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Wang V, Tseng KY, Kuo TT, Huang EYK, Lan KL, Chen ZR, Ma KH, Greig NH, Jung J, Choi HI, Olson L, Hoffer BJ, Chen YH. Attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological disruption with PT320 delays dopamine degeneration in MitoPark mice. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:38. [PMID: 38627765 PMCID: PMC11022395 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are essential organelles involved in cellular energy production. Changes in mitochondrial function can lead to dysfunction and cell death in aging and age-related disorders. Recent research suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist has gained interest as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of GLP-1R-related agonists are not yet fully understood. METHODS In this study, we explores the effects of early treatment with PT320, a sustained release formulation of the GLP-1R agonist Exenatide, on mitochondrial functions and morphology in a progressive PD mouse model, the MitoPark (MP) mouse. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that administration of a clinically translatable dose of PT320 ameliorates the reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase expression, lowers reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome c release during nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation in MP mice. PT320 treatment significantly preserved mitochondrial function and morphology but did not influence the reduction in mitochondria numbers during PD progression in MP mice. Genetic analysis indicated that the cytoprotective effect of PT320 is attributed to a reduction in the expression of mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) and an increase in the expression of optic atrophy type 1 (Opa1), which is known to play a role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and decreasing cytochrome c release through remodeling of the cristae. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the early administration of PT320 shows potential as a neuroprotective treatment for PD, as it can preserve mitochondrial function. Through enhancing mitochondrial health by regulating Opa1 and Fis1, PT320 presents a new neuroprotective therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Wang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yin Tseng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lun Lan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Rong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jin Jung
- Peptron, Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Ii Choi
- Peptron, Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
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Yu SJ, Wang Y, Shen H, Bae EK, Li Y, Sambamurti K, Tones MA, Zaleska MM, Hoffer BJ, Greig NH. DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and PF-00734,200 mitigate dopaminergic neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and behavioral impairment in the rat 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01116-0. [PMID: 38563864 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies report an elevated risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that is mitigated in those prescribed dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. With an objective to characterize clinically translatable doses of DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins) in a well-characterized PD rodent model, sitagliptin, PF-00734,200 or vehicle were orally administered to rats initiated either 7-days before or 7-days after unilateral medial forebrain bundle 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioning. Measures of dopaminergic cell viability, dopamine content, neuroinflammation and neurogenesis were evaluated thereafter in ipsi- and contralateral brain. Plasma and brain incretin and DPP-4 activity levels were quantified. Furthermore, brain incretin receptor levels were age-dependently evaluated in rodents, in 6-OHDA challenged animals and human subjects with/without PD. Cellular studies evaluated neurotrophic/neuroprotective actions of combined incretin administration. Pre-treatment with oral sitagliptin or PF-00734,200 reduced methamphetamine (meth)-induced rotation post-lesioning and dopaminergic degeneration in lesioned substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and striatum. Direct intracerebroventricular gliptin administration lacked neuroprotective actions, indicating that systemic incretin-mediated mechanisms underpin gliptin-induced favorable brain effects. Post-treatment with a threefold higher oral gliptin dose, likewise, mitigated meth-induced rotation, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, and augmented neurogenesis. These gliptin-induced actions associated with 70-80% plasma and 20-30% brain DPP-4 inhibition, and elevated plasma and brain incretin levels. Brain incretin receptor protein levels were age-dependently maintained in rodents, preserved in rats challenged with 6-OHDA, and in humans with PD. Combined GLP-1 and GIP receptor activation in neuronal cultures resulted in neurotrophic/neuroprotective actions superior to single agonists alone. In conclusion, these studies support further evaluation of the repurposing of clinically approved gliptins as a treatment strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jin Yu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.
- National Institute On Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Hui Shen
- National Institute On Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yazhou Li
- National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neurosciences, the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | | | | | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Li Y, Vaughan KL, Wang Y, Yu SJ, Bae EK, Tamargo IA, Kopp KO, Tweedie D, Chiang CC, Schmidt KT, Lahiri DK, Tones MA, Zaleska MM, Hoffer BJ, Mattison JA, Greig NH. Sitagliptin elevates plasma and CSF incretin levels following oral administration to nonhuman primates: relevance for neurodegenerative disorders. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01120-4. [PMID: 38532069 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endogenous incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) possess neurotrophic, neuroprotective, and anti-neuroinflammatory actions. The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin reduces degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP, and, thereby, extends the circulation of these protective peptides. The current nonhuman primate (NHP) study evaluates whether human translational sitagliptin doses can elevate systemic and central nervous system (CNS) levels of GLP-1/GIP in naive, non-lesioned NHPs, in line with our prior rodent studies that demonstrated sitagliptin efficacy in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder whose current treatment is inadequate. Repositioning of the well-tolerated and efficacious diabetes drug sitagliptin provides a rapid approach to add to the therapeutic armamentarium for PD. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 3 oral sitagliptin doses (5, 20, and 100 mg/kg), equivalent to the routine clinical dose, a tolerated higher clinical dose and a maximal dose in monkey, were evaluated. Peak plasma sitagliptin levels were aligned both with prior reports in humans administered equivalent doses and with those in rodents demonstrating reduction of PD associated neurodegeneration. Although CNS uptake of sitagliptin was low (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma ratio 0.01), both plasma and CSF concentrations of GLP-1/GIP were elevated in line with efficacy in prior rodent PD studies. Additional cellular studies evaluating human SH-SY5Y and primary rat ventral mesencephalic cultures challenged with 6-hydroxydopamine, established cellular models of PD, demonstrated that joint treatment with GLP-1 + GIP mitigated cell death, particularly when combined with DPP-4 inhibition to maintain incretin levels. In conclusion, this study provides a supportive translational step towards the clinical evaluation of sitagliptin in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders for which aging, similarly, is the greatest risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Li
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kelli L Vaughan
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, 35053
| | - Seong-Jin Yu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, 35053
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, 35053
| | - Ian A Tamargo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Katherine O Kopp
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Cheng-Chuan Chiang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Keith T Schmidt
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | | | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Khandia R, Gurjar P, Kamal MA, Greig NH. Relative synonymous codon usage and codon pair analysis of depression associated genes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3502. [PMID: 38346990 PMCID: PMC10861588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression negatively impacts mood, behavior, and mental and physical health. It is the third leading cause of suicides worldwide and leads to decreased quality of life. We examined 18 genes available at the genetic testing registry (GTR) from the National Center for Biotechnological Information to investigate molecular patterns present in depression-associated genes. Different genotypes and differential expression of the genes are responsible for ensuing depression. The present study, investigated codon pattern analysis, which might play imperative roles in modulating gene expression of depression-associated genes. Of the 18 genes, seven and two genes tended to up- and down-regulate, respectively, and, for the remaining genes, different genotypes, an outcome of SNPs were responsible alone or in combination with differential expression for different conditions associated with depression. Codon context analysis revealed the abundance of identical GTG-GTG and CTG-CTG pairs, and the rarity of methionine-initiated codon pairs. Information based on codon usage, preferred codons, rare, and codon context might be used in constructing a deliverable synthetic construct to correct the gene expression level of the human body, which is altered in the depressive state. Other molecular signatures also revealed the role of evolutionary forces in shaping codon usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, 462026, MP, India.
