951
|
LaBerge GS, Duvall E, Grasmick Z, Haedicke K, Pawelek J. A Melanoma Lymph Node Metastasis with a Donor-Patient Hybrid Genome following Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Second Case of Leucocyte-Tumor Cell Hybridization in Cancer Metastasis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168581. [PMID: 28146572 PMCID: PMC5287451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic disease is the principal cause of mortality in cancer, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Macrophage-cancer cell fusion as a cause of metastasis was proposed more than a century ago by German pathologist Prof. Otto Aichel. Since then this theory has been confirmed in numerous animal studies and recently in a patient with metastatic melanoma. METHODS Here we analyzed tumor DNA from a 51-year-old man who, 8 years following an allogeneic BMT from his brother for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), developed a nodular malignant melanoma on the upper back with spread to an axillary sentinal lymph node. We used laser microdissection to isolate FFPE tumor cells free of leucocytes. They were genotyped using forensic short tandem repeat (STR) length-polymorphisms to distinguish donor and patient genomes. Tumor and pre-transplant blood lymphocyte DNAs were analyzed for donor and patient alleles at 15 autosomal STR loci and the sex chromosomes. RESULTS DNA analysis of the primary melanoma and the nodal metastasis exhibit alleles at each STR locus that are consistent with both the patient and donor. The doses vary between these samples indicative of the relative amounts of genomic DNA derived from the patient and donor. CONCLUSION The evidence supports fusion and hybridization between donor and patient cells as the initiator of metastasis in this patient. That this phenomenon has now been seen in a second case suggests that fusion is likely to play a significant role for melanoma and other solid tumor metastasis, perhaps leading to new avenues of treatment for this most problematic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greggory S. LaBerge
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Denver Police Crime Lab-Forensics and Evidence Division, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eric Duvall
- Denver Police Crime Lab-Forensics and Evidence Division, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Zachary Grasmick
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado AMC, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kay Haedicke
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Medical Oncology and the Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - John Pawelek
- Department of Dermatology and The Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
952
|
Czernek L, Düchler M. Functions of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunosuppression. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 65:311-323. [PMID: 28101591 PMCID: PMC5511306 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, constitute an important element of intercellular communication by carrying a variety of molecules from producer to target cells. The transport of mRNA and miRNA can directly modulate gene expression in the target cells. The miRNA content in exosomes is characteristic for the cell from which the vesicles were derived enabling the usage of exosomes as biomarkers for the diagnosis various diseases, including cancer. Cancer-derived exosomes support the survival and progression of tumors in many ways and also contribute to the neutralization of the anti-cancer immune response. Exosomes participate in all known mechanisms by which cancer evades the immune system. They influence the differentiation and activation of immune suppressor cells, they modulate antigen presentation, and are able to induce T-cell apoptosis. Although cancer-derived exosomes mainly suppress the immune system and facilitate tumor progression, they are also important sources of tumor antigens with potential clinical application in stimulating immune responses. This review summarizes how exosomes assist cancer to escape immune recognition and to acquire control over the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Czernek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Markus Düchler
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
953
|
Tauriello DVF, Calon A, Lonardo E, Batlle E. Determinants of metastatic competency in colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:97-119. [PMID: 28085225 PMCID: PMC5423222 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer types and represents a major therapeutic challenge. Although initial events in colorectal carcinogenesis are relatively well characterized and treatment for early‐stage disease has significantly improved over the last decades, the mechanisms underlying metastasis – the main cause of death – remain poorly understood. Correspondingly, no effective therapy is currently available for advanced or metastatic disease. There is increasing evidence that colorectal cancer is hierarchically organized and sustained by cancer stem cells, in concert with various stromal cell types. Here, we review the interplay between cancer stem cells and their microenvironment in promoting metastasis and discuss recent insights relating to both patient prognosis and novel targeted treatment strategies. A better understanding of these topics may aid the prevention or reduction of metastatic burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele V F Tauriello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Alexandre Calon
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enza Lonardo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
954
|
Couto JP, Bentires-Alj M. Mouse Models of Breast Cancer: Deceptions that Reveal the Truth. Breast Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48848-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
955
|
|
956
|
King J, Mir H, Singh S. Association of Cytokines and Chemokines in Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 151:113-136. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
957
|
Lopez JS, Banerji U. Combine and conquer: challenges for targeted therapy combinations in early phase trials. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2017; 14:57-66. [PMID: 27377132 PMCID: PMC6135233 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our increasing understanding of cancer biology has led to the development of molecularly targeted anticancer drugs. The full potential of these agents has not, however, been realised, owing to the presence of de novo (intrinsic) resistance, often resulting from compensatory signalling pathways, or the development of acquired resistance in cancer cells via clonal evolution under the selective pressures of treatment. Combinations of targeted treatments can circumvent some mechanisms of resistance to yield a clinical benefit. We explore the challenges in identifying the best drug combinations and the best combination strategies, as well as the complexities of delivering these treatments to patients. Recognizing treatment-induced toxicity and the inability to use continuous pharmacodynamically effective doses of many targeted treatments necessitates creative intermittent scheduling. Serial tumour profiling and the use of parallel co-clinical trials can contribute to understanding mechanisms of resistance, and will guide the development of adaptive clinical trial designs that can accommodate hypothesis testing, in order to realize the full potential of combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanita S Lopez
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London SM2 5PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
958
|
Biziota E, Mavroeidis L, Hatzimichael E, Pappas P. Metronomic chemotherapy: A potent macerator of cancer by inducing angiogenesis suppression and antitumor immune activation. Cancer Lett 2016; 400:243-251. [PMID: 28017892 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy is a low dosing treatment strategy that attracts growing scientific and clinical interest. It refers to dense and uninterrupted administration of low doses of chemotherapeutic agents (without prolonged drug free intervals) over extended periods of time. Cancer chemotherapy is conventionally given in cycles of maximum tolerated doses (MTD) with the aim of inducing maximum cancer cell apoptosis. In contrast, the primary target of metronomic chemotherapy is the tumor's neovasculature. This is relevant to the emerging concept that tumors exist in a complex microenvironment of cancer cells, stromal cells and supporting vessels. In addition to its anti-angiogenetic properties, metronomic chemotherapy halts tumor growth by activating anti-tumor immunity, thus decreasing the acquired resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Herein, we present a review of the literature that provides a scientific basis for the merits of chemotherapy when administered on a metronomic schedule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Biziota
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Evros, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece.
| | - Leonidas Mavroeidis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 451 10, Greece.
