951
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Poorebrahim M, Salarian A, Najafi S, Abazari MF, Aleagha MN, Dadras MN, Jazayeri SM, Ataei A, Poortahmasebi V. Regulatory network analysis of Epstein-Barr virus identifies functional modules and hub genes involved in infectious mononucleosis. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1299-1309. [PMID: 28155194 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and establishes lifetime infection associated with a variety of cancers and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to develop an integrative gene regulatory network (GRN) approach and overlying gene expression data to identify the representative subnetworks for IM and EBV latent infection (LI). After identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both IM and LI gene expression profiles, functional annotations were applied using gene ontology (GO) and BiNGO tools, and construction of GRNs, topological analysis and identification of modules were carried out using several plugins of Cytoscape. In parallel, a human-EBV GRN was generated using the Hu-Vir database for further analyses. Our analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs in both IM and LI were involved in cell-cycle and DNA repair processes. However, these genes showed a significant negative correlation in the IM and LI states. Furthermore, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) - a hub gene with the highest centrality score - appeared to be the key player in cell cycle regulation in IM disease. The most significant functional modules in the IM and LI states were involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Human-EBV network analysis revealed several direct targets of EBV proteins during IM disease. Our study provides an important first report on the response to IM/LI EBV infection in humans. An important aspect of our data was the upregulation of genes associated with cell cycle progression and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Poorebrahim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salarian
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Najafi
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Foad Abazari
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nouri Aleagha
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasr Dadras
- Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
- Hepatitis B Molecular Laboratory, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 15155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Ataei
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Hepatitis B Molecular Laboratory, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 15155-6446, Tehran, Iran.
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952
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Rocca A, Schirone A, Maltoni R, Bravaccini S, Cecconetto L, Farolfi A, Bronte G, Andreis D. Progress with palbociclib in breast cancer: latest evidence and clinical considerations. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:83-105. [PMID: 28203301 PMCID: PMC5298405 DOI: 10.1177/1758834016677961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the cell cycle is a hallmark of cancer, and research on cell cycle control has allowed identification of potential targets for anticancer treatment. Palbociclib is a selective inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), which are involved, with their coregulatory partners cyclin D, in the G1-S transition. Inhibition of this step halts cell cycle progression in cells in which the involved pathway, including the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and the E2F family of transcription factors, is functioning, although having been deregulated. Among breast cancers, those with functioning cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb-E2F are mainly hormone-receptor (HR) positive, with some HER2-positive and rare triple-negative cases. Deregulation results from genetic or otherwise occurring hyperactivation of molecules subtending cell cycle progression, or inactivation of cell cycle inhibitors. Based on results of randomized clinical trials, palbociclib was granted accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in combination with letrozole as initial endocrine-based therapy for metastatic disease in postmenopausal women with HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, and was approved for use in combination with fulvestrant in women with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer with disease progression following endocrine therapy. This review provides an update of the available knowledge on the cell cycle and its regulation, on the alterations in cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb-E2F axis in breast cancer and their roles in endocrine resistance, on the preclinical activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer, both as monotherapy and as partners of combinatorial synergic treatments, and on the clinical development of palbociclib in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rocca
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Maroncelli 40, Meldola, FC 47014, Italy
| | - Alessio Schirone
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Roberta Maltoni
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecconetto
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Alberto Farolfi
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bronte
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreis
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
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953
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Pedraza N, Cemeli T, Monserrat MV, Garí E, Ferrezuelo F. Regulation of small GTPase activity by G1 cyclins. Small GTPases 2017; 10:47-53. [PMID: 28129038 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1268665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) partner G1 cyclins control cell cycle entry by phosphorylating a number of nuclear targets and releasing a transcriptional program at the end of G1 phase. Yeast G1 cyclins also operate on cytoplasmic targets involved in the polarization of the cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking. These processes are mainly controlled by the small GTPase Cdc42, and G1 cyclins regulate the activity of this and other small GTPases through the modulation of their regulators and effectors. This regulation is key for different developmental outcomes in unicellular organisms. In mammalian cells cytoplasmic G1 cyclin D1 has been shown to promote the activity of Rac1 and Ral GTPases and to block RhoA. Regulation of these small GTPases by G1 cyclins may constitute a mechanism to coordinate proliferation with cell migration and morphogenesis, important processes not only during normal development and organogenesis but also for tumor formation and metastasis. Here we briefly review the evidence supporting a role of G1 cyclins and CDKs as regulators of the activity of small GTPases, emphasizing their functional relevance both in budding yeast and in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Pedraza
- a Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida) , and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques , Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida , Lleida , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Tània Cemeli
- a Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida) , and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques , Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida , Lleida , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Ma Ventura Monserrat
- a Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida) , and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques , Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida , Lleida , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Eloi Garí
- a Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida) , and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques , Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida , Lleida , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Francisco Ferrezuelo
- a Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida) , and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques , Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida , Lleida , Catalonia , Spain
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954
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Sawair F, Hassona Y, Irwin C, Stephenson M, Hamilton P, Maxwell P, Gordon D, Leonard A, Napier S. p53, Cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1) and Ki-67 (MIB1) Expression at Invasive Tumour Fronts of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Development of Local Recurrence. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1243-9. [PMID: 27039754 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1) and Ki-67 (MIB1) was evaluated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to test whether levels of these markers at invasive tumour fronts (ITFs) could predict the development of local recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Archived paraffin-embedded specimens from 51 patients with T1/T2 tumours were stained immunohistochemically and analysed quantitatively. Local recurrence-free survival was tested with Kaplan-Meier survival plots (log-rank test) using median values to define low and high expression groups and with a Cox's proportional hazards model in which the expression scores were entered as continuous variables. RESULTS The assessment of expression of all markers was highly reliable, univariate analysis showing that patients with clear surgical margins, with low cyclin D1 and high p21 expression at the ITF had the best local recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis showed that these three parameters were independent prognostic factors but that neither p53 nor MIB1 expression were of prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1), and Ki-67 (MIB1) at the ITF could help to predict local recurrence in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sawair
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan E-mail :
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955
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He X, Jiang W, Luo Z, Qu T, Wang Z, Liu N, Zhang Y, Cooper PR, He W. IFN-γ regulates human dental pulp stem cells behavior via NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40681. [PMID: 28098169 PMCID: PMC5241669 DOI: 10.1038/srep40681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During caries, dental pulp expresses a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to the infectious challenge. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine, which is critical for immune responses. Previous study has demonstrated that IFN-γ at relative high concentration (100 ng/mL) treatment improved the impaired dentinogenic and immunosuppressive regulatory functions of disease-derived dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). However, little is known about the regulatory effects of IFN-γ at relative low concentration on healthy DPSC behavior (including proliferation, migration, and multiple-potential differentiation). Here we demonstrate that IFN-γ at relatively low concentrations (0.5 ng/mL) promoted the proliferation and migration of DPSCs, but abrogated odonto/osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, we identified that NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways are both involved in the process of IFN-γ-regulated odonto/osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. DPSCs treated with IFN-γ and supplemented with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor) or SB203580 (a MAPK inhibitor) showed significantly improved potential for odonto/osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs both in vivo and in vitro. These data provide important insight into the regulatory effects of IFN-γ on the biological behavior of DPSCs and indicate a promising therapeutic strategy for dentin/pulp tissue engineering in future endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhirong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Tiejun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK
| | - Wenxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry &Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
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956
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Lin X, Tian L, Wang L, Li W, Xu Q, Xiao X. Antitumor effects and the underlying mechanism of licochalcone A combined with 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1695-1701. [PMID: 28454311 PMCID: PMC5403170 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LCA) is a flavonoid extracted from licorice root that has antiparasitic, antibacterial and antitumor properties. Previous studies have revealed that LCA may be a novel treatment for gastric cancer. The present study further assessed the potential antitumor effects of LCA alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the underlying mechanisms responsible for those effects in gastric cancer cells. The effects of LCA alone or in combination with 5-FU on SGC7901 and MKN-45 gastric cancer cell lines were studied using Cell Counting Kit-8, cell cycle, apoptosis and western blot analyses of cell check points and apoptosis-associated proteins. The results revealed that LCA inhibited cell proliferation, blocked cell cycle progression at the G2/M transition and induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that LCA treatment increased the levels of tumor proteins 21 and 27, as well as mouse double minute 2 homolog in gastric cancer cells. In addition, LCA treatment increased the expression levels of Bax, cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase, tumor protein 53 and caspase 3, and decreased the expression levels of Bcl-2. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that LCA alone or in combination with 5-FU may have significant anticancer effects on gastric cancer cells, and may be a novel therapeutic for the treatment of gastric cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Lin