| | - Pankaj Gurjar
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Institutes for Systems Genetics and West China School of Nursing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Huang YN, Greig NH, Huang PS, Chiang YH, Hoffer A, Yang CH, Tweedie D, Chen Y, Ou JC, Wang JY. Pomalidomide Improves Motor Behavioral Deficits and Protects Cerebral Cortex and Striatum Against Neurodegeneration Through a Reduction of Oxidative/Nitrosative Damages and Neuroinflammation After Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241237049. [PMID: 38483119 PMCID: PMC10943757 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241237049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal damage resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes disruption of neuronal projections and neurotransmission that contribute to behavioral deficits. Cellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is an early event following TBI. ROS often damage DNA, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates while RNS attack proteins. The products of lipid peroxidation 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and protein nitration 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) are often used as indicators of oxidative and nitrosative damages, respectively. Increasing evidence has shown that striatum is vulnerable to damage from TBI with a disturbed dopamine neurotransmission. TBI results in neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and autophagy in the striatum and contribute to motor or behavioral deficits. Pomalidomide (Pom) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved immunomodulatory drug clinically used in treating multiple myeloma. We previously showed that Pom reduces neuroinflammation and neuronal death induced by TBI in rat cerebral cortex. Here, we further compared the effects of Pom in cortex and striatum focusing on neurodegeneration, oxidative and nitrosative damages, as well as neuroinflammation following TBI. Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to a controlled cortical impact were used as the animal model of TBI. Systemic administration of Pom (0.5 mg/kg, intravenous [i.v.]) at 5 h post-injury alleviated motor behavioral deficits, contusion volume at 24 h after TBI. Pom alleviated TBI-induced neurodegeneration stained by Fluoro-Jade C in both cortex and striatum. Notably, Pom treatment reduces oxidative and nitrosative damages in cortex and striatum and is more efficacious in striatum (93% reduction in 4-HNE-positive and 84% reduction in 3-NT-positive neurons) than in cerebral cortex (42% reduction in 4-HNE-positive and 55% reduction in 3-NT-positive neurons). In addition, Pom attenuated microgliosis, astrogliosis, and elevations of proinflammatory cytokines in cortical and striatal tissue. We conclude that Pom may contribute to improved motor behavioral outcomes after TBI through targeting oxidative/nitrosative damages and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ni Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Nursing, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan City
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pen-Sen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Alan Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Ju-Chi Ou
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
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Reale M, Borlongan C, Carta AR, Greig NH. Genetic and Molecular Regulations of Neuronal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16191. [PMID: 38003381 PMCID: PMC10671438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) focuses on 'Genetic and Molecular Regulations of Neuronal Activity' [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, Unit of Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology, University “G.d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cesar Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida College Medicine, MDC 78, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Anna R. Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
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Goel A, Moinuddin A, Tiwari R, Sethi Y, Suhail MK, Mohan A, Kaka N, Sarthi P, Dutt R, Ahmad SF, Attia SM, Emran TB, Chopra H, Greig NH. Effect of Smartphone Use on Sleep in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2891. [PMID: 37958035 PMCID: PMC10649238 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Smartphone use, particularly at night, has been shown to provoke various circadian sleep-wake rhythm disorders such as insomnia and excessive daytime tiredness. This relationship has been mainly scrutinized among patient groups with higher rates of smartphone usage, particularly adolescents and children. However, it remains obscure how smartphone usage impacts sleep parameters in adults, especially undergraduate college students. This study sought to (1) investigate the association between smartphone use (actual screen time) and four sleep parameters: Pittsburgh sleep quality score (PSQI), self-reported screen time, bedtime, and rise time; (2) compare the seven PSQI components between good and poor sleep quality subjects. In total, 264 undergraduate medical students (aged 17 to 25 years) were recruited from the Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India. All participants completed a sleep questionnaire, which was electronically shared via a WhatsApp invitation link. Hierarchical and multinomial regression analyses were performed in relation to (1) and (2). The average PSQI score was 5.03 ± 0.86, with approximately one in two respondents (48.3%) having a poor sleep index. Smartphone use significantly predicted respondents' PSQI score (β = 0.142, p = 0.040, R2 = 0.027), perceived screen time (β = 0.113, p = 0.043, R2 = 343), bedtime (β = 0.106, p = 0.042, R2 = 045), and rise time (β = 0.174, p = 0.015, R2 = 0.028). When comparing poor-quality sleep (PSQI ≥ 5) to good-quality sleep (PSQI < 5), with good-quality sleep as the reference, except sleep efficiency and sleep medications (p > 0.05), five PSQI components declined significantly: subjective sleep quality (β = -0.096, p < 0.001); sleep latency (β = -0.034, p < 0.001); sleep duration (β = -0.038, p < 0.001); sleep disturbances (β = 1.234, p < 0.001); and sleep dysfunction (β = -0.077, p < 0.001). Consequently, public health policymakers should take this evidence into account when developing guidelines around smartphone use-i.e., the when, where, and how much smartphone use-to promote improved sleep behaviour and reduce the rate of sleep-wake rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Goel
- Graphic Era Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun 248008, Uttarakhand, India; (A.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Arsalan Moinuddin
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL50 2RH, UK
| | - Rajesh Tiwari
- Gautam Buddha Chikitsa Mahavidyalaya, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India;
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India;
| | | | - Aditi Mohan
- Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Srinagar 246174, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Nirja Kaka
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India;
- GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar 382012, Gujarat, India
| | - Parth Sarthi
- Rajkiya Medical College, Jalaun 395001, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ravi Dutt
- Graphic Era Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun 248008, Uttarakhand, India; (A.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Sabry M. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
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Shakil S, Rizvi SMD, Greig NH. In depth molecular interaction analyses of the complex of a proposed CTXM-inhibitor bound to the bacterial enzyme. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8362-8372. [PMID: 36224195 PMCID: PMC10481260 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2133009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A 'Thumb Rule for Antibiotic Design' against bacteria can be given as, 'The minimum pace of drug design ought to match the swiftness with which bacteria display cutting-edge resistance mechanisms; thereby outwitting the antibiotics and, in turn, the researchers'. Occurrence of drug resistance attributable to CXTM-variants in bacterial pathogens is widespread. In line with our above proposed thumb rule, the present article employed concatenation of virtual screening, docking and simulation to identify a potent in silico validated anti-CTXM-14 ligand. Specifically, this research used the 'MCULE' drug discovery platform to screen a total of 5 million candidate inhibitors to evaluate their binding efficacy with an antibiotic resistance enzyme, CTXM-14 found in bacterial pathogens. A new median approach between 'structure' and 'ligand'-based protocols was employed. Pharmacokinetic profiling was achieved by 'SWISS ADME'. Safety profile for humans was appraised by 'Toxicity Checker'. The complex consisting of the 'Top ligand' (obtained from the screen) harbored within the active pocket of the bacterial CTXM-14 was subjected to 60 ns molecular dynamics simulation with the aid of licensed YASARA STRUCTURE v.21.8.27. Complex tasks were performed by YANACONDA. Fine resolution figures (notably, plots generated from trajectory analyses) were constructed. Simulation snaps were acquired at every 250 picoseconds of the run. The ligand having the IUPAC name as 1-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-2,4-dicarbonitrile demonstrated the overall best binding with CTXM-14. Fifteen amino acid residues were found to line the interacting pocket. Remarkably, all of these interacting residues were found to be present among the interacting residues displayed by the reference complex as well, i.e. CTXM-14:Vaborbactam complex (PDB ID 6V7H). A total of 240 simulation snaps were retrieved. The RMSD plot revealed that a plateau was achieved at 32 ns, after which the backbone RMSD fluctuations remained confined within 1.4-2 Å. Video recording of molecular actions was also achieved. In conclusion, this study provides a fresh lead molecule, 1-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-2,4-dicarbonitrile against bacterial CTXM-14 protein. The study utilized a new median approach between 'structure' and 'ligand'-based drug design. The lead molecule passed ADMET conditions and an array of medicinal chemistry filters, and is further supported by a stable molecular dynamics. An acceptable skin permeation supports its probable use in antibiotic creams. Moreover, the study provides a clear 'Thumb Rule for Antibiotic Design' against bacteria, which although often assumed, can be clearly stated for the first time. Synthesis of the screening-proposed molecule followed by in-vitro and in-vivo validation is highly recommended.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed M Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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Glotfelty EJ, Hsueh SC, Claybourne Q, Bedolla A, Kopp KO, Wallace T, Zheng B, Luo Y, Karlsson TE, McDevitt RA, Olson L, Greig NH. Microglial Nogo delays recovery following traumatic brain injury in mice. Glia 2023; 71:2473-2494. [PMID: 37401784 PMCID: PMC10528455 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Nogo-A, B, and C are well described members of the reticulon family of proteins, most well known for their negative regulatory effects on central nervous system (CNS) neurite outgrowth and repair following injury. Recent research indicates a relationship between Nogo-proteins and inflammation. Microglia, the brain's immune cells and inflammation-competent compartment, express Nogo protein, although specific roles of the Nogo in these cells is understudied. To examine inflammation-related effects of Nogo, we generated a microglial-specific inducible Nogo KO (MinoKO) mouse and challenged the mouse with a controlled cortical impact (CCI) traumatic brain injury (TBI). Histological analysis shows no difference in brain lesion sizes between MinoKO-CCI and Control-CCI mice, although MinoKO-CCI mice do not exhibit the levels of ipsilateral lateral ventricle enlargement as injury matched controls. Microglial Nogo-KO results in decreased lateral ventricle enlargement, microglial and astrocyte immunoreactivity, and increased microglial morphological complexity compared to injury matched controls, suggesting decreased tissue inflammation. Behaviorally, healthy MinoKO mice do not differ from control mice, but automated tracking of movement around the home cage and stereotypic behavior, such as grooming and eating (termed cage "activation"), following CCI is significantly elevated. Asymmetrical motor function, a deficit typical of unilaterally brain lesioned rodents, was not detected in CCI injured MinoKO mice, while the phenomenon was present in CCI injured controls 1-week post-injury. Overall, our studies show microglial Nogo as a negative regulator of recovery following brain injury. To date, this is the first evaluation of the roles microglial specific Nogo in a rodent injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J. Glotfelty
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Quia Claybourne
- Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Alicia Bedolla
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katherine O. Kopp
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tonya Wallace
- Flow Cytometry Unit, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Binhai Zheng
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Ross A. McDevitt
- Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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10
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Sultana Q, Kar J, Verma A, Sanghvi S, Kaka N, Patel N, Sethi Y, Chopra H, Kamal MA, Greig NH. A Comprehensive Review on Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Presentation, Pathophysiology and Management. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5138. [PMID: 37568540 PMCID: PMC10420169 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation that can arise from any organ. They account for 2% of all malignancies in the United States. A significant proportion of NEN patients experience endocrine imbalances consequent to increased amine or peptide hormone secretion, impacting their quality of life and prognosis. Over the last decade, pathologic categorization, diagnostic techniques and therapeutic choices for NENs-both well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs)-have appreciably evolved. Diagnosis of NEN mostly follows a suspicion from clinical features or incidental imaging findings. Hormonal or non-hormonal biomarkers (like serum serotonin, urine 5-HIAA, gastrin and VIP) and histology of a suspected NEN is, therefore, critical for both confirmation of the diagnosis and classification as an NET or NEC. Therapy for NENs has progressed recently based on a better molecular understanding, including the involvement of mTOR, VEGF and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), which add to the growing evidence supporting the possibility of treatment beyond complete resection. As the incidence of NENs is on the rise in the United States and several other countries, physicians are more likely to see these cases, and their better understanding may support earlier diagnosis and tailoring treatment to the patient. We have compiled clinically significant evidence for NENs, including relevant changes to clinical practice that have greatly updated our diagnostic and therapeutic approach for NEN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Sultana
- Department of Medicine, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500058, India;
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, India; (J.K.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (N.P.)
