951
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Bonnet S. Shifting the Light Activation of Metallodrugs to the Red and Near-Infrared Region in Anticancer Phototherapy. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2014.979286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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952
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Yang Y, Ma B, Jin Y, Ben W, Zhang D, Jiang K, Feng S, Huang L, Zheng J. Bioinformatic mining of kinase inhibitors that regulate autophagy through kinase signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3348-56. [PMID: 25323421 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to predict the kinase inhibitors that may regulate autophagy. A total of 62 kinases were obtained through text mining by importing the keyword 'autophagy' and a 'protein kinase' Excel file to PubMed. Subsequently, 146 kinases were derivated through screening in the PubMed database by importing the 'autophagy‑associated gene' and 'protein kinase' files. Following intersection of the above two methods, 54 candidate autophagy‑associated kinases were obtained. Enrichment analysis indicated that these candidate autophagy‑associated kinases were mainly enriched in pathways such as the calcium, Wnt, HIF‑1 and mTOR signaling pathways. Among the 54 kinases, 24 were identified through text mining to have specific kinase inhibitors that regulate the corresponding functions; a total of 56 kinase inhibitors were found to be involved in the regulation of these 24 kinases. In total, nine of these 56 kinase inhibitors identified had been widely reported in autophagy regulation studies, 23 kinase inhibitors had been seldom reported and 24 had never been reported. Therefore, introducing these kinases into autophagy regulation analysis in subsequent studies may produce important results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Biao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Keping Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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953
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Monitoring Tumor Response After Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Treatment Using 3′-Deoxy-3′-[18F]-fluorothymidine PET. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 17:394-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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954
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Shi QQ, Zuo GW, Feng ZQ, Zhao LC, Luo L, You ZM, Li DY, Xia J, Li J, Chen DL. Effect of Trichostatin A on Anti HepG2 Liver Carcinoma Cells: Inhibition of HDAC Activity and Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:7849-55. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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955
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Kalaivani P, Prabhakaran R, Dallemer F, Natarajan K. Photophysical properties and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of new Ru(ii) carbonyl complexes and mixed geometrical Ru(ii)–Ni(ii) complex in HS-DNA/BSA protein and human lung (A549) and liver (HepG2) cells. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08492f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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956
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Abstract
Death associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK) is an important serine/theoreine kinase involved in various cellular processes such as apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation. DAPK expression and activity are misregulated in multiple diseases including cancer, neuronal death, stoke, et al. Methylation of the DAPK gene is common in many types of cancer and can lead to loss of DAPK expression. In this review, we summarize the pathological status and functional roles of DAPK in disease and compare the published reagents that can manipulate the expression or activity of DAPK. The pleiotropic functions of DAPK make it an intriguing target and the barriers and opportunities for targeting DAPK for future clinical application are discussed.
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957
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Abstract
DAP-kinase (DAPK) is a Ca(2+)-calmodulin regulated kinase with various, diverse cellular activities, including regulation of apoptosis and caspase-independent death programs, cytoskeletal dynamics, and immune functions. Recently, DAPK has also been shown to be a critical regulator of autophagy, a catabolic process whereby the cell consumes cytoplasmic contents and organelles within specialized vesicles, called autophagosomes. Here we present the latest findings demonstrating how DAPK modulates autophagy. DAPK positively contributes to the induction stage of autophagosome nucleation by modulating the Vps34 class III phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase complex by two independent mechanisms. The first involves a kinase cascade in which DAPK phosphorylates protein kinase D, which then phosphorylates and activates Vps34. In the second mechanism, DAPK directly phosphorylates Beclin 1, a necessary component of the Vps34 complex, thereby releasing it from its inhibitor, Bcl-2. In addition to these established pathways, we will discuss additional connections between DAPK and autophagy and potential mechanisms that still remain to be fully validated. These include myosin-dependent trafficking of Atg9-containing vesicles to the sites of autophagosome formation, membrane fusion events that contribute to expansion of the autophagosome membrane and maturation through the endocytic pathway, and trafficking to the lysosome on microtubules. Finally, we discuss how DAPK's participation in the autophagic process may be related to its function as a tumor suppressor protein, and its role in neurodegenerative diseases.
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958
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Zhang J, Zhong Q. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3885-901. [PMID: 24898083 PMCID: PMC4414051 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a vast family of enzymes involved in chromatin remodeling and have crucial roles in numerous biological processes, largely through their repressive influence on transcription. In addition to modifying histones, HDACs also target many other non-histone protein substrates to regulate gene expression. Recently, HDACs have gained growing attention as HDAC-inhibiting compounds are being developed as promising cancer therapeutics. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to induce differentiation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis in a variety of transformed cell lines. In this review, we mainly discuss how HDACi may elicit a therapeutic response to human cancers through different cell death pathways, in particular, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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959
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Altered gene products involved in the malignant reprogramming of cancer stem/progenitor cells and multitargeted therapies. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 39:3-32. [PMID: 23994756 PMCID: PMC3938987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in the field of cancer stem cells have revealed that the alterations in key gene products involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, altered metabolic pathways such as enhanced glycolysis, lipogenesis and/or autophagy and treatment resistance may occur in cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during cancer progression. Particularly, the sustained activation of diverse developmental cascades such as hedgehog, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/TGF-βR receptors and/or stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) can play critical functions for high self-renewal potential, survival, invasion and metastases of cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies. It has also been observed that cancer cells may be reprogrammed to re-express different pluripotency-associated stem cell-like markers such as Myc, Oct-3/4, Nanog and Sox-2 along the EMT process and under stressful and hypoxic conditions. Moreover, the enhanced expression and/or activities of some drug resistance-associated molecules such as Bcl-2, Akt/molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug transporters frequently occur in cancer cells during cancer progression and metastases. These molecular events may cooperate for the survival and acquisition of a more aggressive and migratory behavior by cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during cancer transition to metastatic and recurrent disease states. Of therapeutic interest, these altered gene products may also be exploited as molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets to develop novel multitargeted strategies for improving current cancer therapies and preventing disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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960
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The Molecular Mechanisms Between Autophagy and Apoptosis: Potential Role in Central Nervous System Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:85-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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961