- Department of Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Xuhui Centre Hospital, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xiuying Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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957
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Zhou S, Abdouh M, Arena V, Arena M, Arena GO. Reprogramming Malignant Cancer Cells toward a Benign Phenotype following Exposure to Human Embryonic Stem Cell Microenvironment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169899. [PMID: 28068409 PMCID: PMC5222525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonic microenvironment is well known to be non-permissive for tumor development because early developmental signals naturally suppress the expression of proto-oncogenes. In an analogous manner, mimicking an early embryonic environment during embryonic stem cell culture has been shown to suppress oncogenic phenotypes of cancer cells. Exosomes derived from human embryonic stem cells harbor substances that mirror the content of the cells of origin and have been reported to reprogram hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells via horizontal transfer of mRNA and proteins. However, the possibility that these embryonic stem cells-derived exosomes might be the main effectors of the anti-tumor effect mediated by the embryonic stem cells has not been explored yet. The present study aims to investigate whether exosomes derived from human embryonic stem cells can reprogram malignant cancer cells to a benign stage and reduce their tumorigenicity. We show that the embryonic stem cell-conditioned medium contains factors that inhibit cancer cell growth and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrate that exosomes derived from human embryonic stem cells display anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic effects, and decrease tumor size in a xenograft model. These exosomes are also able to transfer their cargo into target cancer cells, inducing a dose-dependent increase in SOX2, OCT4 and Nanog proteins, leading to a dose-dependent decrease of cancer cell growth and tumorigenicity. This study shows for the first time that human embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes play an important role in the tumor suppressive activity displayed by human embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Zhou
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mohamed Abdouh
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santo Bambino Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Manuel Arena
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Organ Transplantation and Advances Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Goffredo Orazio Arena
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, St. Mary Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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958
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Cell division controls the faithful segregation of genomic and cytoplasmic materials between the two nascent daughter cells. Members of the Aurora, Polo and cyclin-dependent (Cdk) kinase families are known to regulate multiple events throughout cell division, whereas another kinase, citron kinase (CIT-K), for a long time has been considered to function solely during cytokinesis, the last phase of cell division. CIT-K was originally proposed to regulate the ingression of the cleavage furrow that forms at the equatorial cortex of the dividing cell after chromosome segregation. However, studies in the last decade have clarified that this kinase is, instead, required for the organization of the midbody in late cytokinesis, and also revealed novel functions of CIT-K earlier in mitosis and in DNA damage control. Moreover, CIT-K mutations have recently been linked to the development of human microcephaly, and CIT-K has been identified as a potential target in cancer therapy. In this Commentary, I describe and re-evaluate the functions and regulation of CIT-K during cell division and its involvement in human disease. Finally, I offer my perspectives on the open questions and future challenges that are necessary to address, in order to fully understand this important and yet unjustly neglected mitotic kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo D'Avino
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
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959
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BEN MAHMOUD K, JEDIDI E, DELPORTE F, MUHOVSKI Y, JEMMALI A, DRUART P. Molecular investigations of the somatic embryogenesis recalcitrancein the cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) rootstock CAB 6P. Turk J Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1604-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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960
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Abstract
Usually, cells balance their growth with their division. Coordinating growth inputs with cell division ensures the proper timing of division when sufficient cell material is available and affects the overall rate of cell proliferation. At a very fundamental level, cellular replicative lifespan-defined as the number of times a cell can divide, is a manifestation of cell cycle control. Hence, control of mitotic cell divisions, especially when the commitment is made to a new round of cell division, is intimately linked to replicative aging of cells. In this chapter, we review our current understanding, and its shortcomings, of how unbalanced growth and division, can dramatically influence the proliferative potential of cells, often leading to cellular and organismal aging phenotypes. The interplay between growth and division also underpins cellular senescence (i.e., inability to divide) and quiescence, when cells exit the cell cycle but still retain their ability to divide.
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961
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Tvedt TH, Nepstad I, Bruserud Ø. Antileukemic effects of midostaurin in acute myeloid leukemia - the possible importance of multikinase inhibition in leukemic as well as nonleukemic stromal cells. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 26:343-355. [PMID: 28001095 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1275564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Midostaurin is a multikinase inhibitor that inhibits receptor tyrosine kinases (Flt3, CD117/c-kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) as well as non-receptor tyrosine kinases (Frg, Src, Syk, Protein kinase C). Combination of midostaurin with conventional intensive chemotherapy followed by one year maintenance monotherapy was recently reported to improve the survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with Flt3 mutations. Areas covered: Relevant publications were identified through literature searches in the PubMed database. We searched for (i) original articles describing the results from clinical studies; (ii) published articles describing the importance of midostaurin-inhibited kinases for leukemogenesis and chemosensitivity. Expert opinion: Midostaurin monotherapy is well tolerated, combined with conventional chemotherapy gastrointestinal toxicity increases significantly. Midostaurin alters anthracycline pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, its antileukemic effects may not only be mediated through Flt3 inhibition alone; the inhibition of other kinases may also be important for the overall antileukemic effect. Midostaurin may then have direct effects on the leukemic cells but also indirect antileukemic effects through inhibition of the AML-supporting effects of neighboring stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. Midostaurin may thus be used in combination with intensive chemotherapy, as maintenance treatment or as disease-stabilizing treatment for elderly unfit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Henrik Tvedt
- a Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Ina Nepstad
- b Section for Hematology , Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- a Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway.,b Section for Hematology , Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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962
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Hylsová M, Carbain B, Fanfrlík J, Musilová L, Haldar S, Köprülüoğlu C, Ajani H, Brahmkshatriya PS, Jorda R, Kryštof V, Hobza P, Echalier A, Paruch K, Lepšík M. Explicit treatment of active-site waters enhances quantum mechanical/implicit solvent scoring: Inhibition of CDK2 by new pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:1118-1128. [PMID: 28039837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present comprehensive testing of solvent representation in quantum mechanics (QM)-based scoring of protein-ligand affinities. To this aim, we prepared 21 new inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) with the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core, whose activities spanned three orders of magnitude. The crystal structure of a potent inhibitor bound to the active CDK2/cyclin A complex revealed that the biphenyl substituent at position 5 of the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold was located in a previously unexplored pocket and that six water molecules resided in the active site. Using molecular dynamics, protein-ligand interactions and active-site water H-bond networks as well as thermodynamics were probed. Thereafter, all the inhibitors were scored by the QM approach utilizing the COSMO implicit solvent model. Such a standard treatment failed to produce a correlation with the experiment (R2 = 0.49). However, the addition of the active-site waters resulted in significant improvement (R2 = 0.68). The activities of the compounds could thus be interpreted by taking into account their specific noncovalent interactions with CDK2 and the active-site waters. In summary, using a combination of several experimental and theoretical approaches we demonstrate that the inclusion of explicit solvent effects enhance QM/COSMO scoring to produce a reliable structure-activity relationship with physical insights. More generally, this approach is envisioned to contribute to increased accuracy of the computational design of novel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hylsová
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Benoit Carbain
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Musilová
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Susanta Haldar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Cemal Köprülüoğlu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Haresh Ajani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pathik S Brahmkshatriya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aude Echalier
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048 - UM - INSERM U 1054, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Kamil Paruch
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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963
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Characterization of cyclin-dependent kinases and Cdc2/Cdc28 kinase subunits in Trichomonas vaginalis. Parasitology 2016; 144:571-582. [PMID: 27928981 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have important roles in regulating key checkpoints between stages of the cell cycle. Their activity is tightly regulated through a variety of mechanisms, including through binding with cyclin proteins and the Cdc2/Cdc28 kinase subunit (CKS), and their phosphorylation at specific amino acids. Studies of the components involved in cell cycle control in parasitic protozoa are limited. Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis in humans and is therefore important in public health; however, some of the basic biological processes used by this organism have not been defined. Here, we characterized proteins potentially involved in cell cycle regulation in T. vaginalis. Three genes encoding protein kinases were identified in the T. vaginalis genome, and the corresponding recombinant proteins (TvCRK1, TvCRK2, TvCRK5) were studied. These proteins displayed similar sequence features to CDKs. Two genes encoding CKSs were also identified, and the corresponding recombinant proteins were found to interact with TvCRK1 and TvCRK2 by a yeast two-hybrid system. One putative cyclin B protein from T. vaginalis was found to bind to and activate the kinase activities of TvCRK1 and TvCRK5, but not TvCRK2. This work is the first characterization of proteins involved in cell cycle control in T. vaginalis.