| | - Jill Kar
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, India; (J.K.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (N.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Amogh Verma
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, India; (J.K.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (N.P.)
- Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Hapur 245304, India
| | - Shreya Sanghvi
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, India; (J.K.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (N.P.)
- Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai 400022, India
| | - Nirja Kaka
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, India; (J.K.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (N.P.)
- Department of Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar 390021, India
| | - Neil Patel
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, India; (J.K.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (N.P.)
- Department of Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar 390021, India
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, India; (J.K.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (N.K.); (N.P.)
- Government Doon Medical College, HNB Uttarakhand Medical Education University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India;
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China;
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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11
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Glotfelty EJ, Tovar-Y-Romo LB, Hsueh SC, Tweedie D, Li Y, Harvey BK, Hoffer BJ, Karlsson TE, Olson L, Greig NH. The RhoA-ROCK1/ROCK2 Pathway Exacerbates Inflammatory Signaling in Immortalized and Primary Microglia. Cells 2023; 12:1367. [PMID: 37408199 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a unifying factor among all acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we used immortalized microglial (IMG) cells and primary microglia (PMg) to understand the roles of the GTPase Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and its downstream targets Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and ROCK2) in neuroinflammation. We used a pan-kinase inhibitor (Y27632) and a ROCK1- and ROCK2-specific inhibitor (RKI1447) to mitigate a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. In both the IMG cells and PMg, each drug significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory protein production detected in media (TNF-α, IL-6, KC/GRO, and IL-12p70). In the IMG cells, this resulted from the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation and the blocking of neuroinflammatory gene transcription (iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6). Additionally, we demonstrated the ability of both compounds to block the dephosphorylation and activation of cofilin. In the IMG cells, RhoA activation with Nogo-P4 or narciclasine (Narc) exacerbated the inflammatory response to the LPS challenge. We utilized a siRNA approach to differentiate ROCK1 and ROCK2 activity during the LPS challenges and showed that the blockade of both proteins may mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of Y27632 and RKI1447. Using previously published data, we show that genes in the RhoA/ROCK signaling cascade are highly upregulated in the neurodegenerative microglia (MGnD) from APP/PS-1 transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. In addition to illuminating the specific roles of RhoA/ROCK signaling in neuroinflammation, we demonstrate the utility of using IMG cells as a model for primary microglia in cellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Glotfelty
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis B Tovar-Y-Romo
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Department, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tobias E Karlsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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12
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Mitchell JL, Lyons HS, Walker JK, Yiangou A, Grech O, Alimajstorovic Z, Greig NH, Li Y, Tsermoulas G, Brock K, Mollan SP, Sinclair AJ. The effect of GLP-1RA exenatide on idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a randomized clinical trial. Brain 2023; 146:1821-1830. [PMID: 36907221 PMCID: PMC10151178 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutics to reduce intracranial pressure are an unmet need. Preclinical data have demonstrated a novel strategy to lower intracranial pressure using glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor signalling. Here, we translate these findings into patients by conducting a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to assess the effect of exenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on intracranial pressure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Telemetric intracranial pressure catheters enabled long-term intracranial pressure monitoring. The trial enrolled adult women with active idiopathic intracranial hypertension (intracranial pressure >25 cmCSF and papilloedema) who receive subcutaneous exenatide or placebo. The three primary outcome measures were intracranial pressure at 2.5 h, 24 h and 12 weeks and alpha set a priori at less than 0.1. Among the 16 women recruited, 15 completed the study (mean age 28 ± 9, body mass index 38.1 ± 6.2 kg/m2, intracranial pressure 30.6 ± 5.1 cmCSF). Exenatide significantly and meaningfully lowered intracranial pressure at 2.5 h -5.7 ± 2.9 cmCSF (P = 0.048); 24 h -6.4 ± 2.9 cmCSF (P = 0.030); and 12 weeks -5.6 ± 3.0 cmCSF (P = 0.058). No serious safety signals were noted. These data provide confidence to proceed to a phase 3 trial in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and highlight the potential to utilize GLP-1 receptor agonist in other conditions characterized by raised intracranial pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Mitchell
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall, LE12 5QD, UK
| | - Hannah S Lyons
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Jessica K Walker
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andreas Yiangou
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Olivia Grech
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zerin Alimajstorovic
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Georgios Tsermoulas
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Kristian Brock
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Susan P Mollan
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Alexandra J Sinclair
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
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13
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Kopp KO, Greer ME, Glotfelty EJ, Hsueh SC, Tweedie D, Kim DS, Reale M, Vargesson N, Greig NH. A New Generation of IMiDs as Treatments for Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050747. [PMID: 37238617 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD) class, which includes the founding drug member thalidomide and later generation drugs, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, has dramatically improved the clinical treatment of specific cancers, such as multiple myeloma, and it combines potent anticancer and anti-inflammatory actions. These actions, in large part, are mediated by IMiD binding to the human protein cereblon that forms a critical component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. This complex ubiquitinates and thereby regulates the levels of multiple endogenous proteins. However, IMiD-cereblon binding modifies cereblon's normal targeted protein degradation towards a new set of neosubstrates that underlies the favorable pharmacological action of classical IMiDs, but also their adverse actions-in particular, their teratogenicity. The ability of classical IMiDs to reduce the synthesis of key proinflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-α levels, makes them potentially valuable to reposition as drugs to mitigate inflammatory-associated conditions and, particularly, neurological disorders driven by an excessive neuroinflammatory element, as occurs in traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and ischemic stroke. The teratogenic and anticancer actions of classical IMiDs are substantial liabilities for effective drugs in these disorders and can theoretically be dialed out of the drug class. We review a select series of novel IMiDs designed to avoid binding with human cereblon and/or evade degradation of downstream neosubstrates considered to underpin the adverse actions of thalidomide-like drugs. These novel non-classical IMiDs hold potential as new medications for erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), a painful inflammatory skin condition associated with Hansen's disease for which thalidomide remains widely used, and, in particular, as a new treatment strategy for neurodegenerative disorders in which neuroinflammation is a key component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine O Kopp
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd., NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Margaret E Greer
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd., NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Elliot J Glotfelty
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd., NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd., NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd., NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Aevisbio Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd., NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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14
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Lecca D, Hsueh SC, Luo W, Tweedie D, Kim DS, Baig AM, Vargesson N, Kim YK, Hwang I, Kim S, Hoffer BJ, Chiang YH, Greig NH. Novel, thalidomide-like, non-cereblon binding drug tetrafluorobornylphthalimide mitigates inflammation and brain injury. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:16. [PMID: 36872339 PMCID: PMC9987061 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quelling microglial-induced excessive neuroinflammation is a potential treatment strategy across neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), and can be achieved by thalidomide-like drugs albeit this approved drug class is compromised by potential teratogenicity. Tetrafluorobornylphthalimide (TFBP) and tetrafluoronorbornylphthalimide (TFNBP) were generated to retain the core phthalimide structure of thalidomide immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD) class. However, the classical glutarimide ring was replaced by a bridged ring structure. TFBP/TFNBP were hence designed to retain beneficial anti-inflammatory properties of IMiDs but, importantly, hinder cereblon binding that underlies the adverse action of thalidomide-like drugs. METHODS TFBP/TFNBP were synthesized and evaluated for cereblon binding and anti-inflammatory actions in human and rodent cell cultures. Teratogenic potential was assessed in chicken embryos, and in vivo anti-inflammatory actions in rodents challenged with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or controlled cortical impact (CCI) moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Molecular modeling was performed to provide insight into drug/cereblon binding interactions. RESULTS TFBP/TFNBP reduced markers of inflammation in mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cell cultures and in rodents challenged with LPS, lowering proinflammatory cytokines. Binding studies demonstrated minimal interaction with cereblon, with no resulting degradation of teratogenicity-associated transcription factor SALL4 or of teratogenicity in chicken embryo assays. To evaluate the biological relevance of its anti-inflammatory actions, two doses of TFBP were administered to mice at 1 and 24 h post-injury following CCI TBI. Compared to vehicle treatment, TFBP reduced TBI lesion size together with TBI-induction of an activated microglial phenotype, as evaluated by immunohistochemistry 2-weeks post-injury. Behavioral evaluations at 1- and 2-weeks post-injury demonstrated TFBP provided more rapid recovery of TBI-induced motor coordination and balance impairments, versus vehicle treated mice. CONCLUSION TFBP and TFNBP represent a new class of thalidomide-like IMiDs that lower proinflammatory cytokine generation but lack binding to cereblon, the main teratogenicity-associated mechanism. This aspect makes TFBP and TFNBP potentially safer than classic IMiDs for clinical use. TFBP provides a strategy to mitigate excessive neuroinflammation associated with moderate severity TBI to, thereby, improve behavioral outcome measures and warrants further investigation in neurological disorders involving a neuroinflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lecca