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Harada-Shirado K, Ikeda K, Ogawa K, Ohkawara H, Kimura H, Kai T, Noji H, Morishita S, Komatsu N, Takeishi Y. Dysregulation of the MIRLET7/HMGA2 axis with methylation of the CDKN2A promoter in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Br J Haematol 2014; 168:338-49. [PMID: 25236537 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of high mobility group AT-hook 2 (Hmga2), which is negatively regulated by MIRLET7 micro RNAs through 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR), causes proliferative haematopoiesis mimicking myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and contributes to progression of myelofibrosis in mice. Thus, we investigated HMGA2 mRNA expression in 66 patients with MPNs including 23 polycythaemia vera (PV), 33 essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and 10 primary myelofibrosis (PMF). HMGA2 mRNA expression, especially variant 1 with 3'UTR that contains MIRLET7-specific sites, rather than variant 2 lacking 3'UTR, is frequently deregulated due to decreased MIRLET7 expression in granulocytes from over 20% of PV and ET, and in either granulocytes or CD34(+) cells from 100% of PMF. Patients with deregulated HMGA2 mRNA expression were significantly more likely to show splenomegaly, high serum lactate dehydrogenase values, and methylation of the CDKN2A promoter compared with other patients without deregulation of HMGA2. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, panobinostat, significantly increased MIRLET7 expression and reduced variant 1 of HMGA2 mRNA expression, but not variant 2, in both U937 cells and PMF-derived CD34(+) cells. Moreover, both panobinostat and small interfering RNA of HMGA2 demethylated the CDKN2A promoter in U937 cells. In conclusion, the frequently dysregulated MIRLET7/HMGA2 axis could be a therapeutic target in MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Harada-Shirado
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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962
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Zhang J, Li Y, Fang X, Zhou D, Wang Y, Chen M. TPGS-g-PLGA/Pluronic F68 mixed micelles for tanshinone IIA delivery in cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2014; 476:185-98. [PMID: 25223472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (TAN) has few clinical applications for anti-cancer therapy mainly due to its high lipophicity, low cellular uptake, and poor bioavailability. To improve the anti-cancer effect and bioavailability of TAN, we developed a mixed micelle system constituted with D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate-graft-poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (TPGS-g-PLGA) copolymer and Pluronic F68. TAN was encapsulated in the TPGS-g-PLGA/Pluronic F68 mixed micelles by using the thin film hydration technology optimized by the central composite design/response surface method (CCD/RSM). TAN-loaded mixed micelles were highly stable in the presence or absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and achieved sustained drug release in vitro. Compared with free TAN, TAN mixed micelles had higher cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic effects against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. The significant enhancement on pro-apoptosis by TAN micelles was evidenced by increased chromosome condensation, mitochondria membrane potential loss, cell apoptosis, and cleavages of caspase-3 and PARP. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies revealed that TAN mixed micelles significantly prolonged the circulation time and improved bioavailability of TAN in rats. These results demonstrated that TAN-loaded TPGS-g-PLGA/F68 mixed micelles are an effective strategy to deliver TAN for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiefan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of FL, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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963
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Tasoulas J, Giaginis C, Patsouris E, Manolis E, Theocharis S. Histone deacetylase inhibitors in oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 24:69-78. [PMID: 25216628 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.952368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The involvement of the histone deacetylases (HDACs) family in tumor development and progression is well demonstrated. HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) constitute a novel, heterogeneous family of highly selective anticancer agents that inhibit HDACs and present significant antitumor activity in several human malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Areas covered: This review summarizes the current research on the anticancer activity of HDACis against OSCC. The review also presents the molecular mechanisms of HDACis action and the existing studies evaluating their utilization in combined therapies of OSCC. Expert opinion: The currently available data support evidence that HDACis may provide new therapeutic options against OSCC, decreasing treatment side effects and allowing a more conservative therapeutic approach. Future research should be focused on in vivo and clinical evaluation of their utilization as combined therapies or monotherapies. Before HDACis can be brought into clinical practice as treatment options for OSCC, further evaluation is needed to determine their optimal dosage, the appropriate duration of treatment and whether they should be used in combination or as stand-alone therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tasoulas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, First Department of Pathology , Athens , Greece
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964
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Anestopoulos I, Voulgaridou GP, Georgakilas AG, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Epigenetic therapy as a novel approach in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 145:103-19. [PMID: 25205159 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver malignancy and one with high fatality. Its 5-year survival rate remains low and thus, there is a need for improvement of current treatment strategies as well as development of novel targeted methodologies in order to optimize existing therapeutic protocols. To this end, only recently, it was discovered that its pathophysiology also involves epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and/or non-coding microRNA patterns. Unlike genetic events, epigenetic alterations are reversible and thus potentially considered to be an alternative option in cancer treatment protocols. In this review, we describe the general characteristics and resulted major alterations of the epigenetic machinery as well as current state of progress of epigenetic therapy (via different single or combinatorial experimental approaches) in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- School of Applied Mathematical & Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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965
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MicroRNA-binding site SNPs in deregulated genes are associated with clinical outcome of non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2014; 85:442-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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966
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Bolukbas S, Schirren J. eComment. Laser application on lung parenchyma. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 18:95. [PMID: 24352491 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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967
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Hui KF, Leung YY, Yeung PL, Middeldorp JM, Chiang AKS. Combination of SAHA and bortezomib up-regulates CDKN2A and CDKN1A and induces apoptosis of Epstein-Barr virus-positive Wp-restricted Burkitt lymphoma and lymphoblastoid cell lines. Br J Haematol 2014; 167:639-50. [PMID: 25155625 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent proteins exert anti-apoptotic effects on EBV-transformed lymphoid cells by down-regulating BCL2L11 (BIM), CDKN2A (p16(INK4A) ) and CDKN1A (p21(WAF1) ). However, the potential therapeutic effects of targeting these anti-apoptotic mechanisms remain unexplored. Here, we tested both in vitro and in vivo effects of the combination of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and proteasome inhibitors on the apoptosis of six endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lines of different latency patterns (types I and III and Wp-restricted) and three lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). We found that the combination of HDAC and proteasome inhibitors (e.g. SAHA/bortezomib) synergistically induced the killing of Wp-restricted and latency III BL and LCLs but not latency I BL cells. The synergistic killing was due to apoptosis, as evidenced by the high percentage of annexin V positivity and strong cleavage of PARP1 (PARP) and CASP3 (caspase-3). Concomitantly, SAHA/bortezomib up-regulated the expression of CDKN2A and CDKN1A but did not affect the level of BCL2L11 or BHRF1 (viral homologue of BCL2). The apoptotic effects were dependent on reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, SAHA/bortezomib suppressed the growth of Wp-restricted BL xenografts in nude mice. This study provides the rationale to test the novel application of SAHA/bortezomib on the treatment of EBV-associated Wp-restricted BL and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwai Fung Hui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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968