| | | | - Periklis Pappas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 451 10, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
959
|
Cao J, Yuan B, Guo PX, Zhu HQ, Huang ZZ, He Y, Ding Q, Feng ZZ. [The influence of depression degree on regulatory T cells in patients with non-M 3 acute myeloid leukemia]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2016; 37:1033-1037. [PMID: 28088964 PMCID: PMC7348494 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the influence of depression levels on regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: A total of 63 patients with primarily diagnostic non-M3 AML and 25 healthy controls were enrolled, and the levels of depression by using HADM score and the percentages of Tregs by flow cytometry were evaluated in pre-treatment and post-treatment, respectively. Results: After every course of chemotherapy, the percentages of Tregs of PBMNC in AML showed the higher level of (6.48±1.81)% than those of (4.99±1.29)% in control (P= 0.001). There was no difference among different levels of depression groups after the first cycle. However, the percentages of Tregs increased with the worse of depression after the second and third cycles. Partial correlation analysis after adjusting age indicated that the percentages of Tregs showed no correlation with the levels of depression after the first cycle (correlation coefficient, 0.120, P=0.345), and showed the positive correlation with depression levels after the second and third cycles (correlation coefficient, 0.619 and 0.614, all P values <0.05). Conclusion: The depression levels showed an association with the percentages of Tregs in patients with non-M3 AML, which could be observed only after the second cycles of chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Z Z Feng
- Department of Psychology, Military Preventive Medicine Institution, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 648800, China
| |
Collapse
|
960
|
Suraj S, Dhar C, Srivastava S. Circulating nucleic acids: An analysis of their occurrence in malignancies. Biomed Rep 2016; 6:8-14. [PMID: 28123700 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Through a regulated or fortuitous phenomenon, small portions of cell nucleic acids are thrown into circulation. Since the discovery of these circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) in 1948, numerous studies have been published to elucidate their clinical implications in multifarious diseases. Scientists have now discovered disease-specific genetic aberrations, such as mutations, microsatellite alterations, epigenetic modulations (including aberrant methylation), as well as viral DNA/RNA from nucleic acids in plasma and serum. CNAs have become increasingly popular due to their potential for use as a liquid biopsy, which is a tool for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, such as cancer, stroke, trauma, myocardial infarction, autoimmune disorders, and pregnancy-associated complications. While the diagnostic potential of CNAs has been investigated extensively, there is a paucity of understanding of their pathophysiological functions. Are these CNAs part of the cell's regular framework of functioning? Or do they act as molecular players in disease initiation and progression? The aim of this review is to investigate the origins and functions of the circulating cell-free nucleic acids in the plasma and serum of patients with various malignancies, and propose areas of study, which may elucidate the novel underlying mechanisms that are functioning during cancer initiation/progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suraj
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560034, India
| | - Chirag Dhar
- St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560034, India
| | - Sweta Srivastava
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560034, India
| |
Collapse
|
961
|
Marshall EA, Ng KW, Kung SHY, Conway EM, Martinez VD, Halvorsen EC, Rowbotham DA, Vucic EA, Plumb AW, Becker-Santos DD, Enfield KSS, Kennett JY, Bennewith KL, Lockwood WW, Lam S, English JC, Abraham N, Lam WL. Emerging roles of T helper 17 and regulatory T cells in lung cancer progression and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:67. [PMID: 27784305 PMCID: PMC5082389 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Lung cancer risk factors, including smoking and exposure to environmental carcinogens, have been linked to chronic inflammation. An integral feature of inflammation is the activation, expansion and infiltration of diverse immune cell types, including CD4+ T cells. Within this T cell subset are immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells and pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells that act in a fine balance to regulate appropriate adaptive immune responses.In the context of lung cancer, evidence suggests that Tregs promote metastasis and metastatic tumor foci development. Additionally, Th17 cells have been shown to be an integral component of the inflammatory milieu in the tumor microenvironment, and potentially involved in promoting distinct lung tumor phenotypes. Studies have shown that the composition of Tregs and Th17 cells are altered in the tumor microenvironment, and that these two CD4+ T cell subsets play active roles in promoting lung cancer progression and metastasis.We review current knowledge on the influence of Treg and Th17 cells on lung cancer tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis and prognosis. Furthermore, we discuss the potential biological and clinical implications of the balance among Treg/Th17 cells in the context of the lung tumor microenvironment and highlight the potential prognostic function and relationship to metastasis in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Marshall
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kevin W Ng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sonia H Y Kung
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada. .,British Columbia Cancer Research Centre Centre, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Emma M Conway
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Victor D Martinez
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Halvorsen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David A Rowbotham
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Emily A Vucic
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Adam W Plumb
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Katey S S Enfield
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer Y Kennett
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kevin L Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William W Lockwood
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John C English
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ninan Abraham
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. .,British Columbia Cancer Research Centre Centre, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
962
|
Pogoda K, Pyszniak M, Rybojad P, Tabarkiewicz J. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells as a potent suppressor of tumor immunity in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4785-4794. [PMID: 28101225 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic option for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who do not qualify for surgery. In patients with advanced NSCLC, systemic immune suppression is frequently observed, therefore, researchers are investigating the tumor microenvironment for less invasive and more effective methods of treating lung cancer. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Mo-MDSCs) are potent suppressors of tumor immunity; therefore, this population may significantly impede the application of immunotherapy to treat cancer. The present study evaluated the distribution of Mo-MDSCs and monocytes/macrophages in the peripheral blood, lymph nodes and tumor tissue of patients with NSCLC. Furthermore, the profiles of cytokines produced by these cell populations, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12/23p40, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), were compared. The cell populations and the expression of cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry after 4 h in culture with mitogens and Brefeldin A. Mo-MDSCs were more numerous than monocytes/macrophages in all tissues and their prevalence was highest in the peripheral blood; they expressed higher levels of TGF-β than monocytes/macrophages in all tissues and expression of TGF-β produced by Mo-MDSCs was higher in the blood than in lymph nodes and tumor tissues. A higher percentage of monocytes/macrophages was observed in lymph nodes and tumor tissues than in blood. CD14+HLA-DR+ cells also produced more IL-10 in lymph nodes than Mo-MDSCs and more IL-1β and TNF in all tissues. A higher prevalence of cluster of differentiation 14+ human leukocyte antigen-D related+ cells secreting IL-1β, TNF and IL-12/23p40 was observed in peripheral blood. Thus, the results of the current study support the statement that Mo-MDSCs and monocytes/macrophages participate in NSCLC induced immunosuppression, and is consistent with previous research into associations between the TGF-β signaling pathway and tumor cell invasion, motility and metastasis. The study also demonstrated that Mo-MDSCs promote tumor growth through their immunosuppressive activity. In addition, the profile of cytokines expressed by monocytes/macrophages suggests that this cell population may be associated with metastasis formation and angiogenesis promotion in patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pogoda
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Pyszniak
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Rybojad
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-097 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
963
|
Thapa B, Watkins DN, John T. Immunotherapy for malignant mesothelioma: reality check. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:1167-1176. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2016.1241149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
964
|
