length in saliva and DNA methylation and physiology measures in blood. DNA methylation clocks combine information from CpGs to produce the aging measures representative of epigenetic aging in humans. We analyzed DNA methylation clocks proposed by Horvath (353 CpG sites), Hannum (71 CpG sites), Levine or PhenoAge, (513 CpG sites), GrimAge, (epigenetic surrogate markers for select plasma proteins), Horvath skin and blood (391 CpG sites), Lin (99 CpG sites), Weidner (3 CpG sites), and VidalBralo (8 CpG sites). Physiology measures (referred to as phenotypic age) included albumin, creatinine, glucose, [log] C-reactive protein, lymphocyte percent, mean cell volume, red blood cell distribution width, alkaline phosphatase, and white blood cell count. The phenotypic age algorithm is based on parametrization of Gompertz proportional hazard models. Average telomere length was assayed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) by comparing the telomere sequence copy number in each patient's sample (T) to a single-copy gene copy number (S). The resulting T/S ratio was proportional to telomere length, mean. Within individual, relationships between aging biology measures in blood and saliva and variations according to sex were assessed. Results Saliva-based telomere length showed inverse associations with both physiology-based and DNA methylation-based aging biology biomarkers in blood. Longer saliva-based telomere length was associated with 1 to 4 years slower biological aging based on blood-based biomarkers with the highest magnitude being Weidner (β = - 3.97, P = 0.005), GrimAge (β = - 3.33, P < 0.001), and Lin (β = - 3.45, P = 0.008) biomarkers of DNA methylation. Conclusions There are strong connections between aging biology biomarkers in saliva and blood in older adults. Changes in telomere length vary with changes in DNA methylation and physiology biomarkers of aging biology. We observed variations in the relationship between each body system represented by physiology biomarkers and biological aging, particularly at the DNA methylation level. These observations provide novel opportunities for integration of both blood-based and saliva-based biomarkers in clinical care of vulnerable and clinically difficult to reach populations where either or both tissues would be accessible for clinical monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Waziry
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Y. Gu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - O. Williams
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - S. Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Cen X, Song Y, Yu P, Sun D, Simon J, Bíró I, Gu Y. Effects of plantar fascia stiffness on the internal mechanics of idiopathic pes cavus by finite element analysis: implications for metatarsalgia. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37817665 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2268231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Metatarsalgia occurring in individuals with pes cavus is typically associated with abnormal loading patterns in the forefoot resulting from structural alterations. Simultaneously, the frequent overstress of the plantar fascia (PF) caused by the persistence of this foot deformity may further exacerbate the chronic pain induced by metatarsal overload. We aimed to investigate and quantify the effects of PF stiffness on the internal biomechanics of pes cavus using a computational modelling approach. A patient-specific finite element model of the foot-ankle complex using the actual three-dimensional geometry of idiopathic pes cavus bones and soft tissues was reconstructed. A sensitivity study was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying elastic modulus (0-700 MPa) of the PF on the metatarsal stress distribution, and force transmission through the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints in the pes cavus. The results indicated that variations in PF stiffness led to stress redistribution in the metatarsal region. Peak stress gradually reduced with decreasing stiffness until the PF was released, eventually resulting in a reduction of 22.39% compared to the reference value of 350 MPa. Furthermore, adjusting the PF stiffness to twice the reference value (700 MPa) increased the contact forces through the TMT and MTP joints by up to 23% and 116%, respectively. The reduction of PF stiffness alleviated focal metatarsal loading, and therefore, surgical fascia release can be considered to alleviate metatarsalgia in patients with pes cavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhen Cen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yang Song
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peimin Yu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dong Sun
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - János Simon
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Bíró
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Liu H, Hu XN, Jiao J, Gu Y, Shi J. [A study on alveolar ridge augmentation guided by orthodontic forced eruption in patients with severe periodontitis]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 58:1019-1026. [PMID: 37818537 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20230816-00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of alveolar bone augmentation in teeth with severe periodontitis using orthodontic forced eruption. Methods: Twelve patients (5 males and 7 females) with severe periodontitis and malocclusion who visited the Department of Orthodontics and Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from October 2018 to May 2022 were included in this retrospective study. The age was (38.8±6.6) years (24-49 years). A total of 16 maxillary incisors that could not be retained due to severe periodontitis were included. The orthodontic fixed appliance was used to extrude the teeth. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) images of the patients before and after orthodontic forced eruption were collected. The voxel-based registration was used to superpose the images before and after orthodontic forced eruption. The height, thickness, and apical alveolar bone area were measured on the sagittal plane. The alveolar bone volume before and after orthodontic forced eruption was measured using three-dimensional reconstruction technique, and the influencing factors related to the alveolar volume change were analyzed. Results: The results of this study showed that the eruption distance of the teeth was (2.37±0.82) mm, and the alveolar bone height increased by (1.11±0.79) and (0.98±0.79) mm (t=3.73, P=0.010; t=4.85, P<0.001). The proximal and distal alveolar bone height increased by (1.10±0.78) and (0.86±1.08) mm, respectively (t=5.59, P<0.001; t=3.18, P=0.006). The alveolar bone thickness decreased (0.30±0.31) mm (t=-3.75, P=0.002) and alveolar bone area increased (6.84±5.86) mm2 (t=3.71, P<0.001). The alveolar bone volume increased (53±49) mm3 (t=4.38, P<0.001). The alveolar bone volume was moderately positively correlated with eruption distance, apical and mesial alveolar bone thickness (r=0.55, P=0.028; r=0.63, P=0.008; r=0.67, P=0.005). Conclusions: Orthodontic forced eruption results in a favorable increase of the alveolar bone in the upper incisor that cannot be retained due to severe periodontitis, which provides better periodontal hard tissue conditions for subsequent dental implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - X N Hu
- Fourth Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100025, China
| | - J Jiao
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Y Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Tao D, Awan-Scully R, Ash GI, Gu Y, Pei Z, Gao Y, Cole A, Supriya R, Sun Y, Xu R, Baker JS. Health policy considerations for combining exercise prescription into noncommunicable diseases treatment: a narrative literature review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1219676. [PMID: 37849722 PMCID: PMC10577435 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1219676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this review, we aim to highlight the evidence base for the benefits of exercise in relation to the treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), draw on the Health Triangular Policy Framework to outline the principal facilitators and barriers for implementing exercise in health policy, and make concrete suggestions for action. Methods Literature review and framework analysis were conducted to deal with the research questions. Results Exercise prescription is a safe solution for noncommunicable diseases prevention and treatment that enables physicians to provide and instruct patients how to apply exercise as an important aspect of disease treatment and management. Combining exercise prescription within routine care, in inpatient and outpatient settings, will improve patients' life quality and fitness levels. Conclusion Inserting exercise prescription into the healthcare system would improve population health status and healthy lifestyles. The suggestions outlined in this study need combined efforts from the medical profession, governments, and policymakers to facilitate practice into reality in the healthcare arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Department of Government and International Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Roger Awan-Scully
- Department of Government and International Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Garrett I. Ash
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Pain, Research, Informatics, Medical Comorbidities and Education Center (PRIME), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alistair Cole
- Department of Government and International Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rashmi Supriya
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Niu X, Wang R, Zeng L, Liu F, Gu Y, Yao J, Wang L, Xun T. A photo-controlled, all-solid, and frequency-tunable ultra-wideband pulse generator. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:103101. [PMID: 37787625 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous exploration of the bioelectric effect, nanosecond and picosecond pulsed electric fields used in cancer therapy and drug introduction have attracted great attention. In this paper, an ultrashort pulsed electric field generator is proposed, which connects two photoconductive semiconductor switches in parallel to generate unipolar and bipolar pulses. We described the experimental scheme of the generator and the simulation of the radio frequency combiner. A 532 nm laser with pulse widths of 1 ns and 500 ps is used to trigger the photoconductive semiconductor switches. The experimental results show that the scheme can achieve adjustments of 357 and 720 MHz for the center frequency and the 3 dB bandwidth, respectively. The results confirm that this proposed scheme can be used for unipolar/bipolar frequency-adjustable ultra-wideband pulse generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Niu
- The College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - R Wang
- The College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - L Zeng
- The College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - F Liu
- The College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Y Gu
- The College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - J Yao
- The College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - L Wang
- The College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - T Xun
- The College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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Gu Y, Fan X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Lai S. A Comparative Population-Based Study of Tracheal and Lung Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e21. [PMID: 37784873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Thoracic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is very rare, and its clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis have not been fully elucidated. Previous studies did not differentiate between tracheal and lung lesions. MATERIALS/METHODS We identified tracheal ACC (TACC) and lung and bronchus ACC (LACC) patients from our cancer center (from 2005 to 2022) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (from 2000 to 2009). Incidence was calculated and trends were quantified. Significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) were reviewed and analyzed by using Cox proportional hazards regression. Then, two nomograms predicting OS of TACC and LACC were constructed based on the SEER