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Kiesslich T, Helander L, Illig R, Oberdanner C, Wagner A, Lettner H, Jakab M, Plaetzer K. Real-time analysis of endogenous protoporphyrin IX fluorescence from δ-aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives reveals distinct time- and dose-dependent characteristics in vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:085007. [PMID: 25117078 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.8.085007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodiagnosis based on the intracellular production of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) by administration of its metabolic precursor -aminolevulinic acid (ALA) achieved their breakthrough upon the clinical approval of MAL (ALA methyl ester) and HAL (ALA hexyl ester). For newly developed ALA derivatives or application in new tumor types, in vitro determination of PPIX formation involves multiparametric experiments covering variable pro-drug concentrations, medium composition, time points of analysis, and cell type(s). This study uses a fluorescence microplate reader with a built-in temperature and atmosphere control to investigate the high-resolution long-term kinetics (72 h) of cellular PPIX fueled by administration of either ALA, MAL, or HAL for each 10 different concentrations. For simultaneous proliferation correction, A431 cells were stably transfected with green fluorescent protein. The results indicate that the peak PPIX level is a function of both, incubation concentration and period: maximal PPIX is generated with 1 to 2-mM ALA/MAL or 0.125-mM HAL; also, the PPIX peak shifts to longer incubation periods with increasing pro-drug concentrations. The results underline the need for detailed temporal analysis of PPIX formation to optimize ALA (derivative)-based PDT or photodiagnosis and highlight the value of environment-controlled microplate readers for automated in vitro analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kiesslich
- Paracelsus Medical University, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Strubergasse 21, Salzburg A-5020, AustriabParacelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Department of Internal Medicine I, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg A-5020, Au
| | - Linda Helander
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Erling Skjalgssons gate 1, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Romana Illig
- Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Institute of Pathology, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | | | - Andrej Wagner
- Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Department of Internal Medicine I, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Herbert Lettner
- University of Salzburg, Department of Materials Science and Physics, Division of Physics and Biophysics, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Martin Jakab
- Paracelsus Medical University, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Strubergasse 21, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Kristjan Plaetzer
- University of Salzburg, Department of Materials Science and Physics, Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
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969
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Ye RR, Tan CP, He L, Chen MH, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes as targeted theranostic anticancer therapeutics: combining HDAC inhibition with photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10945-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05215c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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970
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Histone deacetylase 2 controls p53 and is a critical factor in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:524-38. [PMID: 25072962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) regulates biological processes by deacetylation of histones and non-histone proteins. HDAC2 is overexpressed in numerous cancer types, suggesting general cancer-relevant functions of HDAC2. In human tumors the TP53 gene encoding p53 is frequently mutated and wild-type p53 is often disarmed. Molecular pathways inactivating wild-type p53 often remain to be defined and understood. Remarkably, current data link HDAC2 to the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 by deacetylation and to the maintenance of genomic stability. Here, we summarize recent findings on HDAC2 overexpression in solid and hematopoietic cancers with a focus on mechanisms connecting HDAC2 and p53 in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we present an evidence-based model that integrates molecular pathways and feedback loops by which p53 and further transcription factors govern the expression and the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of HDAC2 and of p53 itself. Understanding the interactions between p53 and HDAC2 might aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches against cancer.
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971
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HU YONG, XU SHENGLIN, JIN WENSEN, YI QIYI, WEI WEI. Effect of the PTEN gene on adhesion, invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1741-7. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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972
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Farooq M, Hozzein WN, Elsayed EA, Taha NA, Wadaan MA. Identification of histone deacetylase 1 protein complexes in liver cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:915-21. [PMID: 23621261 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of mortalities worldwide. The search for new therapeutic targets is of utmost importance for improved treatment. Altered expression of HDAC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its requirement for liver formation in zebrafish, suggest that it may regulate key events in liver carcinogenesis and organogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms of HDAC1 action in liver carcinogenesis are largely unknown. The present study was conducted to identify HDAC1 interacting proteins in HepG2 cells using modified SH-double-affinity purification coupled with liquid mass spectrophotemetery. MATERIALS AND METHODS HepG2 cells were transfected with a construct containing HDAC1 with a C-terminal strepIII-HA tag as bait. Bait proteins were confirmed to be expressed in HepG2 cells by western blotting and purified by double affinity columns and protein complexes for analysis on a Thermo LTQ Orbitrap XL using a C18 nano flow ESI liquid chromatography system. RESULTS There were 27 proteins which showed novel interactions with HDAC1 identified only in this study, while 14 were among the established interactors. Various subunits of T complex proteins (TCP1) and prefoldin proteins (PFDN) were identified as interacting partners that showed high affinity with HDAC1 in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS The double affinity purification method adopted in this study was very successful in terms of specificity and reproducibility. The novel HDAC1 complex identified in this study could be better therapeutic target for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Bioproducts Research Group, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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973
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Fayyaz S, Yaylim I, Turan S, Kanwal S, Farooqi AA. Hepatocellular carcinoma: targeting of oncogenic signaling networks in TRAIL resistant cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6909-17. [PMID: 25037270 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells is impaired because of interconnectivity of proteins into complexes and signaling networks that are highly divergent in time and space. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has emerged as an attractive anticancer agent reported to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Although diametrically opposed roles of TRAIL are reported both as an inducer of apoptosis and regulator of metastasis, overwhelmingly accumulating experimental evidence highlighting apoptosis inducing activity of TRAIL is directing TRAIL into clinical trials. Insights from TRAIL mediated signaling in HCC research are catalyzing new lines of study that should not only explain molecular mechanisms of disease but also highlight emerging paradigms in restoration of TRAIL mediated apoptosis in resistant cancer cells. It is becoming progressively more understandable that phytochemicals derived from edible plants have shown potential in modelling their interactions with their target proteins. Rapidly accumulating in vitro and in-vivo evidence indicates that phytonutrients have anticancer activity in rodent models of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review we bring to limelight how phytonutrients restore apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by rebalancing pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. Evidence has started to emerge, that reveals how phytonutrients target pharmacologically intractable proteins to suppress cancer. Target-based small-molecule discovery has entered into the mainstream research in the pharmaceutical industry and a better comprehension of the genetics of patients will be essential for identification of responders and non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Fayyaz
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
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974