Moeini S, Saeidi M, Fotouhi F, Mondanizadeh M, Shirian S, Mohebi A, Gorji A, Ghaemi A. Synergistic effect of programmed cell death protein 1 blockade and secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine in the induction of anti-tumor immunity by a therapeutic cancer vaccine. Arch Virol 2016; 162:333-346. [PMID: 27699512 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of DNA vaccines has become an attractive approach for generating antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs), which can mediate protective antitumor immunity. The potency of DNA vaccines encoding weakly immunogenic tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) can be improved by using an adjuvant injected together with checkpoint antibodies. In the current study, we evaluated whether the therapeutic effects of a DNA vaccine encoding human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16) E7 can be enhanced by combined application of an immune checkpoint blockade directed against the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway and secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC) also known as CCL21 adjuvant, in a mouse cervical cancer model. The therapeutic effects of the DNA vaccine in combination with CCL21 adjuvant plus PD-1 blockade was evaluated using a tumor growth curve. To further investigate the mechanism underlying the antitumor response, cytolytic and lymphocyte proliferation responses in splenocytes were measured using non-radioactive cytotoxicity and MTT assays, respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-10 expression in the tumor and the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in supernatants of spleno-lymphocyte cultures were measured using ELISA. The immune efficacy was evaluated by in vivo tumor regression assay. The results showed that vaccination with a DNA vaccine in combination with the CCL21 adjuvant plus PD-1 blockade greatly enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte production and lymphocyte proliferation rates and greatly inhibited tumor progression. Moreover, the vaccine in combination with adjuvant and blockade significantly reduced intratumoral VEGF, IL-10 and splenic IL-4 but induced the expression of splenic IFN-γ. This formulation could be an effective candidate for a vaccine against cervical cancers and merits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fotouhi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O.Box: 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Mondanizadeh
- Biotechnology and molecular medicine, Arak University of medical sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohebi
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse Münster, Germany.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O.Box: 1316943551, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
965
|
|
966
|
Liu-Chittenden Y, Patel D, Gaskins K, Giordano TJ, Assie G, Bertherat J, Kebebew E. Serum RARRES2 Is a Prognostic Marker in Patients With Adrenocortical Carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3345-52. [PMID: 27336360 PMCID: PMC5010575 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2) is a small secreted protein involved in multiple cancers, including adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). However, discordant tumor and serum RARRES2 levels have been reported in various cancers. The etiology of this discordance is unknown and has not been studied in pair-matched tumor and serum samples. OBJECTIVE To determine tissue and serum RARRES2 levels in patients with adrenocortical neoplasm and to elucidate the prognostic implications of RARRES2 levels. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PATIENTS Tissue and serum RARRES2 levels were analyzed. A pair-matched analysis was performed to examine tissue and serum RARRES2 from 51 patients with benign adrenocortical tumors and 18 patients with ACC. Overall survival was analyzed based on RARRES2 expression. A mouse xenograft model was used to determine the source of serum RARRES2. RESULTS Patients with ACC had decreased tumor RARRES2 gene expression (P < .0001) and increased serum RARRES2 levels (P < .005) as compared with patients with benign adrenocortical tumors. Higher serum RARRES2 levels were associated with improved overall survival (P = .0227). A mouse xenograft model demonstrated that higher tissue RARRES2 expression was associated with higher RARRES2 secretion in the serum and that there was an intrinsic mechanism in maintaining serum RARRES2 homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Serum and tissue RARRES2 expression levels are paradoxical in patients with ACC. The elevated RARRES2 in patient serum is unlikely to be secreted from tumor cells. Serum RARRES2 may be used as a novel prognostic marker for ACC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/blood
- Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/genetics
- Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/pathology
- Adrenocortical Carcinoma/blood
- Adrenocortical Carcinoma/genetics
- Adrenocortical Carcinoma/secondary
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Chemokines/blood
- Chemokines/genetics
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu-Chittenden
- Endocrine Oncology Branch (Y.L.-C., D.P., K.G., E.K.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Pathology (T.J.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Institut Cochin (G.A., J.B.), Inserm Unité 1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Descartes University, 75014, Paris, France; and Department of Endocrinology (G.A., J.B.), Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Endocrine Oncology Branch (Y.L.-C., D.P., K.G., E.K.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Pathology (T.J.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Institut Cochin (G.A., J.B.), Inserm Unité 1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Descartes University, 75014, Paris, France; and Department of Endocrinology (G.A., J.B.), Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Kelli Gaskins
- Endocrine Oncology Branch (Y.L.-C., D.P., K.G., E.K.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Pathology (T.J.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Institut Cochin (G.A., J.B.), Inserm Unité 1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Descartes University, 75014, Paris, France; and Department of Endocrinology (G.A., J.B.), Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Thomas J Giordano
- Endocrine Oncology Branch (Y.L.-C., D.P., K.G., E.K.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Pathology (T.J.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Institut Cochin (G.A., J.B.), Inserm Unité 1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Descartes University, 75014, Paris, France; and Department of Endocrinology (G.A., J.B.), Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Assie
- Endocrine Oncology Branch (Y.L.-C., D.P., K.G., E.K.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Pathology (T.J.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Institut Cochin (G.A., J.B.), Inserm Unité 1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Descartes University, 75014, Paris, France; and Department of Endocrinology (G.A., J.B.), Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Bertherat
- Endocrine Oncology Branch (Y.L.-C., D.P., K.G., E.K.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Pathology (T.J.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Institut Cochin (G.A., J.B.), Inserm Unité 1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Descartes University, 75014, Paris, France; and Department of Endocrinology (G.A., J.B.), Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch (Y.L.-C., D.P., K.G., E.K.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Pathology (T.J.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Institut Cochin (G.A., J.B.), Inserm Unité 1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Descartes University, 75014, Paris, France; and Department of Endocrinology (G.A., J.B.), Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
967
|
Abstract
For decades, effective cancer gene therapy has been a tantalising prospect; for a therapeutic modality potentially able to elicit highly effective and selective responses, definitive efficacy outcomes have often seemed out of reach. However, steady progress in vector development and accumulated experience from previous clinical studies has finally led the field to its first licensed therapy. Following a pivotal phase III trial, Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec/T-Vec) received US approval as a treatment for cutaneous and subcutaneous melanoma in October 2015, followed several weeks later by its European authorisation. These represent the first approvals for an oncolytic virotherapy. Imlygic is an advanced-generation herpesvirus-based vector optimised for oncolytic and immunomodulatory activities. Many other oncolytic agents currently remain in development, providing hope that current success will be followed by other diverse vectors that may ultimately come to constitute a new class of clinical anti-cancer agents. In this review, we discuss some of the key oncolytic viral agents developed in the adenovirus and herpesvirus classes, and the prospects for further enhancing their efficacy by combining them with novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan E. Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | | | - T. R. Jeffry Evans
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
968
|