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964
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Oh S, Kawasaki I, Park JH, Shim YH. cdc-25.4, a Caenorhabditis elegans Ortholog of cdc25, Is Required for Male Mating Behavior. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2016; 6:4127-4138. [PMID: 27770028 PMCID: PMC5144981 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.036129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell division cycle 25 (cdc25) is an evolutionarily conserved phosphatase that promotes cell cycle progression. Among the four cdc25 orthologs in Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that cdc-25.4 mutant males failed to produce outcrossed progeny. This was not caused by defects in sperm development, but by defects in male mating behavior. The cdc-25.4 mutant males showed various defects during male mating, including contact response, backing, turning, and vulva location. Aberrant turning behavior was the most prominent defect in the cdc-25.4 mutant males. We also found that cdc-25.4 is expressed in many neuronal cells throughout development. The turning defect in cdc-25.4 mutant males was recovered by cdc-25.4 transgenic expression in neuronal cells, suggesting that cdc-25.4 functions in neurons for male mating. However, the neuronal morphology of cdc-25.4 mutant males appeared to be normal, as examined with several neuronal markers. Also, RNAi depletion of wee-1.3, a C. elegans ortholog of Wee1/Myt1 kinase, failed to suppress the mating defects of cdc-25.4 mutant males. These findings suggest that, for successful male mating, cdc-25.4 does not target cell cycles that are required for neuronal differentiation and development. Rather, cdc-25.4 likely regulates noncanonical substrates in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ichiro Kawasaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yhong-Hee Shim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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965
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Mulner-Lorillon O, Chassé H, Morales J, Bellé R, Cormier P. MAPK/ERK activity is required for the successful progression of mitosis in sea urchin embryos. Dev Biol 2016; 421:194-203. [PMID: 27913220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Using sea urchin embryos, we demonstrate that the MEK/MAPK/ERK cascade is essential for the proper progression of the cell cycle. Activation of a limited fraction of MAPK/ERK is required between S-phase and M-phase. Neither DNA replication nor CDK1 activation are impacted by the inhibition of this small active MAPK/ERK fraction. Nonetheless, the chromatin and spindle organisations are profoundly altered. Early morphological disorders induced by the absence of MAPK/ERK activation are correlated with an important inhibition of global protein synthesis and modification in the cyclin B accumulation profile. After appearance of morphological disorders, there is an increase in the level of the inhibitor of protein synthesis, 4E-BP, and, ultimately, an activation of the spindle checkpoint. Altogether, our results suggest that MAPK/ERK activity is required for the synthesis of (a) protein(s) implicated in an early step of chromatin /microtubule attachment. If this MAPK/ERK-dependent step is not achieved, the cell activates a new checkpoint mechanism, involving the reappearance of 4E-BP that maintains a low level of protein translation, thus saving cellular energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Mulner-Lorillon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
| | - Héloïse Chassé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Julia Morales
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Robert Bellé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Patrick Cormier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
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966
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Koch H, Wilhelm M, Ruprecht B, Beck S, Frejno M, Klaeger S, Kuster B. Phosphoproteome Profiling Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Growth-Factor-Mediated Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in EGFR-Overexpressing Cancer Cells. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4490-4504. [PMID: 27794612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made regarding the use of molecularly targeted cancer therapies, resistance almost invariably develops and presents a major clinical challenge. The tumor microenvironment can rescue cancer cells from kinase inhibitors by growth-factor-mediated induction of pro-survival pathways. Here we show that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition by Gefitinib is counteracted by growth factors, notably FGF2, and we assessed the global molecular consequences of this resistance at the proteome and phosphoproteome level in A431 cells. Tandem mass tag peptide labeling and quantitative mass spectrometry allowed the identification and quantification of 22 000 phosphopeptides and 8800 proteins in biological triplicates without missing values. The data show that FGF2 protects the cells from the antiproliferative effect of Gefitinib and largely prevents reprogramming of the proteome and phosphoproteome. Simultaneous EGFR/FGFR or EGFR/GSG2 (Haspin) inhibition overcomes this resistance, and the phosphoproteomic experiments further prioritized the RAS/MEK/ERK as well as the PI3K/mTOR axis for combination treatment. Consequently, the MEK inhibitor Trametinib prevented FGF2-mediated survival of EGFR inhibitor-resistant cells when used in combination with Gefitinib. Surprisingly, the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor Omipalisib reversed resistance mediated by all four growth factors tested, making it an interesting candidate for mitigating the effects of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Koch
- Chair for Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich , 85354 Freising, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelm
- Chair for Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich , 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ruprecht
- Chair for Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich , 85354 Freising, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Scarlet Beck
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry , 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Frejno
- Chair for Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich , 85354 Freising, Germany.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford , OX3 7DQ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Klaeger
- Chair for Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich , 85354 Freising, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair for Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich , 85354 Freising, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) , 81377 Munich, Germany.,Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Technische Universität München , 85354 Freising, Germany
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967
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Nekova TS, Kneitz S, Einsele H, Bargou R, Stuhler G. Silencing of CDK2, but not CDK1, separates mitogenic from anti-apoptotic signaling, sensitizing p53 defective cells for synthetic lethality. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3203-3209. [PMID: 27831832 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1241915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors targeting CDK1/CDK2 have been clinically proven effective against a variety of tumors, albeit at the cost of profound off target toxicities. To separate potential therapeutic from toxic effects, we selectively knocked down CDK1 or CDK2 in p53 mutated HACAT cells by siRNA silencing. Using dynamic, cell cycle wide proteome arrays, we observed minor changes in overall abundance of proteins critically involved in cell cycle transition despite profound G2/M or G1/S arrest, respectively. Employing phospho site specific analyses, we identified uncoupled mitogenic, yet pro-apoptotic signaling from counter balancing anti-apoptotic activity in CDK2 disrupted cells. Moreover, a crucial role of CDK2 activity in early serum response was observed, extending well-established roles of CDKs outside their cell cycle regulating functions. In contrast, disruption of CDK1 only marginally affected phosphorylation events of crucial signaling nodes prior to G2/S transition. The data presented here suggest that the temporal separation of pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways by selective inhibition of CDK2 disrupts coherent signaling modules and may synergize with anti-proliferative drugs, averting toxic side effects from CDK1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana S Nekova
- a Department of Internal Medicine II , Julius-Maximilians University , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- b Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians University , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- a Department of Internal Medicine II , Julius-Maximilians University , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Ralf Bargou
- c Cancer Comprehensive Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Gernot Stuhler
- a Department of Internal Medicine II , Julius-Maximilians University , Wuerzburg , Germany.,d DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden , Wiesbaden , Germany
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968
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) mediate key steps in the HIV-1 replication cycle and therefore have potential to serve as therapeutic targets for HIV-1 infection, especially in HIV-1 cure strategies. Current HIV-1 cure strategies involve the development of small molecules that are able to activate HIV-1 from latent infection, thereby allowing the immune system to recognize and clear infected cells. Areas covered: The role of seven CDK family members in the HIV-1 replication cycle is reviewed, with a focus on CDK9, as the mechanism whereby the viral Tat protein utilizes CDK9 to enhance viral replication is known in considerable detail. Expert opinion: Given the essential roles of CDKs in cellular proliferation and gene expression, small molecules that inhibit CDKs are unlikely to be feasible therapeutics for HIV-1 infection. However, small molecules that activate CDK9 and other select CDKs such as CDK11 have potential to reactivate latent HIV-1 and contribute to a functional cure of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Rice
- a Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX USA
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969
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Recent progress of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:2047-2076. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the cell cycle is a common feature in human cancer. The inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play a crucial role in control of the cell cycle, has always been one of the most promising areas in cancer chemotherapy. This review first summarizes the biology of CDKs and then focuses on the recent advances in both broad-range and selective CDK inhibitors during the last 5 years. The design rationale, structural optimization and structure–activity relationships analysis of these small molecules have been discussed in detail and the key interactions with the amino-acid residues of the most important compounds are highlighted. Future perspectives for CDKs inhibitors will be defined in the development of highly selective CDK inhibitors, an accurate knowledge of gene control mechanism and further predictive biomarker research.