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Shi Q, Li J, Feng Z, Zhao L, Luo L, You Z, Li D, Xia J, Zuo G, Chen D. Effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on the migratory ability of HepG2 liver carcinoma cells: recruiting histone deacetylase and inhibiting activator protein 1 transcription factors. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1779-85. [PMID: 25051397 PMCID: PMC4148366 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous experiments, ginsenoside Rh2 induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which indicates a potential role for ginsenoside Rh2 in anticancer treatment. The effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on cancer is marked and ginsenoside Rh2 has been shown to inhibit pancreatic tumor migratory ability. In the present study, Transwell chambers were used in order to investigate whether ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the migratory ability of HepG2 liver carcinoma cells. Furthermore, to analyze activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor expression following Rh2 treatment, ten plasmids encoding Renilla luciferase coupled to the transcription factors were transiently transfected into the HepG2 cells and luciferase was detected by the Luciferase Reporter Assay system reagent. The results indicated that ginsenoside Rh2 inhibited HepG2 cell migratory ability. The expression levels of AP-1 transcription factors were increased in HepG2 cells following induction by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, but ginsenoside Rh2 suppressed this induced AP‑1 expression. AP-1 transcription factors recruit histone deacetylase (HDAC)4 and affect its transcription, thus, the expression levels of HDAC4 were also analyzed, and these were found to be increased in the Rh2 treatment group. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), a gene downstream of AP-1, was then investigated, and the treatment group expressed reduced levels of MMP3 gene and protein. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on the migratory ability of HepG2 may be presumed to occur by the recruitment of HDAC and the resulting inhibition of AP‑1 transcription factors, in order to reduce the expression levels of MMP3 gene and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiang Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, P.R. China
| | - Ziqiang Feng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, P.R. China
| | - Lvcui Zhao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, P.R. China
| | - Lian Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, P.R. China
| | - Zhimei You
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Zuo
- Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, P.R. China
| | - Dilong Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40016, P.R. China
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975
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Dong Y, Wang A. Aberrant DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma tumor suppression (Review). Oncol Lett 2014; 8:963-968. [PMID: 25120642 PMCID: PMC4114628 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation leads to altered gene expression, resulting in cancerous features. Numerous tumor suppressor genes are silenced by DNA methylation during hepatocarcinogenesis. Promoter CpG island hypermethylation is an important mechanism for inactivating tumor suppressor genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypermethylation of CpG islands in the p16 (INK4a) and p15 (INK4b) promoters may increase the risk of developing HCC, particularly hepatitis B virus-related HCC. Environmental factors can lead to geographic variations in the methylation status of CpG islands. Aberrant DNA methylation of CpG islands is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Thus, abnormal variations of DNMTs can contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. In hepatitis-related HCC, microRNAs participate in hepatocarcinogenesis by directly targeting DNMTs, during which hepatitis B virus X acts as a regulator. DNA methylation may also contribute to HCC tumorigenesis by regulating the cell cycle. Based on the importance of DNA methylation in tumor suppression of HCC, certain DNA methylations may predict the risk of tumor development, tumor staging, patient survival and HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Dong
- Oncology Department, Xiangyang Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Anping Wang
- Oncology Department, Xiangyang Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
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976
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Abstract
Signaling pathways have become a major source of targets for novel therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Survival benefits achieved with sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, are unprecedented and underscore the importance of improving our understanding of how signaling networks interact in transformed cells. Numerous signaling modules are de-regulated in HCC, including some related to growth factor signaling (e.g., IGF, EGF, PDGF, FGF, HGF), cell differentiation (WNT, Hedgehog, Notch), and angiogenesis (VEGF). Intracellular mediators such as RAS and AKT/MTOR may also play a role in HCC development and progression. Different molecular mechanisms have been shown to induce aberrant pathway activation. These include point mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and epigenetically driven down-regulation. The use of novel molecular technologies such as next-generation sequencing in HCC research has enabled the identification of novel pathways previously underexplored in the HCC field, such as chromatin remodeling and autophagy. Considering recent failures of molecular therapies in advanced clinical trials (e.g., sunitinib, brivanib), survey of these and other new pathways may provide alternative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agrin Moeini
- HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Catalonia, Madrid, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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977
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Gedaly R, Galuppo R, Daily MF, Shah M, Maynard E, Chen C, Zhang X, Esser KA, Cohen DA, Evers BM, Jiang J, Spear BT. Targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in liver cancer stem cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with FH535. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99272. [PMID: 24940873 PMCID: PMC4062395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been observed in at least 1/3 of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), and a significant number of these have mutations in the β-catenin gene. Therefore, effective inhibition of this pathway could provide a novel method to treat HCC. The purposed of this study was to determine whether FH535, which was previously shown to block the β-catenin pathway, could inhibit β-catenin activation of target genes and inhibit proliferation of Liver Cancer Stem Cells (LCSC) and HCC cell lines. Using β-catenin responsive reporter genes, our data indicates that FH535 can inhibit target gene activation by endogenous and exogenously expressed β-catenin, including the constitutively active form of β-catenin that contains a Serine37Alanine mutation. Our data also indicate that proliferation of LCSC and HCC lines is inhibited by FH535 in a dose-dependent manner, and that this correlates with a decrease in the percentage of cells in S phase. Finally, we also show that expression of two well-characterized targets of β-catenin, Cyclin D1 and Survivin, is reduced by FH535. Taken together, this data indicates that FH535 has potential therapeutic value in treatment of liver cancer. Importantly, these results suggest that this therapy may be effective at several levels by targeting both HCC and LCSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gedaly
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Roberto Galuppo
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Daily
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Malay Shah
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Erin Maynard
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Changguo Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky United States of America
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky United States of America
| | - Donald A. Cohen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jieyun Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Brett T. Spear
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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978
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Deng YJ, Tang N, Liu C, Zhang JY, An SL, Peng YL, Ma LL, Li GQ, Jiang Q, Hu CT, Wang YN, Liang YZ, Bian XW, Fang WG, Ding YQ. CLIC4, ERp29, and Smac/DIABLO derived from metastatic cancer stem-like cells stratify prognostic risks of colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3809-17. [PMID: 24916695 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer stem-like cells have been well accepted to be involved in recurrence and metastasis of cancers, but the prognostic potential of biomarkers integrating with metastasis and cancer stem-like cells for colorectal cancer is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We identified three proteins, CLIC4, ERp29, and Smac/DIABLO, from metastatic cancer stem-like cells of colorectal cancer and verified the proteins' role in metastatic behaviors. The proteins were detected by IHC in colorectal cancer tumors and matched colonic mucosa from patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery in the training cohort. The associations between proteins expression levels and five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) were evaluated to predict the survival probability in the training cohort of 421 cases and the validation cohort of 228 cases. RESULTS A three-protein panel including CLIC4, ERp29, and Smac/DIABLO, which was generated from multivariate analysis by excluding clinicopathologic characteristics from the training cohort, distinguished patients with colorectal cancer into very low-, low-, middle-, and high-risk groups with significant differences in five-year DSS probability (88.6%, 63.3%, 30.4%, 11.4%; P < 0.001). The panel is independent from tumor-node-metastasis staging system and histologic grading to predict prognosis, and also enables classification of validation cohort into four risk stratifications (five-year DSS probability is 98.2%, 80.2%, 25.6%, and 2.7%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CLIC4, ERp29, and Smac/DIABLO integrated into a novel panel based on cancer stem-like cells in association with metastasis stratify the prognostic risks of colorectal cancer. Prediction of risks with molecular markers will benefit clinicians to make decisions of individual management with postoperative colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jian Deng