La-Beck NM, Jean GW, Huynh C, Alzghari SK, Lowe DB. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: New Insights and Current Place in Cancer Therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2016; 35:963-76. [PMID: 26497482 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of cancer has largely relied on killing tumor cells with nonspecific cytotoxic therapies and radiotherapy. This approach, however, has limitations including severe systemic toxicities, bystander effects on normal cells, recurrence of drug-resistant tumor cells, and the inability to target micrometastases or subclinical disease. An increased understanding of the critical role of the immune system in cancer development and progression has led to new treatment strategies using various immunotherapies. It is now recognized that established tumors have numerous mechanisms of suppressing the antitumor immune response including production of inhibitory cytokines, recruitment of immunosuppressive immune cells, and upregulation of coinhibitory receptors known as immune checkpoints. This review focuses on the immune checkpoint inhibitors, a novel class of immunotherapy first approved in 2011. Our objective is to highlight similarities and differences among the three immune checkpoint inhibitors approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab-to facilitate therapeutic decision making. We conducted a review of the published literature and conference proceedings and present a critical appraisal of the clinical evidence supporting their use in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We also compare and contrast their current place in cancer therapy and patterns of immune-related toxicities, and discuss the role of dual immune checkpoint inhibition and strategies for the management of immune-related adverse events. The immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated a dramatic improvement in overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma and squamous NSCLC, along with acceptable toxicity profiles. These agents have a clear role in the first-line treatment of advanced melanoma and in the second-line treatment of advanced squamous NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ninh M La-Beck
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, Texas
| | - Gary W Jean
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Dallas, Texas
| | - Cindy Huynh
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, Texas
| | - Saeed K Alzghari
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, Texas
| | - Devin B Lowe
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, Texas.,Experimmune, A Center for Immunotherapeutic Development, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
969
|
Grossman SA, Ellsworth S, Campian J, Wild AT, Herman JM, Laheru D, Brock M, Balmanoukian A, Ye X. Survival in Patients With Severe Lymphopenia Following Treatment With Radiation and Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Solid Tumors. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2016; 13:1225-31. [PMID: 26483062 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2015.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system plays an important role in cancer surveillance and therapy. Chemoradiation can cause severe treatment-related lymphopenia (TRL) (<500 cells/mm3) that is associated with reduced survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 4 independent solid tumor studies on serial lymphocyte counts, prognostic factors, treatment, and survival were collected and analyzed. The data set included 297 patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma (N=96), resected pancreatic cancer (N=53), unresectable pancreatic cancer (N=101), and non-small cell lung cancer (N=47). RESULTS Pretreatment lymphocyte counts were normal in 83% of the patient population, and no patient had severe baseline lymphopenia. Two months after initiating chemoradiation, 43% developed severe and persistent lymphopenia (P=.001). An increased risk for death was attributable to TRL in each cancer cohort (gliomas: hazard rate [HR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.13-2.87; resected pancreas: HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.17-4.12; unresected pancreas: HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.53-5.42; and lung: HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.8-3.61) and in the entire study population regardless of pathologic findings (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.54-2.78; P<.0001). Severe TRL was observed in more than 40% of patients 2 months after initiating chemoradiation, regardless of histology or chemotherapy regimen, and was independently associated with shorter survival from tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS Increased attention and research should be focused on the cause, prevention, and reversal of this unintended consequence of cancer treatment that seems to be related to survival in patients with solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Grossman
- From The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland; Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susannah Ellsworth
- From The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland; Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jian Campian
- From The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland; Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron T Wild
- From The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland; Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph M Herman
- From The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland; Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dan Laheru
- From The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland; Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Malcolm Brock
- From The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland; Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ani Balmanoukian
- From The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland; Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaobu Ye
- From The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland; Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
970
|
Chen Y, Neelapu S, Feng L, Bi W, Yang TH, Wang M, Fanale MA, Westin JR, Hagemeister FB, Fayad LE, Romaguera JE, Samaniego F, Turturro F, Fowler NH, McLaughlin P, Cabanillas F, Oki Y, Nastoupil LJ, Rodriguez A. Prognostic significance of baseline peripheral absolute neutrophil, monocyte and serum β2-microglobulin level in patients with diffuse large b-cell lymphoma: a new prognostic model. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:290-299. [PMID: 27448187 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There are limited reports that baseline peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute monocyte count (AMC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and serum β2-microglobulin level independently predict survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To confirm these findings, we analysed these parameters together with components of the International Prognostic Index (IPI) in patients with newly-diagnosed DLBCL. We evaluated baseline clinical features for their ability to predict survival in 817 newly diagnosed, previously untreated patients with DLBCL who received frontline treatments between October 2001 and December 2011. The median age at diagnosis was 58 years. Multivariate analysis identified elevated baseline ANC (P = 0·036), AMC (P = 0·028) and serum β2-microglobulin level (P < 0·001), poor performance status (P < 0·001) and high number of extranodal disease sites (P = 0·0497) as independent unfavourable predictors of OS; serum β2-microglobulin level was the strongest predictor of survival outcomes among all the parameters. High baseline serum β2-microglobulin, ANC and AMC levels are independent prognostic factors for short overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL. Our new model, based on the above five parameters, better stratifies patients into various risk categories than the IPI for newly diagnosed DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sattva Neelapu
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Feng
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiqi Bi
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tian-Hui Yang
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Wang
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle A Fanale
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason R Westin
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fredrick B Hagemeister
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luis E Fayad
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge E Romaguera
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Felipe Samaniego
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francesco Turturro
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathan H Fowler
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter McLaughlin
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernando Cabanillas
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Oki
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Loretta J Nastoupil
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alma Rodriguez
- Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
971
|
Hu W, Wu L, Qiang Q, Ji L, Wang X, Luo H, Wu H, Jiang Y, Wang G, Shen T. The dichloromethane fraction from Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. leaves exerts an anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:134-143. [PMID: 27167461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mahonia bealei has a long history of medical use in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammatory-associated diseases. Despite numerous phytochemical and pharmacological studies, there is a lack of systematic studies to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity of this plant. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the dichloromethane fraction from M. bealei leaves (MBL-CH). MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of MBL-CH for 30min prior to treatment with 1μg/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and subsequent production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were investigated. Furthermore, the in vivo mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) was employed to study the anti-inflammatory effects of MBL-CH. RESULTS Pre-treatment with MBL-CH significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated secretion of NO, PGE2, and TNF-α into the culture medium, as well as the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and TNF-α, which were associated with a reduction in the phosphorylation of IκBα, Akt, and PI3K and inhibition of the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that MBL-CH attenuated LPS-stimulated lung inflammation in mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings indicate that MBL-CH attenuates LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in macrophages by blocking NF-κB activation through interference with activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, providing scientific evidence that the plant can be employed in traditional remedies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Qiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Lilian Ji