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Weiming Luo
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Aevisbio Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.,Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Mannan Baig
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Yu Kyung Kim
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Hwang
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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15
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Shakil S, Danish Rizvi SM, Greig NH. Molecular interaction of a putative inhibitor with bacterial SHV, an enzyme associated with antibiotic resistance. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:221458. [PMID: 36778948 PMCID: PMC9905977 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tackling the ever-looming threat of antibiotic resistance remains a challenge for clinicians and microbiologists across the globe. Sulfhydryl variable (SHV) is a known bacterial enzyme associated with antibiotic resistance. The SHV enzyme has many variants. The present article describes identification and molecular interaction of a putative inhibitor with the bacterial SHV enzyme as a step towards novel antibacterial drug discovery. The MCULE-platform was used for screening a collection of 5 000 000 ligand molecules to evaluate their binding potential to the bacterial SHV-1 enzyme. Estimation of pharmacokinetic features was realized with the aid of the 'SWISS ADME' tool. Toxicity-checks were also performed. The docked complex of 'the top screened out ligand' and 'the bacterial SHV-1 protein' was subjected to molecular dynamics simulation of 101 ns. The obtained ligand molecule, 1,1'-(4H,8H-Bis[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b:3',4'-e]pyrazine-4,8-diyl)diethanone, displayed the most favourable binding interactions with bacterial SHV-1. A total of 15 amino acid residues were found to hold the ligand in the binding site of SHV-1. Noticeably, 12 of the 15 residues were found as common to the binding residues of the reference (PDB ID: 4ZAM). The RMSD values plotted against the simulation time showed that nearby 11 ns, equilibrium was reached and, thenceforth, the 'SHV-1-Top ligand' complex remained typically stable. Starting from around 11 ns and straight to 101 ns, the backbone RMSD fluctuations were found to be confined inside a range of 1.0-1.6 Å. The ligand, 1,1'-(4H,8H-Bis[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b:3',4'-e]pyrazine-4,8-diyl)diethanone, satisfied ADMET criteria. Furthermore, the practicability of the described 'SHV-1-Top ligand' complex was reinforced by a comprehensive molecular dynamics simulation of 101 ns. This ligand hence can be considered a promising lead for antibiotic design against SHV-1 producing resistant bacteria, and thus warrants wet laboratory evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed M. Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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16
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Unnisa A, Greig NH, Kamal MA. Inhibition of Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 Mediated Apoptosis: A Multimodal Therapeutic Target in Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1001-1012. [PMID: 35339178 PMCID: PMC10227914 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220327222921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the significant causes of death and morbidity, and it is hence a focus of translational research. Apoptosis plays an essential part in the pathophysiology of TBI, and its inhibition may help overcome TBI's negative consequences and improve functional recovery. Although physiological neuronal death is necessary for appropriate embryologic development and adult cell turnover, it can also drive neurodegeneration. Caspases are principal mediators of cell death due to apoptosis and are critical for the required cleavage of intracellular proteins of cells committed to die. Caspase-3 is the major executioner Caspase of apoptosis and is regulated by a range of cellular components during physiological and pathological conditions. Activation of Caspase-3 causes proteolyzation of DNA repair proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, and the inhibitor of Caspase-activated DNase (ICAD) during programmed cell death, resulting in morphological alterations and DNA damage that define apoptosis. Caspase-9 is an additional crucial part of the intrinsic pathway, activated in response to several stimuli. Caspases can be altered post-translationally or by modulatory elements interacting with the zymogenic or active form of a Caspase, preventing their activation. The necessity of Caspase-9 and -3 in diverse apoptotic situations suggests that mammalian cells have at least four distinct apoptotic pathways. Continued investigation of these processes is anticipated to disclose new Caspase regulatory mechanisms with consequences far beyond apoptotic cell death control. The present review discusses various Caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways and the treatment strategies to inhibit the Caspases potentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Unnisa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA;
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, NSW, Australia
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17
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Bhattacharya T, Shen B, Greig NH, Kamal MA. Current Intellectual Glance Over Nanoparticles in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Research. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:251-254. [PMID: 36883251 DOI: 10.2174/092986733003221121163821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore USA
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, P.R. China.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
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18
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Unnisa A, Greig NH, Kamal MA. Modelling the Interplay Between Neuron-Glia Cell Dysfunction and Glial Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:547-559. [PMID: 36545725 PMCID: PMC10207919 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221221142743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated, interpersonally defined, static condition of the underdeveloped brain. Although the aetiology of autism remains unclear, disturbance of neuronglia interactions has lately been proposed as a significant event in the pathophysiology of ASD. In recent years, the contribution of glial cells to autism has been overlooked. In addition to neurons, glial cells play an essential role in mental activities, and a new strategy that emphasises neuron-glia interactions should be applied. Disturbance of neuron-glia connections has lately been proposed as a significant event in the pathophysiology of ASD because aberrant neuronal network formation and dysfunctional neurotransmission are fundamental to the pathology of the condition. In ASD, neuron and glial cell number changes cause brain circuits to malfunction and impact behaviour. A study revealed that reactive glial cells result in the loss of synaptic functioning and induce autism under inflammatory conditions. Recent discoveries also suggest that dysfunction or changes in the ability of microglia to carry out physiological and defensive functions (such as failure in synaptic elimination or aberrant microglial activation) may be crucial for developing brain diseases, especially autism. The cerebellum, white matter, and cortical regions of autistic patients showed significant microglial activation. Reactive glial cells result in the loss of synaptic functioning and induce autism under inflammatory conditions. Replacement of defective glial cells (Cell-replacement treatment), glial progenitor cell-based therapy, and medication therapy (inhibition of microglia activation) are all utilised to treat glial dysfunction. This review discusses the role of glial cells in ASD and the various potential approaches to treating glial cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Unnisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA;
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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19
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Unnisa A, Greig NH, Kamal MA. Nanotechnology: A Promising Targeted Drug Delivery System for Brain Tumours and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:255-270. [PMID: 35345990 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220328125206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the process of modulating shape and size at the nanoscale to design and manufacture structures, devices, and systems. Nanotechnology's prospective breakthroughs are incredible, and some cannot even be comprehended right now. The blood-brain barrier, which is a prominent physiological barrier in the brain, limits the adequate elimination of malignant cells by changing the concentration of therapeutic agents at the target tissue. Nanotechnology has sparked interest in recent years as a way to solve these issues and improve drug delivery. Inorganic and organic nanomaterials have been found to be beneficial for bioimaging approaches and controlled drug delivery systems. Brain cancer (BC) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two of the prominent disorders of the brain. Even though the pathophysiology and pathways for both disorders are different, nanotechnology with common features can deliver drugs over the BBB, advancing the treatment of both disorders. This innovative technology could provide a foundation for combining diagnostics, treatments, and delivery of targeted drugs to the tumour site, further supervising the response and designing and delivering materials by employing atomic and molecular elements. There is currently limited treatment for Alzheimer's disease, and reversing further progression is difficult. Recently, various nanocarriers have been investigated to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of many AD treatment drugs. Nanotechnology-assisted drugs can penetrate the BBB and reach the target tissue. However, further research is required in this field to ensure the safety and efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles. The application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours and Alzheimer's disease is briefly discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Unnisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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20