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pathology and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumour Pathology;
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen; and
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital
| | - Jiang-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Department of Pathology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou
| | - Sheng-Li An
- Department of Biostatistics, Southern Medical University
| | - Yin-Li Peng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Li-Li Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Guang-Qiu Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Qiang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Chun-Ting Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Wei-Gang Fang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pathology and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumour Pathology;
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979
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Leonidova A, Pierroz V, Rubbiani R, Lan Y, Schmitz AG, Kaech A, Sigel RKO, Ferrari S, Gasser G. Photo-induced uncaging of a specific Re(i) organometallic complex in living cells. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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980
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Abaza MSI, Bahman AM, Al-Attiyah RJ. Valproic acid, an anti-epileptic drug and a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in combination with proteasome inhibitors exerts antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and chemosensitizing effects in human colorectal cancer cells: underlying molecular mechanisms. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:513-32. [PMID: 24899129 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the therapeutic efficacy of valproic acid (VPA) has been observed in patients with solid tumors, the very high concentration required to induce antitumor activity limits its clinical utility. The present study focused on the development of combined molecular targeted therapies using VPA and proteasome inhibitors (PIs: MG132, PI-1 and PR-39) to determine whether this combination of treatments has synergistic anticancer and chemosensitizing effects against colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanisms of action of the VPA/PI combinations were evaluated. The effects of VPA in combination with PIs on the growth of colorectal cancer cells were assessed with regard to proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the expression of genes that control the cell cycle, apoptosis and pro-survival/stress-related pathways. Treatment with combinations of VPA and PIs resulted in an additive/synergistic decrease in colorectal cancer cell proliferation compared to treatment with VPA or PIs alone. The combination treatment was associated with a synergistic increase in apoptosis and in the number of cells arrested in the S phase of the cell cycle. These events were associated with increased ROS generation, pro-apoptotic gene expression and stress-related gene expression. These events were also associated with the decreased expression of anti-apoptotic genes and pro-survival genes. The combination of VPA with MG132 or PI-1 enhanced the chemosensitivity of the SW1116 (29-185‑fold) and SW837 (50-620-fold) colorectal cancer cells. By contrast, the combination of VPA/PR-39 induced a pronounced increase in the chemosensitivity of the SW837 (16-54-fold) colorectal cancer cells. These data provide a rational basis for the clinical use of this combination therapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Salah I Abaza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Abdul-Majeed Bahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Raja'a J Al-Attiyah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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981
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Baicalein induces apoptosis and autophagy via endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:732516. [PMID: 24995326 PMCID: PMC4065687 DOI: 10.1155/2014/732516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a disastrous disease and the treatment for HCC is rather limited. Separation and identification of active compounds from traditionally used herbs in HCC treatment may shed light on novel therapeutic drugs for HCC. METHODS Cell viability and colony forming assay were conducted to determine anti-HCC activity. Morphology of cells and activity of caspases were analyzed. Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and JNK were also examined. Levels of unfolded protein response (UPR) markers were determined and intracellular calcium was assayed. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used to investigate the role of UPR and autophagy in baicalein-induced cell death. RESULTS Among four studied flavonoids, only baicalein exhibited satisfactory inhibition of viability and colony formation of HCC cells within water-soluble concentration. Baicalein induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, possibly by downregulating prosurvival Bcl-2 family, increasing intracellular calcium, and activating JNK. CHOP was the executor of cell death during baicalein-induced ER stress while eIF2 α and IRE1 α played protective roles. Protective autophagy was also triggered by baicalein in HCC cells. CONCLUSION Baicalein exhibits prominent anti-HCC activity. This flavonoid induces apoptosis and protective autophagy via ER stress. Combination of baicalein and autophagy inhibitors may represent a promising therapy against HCC.
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982
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Qin XY, Liu YN, Yu QQ, Yang LC, Liu Y, Zhou YH, Liu J. Mixed-ligand mononuclear copper(II) complex: crystal structure and anticancer activity. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1665-71. [PMID: 24839939 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel copper(II) complex with mixed ligands including β-[(3-formyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)amino]propionic acid anion and 1,10'-phenanthroline was synthesized, and its crystal structure was thoroughly characterized. It exerted excellent inducing apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis and antiproliferative properties in vitro. The complex can bind human serum albumin (HSA) at physiological pH conditions. Remarkably, it can induce formation of the mixed parallel/antiparallel G-quadruplex structures in the G-rich sequence of the proximal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter, and stabilize these G-quadruplex structures, which provide an opportunity for anti-angiogenesis chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, the complex showed a strong uptake, and exhibited multiple anticancer functions by inhibiting the expression of p-Akt and p-Erk1/2 proteins and by upregulating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because of the reported results, this new copper(II) complex qualifies itself as a potential anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ying Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004 (China)
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983
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Wang D, Zhao M, Chen G, Cheng X, Han X, Lin S, Zhang X, Yu X. The histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat prevents TNFα-induced necroptosis by regulating multiple signaling pathways. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1348-1362. [PMID: 23708756 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are novel anticancer reagents that have recently been reported to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects; however, the mechanisms underlying their activities are largely undefined. The data from this study show that the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) can protect L929 cells from TNFα-induced necroptosis. This effect involves multiple mechanisms, including the upregulation of cFLIPL expression, the enhanced activation of NFκB and p38 MAPK, and the inactivation of JNK. In addition, SAHA could initiate cell autophagy by inhibiting Akt and mTOR, which also play important roles in protecting cells from necroptosis. Because cell necroptosis is important for inflammation-related deterioration and neurodegenerative disease, our results indicate that preventing cell necrosis may be an important mechanism through which HDAC inhibitor compounds exert their anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, #27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, #27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Guozhu Chen