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Haiqing Luo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunyao Jiang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Gongcheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing West Road, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Ting Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
972
|
Mostafavinia SE, Khorashadizadeh M, Hoshyar R. Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects of Crocin Combined with Hyperthermia on Human Breast Cancer Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:340-7. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Khorashadizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Reyhane Hoshyar
- Department of Biochemistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
973
|
Emerging therapies provide new opportunities to reshape the multifaceted interactions between the immune system and lymphoma cells. Leukemia 2016; 30:1805-15. [PMID: 27389058 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of a complete neoplastic phenotype requires cancer cells to develop escape mechanisms from the host immune system. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as 'immune evasion,' represents a hallmark of cancers and results from a Darwinian selection of the fittest tumor clones. First reported in solid tumors, cancer immunoescape characterizes several hematological malignancies. The biological bases of cancer immunoescape have recently been disclosed and include: (i) impaired human leukocyte antigen-mediated cancer cell recognition (B2M, CD58, CTIIA, CD80/CD86, CD28 and CTLA-4 mutations); (ii) deranged apoptotic mechanisms (reduced pro-apoptotic signals and/or increased expression of anti-apoptotic molecules); and (iii) changes in the tumor microenvironment involving regulatory T cells and tumor-associated macrophages. These immune-escape mechanisms characterize both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin (B and T cell) lymphomas and represent a promising target for new anti-tumor therapies. In the present review, the principles of cancer immunoescape and their role in human lymphomagenesis are illustrated. Current therapies targeting these pathways and possible applications for lymphoma treatment are also addressed.
Collapse
|
974
|
Matikas A, Georgoulias V, Kotsakis A. Emerging agents for the prevention of treatment induced neutropenia in adult cancer patients. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2016; 21:157-66. [PMID: 27139914 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2016.1184646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The administration of myeloid growth factors is the only approved treatment for the prevention of chemotherapy induced neutropenia and febrile neutropenia. However, their specific indications and contraindications and potential side effects limit their application to only a relatively small subset of patients at the highest risk for complications, such as infection. AREAS COVERED A computerized systematic literature search was performed through Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, the Pharmaprojects database and the clinicaltrials.gov website. The shortcomings of the existing treatment approach are reviewed, along with a synopsis of the characteristics of novel agents that protect bone marrow progenitors from the cytotoxic effects of antineoplastic treatment that may be used in the future as a stand-alone preventive strategy or as an adjunct to growth factors. EXPERT OPINION There is an abundance of agents undergoing evaluation for the prevention of treatment-induced neutropenia. The appropriate selection of patients, the optimization of the use of existing agents and the increasing competition from biosimilars which likely ensure future decreases in healthcare costs are essential for growth factors to retain their dominant position in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Matikas
- a Department of Medical Oncology , University General Hospital of Heraklion , Heraklion , Greece.,b Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG) , Athens , Greece
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- b Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG) , Athens , Greece.,c Department of Medical Oncology , IASO General , Athens , Greece
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- a Department of Medical Oncology , University General Hospital of Heraklion , Heraklion , Greece.,b Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG) , Athens , Greece
| |
Collapse
|
975
|
Stasiłojć G, Österborg A, Blom AM, Okrój M. New perspectives on complement mediated immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 45:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
976
|
Raïch-Regué D, Fabian KP, Watson AR, Fecek RJ, Storkus WJ, Thomson AW. Intratumoral delivery of mTORC2-deficient dendritic cells inhibits B16 melanoma growth by promoting CD8(+) effector T cell responses. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1146841. [PMID: 27471613 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1146841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in the induction and regulation of immune responses. In cancer, DC-based vaccines have proven to be safe and to elicit protective and therapeutic immunological responses. Recently, we showed that specific mTORC2 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2) deficiency in DC enhances their ability to promote Th1 and Th17 responses after LPS stimulation. In the present study, bone marrow-derived mTORC2-deficient (Rictor(-/-)) DC were evaluated as a therapeutic modality in the murine B16 melanoma model. Consistent with their pro-inflammatory profile (enhanced IL-12p70 production and low PD-L1 expression versus control DC), intratumoral (i.t.) injection of LPS-activated Rictor(-/-) DC slowed B16 melanoma growth markedly in WT C57BL/6 recipient mice. This antitumor effect was abrogated when Rictor(-/-) DC were injected i.t. into B16-bearing Rag(-/-) mice, and also after selective CD8(+) T cell depletion in wild-type hosts in vivo, indicating that CD8(+) T cells were the principal regulators of tumor growth after Rictor(-/-) DC injection. I.t. administration of Rictor(-/-) DC also reduced the frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor cells within tumors, and enhanced numbers of IFNγ(+) and granzyme-B(+) cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells both in the spleens and tumors of treated animals. These data suggest that selective inhibition of mTORC2 activity in activated DC augments their pro-inflammatory and T cell stimulatory profile, in association with their enhanced capacity to promote protective CD8(+) T cell responses in vivo, leading to slowed B16 melanoma progression. These novel findings may contribute to the design of more effective DC-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA, US
| | - Kellsye P Fabian
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA, US
| | - Alicia R Watson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA, US
| | - Ronald J Fecek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA, US
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, US; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, US; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
977
|
Nardy AFFR, Freire-de-Lima L, Freire-de-Lima CG, Morrot A. The Sweet Side of Immune Evasion: Role of Glycans in the Mechanisms of Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2016; 6:54. [PMID: 27014629 PMCID: PMC4783415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are part of the essential components of a cell. These compounds play a fundamental role in several physiopathological processes, including cell differentiation, adhesion, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis development. Glycans are also able to exert control over the changes in tumor immunogenecity, interfering with tumor editing events and leading to immune-resistant cancer cells. The involvement of glycans in cancer progression is related to glycosylation alterations. Understanding such changes is, therefore, extremely useful to set the stage for their use as biomarkers, improving the diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. Herein, we discuss the basis of how modifications in glycosylation patterns may contribute to cancer genesis and progression as well as their importance in oncology field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Célio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
978
|
Synergistic Effect and Molecular Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Regulating Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1490738. [PMID: 27042656 PMCID: PMC4793102 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1490738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of tumor cells with the microenvironment is like a relationship between the “seeds” and “soil,” which is a hotspot in recent cancer research. Targeting at tumor microenvironment as well as tumor cells has become a new strategy for cancer treatment. Conventional cancer treatments mostly focused on single targets or single mechanism (the seeds or part of the soil); few researches intervened in the whole tumor microenvironment and achieved ideal therapeutic effect as expected. Traditional Chinese medicine displays a broad range of biological effects, and increasing evidence has shown that it may relate with synergistic effect on regulating tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. Based on literature review and our previous studies, we summarize the synergistic effect and the molecular mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine on regulating tumor microenvironment and cancer cells.