database and validated externally by using the separate cohort. RESULTS There was an upward trend from 2000 to 2019 for LACC while a downward trend from 2000 to 2009 was shown for TACC. Totally, 55 TACC and 25 LACC were included in our cohort, 121 TACC and 162 LACC included in the SEER cohort. There were larger tumor sizes, more lymph nodes and distant metastases for LACC patients than TACC patients. The proportion of patients receiving radiotherapy were higher for TACC than LACC. More patients with TACC received surgery and perioperative radiotherapy than those with LACC. Patients with LACC had significantly worse OS than patients with TACC (SEER cohort: 93.7 mons vs. 127.0 mons, p = 0.001, our cohort: 72.2 months vs. 130.8months, p = 0.061). Age, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and radiation and/or surgery were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS of TACC. Laterality, distant metastasis and surgery were identified for LACC. The discrimination of the nomogram revealed good prognostic accuracy and clinical applicability as indicated by C-index values of 0.753 and 0.833 for the training cohort and the external validation cohort for TACC, and 0.739 and 0.786 for LACC. CONCLUSION TACC and LACC are different in incidence, clinical features, prognosis. Compared with LACC, radiotherapy combined with surgery is more important for TACC. Two nomograms were established for TACC and LACC respectively to help physicians make more individualized survival predictions and clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - X Fan
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - X Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - S Lai
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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Gao Z, Xiang L, Fekete G, Baker JS, Mao Z, Gu Y. A Data-Driven Approach for Fatigue Detection during Running Using Pedobarographic Measurements. Appl Bionics Biomech 2023; 2023:7022513. [PMID: 37794856 PMCID: PMC10547577 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7022513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Detecting fatigue at the early stages of a run could aid training programs in making adjustments, thereby reducing the heightened risk of injuries from overuse. The study aimed to investigate the effects of running fatigue on plantar force distribution in the dominant and nondominant feet of amateur runners. Methods Thirty amateur runners were recruited for this study. Bilateral time-series plantar forces were employed to facilitate automatic fatigue gait recognition using convolutional neural network (CNN) and CNN-based long short-term memory network (ConvLSTM) models. Plantar force data collection was conducted both before and after a running-induced fatigue protocol using a FootScan force plate. The Keras library in Python 3.8.8 was used to train and tune deep learning models. Results The results demonstrated that more mid-forefoot and heel force occurs during bilateral plantar and less midfoot fore force occurs in the dominant limb after fatigue (p < 0.001). The time of peak forces was significantly shortened at the midfoot and sum region of the nondominant foot, while it was delayed at the hallux region of the dominant foot (p < 0.001). In addition, the ConvLSTM model showed higher performance (Accuracy = 0.867, Sensitivity = 0.874, and Specificity = 0.859) in detecting fatigue gait than CNN (Accuracy = 0.800, Sensitivity = 0.874, and Specificity = 0.718). Conclusions The findings of this study could offer empirical data for evaluating risk factors linked to overuse injuries in a single limb, as well as facilitate early detection of fatigued gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Gao
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém H-8201, Hungary
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely 9700, Hungary
| | - Liangliang Xiang
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Gusztáv Fekete
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely 9700, Hungary
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuqing Mao
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Gao X, Xu D, Li F, Baker JS, Li J, Gu Y. Biomechanical Analysis of Latin Dancers' Lower Limb during Normal Walking. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1128. [PMID: 37892858 PMCID: PMC10604096 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Latin dance involves fundamental walking steps, integral to the dance process. While resembling daily walking, Latin dance demands higher balance levels, necessitating body adjustments by dancers. These adaptations affect dancers' gait biomechanics, prompting our study on gait differences between Latin dancers (LDs) and non-dancers (NDs). We enlisted 21 female Latin dancers and 21 subjects based on specific criteria. Participants executed walking tasks, with an independent sample t-test for 1-dimensional statistical parameter mapping (SPM 1d) analyzing stance phase variations between LDs and NDs. Notably, significant differences in ankle and hip external rotation were evident during the 16.43-29.47% (p = 0.015) and 86.35-100% (p = 0.014) stance phase. Moreover, pronounced distinctions in rectus Achilles tendon force (ATF) (12.83-13.10%, p = 0.049; 15.89-80.19%, p < 0.001) and Patellofemoral joint contact force (PTF) (15.85-18.31%, p = 0.039; 21.14-24.71%, p = 0.030) during stance were noted between LDs (Latin dancers) and NDs (Non-dancers). The study revealed dancers' enhanced balance attributed to external ankle rotation for dance stability, coupled with augmented Achilles tendon and patellofemoral joint strength from prolonged practice. Moreover, integrating suitable Latin dance into rehabilitation may benefit those with internal rotation gait issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Gao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.G.); (D.X.); (F.L.)
| | - Datao Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.G.); (D.X.); (F.L.)
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8201 Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Fengfeng Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.G.); (D.X.); (F.L.)
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.G.); (D.X.); (F.L.)
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.G.); (D.X.); (F.L.)