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, #27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, #27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaoxi Han
- Department of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, #27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, #27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, #27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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984
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Hui KF, Chiang AKS. Combination of proteasome and class I HDAC inhibitors induces apoptosis of NPC cells through an HDAC6-independent ER stress-induced mechanism. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2950-61. [PMID: 24771510 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The current paradigm stipulates that inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 is essential for the combinatorial effect of proteasome and HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of cancers. Our study aims to investigate the effect of combining different class I HDAC inhibitors (without HDAC6 action) with a proteasome inhibitor on apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We found that combination of a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, and several class I HDAC inhibitors, including MS-275, apicidin and romidepsin, potently induced killing of NPC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Among the drug pairs, combination of bortezomib and romidepsin (bort/romidepsin) was the most potent and could induce apoptosis at low nanomolar concentrations. The apoptosis of NPC cells was reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and caspase-dependent but was independent of HDAC6 inhibition. Of note, bort/romidepsin might directly suppress the formation of aggresome through the downregulation of c-myc. In addition, two markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis, ATF-4 and CHOP/GADD153, were upregulated, whereas a specific inhibitor of caspase-4 (an initiator of ER stress-induced apoptosis) could suppress the apoptosis. When ROS level in the NPC cells was reduced to the untreated level, ER stress-induced caspase activation was abrogated. Collectively, our data demonstrate a model of synergism between proteasome and class I HDAC inhibitors in the induction of ROS-dependent ER stress-induced apoptosis of NPC cells, independent of HDAC6 inhibition, and provide the rationale to combine the more specific and potent class I HDAC inhibitors with proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwai Fung Hui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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985
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Structure and function of BCRP, a broad specificity transporter of xenobiotics and endobiotics. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1205-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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986
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Abstract
![]()
Iridium
is a relatively rare precious heavy metal, only slightly
less dense than osmium. Researchers have long recognized the catalytic
properties of square-planar IrI complexes, such as Crabtree’s
hydrogenation catalyst, an organometallic complex with cyclooctadiene,
phosphane, and pyridine ligands. More recently, chemists have developed
half-sandwich pseudo-octahedral pentamethylcyclopentadienyl IrIII complexes containing diamine ligands that efficiently catalyze
transfer hydrogenation reactions of ketones and aldehydes in water
using H2 or formate as the hydrogen source. Although sometimes
assumed to be chemically inert, the reactivity of low-spin 5d6 IrIII centers is highly dependent on the set of
ligands. Cp* complexes with strong σ-donor C∧C-chelating ligands can even stabilize IrIV and catalyze
the oxidation of water. In comparison with well developed Ir catalysts,
Ir-based pharmaceuticals are still in their infancy. In this Account,
we review recent developments in organoiridium complexes as both catalysts
and anticancer agents. Initial studies of anticancer activity
with organoiridium complexes
focused on square-planar IrI complexes because of their
structural and electronic similarity to PtII anticancer
complexes such as cisplatin. Recently, researchers have studied half-sandwich
IrIII anticancer complexes. These complexes with the formula
[(Cpx)Ir(L∧L′)Z]0/n+ (with Cp* or extended Cp* and L∧L′ = chelated C∧N or N∧N ligands) have a much greater potency (nanomolar) toward a range
of cancer cells (especially leukemia, colon cancer, breast cancer,
prostate cancer, and melanoma) than cisplatin. Their mechanism of
action may involve both an attack on DNA and a perturbation of the
redox status of cells. Some of these complexes can form IrIII-hydride complexes using coenzyme NAD(P)H as a source of hydride
to catalyze the generation of H2 or the reduction of quinones
to semiquinones. Intriguingly, relatively unreactive organoiridium
complexes containing an imine as a monodentate ligand have prooxidant
activity, which appears to involve catalytic hydride transfer to oxygen
and the generation of hydrogen peroxide in cells. In addition, researchers
have designed inert IrIII complexes as potent kinase inhibitors.
Octahedral cyclometalated IrIII complexes not only serve
as cell imaging agents, but can also inhibit tumor necrosis factor
α, promote DNA oxidation, generate singlet oxygen when photoactivated,
and exhibit good anticancer activity. Although relatively unexplored,
organoiridium chemistry offers unique features that researchers can
exploit to generate novel diagnostic agents and drugs with new mechanisms
of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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987
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988
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Jazirehi AR, Kurdistani SK, Economou JS. Histone deacetylase inhibitor sensitizes apoptosis-resistant melanomas to cytotoxic human T lymphocytes through regulation of TRAIL/DR5 pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3981-9. [PMID: 24639349 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Modern immune therapies (PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 checkpoints blockade and adoptive cell transfer) have remarkably improved the response rates of metastatic melanoma. These modalities rely on the killing potential of CTL as proximal mediator of antimelanoma responses. Mechanisms of tumor resistance to and the predominant cytotoxic pathway(s) used by melanoma-reactive CTL are important outcome determinants. We hypothesized that downmodulation of death receptors (DRs) in addition to aberrant apoptotic signaling might confer resistance to death signals delivered by CTL. To test these two hypotheses, we used an in vitro model of MART CTL-resistant melanoma sublines. TCR-transgenic and patient-derived CTLs used the TRAIL cytotoxic pathway through DR5. Furthermore, recombinant human TRAIL and drozitumab (anti-DR5 agonistic mAb) were used to explicitly verify the contribution of the DR5/TRAIL pathway in killing melanomas. CTL resistance was due to DR5 downregulation and an inverted ratio of pro- to antiapoptotic molecules, both of which were reversed by the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxanic acid. Apoptosis negative (c-IAP-2 and Bcl-xL) and positive (DR5) regulators were potential incriminators partly regulating CTL sensitivity. These preclinical findings suggest that exposure to this chromatin remodeling drug of immune-resistant melanomas can skew toward an intracellular proapoptotic milieu, increase DR expression, and overcome acquired immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali R Jazirehi
- Department of Surgery, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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989
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YOU BORA, PARK WOOHYUN. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid-induced HeLa cell death is closely correlated with oxidative stress and thioredoxin 1 levels. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1745-55. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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990
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Ogura M, Ando K, Suzuki T, Ishizawa K, Oh SY, Itoh K, Yamamoto K, Au WY, Tien HF, Matsuno Y, Terauchi T, Yamamoto K, Mori M, Tanaka Y, Shimamoto T, Tobinai K, Kim WS. A multicentre phase II study of vorinostat in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2014; 165:768-76. [PMID: 24617454 PMCID: PMC4282031 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although initial rituximab-containing chemotherapies achieve high response rates, indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), such as follicular lymphoma (FL), is still incurable. Therefore, new effective agents with novel mechanisms are anticipated. In this multicentre phase II study, patients with relapsed/refractory indolent B-NHL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) received vorinostat 200 mg twice daily for 14 consecutive days in a 21-d cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) in FL patients and safety and tolerability in all patients. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS). Fifty-six eligible patients were enrolled; 50 patients (39 with FL, seven with other B-NHL, and four with MCL) were evaluable for ORR, and 40 patients had received rituximab-containing prior chemotherapeutic regimens. For the 39 patients with FL, the ORR was 49% [95% confidence interval (CI): 32·4, 65·2] and the median PFS was 20 months (95% CI: 11·2, 29·7). Major toxicities were manageable grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Vorinostat offers sustained antitumour activity in patients with relapsed or refractory FL with an acceptable safety profile. Further investigation of vorinostat for clinical efficacy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinori Ogura