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970
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Xie S, Jiang H, Zhai XW, Wei F, Wang SD, Ding J, Chen Y. Antitumor action of CDK inhibitor LS-007 as a single agent and in combination with ABT-199 against human acute leukemia cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1481-1489. [PMID: 27569395 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM LS-007 is a CDK inhibitor, which exhibits potent antitumor activity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia and ovarian cancer cells. In this study, we further evaluated the antitumor activity of LS-007 alone and in combination with a Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-199 in acute leukemia (AL) cells. METHODS Cell viability was detected using resazurin assay, and cell apoptosis was examined using Annexin V/PI double staining and flow cytometry. The inhibition of LS-007 on kinases was evaluated with the mobility shift assay or ELISA. The expression of relevant signaling molecules was assessed using Western blotting and RT-PCR. Primary lymphocytes from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were separated using Ficoll-Paque PLUS. RESULTS LS-007 inhibited the proliferation of 6 AL cell lines with IC50 values of 100-200 nmol/L, and decreased the survival of ALL and AML patient-derived lymphocytes with mean LD50 value of 67 and 102 nmol/L, respectively. In kinase assays in vitro, LS-007 was more selective for the CDK family, inhibiting CDK2, CDK9, CDK1 and CDK4 at low nanomolar concentrations. In HL-60 and CCRF-CEM cells, LS-007 (0.1-0.4 μmol/L) dose-dependently induced cell apoptosis predominantly through CDK9 inhibition-related dephosphorylation at the ser2 residue of RNA pol II and the corresponding depletion of anti-apoptotic proteins, especially Mcl-1 and XIAP. LS-007 (0.2 and 0.4 μmol/L) also induced cell apoptosis in the patient-derived lymphocytes. In HL-60, CCRF-CEM and Molt-4 cells, combined application of LS-007 with ABT-199 (1 or 2 μmol/L) markedly increased cell apoptosis with a maximal decrease in the XIAP levels as compared with either drug used alone. CONCLUSION CDK inhibitor LS-007 potently inhibits the established human AL cell lines and primary AL blasts, and it also shows remarkable synergy with Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-199.
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971
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Picard V, Mulner-Lorillon O, Bourdon J, Morales J, Cormier P, Siegel A, Bellé R. Model of the delayed translation of cyclin B maternal mRNA after sea urchin fertilization. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:1070-1082. [PMID: 27699901 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sea urchin eggs exhibit a cap-dependent increase in protein synthesis within minutes after fertilization. This rise in protein synthesis occurs at a constant rate for a great number of proteins translated from the different available mRNAs. Surprisingly, we found that cyclin B, a major cell-cycle regulator, follows a synthesis pattern that is distinct from the global protein population, so we developed a mathematical model to analyze this dissimilarity in biosynthesis kinetic patterns. The model includes two pathways for cyclin B mRNA entry into the translational machinery: one from immediately available mRNA (mRNAcyclinB) and one from mRNA activated solely after fertilization (XXmRNAcyclinB). Two coefficients, α and β, were added to fit the measured scales of global protein and cyclin B synthesis, respectively. The model was simplified to identify the synthesis parameters and to allow its simulation. The calculated parameters for activation of the specific cyclin B synthesis pathway after fertilization included a kinetic constant (ka ) of 0.024 sec-1 , for the activation of XXmRNAcyclinB, and a critical time interval (t2 ) of 42 min. The proportion of XXmRNAcyclinB form was also calculated to be largely dominant over the mRNAcyclinB form. Regulation of cyclin B biosynthesis is an example of a select protein whose translation is controlled by pathways that are distinct from housekeeping proteins, even though both involve the same cap-dependent initiation pathway. Therefore, this model should help provide insight to the signaling utilized for the biosynthesis of cyclin B and other select proteins. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 1070-1082, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Picard
- CNRS UMR 6241, Laboratoire LINA, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, IRISA-UMR 6074, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France.,INRIA, Centre Rennes-Bretagne Atlantique, Symbiose, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Odile Mulner-Lorillon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff Cedex, France.,CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Jérémie Bourdon
- CNRS UMR 6241, Laboratoire LINA, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Julia Morales
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff Cedex, France.,CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Cormier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff Cedex, France.,CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Anne Siegel
- CNRS, IRISA-UMR 6074, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France.,INRIA, Centre Rennes-Bretagne Atlantique, Symbiose, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Robert Bellé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff Cedex, France.,CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Translation Cell Cycle and Development, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff Cedex, France
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972
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Mushtaq G, Greig NH, Anwar F, Al-Abbasi FA, Zamzami MA, Al-Talhi HA, Kamal MA. Neuroprotective Mechanisms Mediated by CDK5 Inhibition. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:527-34. [PMID: 26601962 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666151124235028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase belonging to the family of cyclin-dependent kinases. In addition to maintaining the neuronal architecture, CDK5 plays an important role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release, neuron migration and neurite outgrowth. Although various reports have shown links between neurodegeneration and deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases, the specific role of CDK5 inhibition in causing neuroprotection in cases of neuronal insult or in neurodegenerative diseases is not wellunderstood. This article discusses current evidence for the involvement of CDK5 deregulation in neurodegenerative disorders and neurodegeneration associated with stroke through various mechanisms. These include upregulation of cyclin D1 and overactivation of CDK5 mediated neuronal cell death pathways, aberrant hyperphosphorylation of human tau proteins and/or neurofilament proteins, formation of neurofibrillary lesions, excitotoxicity, cytoskeletal disruption, motor neuron death (due to abnormally high levels of CDK5/p25) and colchicine- induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons. A better understanding of the role of CDK5 inhibition in neuroprotective mechanisms will help scientists and researchers to develop selective, safe and efficacious pharmacological inhibitors of CDK5 for therapeutic use against human neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neuronal loss associated with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Mushtaq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National, Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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973
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Morse D, Daoust P, Benribague S. A Transcriptome-based Perspective of Cell Cycle Regulation in Dinoflagellates. Protist 2016; 167:610-621. [PMID: 27816812 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates are a group of unicellular and generally marine protists, of interest to many because of their ability to form the large algal blooms commonly called "red tides". The large algal concentrations in these blooms require sustained cell replication, yet to date little is known about cell cycle regulation in these organisms. To address this issue, we have screened the transcriptomes of two dinoflagellates, Lingulodinium polyedrum and Symbiodinium sp., with budding yeast cell cycle pathway components. We find most yeast cell cycle regulators have homologs in these dinoflagellates, suggesting that the yeast model is appropriate for understanding regulation of the dinoflagellate cell cycle. The dinoflagellates are lacking several components essential in yeast, but a comparison with a broader phylogenetic range of protists reveals these components are usually also missing in other organisms. Lastly, phylogenetic analyses show that the dinoflagellates contain at least three cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) homologs (belonging to the CDK1, CDK5 and CDK8 families), and that the dinoflagellate cyclins belong exclusively to the A/B type. This suggests that dinoflagellate CDKs likely play a limited role outside regulation of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Morse
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1X 2B2.