Collapse
|
979
|
Juergens RA, Zukotynski KA, Singnurkar A, Snider DP, Valliant JF, Gulenchyn KY. Imaging Biomarkers in Immunotherapy. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:1-13. [PMID: 26949344 PMCID: PMC4768940 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s31805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immune-based therapies have been in use for decades but recent work with immune checkpoint inhibitors has now changed the landscape of cancer treatment as a whole. While these advances are encouraging, clinicians still do not have a consistent biomarker they can rely on that can accurately select patients or monitor response. Molecular imaging technology provides a noninvasive mechanism to evaluate tumors and may be an ideal candidate for these purposes. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of action of varied immunotherapies and the current strategies for monitoring patients with imaging. We then describe some of the key researches in the preclinical and clinical literature on the current uses of molecular imaging of the immune system and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine A Zukotynski
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amit Singnurkar
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Denis P Snider
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Y Gulenchyn
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
980
|
Yeh MY, Shih YL, Chung HY, Chou J, Lu HF, Liu CH, Liu JY, Huang WW, Peng SF, Wu LY, Chung JG. Chitosan promotes immune responses, ameliorates glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, but enhances lactate dehydrogenase levels in normal mice in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1300-1306. [PMID: 27073440 PMCID: PMC4812523 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a naturally derived polymer, has been shown to possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties; however, little is known about the effect of chitosan on the immune responses and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in normal mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether chitosan has an effect on the immune responses and GOT, GPT and LDH activities in mice in vivo. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups. The negative control group was treated with a normal diet; the positive control group was treated with a normal diet plus orally administered acetic acid and two treatment groups were treated with a normal diet plus orally administered chitosan in acetic acid at doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, every other day for 24 days. Mice were weighed during the treatment, and following the treatment, blood was collected, and liver and spleen samples were isolated and weighted. The blood samples were used for measurement of white blood cell markers, and the spleen samples were used for analysis of phagocytosis, natural killer (NK) cell activity and cell proliferation using flow cytometry. The results indicated that chitosan did not markedly affect the body, liver and spleen weights at either dose. Chitosan increased the percentages of CD3 (T-cell marker), CD19 (B-cell marker), CD11b (monocytes) and Mac-3 (macrophages) when compared with the control group. However, chitosan did not affect the phagocytic activity of macrophages in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, although it decreased it in the peritoneal cavity. Treatment with 20 mg/kg chitosan led to a reduction in the cytotoxic activity of NK cells at an effector to target ratio of 25:1. Chitosan did not significantly promote B-cell proliferation in lipopolysaccharide-pretreated cells, but significantly decreased T-cell proliferation in concanavalin A-pretreated cells, and decreased the activity of GOT and GPT compared with that in the acetic acid-treated group,. In addition, it significantly increased LDH activity, to a level similar to that in normal mice, indicating that chitosan can protect against liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Yeh
- Office of Director, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsueh-Yu Chung
- Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jason Chou
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Hui Liu
- The Center of General Education, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jia-You Liu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lung-Yuan Wu
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
981
|
Abstract
As calculated by the meta-analysis of Korn et al., the prognosis of metastatic melanoma in the pretarget and immunological therapy era was poor, with a median survival of 6.2 and a 1-year life expectancy of 25.5%. Nowadays, significant advances in melanoma treatment have been gained, and immunotherapy is one of the promising approaches to get to durable responses and survival improvement. The aim of the present review is to highlight the recent innovations in melanoma immunotherapy and to propose a critical perspective of the future directions of this enthralling oncology subspecialty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valpione
- Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Luca G Campana
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
982
|
Lau PKH, Ascierto PA, McArthur G. Melanoma: the intersection of molecular targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibition. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 39:30-8. [PMID: 26765776 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is at the forefront of development of systemic therapeutics with both molecular targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors as cornerstones of treatment. Although responses to molecularly targeted therapy is largely from blockade of oncogenic pathways, evidence is emerging of the immunomodulatory effects from BRAF inhibition. Additionally programmed-death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of melanoma and are set to pave future improvements in other solid tumors. Combinations of PD-1 inhibitors with novel immune checkpoints or with molecularly targeted therapies are under investigation and may improve on the considerable progress made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kar Han Lau
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy, and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Grant McArthur
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
983
|
Nabholtz J, Chalabi N, Radosevic-Robin N, Dauplat M, Mouret-Reynier M, Van Praagh I, Servent V, Jacquin JP, Benmammar K, Kullab S, Bahadoor M, Kwiatkowski F, Cayre A, Abrial C, Durando X, Bignon Y, Chollet P, Penault-Llorca F. Multicentric neoadjuvant pilot Phase II study of cetuximab combined with docetaxel in operable triple negative breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:2274-80. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Nabholtz
- ERTICA EA 4677, University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Clinical and Translational Research Division; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
- CIC 501, UMR 766; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Medical Oncology; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - N. Chalabi
- ERTICA EA 4677, University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Clinical and Translational Research Division; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
- CIC 501, UMR 766; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - N. Radosevic-Robin
- ERTICA EA 4677, University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Department of Biopathology; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - M.M. Dauplat
- ERTICA EA 4677, University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Department of Biopathology; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - M.A. Mouret-Reynier
- ERTICA EA 4677, University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Medical Oncology; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - I. Van Praagh
- Medical Oncology; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - V. Servent
- Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Lille France
| | - JP Jacquin
- Lucien Neuwirth Institute; Saint-Etienne France
| | - K.E. Benmammar
- Medical Oncology; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - S. Kullab
- Medical Oncology; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - M.R.K. Bahadoor
- Medical Oncology; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Oncauvergne Regional Oncology Network, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - F. Kwiatkowski
- ERTICA EA 4677, University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Clinical and Translational Research Division; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
- LMB GenAuvergne Oncogenetics Department; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - A. Cayre
- ERTICA EA 4677, University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Department of Biopathology; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - C. Abrial
- ERTICA EA 4677, University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Clinical and Translational Research Division; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
- CIC 501, UMR 766; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - X. Durando
- Clinical and Translational Research Division; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