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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991
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Fröhlich LF, Mrakovcic M, Smole C, Lahiri P, Zatloukal K. Epigenetic silencing of apoptosis-inducing gene expression can be efficiently overcome by combined SAHA and TRAIL treatment in uterine sarcoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91558. [PMID: 24618889 PMCID: PMC3950220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of knowledge about molecular pathology of uterine sarcomas with a representation of 3–7% of all malignant uterine tumors prevents the establishment of effective therapy protocols. Here, we explored advanced therapeutic options to the previously discovered antitumorigenic effects of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) by combined treatment with the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo-2L). In addition, we investigated the uterine sarcoma cell lines, MES-SA and ESS-1, regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms of SAHA and TRAIL-induced apoptosis and their resistance towards TRAIL. Compared to single SAHA or TRAIL treatment, the combination of SAHA with TRAIL led to complete cell death of both tumor cell lines after 24 to 48 hours. In contrast to single SAHA treatment, apoptosis occured faster and was more pronounced in ESS-1 cells than in MES-SA cells. Induction of SAHA- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis was accompanied by upregulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway via reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3, -6, and -7 activation, and PARP cleavage, but was also found to be partially caspase-independent. Apoptosis resistance was caused by reduced expression of caspase-8 and DR 4/TRAIL-R1 in ESS-1 and MES-SA cells, respectively, due to epigenetic silencing by DNA hypermethylation of gene promoter sequences. Treatment with the demethylating agent 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine or gene transfer therefore restored gene expression and increased the sensitivity of both cell lines against TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Our data provide evidence that deregulation of epigenetic silencing by histone acetylation and DNA hypermethylation might play a fundamental role in the origin of uterine sarcomas. Therefore, tumor growth might be efficiently overcome by a cytotoxic combinatorial treatment of HDAC inhibitors with TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold F. Fröhlich
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Mrakovcic
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Claudia Smole
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Pooja Lahiri
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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992
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Liu Z, Romero-Canelón I, Qamar B, Hearn JM, Habtemariam A, Barry NPE, Pizarro AM, Clarkson GJ, Sadler PJ. The Potent Oxidant Anticancer Activity of Organoiridium Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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993
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Liu Z, Romero-Canelón I, Qamar B, Hearn JM, Habtemariam A, Barry NPE, Pizarro AM, Clarkson GJ, Sadler PJ. The potent oxidant anticancer activity of organoiridium catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3941-6. [PMID: 24616129 PMCID: PMC4227564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Platinum complexes are the most widely used anticancer drugs; however, new generations of agents are needed. The organoiridium(III) complex [(η5-Cpxbiph)Ir(phpy)(Cl)] (1-Cl), which contains π-bonded biphenyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl (Cpxbiph) and C∧N-chelated phenylpyridine (phpy) ligands, undergoes rapid hydrolysis of the chlorido ligand. In contrast, the pyridine complex [(η5-Cpxbiph)Ir(phpy)(py)]+ (1-py) aquates slowly, and is more potent (in nanomolar amounts) than both 1-Cl and cisplatin towards a wide range of cancer cells. The pyridine ligand protects 1-py from rapid reaction with intracellular glutathione. The high potency of 1-py correlates with its ability to increase substantially the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells. The unprecedented ability of these iridium complexes to generate H2O2 by catalytic hydride transfer from the coenzyme NADH to oxygen is demonstrated. Such organoiridium complexes are promising as a new generation of anticancer drugs for effective oxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL (UK)
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994
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Siena L, Pace E, Ferraro M, Di Sano C, Melis M, Profita M, Spatafora M, Gjomarkaj M. Gemcitabine sensitizes lung cancer cells to Fas/FasL system-mediated killing. Immunology 2014; 141:242-55. [PMID: 24128051 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy agent commonly used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in NSCLC cells by increasing functionally active Fas expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system involvement in gemcitabine-induced lung cancer cell killing. NSCLC H292 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of gemcitabine. FasL mRNA and protein were evaluated by real-time PCR, and by Western blot and flow cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis of FasL-expressing cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, and caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation by Western blot and a colorimetric assay. Cytotoxicity of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and malignant pleural fluid lymphocytes against H292 cells was analysed in the presence or absence of the neutralizing anti-Fas ZB4 antibody, by flow cytometry. Gemcitabine increased FasL mRNA and total protein expression, the percentage of H292 cells bearing membrane-bound FasL (mFasL) and of mFasL-positive apoptotic H292 cells, as well as caspase-8 and caspase-3 cleavage. Moreover, gemcitabine increased CH11-induced caspase-8 and caspase-3 cleavage and proteolytic activity. Cytotoxicity of LAK cells and pleural fluid lymphocytes was increased against gemcitabine-treated H292 cells and was partially inhibited by ZB4 antibody. These results demonstrate that gemcitabine: (i) induces up-regulation of FasL in lung cancer cells triggering cell apoptosis via an autocrine/paracrine loop; (ii) induces a Fas-dependent apoptosis mediated by caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation; (iii) enhances the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to cytotoxic activity of LAK cells and malignant pleural fluid lymphocytes, partially via Fas/FasL pathway. Our data strongly suggest an active involvement of the Fas/FasL system in gemcitabine-induced lung cancer cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liboria Siena
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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995
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Concurrent activation of acetylation and tri-methylation of H3K27 in a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma with aggressive behavior. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91330. [PMID: 24614346 PMCID: PMC3948868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of acetylation and tri-methylation of the same residue of histone molecules might identify a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with aggressive behavior. In the present study, we examined acetylation and tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ac and H3K27me3, respectively) because these two modifications are known to exhibit opposite effects (enhancing and silencing) on gene expression. Neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues from 198 HCC cases were immunostained with specific monoclonal antibodies against H3K27ac and H3K27me3. The stained tissues were evaluated by an image analyzing program to generate histological scores (H-scores, range 0–300), which were determined by multiplying the percentage of positive-stained cells with the classified immunohistochemical marker intensity (0–3). HCC tissues showed significantly higher H3K27ac (156.7±86.8) and H3K27me3 H-scores (151.8±78.1) compared with the background liver (40.3±33.0 and 64.7±45.6, respectively) (both P<0.001). The cases with H-scores of high-H3K27ac/high-H3K27me3 (n = 54) showed significant correlation with poor differentiation of morphology (P<0.01) and p53-positive staining (P<0.05), and poor prognosis (P<0.01). Confocal microscopy revealed segregated intranuclear localization of both modifications in the individual cancer cells: H3K27ac localization in central euchromatin regions and H3K27me3 in peripheral heterochromatin regions. Concurrent acetylation and methylation at H3K27 occurs in HCC cells in association with p53 abnormalities. These findings demonstrate that image analyzer-assisted H-scores of H3K27ac and H3K27me3 identified an aggressive subgroup of HCC, and could serve as a prognostic marker for HCC.