| | - Philip Daoust
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1X 2B2
| | - Siham Benribague
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1X 2B2
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974
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Barone G, Staples CJ, Ganesh A, Patterson KW, Bryne DP, Myers KN, Patil AA, Eyers CE, Maslen S, Skehel JM, Eyers PA, Collis SJ. Human CDK18 promotes replication stress signaling and genome stability. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:8772-8785. [PMID: 27382066 PMCID: PMC5062979 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) coordinate cell cycle checkpoints with DNA repair mechanisms that together maintain genome stability. However, the myriad mechanisms that can give rise to genome instability are still to be fully elucidated. Here, we identify CDK18 (PCTAIRE 3) as a novel regulator of genome stability, and show that depletion of CDK18 causes an increase in endogenous DNA damage and chromosomal abnormalities. CDK18-depleted cells accumulate in early S-phase, exhibiting retarded replication fork kinetics and reduced ATR kinase signaling in response to replication stress. Mechanistically, CDK18 interacts with RAD9, RAD17 and TOPBP1, and CDK18-deficiency results in a decrease in both RAD17 and RAD9 chromatin retention in response to replication stress. Importantly, we demonstrate that these phenotypes are rescued by exogenous CDK18 in a kinase-dependent manner. Collectively, these data reveal a rate-limiting role for CDK18 in replication stress signalling and establish it as a novel regulator of genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Barone
- Genome Stability Group, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Christopher J Staples
- Genome Stability Group, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Anil Ganesh
- Genome Stability Group, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Karl W Patterson
- DNA Replication and Repair Group, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Dominic P Bryne
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie N Myers
- Genome Stability Group, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Abhijit A Patil
- Genome Stability Group, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah Maslen
- Mass Spectrometry Group, The MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Cell Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - J Mark Skehel
- Mass Spectrometry Group, The MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Cell Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Spencer J Collis
- Genome Stability Group, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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975
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Wei W, Shu S, Zhu W, Xiong Y, Peng F. The Kinome of Edible and Medicinal Fungus Wolfiporia cocos. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1495. [PMID: 27708635 PMCID: PMC5030230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolfiporia cocos is an edible and medicinal fungus that grows in association with pine trees, and its dried sclerotium, known as Fuling in China, has been used as a traditional medicine in East Asian countries for centuries. Nearly 10% of the traditional Chinese medicinal preparations contain W. cocos. Currently, the commercial production of Fuling is limited because of the lack of pine-based substrate and paucity of knowledge about the sclerotial development of the fungus. Since protein kinase (PKs) play significant roles in the regulation of growth, development, reproduction, and environmental responses in filamentous fungi, the kinome of W. cocos was analyzed by identifying the PKs genes, studying transcript profiles and assigning PKs to orthologous groups. Of the 10 putative PKs, 11 encode atypical PKs, and 13, 10, 2, 22, and 11 could encoded PKs from the AGC, CAMK, CK, CMGC, STE, and TLK Groups, respectively. The level of transcripts from PK genes associated with sclerotia formation in the mycelium and sclerotium stages were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Based on the functions of the orthologs in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (a sclerotia-formation fungus) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the potential roles of these W. cocos PKs were assigned. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first identification and functional discussion of the kinome in the edible and medicinal fungus W. cocos. Our study systematically suggests potential roles of W. cocos PKs and provide comprehensive and novel insights into W. cocos sclerotial development and other economically important traits. Additionally, based on our result, genetic engineering can be employed for over expression or interference of some significant PKs genes to promote sclerotial growth and the accumulation of active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University Wuhan, China
| | - Shaohua Shu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Hefei Inzyme Information Technology Co., Ltd Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Peng
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan, China
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976
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Lu X, Qiu H, Yang L, Zhang J, Ma S, Zhen L. Anti-proliferation effects, efficacy of cyasterone in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:330-339. [PMID: 27668532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyasterone was demonstrated potential inhibition effect in mouse skin carcinoma cells in published report. However, the molecular mechanisms of the cyasterone on cells remain unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of cyasterone-induced apoptosis in A549 and MGC823 cells in vitro. MTT assay showed that cyasterone caused a significantly decreasing of the proliferation of A549 and MGC823 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 38.50±3.73μg/mL on A549 cells and 32.96±1.24μg/mL on MGC823 cells at 48h, respectively. Hoechst staining and TUNEL staining results indicated the quintessential apoptosis features in immunofluorescence image. Apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry. Cyasterone treatment triggered inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor- phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (EGFR-AKT) signaling pathways and activation of P38 pathways. Furthermore, cyasterone inhibited MGC823 cells xenografted tumor growth in vivo with few changes in body weights. In conclusion, our findings provide the evidence that cyasterone inhibits growth of A549 and MGC823 cells, via regulating EGFR signaling pathway. Our results indicated that cyasterone, a natural EGFR inhibitor, maybe a promising anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinGang Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
| | - HongFu Qiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Oncology, BaoShan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, PR China
| | - JieYing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, PuTuo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200063, PR China
| | - ShuJie Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Lan Zhen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, RuiJin Hospital, JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China, PR China
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977
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Chen J, Lu X, Lu C, Wang C, Xu H, Xu X, Gou H, Zhu B, Du W. 13-Methyl-palmatrubine induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2526-2534. [PMID: 27633656 PMCID: PMC5055195 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corydalis yanhusuo, a well-known herbaceous plant, is commonly used in the treatment of inflammation, injury and pain. One natural agent isolated from Corydalis yanhusuo, 13-methyl-palmatrubine, was found to have a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells as reported in published studies. In the present study, we synthesized a potential anti-lung tumor agent, 13-methyl-palmatrubine and analyzed its activity. 13-Methyl-palmatrubine exhibited a cytotoxic effect on a panel of cancer cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Among all the tested cancer cell lines, lung cancer A549 cells were most sensitive to 13-methyl-palmatrubine treatment. Meanwhile 13-methyl-palmatrubine showed less cytotoxicity in human normal cells. Our investigation revealed that 13-methyl-palmatrubine induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, 13-methyl-palmatrubine treatment caused activation of P38 and JNK pathways and blocked the EGFR pathway. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that 13-methyl-palmatrubine inhibited the growth of A549 cells mediated by blocking of the EGFR signaling pathway and activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of 13-methyl-palmatrubine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, RuiJin Hospital, JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Chenghua Lu