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, 6724 Szeged, Hungary
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Mei Q, Gu Y, Kim J, Xiang L, Shim V, Fernandez J. Understanding the form and function in Chinese bound foot from last-generation cases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1217276. [PMID: 37795266 PMCID: PMC10545958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1217276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Foot adaptation in the typically developed foot is well explored. In this study, we aimed to explore the form and function of an atypical foot, the Chinese bound foot, which had a history of over a thousand years but is not practised anymore. Methods: We evaluated the foot shape and posture via a statistical shape modelling analysis, gait plantar loading distribution via gait analysis, and bone density adaptation via implementing finite element simulation and bone remodelling prediction. Results: The atypical foot with binding practice led to increased foot arch and vertically oriented calcaneus with larger size at the articulation, apart from smaller metatarsals compared with a typically developed foot. This shape change causes the tibia, which typically acts as a load transfer beam and shock absorber, to extend its function all the way through the talus to the calcaneus. This is evident in the bound foot by i) the reduced center of pressure trajectory in the medial-lateral direction, suggesting a reduced supination-pronation; ii) the increased density and stress in the talus-calcaneus articulation; and iii) the increased bone growth in the bound foot at articulation joints in the tibia, talus, and calcaneus. Conclusion: Knowledge from the last-generation bound foot cases may provide insights into the understanding of bone resorption and adaptation in response to different loading profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julie Kim
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Liangliang Xiang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vickie Shim
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Huang C, Ye J, Song Y, Kovács B, Baker JS, Mao Z, Gu Y. The Effects of Fatigue on the Lower Limb Biomechanics of Amateur Athletes during a Y-Balance Test. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2565. [PMID: 37761762 PMCID: PMC10530907 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Y-Balance Test (YBT) is a reliable tool for assessing the dynamic balance of athletes' lower limbs. This study aimed to compare the effects of the YBT on lower limb biomechanics before and after fatigue. Sixteen adult male recreational athletes were recruited for the study, and motion capture in combination with a force plate was used to collect kinematic, dynamics, and center of pressure (COP) data of the dominant leg during YBT testing before and after fatigue. Based on the research findings, there were significant statistical differences in the distances reached during the YBT in three directions before and after fatigue. After fatigue, there is a significant decrease in the ROM of the hip and knee joints in all three directions. Also, there is a significant increase in hip joint torque in the anterior- and posterior-lateral directions, while a significant decrease in hip and ankle joint torque is observed in the posterior-medial direction. Moreover, there is an increasing trend in positive and negative joint work for the hip, knee, and ankle joints in all three directions after fatigue. The range of COP displacement also increases following fatigue. The decline in YBT scores demonstrates the detrimental impact of fatigue on the dynamic balance of the lower limbs of adult male amateur athletes. We hope that these results can provide information for athletes and coaches to better understand the effects of fatigue on the dynamic balance of lower limbs, so as to carry out targeted lower limb balance training and prevent sports injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Huang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jingyi Ye
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Yang Song
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- Doctoral School of Safety and Security Sciences, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, 6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balint Kovács
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Physical Education, Alkotás u. 44, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Zhuqing Mao
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
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Xu Y, Shi Z, Sun D, Munivrana G, Liang M, István B, Radak Z, Baker JS, Gu Y. Establishment of hypertension risk nomograms based on physical fitness parameters for men and women: a cross-sectional study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1152240. [PMID: 37771672 PMCID: PMC10523331 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1152240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to establish hypertension risk nomograms for Chinese male and female adults, respectively. Method A series of questionnaire surveys, physical assessments, and biochemical indicator tests were performed on 18,367 adult participants in China. The optimization of variable selection was conducted by running cyclic coordinate descent with 10-fold cross-validation through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The nomograms were built by including the predictors selected through multivariable logistic regression. Calibration plots, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), decision curve analysis (DCA), clinical impact curves (CIC), and net reduction curve plots (NRC) were used to validate the models. Results Out of a total of 18 variables, 5 predictors-namely age, body mass index, waistline, hipline, and resting heart rate-were identified for the hypertension risk predictive model for men with an area under the ROC of 0.693 in the training set and 0.707 in the validation set. Seven predictors-namely age, body mass index, body weight, cardiovascular disease history, waistline, resting heart rate, and daily activity level-were identified for the hypertension risk predictive model for women with an area under the ROC of 0.720 in the training set and 0.748 in the validation set. The nomograms for both men and women were externally well-validated. Conclusion Gender differences may induce heterogeneity in hypertension risk prediction between men and women. Besides basic demographic and anthropometric parameters, information related to the functional status of the cardiovascular system and physical activity appears to be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiyong Shi
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Minjun Liang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bíró István
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Teo EC, Gu Y. Finite Element Analysis of Head-Neck Kinematics in Rear-End Impact Conditions with Headrest. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1059. [PMID: 37760161 PMCID: PMC10525499 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed three-dimensional (3D) head-neck (C0-C7) finite element (FE) model was developed and used to dictate the motions of each cervical spinal segment under static physiological loadings of flexion and extension with a magnitude of 1.0 Nm and rear-end impacts. In this dynamic study, a rear-end impact pulse was applied to C7 to create accelerations of 4.5 G and 8.5 G. The predicted segmental motions and displacements of the head were in agreement with published results under physiological loads of 1.0 Nm. Under rear-end impact conditions, the effects of peak pulse acceleration and headrest angles on the kinematic responses of the head-neck complex showed rates of increase/decrease in the rotational motion of various cervical spinal segments that were different in the first 200 ms. The peak flexion rotation of all segments was lower than the combined ROM of flexion and extension. The peak extension rotation of all segments showed variation compared to the combined ROM of flexion and extension depending on G and the headrest angle. A higher acceleration of C7 increased the peak extension angle of lower levels, but the absolute increase was restricted by the distance between the head and the headrest. A change in the headrest angle from 45° to 30° resulted in a change in extension rotation at the lower C5-C6 segments to flexion rotation, which further justified the effectiveness of having distance between the head and the headrest. This study shows that the existing C0-C7 FE model is efficient at defining the gross reactions of the human cervical spine under both physiological static and simulated whiplash circumstances. The fast rate of changes in flexion and extension rotation of various segments may result in associated soft tissues and bony structures experiencing tolerances beyond their material characteristic limits. It is suggested that a proper location and angle of the headrest could effectively prevent the cervical spine from injury in traumatic vehicular accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (H.J.); (Y.G.)