- CIC 501, UMR 766; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Medical Oncology; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
- EA 3846, University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Y.J. Bignon
- ERTICA EA 4677, University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
- LMB GenAuvergne Oncogenetics Department; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - P. Chollet
- Clinical and Translational Research Division; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Inserm UMR 990; Clermont-Ferrand France
- University of Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - F. Penault-Llorca
- ERTICA EA 4677, University of Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Department of Biopathology; Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Clermont-Ferrand France
| |
Collapse
|
984
|
Liu Y, Cao X. Immunosuppressive cells in tumor immune escape and metastasis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:509-22. [PMID: 26689709 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immune escape and the initiation of metastasis are critical steps in malignant progression of tumors and have been implicated in the failure of some clinical cancer immunotherapy. Tumors develop numerous strategies to escape immune surveillance or metastasize: Tumors not only modulate the recruitment and expansion of immunosuppressive cell populations to develop the tumor microenvironment or pre-metastatic niche but also switch the phenotype and function of normal immune cells from a potentially tumor-reactive state to a tumor-promoting state. Immunosuppressive cells facilitate tumor immune escape by inhibiting antitumor immune responses and furthermore promote tumor metastasis by inducing immunosuppression, promoting tumor cell invasion and intravasation, establishing a pre-metastatic niche, facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and inducing angiogenesis at primary tumor or metastatic sites. Numerous translational studies indicate that it is possible to inhibit tumor immune escape and prevent tumor metastasis by blocking immunosuppressive cells and eliminating immunosuppressive mechanisms that are induced by either immunosuppressive cells or tumor cells. Furthermore, many clinical trials targeting immunosuppressive cells have also achieved good outcome. In this review, we focus on the underlying mechanisms of immunosuppressive cells in promoting tumor immune escape and metastasis, discuss our current understanding of the interactions between immunosuppressive cells and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment, and suggest future research directions as well as potential clinical strategies in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
985
|
van Rooijen JM, Stutvoet TS, Schröder CP, de Vries EG. Immunotherapeutic options on the horizon in breast cancer treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 156:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
986
|
Kapadia CH, Perry JL, Tian S, Luft JC, DeSimone JM. Nanoparticulate immunotherapy for cancer. J Control Release 2015; 219:167-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
987
|
Whilding LM, Maher J. CAR T-cell immunotherapy: The path from the by-road to the freeway? Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1994-2018. [PMID: 26563646 PMCID: PMC5528729 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors are genetically encoded artificial fusion molecules that can re-program the specificity of peripheral blood polyclonal T-cells against a selected cell surface target. Unparallelled clinical efficacy has recently been demonstrated using this approach to treat patients with refractory B-cell malignancy. However, the approach is technically challenging and can elicit severe toxicity in patients. Moreover, solid tumours have largely proven refractory to this approach. In this review, we describe the important structural features of CARs and how this may influence function. Emerging clinical experience is summarized in both solid tumours and haematological malignancies. Finally, we consider the particular challenges imposed by solid tumours to the successful development of CAR T-cell immunotherapy, together with a number of innovative strategies that have been developed in an effort to reverse the balance in favour of therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey M Whilding
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - John Maher
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Immunology, Barnet Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Barnet, Hertfordshire, EN5 3DJ, UK; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
988
|
Ma T, Schreiber CA, Knutson GJ, Khattouti AE, Sakiyama MJ, Hassan M, Charlesworth MC, Madden BJ, Zhou X, Vuk-Pavlović S, Gomez CR. Effects of oxygen on the antigenic landscape of prostate cancer cells. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:687. [PMID: 26581192 PMCID: PMC4652345 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Use of allogeneic cancer cells-based immunotherapy for treatment of established prostate cancer (PCa) has only been marginally effective. One reason for failure could stem from the mismatch of antigenic signatures of vaccine cells and cancer in situ. Hence, it is possible that vaccine cells expressed antigens differently than tumor cells in situ. We hypothesized that cells grown in vitro at low oxygen tension (pO2) provide a better antigen match to tumors in situ and could reveal a more relevant antigenic landscape than cells grown in atmospheric pO2. Methods We tested this hypothesis by comparing PCa cells propagated at pO2 = 2 kPa and 20 kPa. To identify potential tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), we prepared PCa cell lysates, resolved them by two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting using spontaneous antibodies from plasma derived from PCa patients and control subjects. Antibody-labeled spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and validated by ELISA. We selected hypoxia-regulated HSP70 and hnRNP L and hypoxia-independent HSP60 and determined the frequency of plasma samples reacting with these molecules. Results Frequency of HSP60-reactive plasma was low in healthy controls [1.3 % (1/76)], while it was elevated in PCa patients [13.0 % (7/54); p < 0.05]. These data suggest a humoral immune response to HSP60 in PCa. Levels of autoantibodies to HSP70 did not differ from healthy controls [3.7 % (2/54)] in PCa patients [5.3 % (2/38)]. Similarly, hnRNP L autoantibodies did no differ between healthy controls [6.1 % (3/49)] and PCa patients [5.3 % (2/38)]. Conclusions Overall our results suggest the value of hypoxia as a modifier of the cellular and antigenic landscape of PCa cells. By modifying the immune reactivity of PCa cells in culture, manipulation of pO2 can be proposed as a new avenue for improving diagnosis, prognosis and immunotherapy for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tangeng Ma
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Claire A Schreiber
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Gaylord J Knutson
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Abdelouahid El Khattouti
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Marcelo J Sakiyama
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | | | - Benjamin J Madden
- Proteomics Research Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Xinchun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Stanimir Vuk-Pavlović
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Division of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Christian R Gomez
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA. .,Stem Cell Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Division of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
989
|
Immunoregulatory Cell Depletion Improves the Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy-Generated Cancer Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27005-14. [PMID: 26569233 PMCID: PMC4661866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)-generated cancer vaccine represents an attractive potential application of PDT, therapeutic modality destroying targeted lesions by localized photooxidative stress. Since immunoregulatory cell activity has become recognized as a major obstacle to effective cancer immunotherapy, the present study examined their participation in the therapeutic effect of PDT cancer vaccine. Following protocols from previous studies, mouse with squamous cell carcinoma SCCVII tumors were vaccinated by SCCVII cells treated by PDT and response monitored by tumor size measurement. The effects of low-dose cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the numbers of Tregs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were determined by antibody staining followed by flow cytometry, while their impact on PDT vaccine therapy was evaluated by monitoring changes in tumor responses. Cyclophosphamide effectively reduced the numbers of Tregs, which became elevated following PDT vaccine treatment, and this resulted in an increase in the vaccine’s effectiveness. A similar benefit for the therapy outcome with PDT vaccine was attained by ATRA treatment. The activities of Tregs and MDSCs thus have a critical impact on therapy outcome with PDT vaccine and reducing their numbers substantially improves the vaccine’s effectiveness.