- Department of Respiration, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chunying Wang
- Department of Oncology, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Haizhu Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Haixin Gou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaDong Hospital, FuDan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wangchun Du
- Clinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
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978
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Chilà R, Guffanti F, Damia G. Role and therapeutic potential of CDK12 in human cancers. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 50:83-88. [PMID: 27662623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) is important for productive transcription. Deregulated transcription-CDKs have been reported in different human cancers. Until recently CDK9 was the only transcription-CDK with a causative role in cancer, but evidence is cumulating of the importance of CDK12. This review summarizes the role of CDK12 in transcription and RNA processing, in maintaining genomic stability/integrity and in tumorigenesis. CDK12 mutations have been reported in many cancers and have been suggested as a cause of defective DNA repair in ovarian carcinoma. CDK12 may have a role as a new therapeutic target in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Chilà
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Oncology Department, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Guffanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Oncology Department, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Oncology Department, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
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979
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Nomanbhoy TK, Sharma G, Brown H, Wu J, Aban A, Vogeti S, Alemayehu S, Sykes M, Rosenblum JS, Kozarich JW. Chemoproteomic Evaluation of Target Engagement by the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 Inhibitor Palbociclib Correlates with Cancer Cell Response. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5434-41. [PMID: 27571378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Palbociclib is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/CDK6 inhibitor approved for breast cancer that is estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative. We profiled palbociclib in cells either sensitive or resistant to the drug using an ATP/ADP probe-based chemoproteomics platform. Palbociclib only engaged CDK4 or CDK6 in sensitive cells. In resistant cells, no inhibition of CDK4 or CDK6 was observed, although the off-target profiles were similar in both cell types. Prolonged incubation of sensitive cells with the compound (24 h) resulted in the downregulation of additional kinases, including kinases critical for cell cycle progression. This downregulation is consistent with cell cycle arrest caused by palbociclib treatment. Both the direct and indirect targets were also observed in a human tumor xenograft study using the COLO-205 cell line in which phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein was tracked as the pharmacodyanamic marker. Together, these results suggest that this probe-based approach could be an important strategy toward predicting patient responsiveness to palbociclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyzoon K Nomanbhoy
- ActivX Biosciences , 11025 N. Torrey Pines Road, Suite 120, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Geeta Sharma
- Agilux Laboratories , Three Biotech, One Innovation Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Heidi Brown
- ActivX Biosciences , 11025 N. Torrey Pines Road, Suite 120, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- ActivX Biosciences , 11025 N. Torrey Pines Road, Suite 120, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Arwin Aban
- ActivX Biosciences , 11025 N. Torrey Pines Road, Suite 120, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Subha Vogeti
- Agilux Laboratories , Three Biotech, One Innovation Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Senait Alemayehu
- ActivX Biosciences , 11025 N. Torrey Pines Road, Suite 120, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Maria Sykes
- ActivX Biosciences , 11025 N. Torrey Pines Road, Suite 120, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jonathan S Rosenblum
- ActivX Biosciences , 11025 N. Torrey Pines Road, Suite 120, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - John W Kozarich
- ActivX Biosciences , 11025 N. Torrey Pines Road, Suite 120, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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980
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Abstract
Transcription and splicing are fundamental steps in gene expression. These processes have been studied intensively over the past four decades, and very recent findings are challenging some of the formerly established ideas. In particular, splicing was shown to occur much faster than previously thought, with the first spliced products observed as soon as splice junctions emerge from RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Splicing was also found coupled to a specific phosphorylation pattern of Pol II carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD), suggesting a new layer of complexity in the CTD code. Moreover, phosphorylation of the CTD may be scarcer than expected, and other post-translational modifications of the CTD are emerging with unanticipated roles in gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noélia Custódio
- a Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- a Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
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981
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Liu Y, Lai J, Yu M, Wang F, Zhang J, Jiang J, Hu H, Wu Q, Lu G, Xu P, Yang C. The Arabidopsis SUMO E3 Ligase AtMMS21 Dissociates the E2Fa/DPa Complex in Cell Cycle Regulation. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:2225-2237. [PMID: 27492969 PMCID: PMC5059808 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Development requires the proper execution and regulation of the cell cycle via precise, conserved mechanisms. Critically, the E2F/DP complex controls the expression of essential genes during cell cycle transitions. Here, we discovered the molecular function of the Arabidopsis thaliana SUMO E3 ligase METHYL METHANESULFONATE SENSITIVITY GENE21 (AtMMS21) in regulating the cell cycle via the E2Fa/DPa pathway. DPa was identified as an AtMMS21-interacting protein and AtMMS21 competes with E2Fa for interaction with DPa. Moreover, DPa is a substrate for SUMOylation mediated by AtMMS21, and this SUMOylation enhances the dissociation of the E2Fa/DPa complex. AtMMS21 also affects the subcellular localization of E2Fa/DPa. The E2Fa/DPa target genes are upregulated in the root of mms21-1 and mms21-1 mutants showed increased endoreplication. Overexpression of DPa affected the root development of mms21-1, and overexpression of AtMMS21 completely recovered the abnormal phenotypes of 35S:E2Fa-DPa plants. Our results suggest that AtMMS21 dissociates the E2Fa/DPa complex via competition and SUMOylation in the regulation of plant cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Feige Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jieming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Guohui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Panglian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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982
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Park J, Park J, Pei Y, Xu J, Yeo Y. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of recently-developed siRNA nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 104:93-109. [PMID: 26686832 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising drug candidate, expected to have broad therapeutic potentials toward various diseases including viral infections and cancer. With recent advances in bioconjugate chemistry and carrier technology, several siRNA-based drugs have advanced to clinical trials. However, most cases address local applications or diseases in the filtering organs, reflecting remaining challenges in systemic delivery of siRNA. The difficulty in siRNA delivery is in large part due to poor circulation stability and unfavorable pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profiles of siRNA. This review describes the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of siRNA nanomedicines, focusing on those reported in the past 5years, and their pharmacological effects in selected disease models such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver infections, and respiratory diseases. The examples discussed here will provide an insight into the current status of the art and unmet needs in siRNA delivery.