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Kopp KO, Glotfelty EJ, Li Y, Greig NH. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and neuroinflammation: Implications for neurodegenerative disease treatment. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106550. [PMID: 36372278 PMCID: PMC9712272 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic, excessive neuroinflammation is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, neuroinflammatory pathways have yet to be effectively targeted in clinical treatments for such diseases. Interestingly, increased inflammation and neurodegenerative disease risk have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR), suggesting that treatments that mitigate T2DM pathology may be successful in treating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative pathology as well. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that promotes healthy insulin signaling, regulates blood sugar levels, and suppresses appetite. Consequently, numerous GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) stimulating drugs have been developed and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and related global regulatory authorities for the treatment of T2DM. Furthermore, GLP-1R stimulating drugs have been associated with anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative disorder preclinical models, and hence hold promise for repurposing as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss incretin signaling, neuroinflammatory pathways, and the intersections between neuroinflammation, brain IR, and neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on AD and PD. We additionally overview current FDA-approved incretin receptor stimulating drugs and agents in development, including unimolecular single, dual, and triple receptor agonists, and highlight those in clinical trials for neurodegenerative disease treatment. We propose that repurposing already-approved GLP-1R agonists for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases may be a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective strategy for ameliorating AD and PD pathology by quelling neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine O Kopp
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Elliot J Glotfelty
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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21
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Lecca D, Yung YJ, Scerba MT, Tweedie D, Hsueh SC, Hoffer B, Kim DS, McDevitt RA, Greig NH. Targeting neuroinflammation reduces synaptic, neuronal and cognitive loss in 5xFAD Alzheimer mice. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.061558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoo Jin Yung
- Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Barry Hoffer
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | | | - Ross A McDevitt
- National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH) Baltimore MD USA
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22
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Scerba MT, Tweedie D, Lecca D, Siegler MA, Rais R, Greig NH. Thionated aminofluorophthalimides reduce classical markers of cellular inflammation in LPS-challenged RAW 264.7 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:128972. [PMID: 36265914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present the synthesis of several fluorinated pomalidomide derivatives and their thionated counterparts with subsequent biological evaluation against classical markers of cellular inflammation. Treatment in LPS-challenged cells effected varying reductions in levels of secreted TNF-α and nitrite relative to basal amounts. While arene fluorination and thioamidation had marginal and sporadic effects on TNF-α production, specific 7-position fluorination combined with subsequent increases in carbonyl thionation produced compounds 11, 14, and 15 which demonstrated corresponding and escalating anti-nitrite activities concurrent with minimal cellular toxicity. In this regard, compound 15 displayed roughly 96 % cell viability combined with a 65 % drop in nitrite production when supplied to RAW cells challenged with 60 ng/mL LPS. When a focused family of fluorinated isomers were directly compared, the analogous 5-fluorinated isomer 17 displayed comparable minimal toxicity but markedly less anti-nitrite activity versus 15 in RAW cells challenged with 70 ng/mL LPS. Compound 15 was subsequently screened in human liver microsomes for preliminary Phase 1 analysis where it demonstrated heightened stability relative to its non-fluorinated counterpart 3,6'-dithiopomalidomide 4, a result in line with the expected metabolic fortitude provided by fluorination at the sensitive pomalidomide 7-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Small Molecule X-ray Facility, Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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23
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Lecca D, Jung YJ, Scerba MT, Hwang I, Kim YK, Kim S, Modrow S, Tweedie D, Hsueh S, Liu D, Luo W, Glotfelty E, Li Y, Wang J, Luo Y, Hoffer BJ, Kim DS, McDevitt RA, Greig NH. Role of chronic neuroinflammation in neuroplasticity and cognitive function: A hypothesis. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2327-2340. [PMID: 35234334 PMCID: PMC9437140 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluating the efficacy of 3,6'-dithioPomalidomide in 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice to test the hypothesis that neuroinflammation is directly involved in the development of synaptic/neuronal loss and cognitive decline. BACKGROUND Amyloid-β (Aβ) or tau-focused clinical trials have proved unsuccessful in mitigating AD-associated cognitive impairment. Identification of new drug targets is needed. Neuroinflammation is a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders, and TNF-α a pivotal neuroinflammatory driver. NEW HYPOTHESIS AD-associated chronic neuroinflammation directly drives progressive synaptic/neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Pharmacologically mitigating microglial/astrocyte activation without altering Aβ generation will define the role of neuroinflammation in AD progression. MAJOR CHALLENGES Difficulty of TNF-α-lowering compounds reaching brain, and identification of a therapeutic-time window to preserve the beneficial role of neuroinflammatory processes. LINKAGE TO OTHER MAJOR THEORIES Microglia/astroglia are heavily implicated in maintenance of synaptic plasticity/function in healthy brain and are disrupted by Aβ. Mitigation of chronic gliosis can restore synaptic homeostasis/cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lecca
- Drug Design & Development SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchIntramural Research Program National Institute on AgingNIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Drug Design & Development SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchIntramural Research Program National Institute on AgingNIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental ProgramStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael T. Scerba
- Drug Design & Development SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchIntramural Research Program National Institute on AgingNIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | | | - Sun Kim
- Aevis Bio, Inc.DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sydney Modrow
- Comparative Medicine SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchIntramural Research Program National Institute on AgingNIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Shih‐Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design & Development SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchIntramural Research Program National Institute on AgingNIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Dong Liu
- Drug Design & Development SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchIntramural Research Program National Institute on AgingNIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Weiming Luo
- Drug Design & Development SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchIntramural Research Program National Institute on AgingNIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Elliot Glotfelty
- Drug Design & Development SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchIntramural Research Program National Institute on AgingNIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchIntramural Research Program National Institute on AgingNIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jia‐Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Department of NeurosurgeryTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Neuroscience Research CenterTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and BiochemistryCollege of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurological SurgeryCase Western Reserve University HospitalClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Aevis Bio, Inc.DaejeonRepublic of Korea,AevisBio, Inc.GaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Ross A. McDevitt
- Comparative Medicine SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchIntramural Research Program National Institute on AgingNIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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24
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Baig AM, Greig NH, Gerlach J, Salunke P, Fabrowski M, Viduto V, Ali T. Underlying Causes and Treatment Modalities for Neurological Deficits in COVID-19 and Long-COVID. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2934-2938. [PMID: 36190929 PMCID: PMC9578368 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
With reports of diverse neurological deficits in the acute phase of COVID-19, there is a surge in neurological findings in Long-COVID─a protracted phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Very little is known regarding the pathogenic mechanisms of Neuro-COVID in the above two settings in the current pandemic. Herein, we hint toward the possible molecular mechanism that can contribute to the signs and symptoms of patients with neurological deficits and possible treatment and prevention modalities in the acute and chronic phases of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mannan Baig
- Department
of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga
Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- National
Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | | | - Prakash Salunke
- German-Indian
Biotech Vedicinals-9 Talawade,
Pune 412114, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mark Fabrowski
- Department
of Emergency Medicine, Royal Sussex County
Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton BN2 5BE, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Viduto
- Long-COVID
Foundation Garforth, Leeds, West
Yorkshire LS25 1NB, United
Kingdom
| | - Tazeen Ali
- Department
of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga
Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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25
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Hsueh SC, Scerba MT, Tweedie D, Lecca D, Kim DS, Baig AM, Kim YK, Hwang I, Kim S, Selman WR, Hoffer BJ, Greig NH. Activity of a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Agent F-3,6'-dithiopomalidomide as a Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102449. [PMID: 36289711 PMCID: PMC9598880 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major risk factor for several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation is a cause of later secondary cell death following TBI, has the potential to aggravate the initial impact, and provides a therapeutic target, albeit that has failed to translate into clinical trial success. Thalidomide-like compounds have neuroinflammation reduction properties across cellular and animal models of TBI and neurodegenerative disorders. They lower the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly TNF-α which is pivotal in microglial cell activation. Unfortunately, thalidomide-like drugs possess adverse effects in humans before achieving anti-inflammatory drug levels. We developed F-3,6'-dithiopomalidomide (F-3,6'-DP) as a novel thalidomide-like compound to ameliorate inflammation. F-3,6'-DP binds to cereblon but does not efficiently trigger the degradation of the transcription factors (SALL4, Ikaros, and Aiolos) associated with the teratogenic and anti-proliferative responses of thalidomide-like drugs. We utilized a phenotypic drug discovery approach that employed cellular and animal models in the selection and development of F-3,6'-DP. F-3,6'-DP significantly mitigated LPS-induced inflammatory markers in RAW 264.7 cells, and lowered proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels in the plasma and brain of rats challenged with systemic LPS. We subsequently examined immunohistochemical, biochemical, and behavioral measures following controlled cortical impact (CCI) in mice, a model of moderate TBI known to induce inflammation. F-3,6'-DP decreased CCI-induced neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, and behavioral deficits when administered after TBI. F-3,6'-DP represents a novel class of thalidomide-like drugs that do not lower classical cereblon-associated transcription factors but retain anti-inflammatory actions and possess efficacy in the treatment of TBI and potentially longer-term neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael T. Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- AevisBio, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