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hanhui Jiang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (H.J.); (Y.G.)
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ee Chon Teo
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (H.J.); (Y.G.)
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (H.J.); (Y.G.)
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Zheng BW, Shen Y, Guan DY, Gu Y, Li CX, Yang YC. [The prevention and treatment of severe adverse reactions to specific subcutaneous immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 58:941-944. [PMID: 37675537 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20230403-00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B W Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - D Y Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - C X Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y C Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Yu P, Cen X, Xiang L, Mei Q, Wang A, Gu Y, Fernandez J. Regional plantar forces and surface geometry variations of a chronic ankle instability population described by statistical shape modelling. Gait Posture 2023; 106:11-17. [PMID: 37611480 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding detailed foot morphology as well as regional plantar forces could provide insight into foot function and provide recommendation for footwear design for chronic ankle instability (CAI) people. RESEARCH QUESTION This study presented 3-dimensional statistical shape models of feet from three different populations including CAI, copers and healthy individuals, with regional plantar forces also acquired. METHODS Sixty-six males (22 participants per group) were included in this study to capture 3-dimensional foot shapes under a standing condition and regional plantar forces during a cutting maneuver. Principal component analysis was performed to generate a mean foot shape of each group as well as modes of variations. A generalized procrustes analysis was used to achieve rapid registration of mean shapes. Besides, regional plantar forces and contact duration among these three populations were compared. RESULTS For 3-dimensional foot shapes, although no significant differences of the average distance between each mode and mean shape were found among three populations, there were subtle variations in mean shapes. The CAI population presented a more bulging of the lateral malleolus; copers were characterized by the flexion of the lesser toes, a more bulging of the medial foot in the sagittal plane; and healthy individuals showed a greater heel width and a more bulging of the heel in the sagittal plane. In terms of plantar forces, healthy individuals had significantly greater summated plantar forces and greater plantar forces in the lateral heel area during the early contact phase compared to copers and CAI participants. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, this study suggested that repetitive ankle sprains may lead to the bulging of the lateral malleolus. Further, CAI and copers seem to stabilize the ankle joint by medially shifting the center of pressure compared to healthy individuals under the static and less challenging dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peimin Yu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xuanzhen Cen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Liangliang Xiang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan Wang
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hoost SS, Brickman AM, Manly JJ, Honig LS, Gu Y, Sanchez D, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Lantigua RA, Kang MS, Dage JL, Mayeux R. Effects of Vascular Risk Factors on the Association of Blood-Based Biomarkers with Alzheimer's Disease. Med Res Arch 2023; 11:10.18103/mra.v11i9.4468. [PMID: 38037598 PMCID: PMC10688358 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i9.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Comorbidities may influence the levels of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated whether differences in risk factors or comorbid conditions might explain the discordance between clinical diagnosis and biomarker classifications in a multi-ethnic cohort of elderly individuals. Aims To evaluate the relationship of medical conditions and other characteristics, including body mass index (BMI), vascular risk factors, and head injury, with cognitive impairment and blood-based biomarkers of AD, phosphorylated tau (P-tau 181, P-tau 217), in a multi-ethnic cohort. Methods Three-hundred individuals, aged 65 and older, were selected from a prospective community-based cohort for equal representation among three racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic White, Hispanic/Latino and African American/Black. Participants were classified into four groups based on absence (Asym) or presence (Sym) of cognitive impairment and low (NEG) or high (POS) P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 levels, determined previously in the same cohort: (Asym/NEG, Asym/POS, Sym/NEG, Sym/POS). We examined differences in individual characteristics across the four groups. We performed post-hoc analysis examining the differences across biomarker and cognitive status. Results P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 positive individuals had lower BMI than P-tau negative participants, regardless of symptom status. Symptomatic and asymptomatic participants did not differ in terms of BMI. BMI was not a mediator of the effect of P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 on dementia. Frequencies of other risk factors did not differ between the four groups of individuals. Conclusions Participants with higher levels of P-tau 217 or P-tau 181 consistent with AD had lower BMI regardless of whether the individual was symptomatic. These findings suggest that weight loss may change with AD biomarker levels before onset of cognitive decline. They do not support BMI as a confounding variable. Further longitudinal studies could explore the relationship of risk factors with clinical diagnoses and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- SS Hoost
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - AM Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - JJ Manly
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - LS Honig
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Y Gu
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - D Sanchez
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - D Reyes-Dumeyer
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - RA Lantigua
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - MS Kang
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - JL Dage
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - R Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