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983
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Tadesse S, Yu M, Kumarasiri M, Le BT, Wang S. Targeting CDK6 in cancer: State of the art and new insights. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3220-30. [PMID: 26315616 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1084445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) plays a vital role in regulating the progression of the cell cycle. More recently, CDK6 has also been shown to have a transcriptional role in tumor angiogenesis. Up-regulated CDK6 activity is associated with the development of several types of cancers. While CDK6 is over-expressed in cancer cells, it has a low detectable level in non-cancerous cells and CDK6-null mice develop normally, suggesting a specific oncogenic role of CDK6, and that its inhibition may represent an ideal mechanism-based and low toxic therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Identification of selective small molecule inhibitors of CDK6 is thus needed for drug development. Herein, we review the latest understandings of the biological regulation and oncogenic roles of CDK6. The potential clinical relevance of CDK6 inhibition, the progress in the development of small-molecule CDK6 inhibitors and the rational design of potential selective CDK6 inhibitors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tadesse
- a Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Center for Cancer Biology; and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia ; Adelaide , Australia
| | - Mingfeng Yu
- a Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Center for Cancer Biology; and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia ; Adelaide , Australia
| | - Malika Kumarasiri
- a Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Center for Cancer Biology; and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia ; Adelaide , Australia
| | - Bich Thuy Le
- a Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Center for Cancer Biology; and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia ; Adelaide , Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- a Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Center for Cancer Biology; and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia ; Adelaide , Australia
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984
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Tanaka T, Okuyama-Dobashi K, Murakami S, Chen W, Okamoto T, Ueda K, Hosoya T, Matsuura Y, Ryo A, Tanaka Y, Hagiwara M, Moriishi K. Inhibitory effect of CDK9 inhibitor FIT-039 on hepatitis B virus propagation. Antiviral Res 2016; 133:156-64. [PMID: 27515132 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current therapies for hepatitis B virus (HBV) cannot completely eliminate the HBV genome because of the stable population of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and so on. FIT-039, which is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 9 inhibitor, is known to suppress the replication of several DNA viruses including HSV, HPV and human adenovirus. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effect of FIT-039 on HBV infection. HepG2 cells expressing human sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (HepG2/NTCP cells) were infected with HBV in the presence of FIT-039. FIT-039 dose-dependently reduced intracellular viral RNA, nucleocapsid-associated viral DNA, and supernatant viral antigens without cytotoxicity in the infected cells (IC50 = 0.33 μM, CC50 > 50 μM). The antiviral activity of FIT-039 was prominent at an early phase of viral infection, although the compound did not inhibit preS1-binding to HepG2/NTCP cells. FIT-039 reduced cccDNA in HBV-replicating or HBV-infected cells. Furthermore, the antiviral activity of entecavir was significantly enhanced by the combination with FIT-039 in the chimeric mice having human hepatocytes infected with HBV. None of the mice had significant drug-related body weight or serum human-albumin concentration changes. These data suggest that CDK9 inhibitor FIT-039 is a promising antiviral candidate for HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kaori Okuyama-Dobashi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shuko Murakami
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wenjia Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Molecular Biodefense Research, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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985
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Chen P, Lee NV, Hu W, Xu M, Ferre RA, Lam H, Bergqvist S, Solowiej J, Diehl W, He YA, Yu X, Nagata A, VanArsdale T, Murray BW. Spectrum and Degree of CDK Drug Interactions Predicts Clinical Performance. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2273-2281. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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986
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Deng M, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhang L, Xie G, Liu Q, Zhang T, Yuan P, Liu D. Silencing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 inhibits the migration of breast cancer cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1523-30. [PMID: 27314680 PMCID: PMC4940103 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3) belongs to the dual-specificity protein phosphatase family, which is hypothesized to regulate cell cycle progression in tumor cells. However, whether CDKN3 is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer remains to be elucidated. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the potential roles of CDKN3 in breast cancer. Breast cancer cell lines were used to detect CDKN3 expression, and CDKN3 expression was silenced to investigate its role in cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and migration. The underlying mechanisms were screened by detecting proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA), vimentin, B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax) expression. CDKN3 was highly expressed in MCF‑7 and BT474 cell lines. The silencing of CDKN3 in MCF‑7 and BT474 cell lines promoted cell apoptosis, induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell migration. The expression levels of PCNA, RhoA, vimentin and Bcl‑2 were downregulated following CDKN3 silencing. Conversely, Bax expression was increased, as compared with the vehicle control. These results suggest that CDKN3 acts as an oncogene during breast cancer progression. The in vitro silencing of CDKN3 promoted apoptosis, induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell migration. Possible mechanisms are associated with the regulation of PCNA, Bcl‑2, vimentin, RhoA and Bax expression. CDKN3 may therefore be considered a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Jianguang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Like Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Gangqiang Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Qipeng Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Dechun Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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987
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Yan GX, Zhang J, Shodhan A, Tian M, Miao W. Cdk3, a conjugation-specific cyclin-dependent kinase, is essential for the initiation of meiosis in Tetrahymena thermophila. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2506-14. [PMID: 27420775 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1207838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is an important process in sexual reproduction. Meiosis initiation has been found to be highly diverse among species. In yeast, it has been established that cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and cyclins are essential components in the meiosis initiation pathway. In this study, we identified 4 Cdks in the model ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, and we found one of them, Cdk3, which is specifically expressed during early conjugation, to be essential for meiosis initiation. Cdk3 deletion led to arrest at the pair formation stage of conjugation. We then confirmed that Cdk3 acts upstream of double-strand break (DSB) formation. Moreover, we detected that Cdk3 is necessary for the expression of many genes involved in early meiotic events. Through proteomic quantification of phosphorylation, co-expression analysis and RNA-Seq analyses, we identified a conjugation-specific cyclin, Cyc2, which most likely partners with Cdk3 to initiate meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Xiong Yan
- a Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Anura Shodhan
- c Department of Chromosome Biology and Max F. Perutz Laboratories , Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Miao Tian
- a Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.,c Department of Chromosome Biology and Max F. Perutz Laboratories , Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Wei Miao
- a Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
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988
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Zhou Y, Shen JK, Hornicek FJ, Kan Q, Duan Z. The emerging roles and therapeutic potential of cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) in human cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:40846-40859. [PMID: 27049727 PMCID: PMC5130049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression and/or hyperactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are common features of most cancer types. CDKs have been shown to play important roles in tumor cell proliferation and growth by controlling cell cycle, transcription, and RNA splicing. CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of breast cancer. CDK11 is a serine/threonine protein kinase in the CDK family and recent studies have shown that CDK11 also plays critical roles in cancer cell growth and proliferation. A variety of genetic and epigenetic events may cause universal overexpression of CDK11 in human cancers. Inhibition of CDK11 has been shown to lead to cancer cell death and apoptosis. Significant evidence has suggested that CDK11 may be a novel and promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers. This review will focus on the emerging roles of CDK11 in human cancers, and provide a proof-of-principle for continued efforts toward targeting CDK11 for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jacson K. Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
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989
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Phase 1 study of abemaciclib, an inhibitor of CDK 4 and 6, as a single agent for Japanese patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:281-8. [PMID: 27312735 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To confirm the safety and tolerability, evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), and investigate the antitumor activity of abemaciclib in Japanese patients with advanced cancer. METHODS We conducted a non-randomized, single-arm, open-label, dose-escalation phase 1 study of abemaciclib administered orally every 12 h (Q12H) on a 28-day cycle at doses of 100 mg (Cohort 1, n = 3), 150 mg (Cohort 2, n = 3), or 200 mg [Cohort 3, n = 6, maximum tolerated dose (MTD)]. Dose escalation was based on the frequency of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). MTD, as established in the previous phase 1 study in non-Japanese patients, was the highest dose level at which <33 % of patients experienced DLT. RESULTS Eleven of the 12 patients who received treatment with abemaciclib discontinued: 10 patients due to progressive disease, and 1 due to a DLT (Cohort 3, grade 2 nausea). Diarrhea, the most common treatment-emergent adverse event (AE), was managed supportively and did not require study treatment discontinuation. There were no drug-related serious AEs and no patients with corrected QT (QTc) > 480 ms or QTc change of >60 ms from baseline. The abemaciclib PK profile was characterized by slow absorption and high PK variability after single or repeated doses. Two patients, one with breast cancer and one with neuroendocrine tumor, experienced >30 % decrease in tumor size from baseline. CONCLUSIONS In Japanese patients with advanced cancer, single-agent abemaciclib has an acceptable safety profile and demonstrates antitumor activity at a dose of 200 mg Q12H. These findings support ongoing development of abemaciclib for diverse populations with advanced cancer.