- Aevis Bio, Inc., Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Abdul Mannan Baig
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Sun Kim
- Aevis Bio, Inc., Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Warren R. Selman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Correspondence:
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26
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Cristina Cardia M, Francesca Palmas M, Casula L, Pisanu A, Marceddu S, Valenti D, Sinico C, Pini E, Scerba MT, Tweedie D, Greig NH, Rosa Carta A, Lai F. Nanocrystals as an effective strategy to improve Pomalidomide bioavailability in rodent. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122079. [PMID: 35932932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Pomalidomide (POM) is an FDA-approved immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiDs) an it is effectively used in the treatment of multiple myeloma. IMiDs are analogs of the drug thalidomide and they have been repurposed for the treatment of several diseases such as psoriatic arthritis and Kaposi Sarcoma. In recent years, IMiDs have been also evaluated as a new treatment for neurological disorders with an inflammatory and neuroinflammatory component. POM draws particular interest for its potent anti-TNF-α activity at significantly lower concentrations than the parent compound thalidomide. However, POM's low water solubility underpins its low gastrointestinal permeability resulting in irregular and poor absorption. The purpose of this work was to prepare a POM nanocrystal-based formulation that could efficiently improve POM's plasma and brain concentration after intraperitoneal injection. POM nanocrystals prepared as a nanosuspension by the media milling method showed a mean diameter of 219 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.21. POM's nanocrystal solubility value (22.97 µg/mL) in phosphate buffer was about 1.58 folds higher than the POM raw powder. Finally, in vivo studies conducted in adult Male Sprague-Dawley rats indicated that POM nanocrystal ensured higher and longer-lasting drug levels in plasma and brain when compared with POM coarse suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Cardia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Luca Casula
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Augusta Pisanu
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Marceddu
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA-CNR), Baldinca (Sassari), Italy
| | - Donatella Valenti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Chiara Sinico
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Pini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Michael T Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna Rosa Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Lai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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27
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Khandia R, Saeed M, Alharbi AM, Ashraf GM, Greig NH, Kamal MA. Codon Usage Bias Correlates With Gene Length in Neurodegeneration Associated Genes. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:895607. [PMID: 35860292 PMCID: PMC9289476 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.895607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Codon usage analysis is a crucial part of molecular characterization and is used to determine the factors affecting the evolution of a gene. The length of a gene is an important parameter that affects the characteristics of the gene, such as codon usage, compositional parameters, and sometimes, its functions. In the present study, we investigated the association of various parameters related to codon usage with the length of genes. Gene expression is affected by nucleotide disproportion. In sixty genes related to neurodegenerative disorders, the G nucleotide was the most abundant and the T nucleotide was the least. The nucleotide T exhibited a significant association with the length of the gene at both the overall compositional level and the first and second codon positions. Codon usage bias (CUB) of these genes was affected by pyrimidine and keto skews. Gene length was found to be significantly correlated with codon bias in neurodegeneration associated genes. In gene segments with lengths below 1,200 bp and above 2,400 bp, CUB was positively associated with length. Relative synonymous CUB, which is another measure of CUB, showed that codons TTA, GTT, GTC, TCA, GGT, and GGA exhibited a positive association with length, whereas codons GTA, AGC, CGT, CGA, and GGG showed a negative association. GC-ending codons were preferred over AT-ending codons. Overall analysis indicated that the association between CUB and length varies depending on the segment size; however, CUB of 1,200–2,000 bp gene segments appeared not affected by gene length. In synopsis, analysis suggests that length of the genes correlates with various imperative molecular signatures including A/T nucleotide disproportion and codon choices. In the present study we additionally evaluated various molecular features and their correlation with different indices of codon usage, like the Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) and Relative Dynonymous Codon Usage (RSCU) of codons. We also considered the impact of gene fragment size on different molecular features in genes related to neurodegeneration. This analysis will aid our understanding of and in potentially modulating gene expression in cases of defective gene functioning in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
- *Correspondence: Rekha Khandia, ;
| | - Mohd. Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Pre-clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
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28
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Moca EN, Lecca D, Hope KT, Etienne F, Schaler AW, Espinoza K, Chappell MS, Gray DT, Tweedie D, Sidhu S, Masukawa L, Sitoy H, Mathew R, Saban DR, Greig NH, De Biase LM. Microglia Drive Pockets of Neuroinflammation in Middle Age. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3896-3918. [PMID: 35396327 PMCID: PMC9097782 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1922-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, microglia produce inflammatory factors, show reduced tissue surveillance, altered interactions with synapses, and prolonged responses to CNS insults, positioning these cells to have profound impact on the function of nearby neurons. We and others recently showed that microglial attributes differ significantly across brain regions in young adult mice. However, the degree to which microglial properties vary during aging is largely unexplored. Here, we analyze and manipulate microglial aging within the basal ganglia, brain circuits that exhibit prominent regional microglial heterogeneity and where neurons are vulnerable to functional decline and neurodegenerative disease. In male and female mice, we demonstrate that VTA and SNc microglia exhibit unique and premature responses to aging, compared with cortex and NAc microglia. This is associated with localized VTA/SNc neuroinflammation that may compromise synaptic function as early as middle age. Surprisingly, systemic inflammation, local neuron death, and astrocyte aging do not appear to underlie these early aging responses of VTA and SNc microglia. Instead, we found that microglial lysosome status was tightly linked to early aging of VTA microglia. Microglial ablation/repopulation normalized VTA microglial lysosome swelling and suppressed increases in VTA microglial density during aging. In contrast, CX3CR1 receptor KO exacerbated VTA microglial lysosome rearrangements and VTA microglial proliferation during aging. Our findings reveal a previously unappreciated regional variation in onset and magnitude of microglial proliferation and inflammatory factor production during aging and highlight critical links between microglial lysosome status and local microglial responses to aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Microglia are CNS cells that are equipped to regulate neuronal health and function throughout the lifespan. We reveal that microglia in select brain regions begin to proliferate and produce inflammatory factors in late middle age, months before microglia in other brain regions. These findings demonstrate that CNS neuroinflammation during aging is not uniform. Moreover, they raise the possibility that local microglial responses to aging play a critical role in determining which populations of neurons are most vulnerable to functional decline and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Moca
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Keenan T Hope
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Fanny Etienne
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Ari W Schaler
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Katherine Espinoza
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Megan S Chappell
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Daniel T Gray
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - David Tweedie
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Shanaya Sidhu
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Lindsay Masukawa
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Hannah Sitoy
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Rose Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Lindsay M De Biase
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
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29
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Tsai YR, Kim DS, Hsueh SC, Chen KY, Wu JCC, Wang JY, Tsou YS, Hwang I, Kim Y, Gil D, Jo EJ, Han BS, Tweedie D, Lecca D, Scerba MT, Selman WR, Hoffer BJ, Greig NH, Chiang YH. 3,6'- and 1,6'-Dithiopomalidomide Mitigate Ischemic Stroke in Rats and Blunt Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:950. [PMID: 35631536 PMCID: PMC9146426 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: An important concomitant of stroke is neuroinflammation. Pomalidomide, a clinically available immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD) used in cancer therapy, lowers TNF-α generation and thus has potent anti-inflammatory actions. Well-tolerated analogs may provide a stroke treatment and allow evaluation of the role of neuroinflammation in the ischemic brain. (2) Methods: Two novel pomalidomide derivatives, 3,6'-dithiopomalidomide (3,6'-DP) and 1,6'-dithiopomalidomide (1,6'-DP), were evaluated alongside pomalidomide in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) stroke model, and their anti-inflammatory actions were characterized. (3) Results: Post-MCAo administration of all drugs lowered pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL1-β levels, and reduced stroke-induced postural asymmetry and infarct size. Whereas 3,6'- and 1,6'-DP, like pomalidomide, potently bound to cereblon in cellular studies, 3,6'-DP did not lower Ikaros, Aiolos or SALL4 levels-critical intermediates mediating the anticancer/teratogenic actions of pomalidomide and IMiDs. 3,6'-DP and 1,6'-DP lacked activity in mammalian chromosome aberration, AMES and hERG channel assays -critical FDA regulatory tests. Finally, 3,6'- and 1,6'-DP mitigated inflammation across rat primary dopaminergic neuron and microglia mixed cultures challenged with α-synuclein and mouse LPS-challenged RAW 264.7 cells. (4) Conclusion: Neuroinflammation mediated via TNF-α plays a key role in stroke outcome, and 3,6'-DP and 1,6'-DP may prove valuable as stroke therapies and thus warrant further preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rou Tsai
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-R.T.); (K.-Y.C.); (J.C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.W.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Aevisbio Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA;
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon 34141, Korea; (I.H.); (Y.K.); (D.G.); (E.J.J.)