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Newton‐Fenner A, Hewitt D, Henderson J, Fallon N, Gu Y, Gorelkina O, Giesbrecht T, Stancak A. A comparison of reward processing during Becker-DeGroot-Marschak and Vickrey auctions: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14313. [PMID: 37076995 PMCID: PMC10909440 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Vickrey auctions (VA) and Becker-DeGroot-Marschak auctions (BDM) are strategically equivalent demand-revealing mechanisms, differentiated only by a human opponent in the VA, and a random-number-generator opponent in the BDM. Game parameters are such that players are incentivized to reveal their private subjective values (SV) and behavior should be identical in both tasks. However, this has been repeatedly shown not to be the case. In this study, the neural correlates of outcome feedback processing during VA and BDM were directly compared using electroencephalography. Twenty-eight healthy participants bid for household products which were then divided into high- and low-SV categories. The VA included a human opponent deception to induce a social environment, while in reality a random-number-generator was used in both tasks. A P3 component peaking at 336 ms over midline parietal sites showed more positive amplitudes for high bid values, and for win outcomes in the VA but not the BDM. Both auctions also elicited a Reward Positivity potential, maximal at 275 ms along the central midline electrodes, that was not modulated by auction task or SV. Further, an exploratory N170 potential in the right occipitotemporal electrodes and a vertex positive potential component were stronger in the VA relative to the BDM. Results point to an enhanced cortical response to bid outcomes during VA task in a potential component associated with emotional control, and to the occurrence of face-sensitive potentials in VA but not in BDM auction. These findings suggest modulation of bid outcome processing by the social-competitive aspect of auction tasks. Directly comparing two prominent auction paradigms affords the opportunity to isolate the impact of social environment on competitive, risky decision-making. Findings suggest that feedback processing as early as 176 ms is facilitated by the presence of a human competitor, and later processing is modulated by social context and subjective value.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Newton‐Fenner
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Institute of Risk and UncertaintyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - D. Hewitt
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - J. Henderson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - N. Fallon
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Y. Gu
- Management SchoolUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Henley Business SchoolUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - O. Gorelkina
- Management SchoolUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | - A. Stancak
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Institute of Risk and UncertaintyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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Su Z, Li Y, Wang C, Guo J, Guo L, Gu Y. Directional atherectomy combined with drug-coated balloon angioplasty for superficial femoral arteriosclerosis obliterans. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:627-631. [PMID: 36927132 PMCID: PMC10471432 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study is an analysis of the therapeutic effects of directional atherectomy combined with drug-coated balloon angioplasty (DA+DCB) in treating superficial femoral arteriosclerosis obliterans. METHODS Patients in our hospital with superficial femoral arteriosclerosis obliterans who received DA+DCB during the period June 2016 to February 2019 were identified retrospectively. Preoperative demographics, operative details and postoperative follow-up outcomes were analysed statistically. RESULTS Between June 2016 and February 2019, 48 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The average age of the patients was 66.85 ± 11.28 years; 83.3% of the patients were male. During the procedure, flow-limiting dissection occurred frequently (9/48 patients) and there were six bailout stent implantations owing to flow-limiting dissections. The incidence rate of target artery thrombosis was 4.2% (2/48). There was no vessel perforation, embolism or operation-related death. The technical success rate was estimated at 100%. The mean ankle-brachial index of the patients was 0.54 ± 0.28 before the operation and 0.93 ± 0.13 before discharge (p < 0.0001). The mean follow-up time was 19.6 ± 9.0 months. The primary patency rate was 89.4%, 82.4% and 76.5% at 12, 24 and 36 months. The freedom from target lesion revascularisation (TLR) was 97.9%, 93.8% and 84.4% at 12, 24 and 36 months. CONCLUSION The use of DA+DCB showed good clinical benefit for superficial femoral arteriosclerosis obliterans, which had good primary patency and freedom from TLR. Multicentre randomised controlled trials with long-term follow-up are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Li
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - C Wang
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - J Guo
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Guo
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Gu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Taylor EW, Ugbolue UC, Gao Y, Gu Y, Baker JS, Dutheil F. Erector Spinae Muscle Activation During Forward Movement in Individuals With or Without Chronic Lower Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2023; 5:100280. [PMID: 37744192 PMCID: PMC10517367 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2023.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the differences between erector spinae muscle activation in healthy individuals and patients with Chronic Lower Back Pain (CLBP) by conducting (a) systematic review and (b) meta-analysis. Data Sources PubMed, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar were used to conduct the searches, which included studies up to the 31st of March 2023 with no start date specified. Study Selection Any study otherwise meeting eligibility criteria was included if it reported either (1) a standard mean difference effect size; or (2) the means, SDs, and sample sizes for both the patient group and the comparator group. Data Extraction A total of 7 case control trials were used for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Synthesis The systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that total standardized mean difference in erector spinae muscle activation between healthy individuals vs patients with CLBP expressed in % maximum voluntary isometric contraction was 0.48 (95% confidence interval=0.21-0.74; P<.001) with the heterogeneity being I2=0% (P=.890). The electromyography (EMG) outputs showed significant differences in activation levels between the healthy and CLBP cohorts (P<.001). Conclusions A small effect size was found in the meta-analysis. The muscle activation levels of the erector spinae during forward propulsion were higher in CLBP individuals compared with healthy cohorts. The findings provide more clarity about the muscles that were the focus of previous research, what procedures were used to evaluate muscular contributions and what speeds the participants were moving at during the test sessions. Given the limited methodological quality of the included studies, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Future research should evaluate the effect of other factors such as walking distance and any changes in walking surfaces and gradients (ie, non-flat surfaces).