Collapse
|
990
|
Persano L, Zagoura D, Louisse J, Pistollato F. Role of Environmental Chemicals, Processed Food Derivatives, and Nutrients in the Induction of Carcinogenesis. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2337-52. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Persano
- Istituto di Riceca Pediatrica Città della Speranza—IRP, Padova, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dimitra Zagoura
- Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Pistollato
- Center for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA), Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
991
|
Bose S, Panda AK, Mukherjee S, Sa G. Curcumin and tumor immune-editing: resurrecting the immune system. Cell Div 2015; 10:6. [PMID: 26464579 PMCID: PMC4603973 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-015-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has long been known to posses medicinal properties and recent scientific studies have shown its efficacy in treating cancer. Curcumin is now considered to be a promising anti-cancer agent and studies continue on its molecular mechanism of action. Curcumin has been shown to act in a multi-faceted manner by targeting the classical hallmarks of cancer like sustained proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, sustained angiogenesis, insensitivity to growth inhibitors, tissue invasion and metastasis etc. However, one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer is the avoidance of immune system by tumors. Growing tumors adopt several strategies to escape immune surveillance and successfully develop in the body. In this review we highlight the recent studies that show that curcumin also targets this process and helps restore the immune activity against cancer. Curcumin mediates several processes like restoration of CD4+/CD8+ T cell populations, reversal of type-2 cytokine bias, reduction of Treg cell population and suppression of T cell apoptosis; all these help to resurrect tumor immune surveillance that leads to tumor regression. Thus interaction of curcumin with the immune system is also an important feature of its multi-faceted modes of action against cancer. Finally, we also point out the drawbacks of and difficulties in curcumin administration and indicate the use of nano-formulations of curcumin for better therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Bose
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
| | - Abir Kumar Panda
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
| | - Shravanti Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
| |
Collapse
|
992
|
Chruscinski A, Sadozai H, Rojas-Luengas V, Bartczak A, Khattar R, Selzner N, Levy GA. Role of Regulatory T Cells (Treg) and the Treg Effector Molecule Fibrinogen-like Protein 2 in Alloimmunity and Autoimmunity. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2015; 6:RMMJ.10209. [PMID: 26241231 PMCID: PMC4524397 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical to the maintenance of immune tolerance. Treg are known to utilize a number of molecular pathways to control immune responses and maintain immune homeostasis. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) has been identified by a number of investigators as an important immunosuppressive effector of Treg, which exerts its immunoregulatory activity by binding to inhibitory FcγRIIB receptors expressed on antigen-presenting cells including dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and B cells. More recently, it has been suggested that FGL2 accounts for the immunosuppressive activity of a highly suppressive subset of Treg that express T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT). Here we discuss the important role of Treg and FGL2 in preventing alloimmune and autoimmune disease. The FGL2-FcγRIIB pathway is also known to be utilized by viruses and tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. Moving forward, therapies based on modulation of the FGL2-FcγRIIB pathway hold promise for the treatment of a wide variety of conditions ranging from autoimmunity to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary A. Levy
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
993
|
Ma N, Zhou LW, Li LJ, Li Z, Feng BS. Role of HLA-B associated transcript 3 in immune diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:2761-2767. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i17.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-B associated transcript 3 (BAT3/Scythe/BAG6) is a member of the BAG protein family which can regulate the cell cycle. Recently, BAT3 has also been identified to have immunoregulatory function through kinds of mechanisms. First, BAT3 can promote the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), the activity of macrophages and the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-Ⅱ on antigen presenting cells (APCs) to regulate chronic inflammation. Second, BAT3 can suppress T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3)-mediated cell death and exhaustion of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) to exacerbate autoimmune diseases. Finally, BAT3 can regulate the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells (NKs) in a NKp30-dependent manner to play a part in tumor immune evasion and tumor rejection. Further details about BAT3 and its involvement in immunity and immunity-associated diseases will benefit the novel strategy for treatment of immune diseases.
Collapse
|
994
|
Rajakulendran T, Adam DN. Spotlight on pembrolizumab in the treatment of advanced melanoma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2883-6. [PMID: 26082618 PMCID: PMC4461129 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s78036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Many approved therapies often do not achieve durable responses in patients. This underscores the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Recruiting a robust immune response is an important antineoplastic treatment strategy. Immune checkpoints offer a molecular target for modulating the immune response and a promising therapeutic target in metastatic melanoma. Here we discuss the recent approval of pembrolizumab by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and its impact on future management of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanashan Rajakulendran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Postgraduate Medical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David N Adam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
995
|
Zealley B, de Grey AD. Commentary on Some Recent Theses Relevant to Combating Aging: June 2015. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 18:282-8. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
996
|
Chirumbolo S. Alpha-bisabolol, not a matter for cancer therapy. Commentary: "Research on the immunosuppressive activity of ingredients contained in sunscreens". Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:96. [PMID: 26029105 PMCID: PMC4426726 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Medicine, University Laboratories for Medical Research (LURM)-Medicine D, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|