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (S.-C.H.); (D.T.); (D.L.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-R.T.); (K.-Y.C.); (J.C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.W.)
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - John Chung-Che Wu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-R.T.); (K.-Y.C.); (J.C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.W.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-R.T.); (K.-Y.C.); (J.C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.W.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Syue Tsou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Inho Hwang
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon 34141, Korea; (I.H.); (Y.K.); (D.G.); (E.J.J.)
| | - Yukyung Kim
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon 34141, Korea; (I.H.); (Y.K.); (D.G.); (E.J.J.)
| | - Dayeon Gil
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon 34141, Korea; (I.H.); (Y.K.); (D.G.); (E.J.J.)
| | - Eui Jung Jo
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon 34141, Korea; (I.H.); (Y.K.); (D.G.); (E.J.J.)
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Research Center for Biodefence, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea;
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (S.-C.H.); (D.T.); (D.L.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (S.-C.H.); (D.T.); (D.L.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Michael T. Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (S.-C.H.); (D.T.); (D.L.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Warren R. Selman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (W.R.S.); (B.J.H.)
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (W.R.S.); (B.J.H.)
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (S.-C.H.); (D.T.); (D.L.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-R.T.); (K.-Y.C.); (J.C.-C.W.); (J.-Y.W.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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30
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Heras-Romero Y, Morales-Guadarrama A, Santana-Martínez R, Ponce I, Rincón-Heredia R, Poot-Hernández AC, Martínez-Moreno A, Urrieta E, Bernal-Vicente BN, Campero-Romero AN, Moreno-Castilla P, Greig NH, Escobar ML, Concha L, Tovar-Y-Romo LB. Improved post-stroke spontaneous recovery by astrocytic extracellular vesicles. Mol Ther 2022; 30:798-815. [PMID: 34563674 PMCID: PMC8821969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous recovery after a stroke accounts for a significant part of the neurological recovery in patients. However limited, the spontaneous recovery is mechanistically driven by axonal restorative processes for which several molecular cues have been previously described. We report the acceleration of spontaneous recovery in a preclinical model of ischemia/reperfusion in rats via a single intracerebroventricular administration of extracellular vesicles released from primary cortical astrocytes. We used magnetic resonance imaging and confocal and multiphoton microscopy to correlate the structural remodeling of the corpus callosum and striatocortical circuits with neurological performance during 21 days. We also evaluated the functionality of the corpus callosum by repetitive recordings of compound action potentials to show that the recovery facilitated by astrocytic extracellular vesicles was both anatomical and functional. Our data provide compelling evidence that astrocytes can hasten the basal recovery that naturally occurs post-stroke through the release of cellular mediators contained in extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessica Heras-Romero
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Axayacatl Morales-Guadarrama
- Departmento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; National Center for Medical Imaging and Instrumentation Research, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Santana-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isaac Ponce
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Microscopy Core Unit, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Augusto César Poot-Hernández
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Martínez-Moreno
- Divisíon de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esteban Urrieta
- Divisíon de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice N Bernal-Vicente
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aura N Campero-Romero
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Perla Moreno-Castilla
- Laboratory of Neurocognitive Aging, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martha L Escobar
- Divisíon de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Concha
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis B Tovar-Y-Romo
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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31
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Batool S, Furqan T, Hasan Mahmood MS, Tweedie D, Kamal MA, Greig NH. In Silico and Ex Vivo Analyses of the Inhibitory Action of the Alzheimer Drug Posiphen and Primary Metabolites with Human Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase Enzymes. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:70-79. [PMID: 35178511 PMCID: PMC8845043 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative
disorder worldwide. Ongoing research to develop AD treatments has
characterized multiple drug targets including the cholinergic system,
amyloid-β peptide, phosphorylated tau, and neuroinflammation.
These systems have the potential to interact to either drive or slow
AD progression. Promising agents that simultaneously impact many of
these drug targets are the AD experimental drug Posiphen and its enantiomer
phenserine that, currently, are separately being evaluated in clinical
trials. To define the cholinergic component of these agents, the anticholinesterase
activities of a ligand dataset comprising Posiphen and primary metabolites
((+)-N1-norPosiphen, (+)-N8-norPosiphen, and (+)-N1,N8-bisnorPosiphen)
were characterized and compared to those of the enantiomer phenserine.
The “target” dataset involved the human cholinesterase
enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).