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan W. Taylor
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - U. Chris Ugbolue
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Gao
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, WittyFit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Kovács B, Petridis L, Négyesi J, Sebestyén Ö, Jingyi Y, Zhang J, Gu Y, Tihanyi J. An Acute Transition from Rearfoot to Forefoot Strike does not Induce Major Changes in Plantarflexor Muscles Activation for Habitual Rearfoot Strike Runners. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:512-525. [PMID: 37711699 PMCID: PMC10499148 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Footstrike pattern has received increased attention within the running community because there is a common belief that forefoot strike running (FFS) is more advantageous (i.e., improve performance and reduce running injuries) than rearfoot strike running (RFS) in distance running. Literature reports suggest greater knee joint flexion magnitude and initial knee angle during stance in FFS compared with RFS running We examined the EMG activation of the triceps surae muscles during an acute transition from RFS to FFS strike. We tested the hypothesis that due to larger knee flexion in FFS the gastrocnemius muscles possibly decrease their EMG activity because muscle fascicles operate under unfavorable conditions. Fourteen competitive healthy middle- and long-distance runners who were habitual RFS runners ran on a treadmill at three speeds: 12, 14, and 16 km·h-1. Each running speed was performed with both FFS and RFS patterns. Lower limb kinematics in the sagittal plane and normalized electromyography (EMG) activity of medial gastrocnemius proximal, middle and distal regions, lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were compared between footstrike patterns and running speeds across the stride cycle. Contrary to our expectations, the knee joint range of motion was similar in FFS and RFS running. However, the sagittal plane ankle joint motion was greater (p < 0.01) while running with FFS, resulting in a significantly greater muscle-tendon unit lengthening (p < 0.01) in FFS compared with RFS running. In addition, medial and lateral gastrocnemius showed higher EMG activity in FFS compared with RFS running in the late swing and early stance but only for a small percentage of the stride cycle. However, strike patterns and running speed failed to induce region-specific activation differences within the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Overall, well-trained RFS runners are able to change to FFS running by altering only the ankle joint kinematics without remarkably changing the EMG activity pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Kovács
- Ningbo University, Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo, China
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sport Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Leonidas Petridis
- Research Centre for Sport Physiology, Hungarian University of Sport Sciences, Hungary
| | - János Négyesi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Örs Sebestyén
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sport Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ye Jingyi
- Ningbo University, Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Radiology, HwaMei Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Ningbo University, Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo, China
| | - József Tihanyi
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sport Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Gao L, Ye J, Bálint K, Radak Z, Mao Z, Gu Y. Biomechanical effects of exercise fatigue on the lower limbs of men during the forward lunge. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1182833. [PMID: 37664426 PMCID: PMC10470642 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1182833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: During competition and training, exercises involving the lungs may occur throughout the sport, and fatigue is a major injury risk factor in sport, before and after fatigue studies of changes in the lungs are relatively sparse. This study is to investigate into how fatigue affects the lower limb's biomechanics during a forward lunge. Methods: 15 healthy young men participate in this study before and after to exposed to a fatigue protocol then we tested the forward lunge to obtain kinematic, kinetic changing during the task, and to estimate the corresponding muscles' strength changes in the hip, knee, and ankle joints. The measurement data before and after the fatigue protocol were compared with paired samples t-test. Results: In the sagittal and horizontal planes of the hip and knee joints, in both, the peak angles and joint range of motion (ROM) increased, whereas the moments in the sagittal plane of the knee joint smaller. The ankle joint's maximum angle smaller after fatigue. Peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and peak contact both significantly smaller after completing the fatigue protocol and the quadriceps mean and maximum muscular strength significantly increased. Conclusion: After completing a fatigue protocol during lunge the hip, knee, and ankle joints become less stable in both sagittal and horizontal planes, hip and knee range of motion becomes greater. The quadriceps muscles are more susceptible to fatigue and reduced muscle force. Trainers should focus more on the thigh muscle groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Gao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingyi Ye
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kovács Bálint
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zhuqing Mao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Bakonyi P, Kolonics A, Aczel D, Zhou L, Mozaffaritabar S, Molnár K, László L, Kutasi B, Tanisawa K, Park J, Gu Y, Pinho RA, Radak Z. Voluntary exercise does not increase gastrointestinal motility but increases spatial memory, intestinal eNOS, Akt levels, and Bifidobacteria abundance in the microbiome. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1173636. [PMID: 37664431 PMCID: PMC10468588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1173636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the gut and brain is a great puzzle since it is mediated by very complex mechanisms. Therefore, the possible interactions of the brain-exercise-intestine-microbiome axis were investigated in a control (C, N = 6) and voluntarily exercised (VE, N = 8) middle-aged rats. The endurance capacity was assessed by VO2max on the treadmill, spatial memory by the Morris maze test, gastrointestinal motility by EMG, the microbiome by 16S RNA gene amplicon sequencing, caveolae by electron microscopy, and biochemical assays were used to measure protein levels and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Eight weeks of voluntary running increased VO2max, and spatial memory was assessed by the Morris maze test but did not significantly change the motility of the gastrointestinal tract or production of ROS in the intestine. The protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein levels significantly increased in the intestine, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NFR1), SIRT1, SIRT3, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) did not change. On the other hand, voluntary exercise increased the number of caveolae in the smooth muscles of the intestine and relative abundance of Bifidobacteria in the microbiome, which correlated with the Akt levels in the intestine. Voluntary exercise has systemic effects and the relationship between intestinal Akt and the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract could be an important adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bakonyi
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kolonics
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Aczel
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lei Zhou
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Soroosh Mozaffaritabar
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos László
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Kutasi
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Jonguk Park
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ricardo A. Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Xia Y, Shen S, Jia SW, Teng J, Gu Y, Fekete G, Korim T, Zhao H, Wei Q, Yang F. Gender differences in footwear characteristics between half and full marathons in China: a cross-sectional survey. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13020. [PMID: 37563273 PMCID: PMC10415251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There are concerns about the risk of injuries caused by marathons in China. Since male and female runners have different injury risks, gender differences in running shoe functionality should be further complemented. A supervised questionnaire survey of 626 marathon runners was collected. The questionnaire was categorized into four sections: (1) participant profile, (2) importance of shoe properties, (3) functional evaluation of shoe properties and (4) importance ranking of shoe properties. The Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test of cross tabulation and Chi-square test, and two-way ANOVA were used to analyze the results of this survey. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. The full marathon participants were older than the half marathon participants. There was no gender difference in the importance of shoe features to elite runners. In addition, women are more concerned about upper elasticity and have higher requirements for running shoes than men. Women were more focused on injury prevention, while men were more focused on running performance. Heel cushioning was identified by all participants as the most important running shoe feature. There were no gender differences between elite players' demand for running shoes, but significant gender differences were found between genders at other running levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Xia
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqin Shen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Sheng-Wei Jia
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin Teng
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Gusztáv Fekete
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Tamás Korim
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Physical Education, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing, China.
- Department of Physical Education and Research, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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50
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Yu L, Jiang H, Mei Q, Mohamad NI, Fernandez J, Gu Y. Intelligent prediction of lower extremity loadings during badminton lunge footwork in a lab-simulated court. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1229574. [PMID: 37614628 PMCID: PMC10442659 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1229574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Playing badminton has been reported with extensive health benefits, while main injuries were documented in the lower extremity. This study was aimed to investigate and predict the knee- and ankle-joint loadings of athletes who play badminton, with "gold standard" facilities. The axial impact acceleration from wearables would be used to predict joint moments and contact forces during sub-maximal and maximal lunge footwork. Methods: A total of 25 badminton athletes participated in this study, following a previously established protocol of motion capture and musculoskeletal modelling techniques with the integration of a wearable inertial magnetic unit (IMU). We developed a principal component analysis (PCA) statistical model to extract features in the loading parameters and a multivariate partial least square regression (PLSR) machine learning model to correlate easily collected variables, such as the stance time, approaching velocity, and peak accelerations, with knee and ankle loading parameters (moments and contact forces). Results: The key variances of joint loadings were observed from statistical principal component analysis modelling. The promising accuracy of the partial least square regression model using input parameters was observed with a prediction accuracy of 94.52%, while further sensitivity analysis found a single variable from the ankle inertial magnetic unit that could predict an acceptable range (93%) of patterns and magnitudes of the knee and ankle loadings. Conclusion: The attachment of this single inertial magnetic unit sensor could be used to record and predict loading accumulation and distribution, and placement would exhibit less influence on the motions of the lower extremity. The intelligent prediction of loading patterns and accumulation could be integrated to design training and competition schemes in badminton or other court sports in a scientific manner, thus preventing fatigue, reducing loading-accumulation-related injury, and maximizing athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hanhui Jiang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nur Ikhwan Mohamad
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim, Malaysia
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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