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996
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Herreros-Villanueva M, Bujanda L, Billadeau DD, Zhang JS. Embryonic stem cell factors and pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2247-2254. [PMID: 24605024 PMCID: PMC3942830 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i9.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common type of pancreatic tumor, is a highly aggressive human cancer with the lowest five-year survival rate of any human maligancy primarily due to its early- metastasis and lack of response to chemotherapy and radiation. Recent research suggests that PDAC cells comprise a hierarchy of tumor cells that develop around a population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small and distinct population of cancer cells that mediates tumoregenesis, metastasis and resistance to standard treatments. Thus, CSCs could be a target for more effective treatment options. Interestingly, pancreatic CSCs are subject to regulation by some of key embryonic stem cell (ESC) transctiption factors abberently expressed in PDAC, such as SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG. ESC transcription factors are important DNA-binding proteins present in both embryonic and adult somatic cells. The critical role of these factors in reprogramming processes makes them essential not only for embryonic development but also tumorigenesis. Here we provide an overview of stem cell transcription factors, particularly SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG, on their expression and function in pancreatic cancer. In contrast to embryonic stem cells, in which OCT4 and SOX2 are tightly regulated and physically interact to regulate a wide spectrum of target genes, de novo SOX2 expression alone in pancreatic cancer cells is sufficient to promote self-renewal, de-differentiation and imparting stemness characteristics via impacting specific cell cycle regulatory genes and epithelial-mesnechymal transtion driver genes. Thus, targeting ESC factors, particularly SOX2, could be a worthy strategy for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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997
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Tang W, Yuan Y, Liu C, Wu Y, Lu X, Qian J. Differential cytotoxicity and particle action of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in human cancer cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:397-412. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: While hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPNs) have been reported to exhibit anticancer effects on several types of human cancer cells, no investigation has been performed to compare their cytotoxicity with different types of cancer cells. The objective of the present study is to investigate the cytotoxic action of HAPNs in different types of human cancer cell and to explore the possible mechanisms involved. Materials & methods: Rod-shaped HAPNs were prepared by the aqueous precipitation method and then labeled with ?uorescein isothiocyanate to visualize the cellular uptake and distribution. Their cytotoxicity to three human carcinoma cell lines (gastric cancer cells [MGC80-3], cervical adenocarcinoma epithelial cells [HeLa] and hepatoma cells [HepG2], as well as to normal human hepatocyte cells [L-02]) was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was characterized by the changes in nuclear morphology with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and by ?ow cytometric analysis with Annexin V-?uorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining. Furthermore, the activity of apoptotic proteins (caspase-3, -8 and -9), intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels were analyzed in HAPN-treated cells. The cellular uptake of HAPNs was studied using flow cytometry analysis, and changes in intracellular calcium levels were investigated using the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye, fluo-3 AM. Results: HAPNs significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of cancer cells with an order of MGC80-3 > HepG2 > HeLa, but had no impact on normal hepatic cells (L-02). The increase in apoptosis was accompanied by the activation of caspase-3 and -9, but not activation of caspase-8. Moreover, HAPN treatment led to reactive oxygen species generation and decreased intracellular glutathione in cancer cells, with the most remarkable reactive oxygen species burst in HeLa cells. The degree of cytotoxicity did not correlate with the cellular uptake efficiency of HAPNs. However, more HAPNs were found inside the nucleus of MGC80-3 cells, and an increase in the intracellular calcium level was observed in all cancer cells, with the highest level also detected in MGC80-3. Conclusion: Varying cytotoxicity of HAPNs was observed in different cancer cell types. Our results suggest that possible mechanisms of cytotoxicity in various types of cancer cells could be different. The elevated calcium concentration and nuclear localization of the particles might be the main mechanism of growth inhibition by HAPNs in cancer cells. Original submitted 18 April 2012; Revised submitted 14 September 2012; Published online 24 April 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yuequn Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xun Lu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jiangchao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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998
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Lwin T, Zhao X, Cheng F, Zhang X, Huang A, Shah B, Zhang Y, Moscinski LC, Choi YS, Kozikowski AP, Bradner JE, Dalton WS, Sotomayor E, Tao J. A microenvironment-mediated c-Myc/miR-548m/HDAC6 amplification loop in non-Hodgkin B cell lymphomas. J Clin Invest 2014; 123:4612-26. [PMID: 24216476 DOI: 10.1172/jci64210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamic interaction occurs between the lymphoma cell and its microenvironment, with each profoundly influencing the behavior of the other. Here, using a clonogenic coculture growth system and a xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated that adhesion of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and other non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells to lymphoma stromal cells confers drug resistance, clonogenicity, and induction of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Furthermore, stroma triggered a c-Myc/miR-548m feed-forward loop, linking sustained c-Myc activation, miR-548m downregulation, and subsequent HDAC6 upregulation and stroma-mediated cell survival and lymphoma progression in lymphoma cell lines, primary MCL and other B cell lymphoma cell lines. Treatment with an HDAC6-selective inhibitor alone or in synergy with a c-Myc inhibitor enhanced cell death, abolished cell adhesion–mediated drug resistance, and suppressed clonogenicity and lymphoma growth ex vivo and in vivo. Together, these data suggest that the lymphoma-stroma interaction in the lymphoma microenvironment directly impacts the biology of lymphoma through genetic and epigenetic regulation, with HDAC6 and c-Myc as potential therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Genes, myc
- Histone Deacetylase 6
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Transfection
- Tumor Microenvironment
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999
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Dörr M, Meggers E. Metal complexes as structural templates for targeting proteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 19:76-81. [PMID: 24561508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews recent advances in the design and discovery of inert metal complexes as protein binders. In these metal-based probes or drug candidates, the metal is supposed to exert a purely structural role by organizing the coordinating ligands in the three dimensional space to achieve a shape and functional group complementarity with the targeted protein pockets. Presented examples of sandwich, half-sandwich and octahedral d(6)-metal complexes reinforce previous perceptions that metal complexes are highly promising scaffolds for the design of small-molecule protein binders and complement the molecular diversity of organic chemistry by opening untapped chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Dörr
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
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1000
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Turato C, Simonato D, Quarta S, Gatta A, Pontisso P. MicroRNAs and SerpinB3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2014; 100:9-17. [PMID: 24496037 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which target complementary mRNA sequences, usually resulting in gene silencing. They can exhibit oncogenic or tumor suppressor properties, modulating cell homeostasis. Several data have documented that miRNAs are typically deregulated in different types of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some of the miRNAs such as miR-122, miR-221, miR-1 and miR-21 have been found to repress post-transcriptionally the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and invasion. In HCC serum levels of miR-122, miR-221 and miR-16 have been described deregulated, suggesting that they may be used as molecular targets for early detection, prognosis and treatment. The ov-serpin SerpinB3 was found previously increased in liver tumor cancers and associated with apoptosis resistance, increased cell proliferation and invasiveness. Recent data indicate that this serpin may enhance its oncogenic potential through inhibition of several tumor suppressive miRNAs, typically described in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Turato
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Davide Simonato
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Santina Quarta
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Gatta
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
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