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990
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Lim DY, Shin SH, Lee MH, Malakhova M, Kurinov I, Wu Q, Xu J, Jiang Y, Dong Z, Liu K, Lee KY, Bae KB, Choi BY, Deng Y, Bode A, Dong Z. A natural small molecule, catechol, induces c-Myc degradation by directly targeting ERK2 in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:35001-14. [PMID: 27167001 PMCID: PMC5085205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various carcinogens induce EGFR/RAS/MAPK signaling, which is critical in the development of lung cancer. In particular, constitutive activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) is observed in many lung cancer patients, and therefore developing compounds capable of targeting ERK2 in lung carcinogenesis could be beneficial. We examined the therapeutic effect of catechol in lung cancer treatment. Catechol suppressed anchorage-independent growth of murine KP2 and human H460 lung cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Catechol inhibited ERK2 kinase activity in vitro, and its direct binding to the ERK2 active site was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Phosphorylation of c-Myc, a substrate of ERK2, was decreased in catechol-treated lung cancer cells and resulted in reduced protein stability and subsequent down-regulation of total c-Myc. Treatment with catechol induced G1 phase arrest in lung cancer cells and decreased protein expression related to G1-S progression. In addition, we showed that catechol inhibited the growth of both allograft and xenograft lung cancer tumors in vivo. In summary, catechol exerted inhibitory effects on the ERK2/c-Myc signaling axis to reduce lung cancer tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, including a preclinical patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. These findings suggest that catechol, a natural small molecule, possesses potential as a novel therapeutic agent against lung carcinogenesis in future clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Lim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Program in Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- The China-US (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | | | - Qiong Wu
- The China-US (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jinglong Xu
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Hunan, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Hunan, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziming Dong
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Hunan, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- The China-US (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Hunan, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kun Yeong Lee
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Ki Beom Bae
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Bioscience and Technology, Seowon University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Yibin Deng
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Ann Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- The China-US (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Hunan, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
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991
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Jeronimo C, Collin P, Robert F. The RNA Polymerase II CTD: The Increasing Complexity of a Low-Complexity Protein Domain. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:2607-2622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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992
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Ouach A, Boulahjar R, Vala C, Bourg S, Bonnet P, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Ravache M, Le Guevel R, Lozach O, Lazar S, Troin Y, Meijer L, Ruchaud S, Akssira M, Guillaumet G, Routier S. Novel optimization of valmerins (tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]isoindolones) as potent dual CDK5/GSK3 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:311-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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993
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Liu X, Gao Y, Shen J, Yang W, Choy E, Mankin H, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 11 (CDK11) Is Required for Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Its Inhibition Causes Apoptosis and Sensitizes Cells to Paclitaxel. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1691-701. [PMID: 27207777 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is currently the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with limited treatment options. Improved targeted therapies are needed to combat ovarian cancer. Here, we report the identification of cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) as a mediator of tumor cell growth and proliferation in ovarian cancer cells. Although CDK11 has not been implicated previously in this disease, we have found that its expression is upregulated in human ovarian cancer tissues and associated with malignant progression. Metastatic and recurrent tumors have significantly higher CDK11 expression when compared with the matched, original primary tumors. RNAi-mediated CDK11 silencing by synthetic siRNA or lentiviral shRNA decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, CDK11 knockdown enhances the cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel to inhibit cell growth in ovarian cancer cells. Systemic in vivo administration of CDK11 siRNA reduced the tumor growth in an ovarian cancer xenograft model. Our findings suggest that CDK11 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1691-701. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Liu
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wen Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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994
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Upregulation of CDK7 in gastric cancer cell promotes tumor cell proliferation and predicts poor prognosis. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100:514-21. [PMID: 27155449 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CDK7 has been known as a component of CDK activating kinase (CAK) complex, the complex was composed of CDK7, Cyclin H and RING finger protein Mat1 that contribute to cell cycle progression by phosphorylating other CDKs. In addition, the complex is also an essential component of general transcription factor TFIIH which controls transcription via activating RNA polymerase II by serines 5 and 7 phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of its largest subunit. However, the role of CDK7 in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer has not been identified. Our study showed that CDK7 was significantly upregulated and positively correlated with tumor grade, infiltration depth, lymph node, Ki-67, and predicted poor prognosis in 173 gastric cancer specimens by immunohistochemistrical analyses. Furthermore, in vitro results indicated that CDK7 promoted proliferation of gastric cancer cells by CCK8, clone formation analyses and flow cytometric analyses, while CDK7 knockdown led to decreased cell proliferation. Our study will provide a theoretical basis for the study of CDK7 in gastric cancer.
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995
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Hegedus DD, Gerbrandt K, Coutu C. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily of the necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:634-647. [PMID: 26395470 PMCID: PMC6638376 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases have been implicated in the regulation of many processes that guide pathogen development throughout the course of infection. A survey of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum genome for genes encoding proteins containing the highly conserved eukaryotic protein kinase (ePK) domain, the largest protein kinase superfamily, revealed 92 S. sclerotiorum ePKs. This review examines the composition of the S. sclerotiorum ePKs based on conserved motifs within the ePK domain family, and relates this to orthologues found in other filamentous fungi and yeasts. The ePKs are also discussed in terms of their proposed role(s) in aspects of host pathogenesis, including the coordination of mycelial growth/development and deployment of pathogenicity determinants in response to environmental stimuli, nutrients and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X2
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A9
| | - Kelsey Gerbrandt
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X2
| | - Cathy Coutu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X2
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996
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Roskoski R. Cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitors including palbociclib as anticancer drugs. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:249-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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997
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Xue L, Zhu Z, Wang Z, Li H, Zhang P, Wang Z, Chen Q, Chen H, Chong T. Knockdown of prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1) suppresses prostate cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:133-9. [PMID: 27150108 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a serious problem for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC). The underlying molecular mechanisms by which androgen-independent PC cells acquire the capacity to proliferate remain largely unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological role of prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1) in prostate cancer. Data from the Oncomine database showed that PTGR1 is commonly upregulated in PC tissue in comparison to corresponding normal controls. Two PTGR1-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences were used to block the expression of PTGR1 via a lentivirus-mediated system in the androgen-independent PC cell lines DU145 and PC 3. Functional analysis revealed that knockdown of PTGR1 significantly inhibited proliferation and colony formation by PC cells. The inhibition of cell proliferation was related to arrest of the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and increased apoptosis in response to PTGR1 knockdown as indicated by flow cytometry. PTGR1 silencing was found to mechanically enhance the expression of p21, caspase 3, and cleaved PARP and to decrease the level of cyclin D1. In conclusion, PTGR1 plays an essential role in PC cells and may be a potential therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University
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998
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Abstract
Because the genome stores all genetic information required for growth and development, it is of pivotal importance to maintain DNA integrity, especially during cell division, when the genome is prone to replication errors and damage. Although over the last two decades it has become evident that the basic cell cycle toolbox of plants shares several similarities with those of fungi and mammals, plants appear to have evolved a set of distinct checkpoint regulators in response to different types of DNA stress. This might be a consequence of plants' sessile lifestyle, which exposes them to a set of unique DNA damage-inducing conditions. In this review, we highlight the types of DNA stress that plants typically experience and describe the plant-specific molecular mechanisms that control cell division in response to these stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhubing Hu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Toon Cools
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
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999
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Opposing post-translational modifications regulate Cep76 function to suppress centriole amplification. Oncogene 2016; 35:5377-5387. [PMID: 27065328 PMCID: PMC5125818 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Centrioles are critical for many cellular processes including cell division and cilia assembly. The number of centrioles within a cell is under strict control, and deregulation of centriole copy number is a hallmark of cancer. The molecular mechanisms that halt centriole amplification have not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that centrosomal protein of 76 kDa (Cep76), previously shown to restrain centriole amplification, interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and is a bona fide substrate of this kinase. Cep76 is preferentially phosphorylated by cyclin A/CDK2 at a single site S83, and this event is crucial to suppress centriole amplification in S phase. A novel Cep76 mutation S83C identified in a cancer patient fails to prevent centriole amplification. Mechanistically, Cep76 phosphorylation inhibits activation of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), thereby blocking premature centriole disengagement and subsequent amplification. Cep76 can also be acetylated, and enforced acetylation at K279 dampens the protein’s ability to inhibit amplification and precludes S83 phosphorylation. Acetylation of Cep76 normally occurs in G2 phase and correlates with loss of protein function. Our data suggest that temporal changes in posttranslational modifications of Cep76 during the cell cycle regulate its capacity to suppress centriole amplification, and its deregulation may contribute to malignancy.
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1000
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Non-canonical functions of cell cycle cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:280-92. [PMID: 27033256 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The roles of cyclins and their catalytic partners, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), as core components of the machinery that drives cell cycle progression are well established. Increasing evidence indicates that mammalian cyclins and CDKs also carry out important functions in other cellular processes, such as transcription, DNA damage repair, control of cell death, differentiation, the immune response and metabolism. Some of these non-canonical functions are performed by cyclins or CDKs, independently of their respective cell cycle partners, suggesting that there was a substantial divergence in the functions of these proteins during evolution.
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