Binding interactions between the ligands and targets were analyzed
using Autodock 4.2. The computationally determined inhibitory action
of these ligands was then compared to ex vivo laboratory-measured
values versus human AChE and BChE. While Posiphen lacked AChE inhibitory
action, its major and minor metabolites (+)-N1-norPosiphen and (+)-N1,N8-bisnorPosiphen,
respectively, possessed modest AChE inhibitory activity, and Posiphen
and all metabolites lacked BChE action. Phenserine, as a positive
control, demonstrated AChE-selective inhibitory action. In light of
AChE inhibitory action deriving from a major and minor Posiphen metabolite,
current Posiphen clinical trials in AD and related disorders should
additionally evaluate AChE inhibition; particularly if Posiphen should
be combined with a known anticholinesterase, since this drug class
is clinically approved and the standard of care for AD subjects, and
excessive AChE inhibition may impact drug tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Batool
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tiyyaba Furqan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | | | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Mohammad A. Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041 Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Khagan, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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32
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Bedolla A, Taranov A, Luo F, Wang J, Turcato F, Fugate EM, Greig NH, Lindquist DM, Crone SA, Goto J, Luo Y. Diphtheria toxin induced but not CSF1R inhibitor mediated microglia ablation model leads to the loss of CSF/ventricular spaces in vivo that is independent of cytokine upregulation. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:3. [PMID: 34983562 PMCID: PMC8728932 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Two recently developed novel rodent models have been reported to ablate microglia, either by genetically targeting microglia (via Cx3cr1-creER: iDTR + Dtx) or through pharmacologically targeting the CSF1R receptor with its inhibitor (PLX5622). Both models have been widely used in recent years to define essential functions of microglia and have led to high impact studies that have moved the field forward. Methods Using either Cx3cr1-iDTR mice in combination with Dtx or via the PLX5622 diet to pharmacologically ablate microglia, we compared the two models via MRI and histology to study the general anatomy of the brain and the CSF/ventricular systems. Additionally, we analyzed the cytokine profile in both microglia ablation models. Results We discovered that the genetic ablation (Cx3cr1-iDTR + Dtx), but not the pharmacological microglia ablation (PLX5622), displays a surprisingly rapid pathological condition in the brain represented by loss of CSF/ventricles without brain parenchymal swelling. This phenotype was observed both in MRI and histological analysis. To our surprise, we discovered that the iDTR allele alone leads to the loss of CSF/ventricles phenotype following diphtheria toxin (Dtx) treatment independent of cre expression. To examine the underlying mechanism for the loss of CSF in the Cx3cr1-iDTR ablation and iDTR models, we additionally investigated the cytokine profile in the Cx3cr1-iDTR + Dtx, iDTR + Dtx and the PLX models. We found increases of multiple cytokines in the Cx3cr1-iDTR + Dtx but not in the pharmacological ablation model nor the iDTR + Dtx mouse brains at the time of CSF loss (3 days after the first Dtx injection). This result suggests that the upregulation of cytokines is not the cause of the loss of CSF, which is supported by our data indicating that brain parenchyma swelling, or edema are not observed in the Cx3cr1-iDTR + Dtx microglia ablation model. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of the KC/CXCR2 pathway (the most upregulated cytokine in the Cx3cr1-iDTR + Dtx model) did not resolve the CSF/ventricular loss phenotype in the genetic microglia ablation model. Instead, both the Cx3cr1-iDTR + Dtx ablation and iDTR + Dtx models showed increased activated IBA1 + cells in the choroid plexus (CP), suggesting that CP-related pathology might be the contributing factor for the observed CSF/ventricular shrinkage phenotype. Conclusions Our data, for the first time, reveal a robust and global CSF/ventricular space shrinkage pathology in the Cx3cr1-iDTR genetic ablation model caused by iDTR allele, but not in the PLX5622 ablation model, and suggest that this pathology is not due to brain edema formation but to CP related pathology. Given the wide utilization of the iDTR allele and the Cx3cr1-iDTR model, it is crucial to fully characterize this pathology to understand the underlying causal mechanisms. Specifically, caution is needed when utilizing this model to interpret subtle neurologic functional changes that are thought to be mediated by microglia but could, instead, be due to CSF/ventricular loss in the genetic ablation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Bedolla
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aleksandr Taranov
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Fucheng Luo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jiapeng Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Flavia Turcato
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Fugate
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Diana M Lindquist
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Steven A Crone
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - June Goto
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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33
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Palmas MF, Ena A, Burgaletto C, Casu MA, Cantarella G, Carboni E, Etzi M, De Simone A, Fusco G, Cardia MC, Lai F, Picci L, Tweedie D, Scerba MT, Coroneo V, Bernardini R, Greig NH, Pisanu A, Carta AR. Repurposing Pomalidomide as a Neuroprotective Drug: Efficacy in an Alpha-Synuclein-Based Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:305-324. [PMID: 35072912 PMCID: PMC9130415 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marketed drugs for Parkinson's disease (PD) treat disease motor symptoms but are ineffective in stopping or slowing disease progression. In the quest of novel pharmacological approaches that may target disease progression, drug-repurposing provides a strategy to accelerate the preclinical and clinical testing of drugs already approved for other medical indications. Here, we targeted the inflammatory component of PD pathology, by testing for the first time the disease-modifying properties of the immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD) pomalidomide in a translational rat model of PD neuropathology based on the intranigral bilateral infusion of toxic preformed oligomers of human α-synuclein (H-αSynOs). The neuroprotective effect of pomalidomide (20 mg/kg; i.p. three times/week 48 h apart) was tested in the first stage of disease progression by means of a chronic two-month administration, starting 1 month after H-αSynOs infusion, when an already ongoing neuroinflammation is observed. The intracerebral infusion of H-αSynOs induced an impairment in motor and coordination performance that was fully rescued by pomalidomide, as assessed via a battery of motor tests three months after infusion. Moreover, H-αSynOs-infused rats displayed a 40-45% cell loss within the bilateral substantia nigra, as measured by stereological counting of TH + and Nissl-stained neurons, that was largely abolished by pomalidomide. The inflammatory response to H-αSynOs infusion and the pomalidomide treatment was evaluated both in CNS affected areas and peripherally in the serum. A reactive microgliosis, measured as the volume occupied by the microglial marker Iba-1, was present in the substantia nigra three months after H-αSynOs infusion as well as after H-αSynOs plus pomalidomide treatment. However, microglia differed for their phenotype among experimental groups. After H-αSynOs infusion, microglia displayed a proinflammatory profile, producing a large amount of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. In contrast, pomalidomide inhibited the TNF-α overproduction and elevated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Moreover, the H-αSynOs infusion induced a systemic inflammation with overproduction of serum proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, that was largely mitigated by pomalidomide. Results provide evidence of the disease modifying potential of pomalidomide in a neuropathological rodent model of PD and support the repurposing of this drug for clinical testing in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Ena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Chiara Burgaletto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Cantarella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ezio Carboni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michela Etzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Fusco
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Cristina Cardia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Lai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Picci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael T Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valentina Coroneo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Augusta Pisanu
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Anna R Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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34
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Rahman M, Mim SA, Islam R, Parvez A, Islam F, Uddin MB, Rahaman S, Shuvo PA, Ahmed M, Greig NH, Kamal MA. Exploring the Recent Trends in Management of Dementia and Frailty: Focus on Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5289-5314. [PMID: 35400321 PMCID: PMC10477961 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220408102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dementia and frailty increase health adversities in older adults, which are topics of growing research interest. Frailty is considered to correspond to a biological syndrome associated with age. Frail patients may ultimately develop multiple dysfunctions across several systems, including stroke, transient ischemic attack, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, cortico-basal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Patients with dementia and frailty often develop malnutrition and weight loss. Rigorous nutritional, pharmacological, and non-pharmacological interventions generally are required for these patients, which is a challenging issue for healthcare providers. A healthy diet and lifestyle instigated at an early age can reduce the risk of frailty and dementia. For optimal treatment, accurate diagnosis involving clinical evaluation, cognitive screening, essential laboratory evaluation, structural imaging, functional neuroimaging, and neuropsychological testing is necessary. Diagnosis procedures best apply the clinical diagnosis, identifying the cause(s) and the condition(s) appropriate for treatment. The patient's history, caregiver's interview, physical examination, cognitive evaluation, laboratory tests, and structural imaging should best be involved in the diagnostic process. Varying types of physical exercise can aid the treatment of these disorders. Nutrition maintenance is a particularly significant factor, such as exceptionally high-calorie dietary supplements and a Mediterranean diet to support weight gain. The core purpose of this article is to investigate trends in the management of dementia and frailty, focusing on improving diagnosis and treatment. Substantial evidence builds the consensus that a combination of balanced nutrition and good physical activity is an integral part of treatment. Notably, more evidence-based medicine knowledge is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Afsana Mim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Anwar Parvez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Borhan Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Pollob Ahmed Shuvo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, NSW; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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35
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Li Y, Glotfelty EJ, Karlsson T, Fortuno LV, Harvey BK, Greig NH. The metabolite GLP-1 (9-36) is neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory in cellular models of neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2021; 159:867-886. [PMID: 34569615 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is best known for its insulinotropic action following food intake. Its metabolite, GLP-1 (9-36), was assumed biologically inactive because of low GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) affinity and non-insulinotropic properties; however, recent studies contradict this assumption. Increased use of FDA approved GLP-1 analogues for treating metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases raises interest in GLP-1 (9-36)'s biological role. We use human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and a GLP-1R over-expressing variety (#9), in both undifferentiated and differentiated states, to evaluate the neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 (9-36) against toxic glutamate exposure and other oxidative stress models (via the MTS, LDH or ROS assays). In addition, we examine GLP-1 (9-36)'s signaling pathways, including cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase-A (PKA), and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via the use of ELISA, pharmacological inhibitors, or GLP-1R antagonist. Human HMC3 and mouse IMG microglial cell lines were used to study the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 (9-36) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (via ELISA). Finally, we applied GLP-1 (9-36) to primary dissociation cultures challenged with α-synuclein or amyloid-β and assessed survival and morphology via immunochemistry. We demonstrate evidence of GLP-1R, cAMP, PKA, and AMPK-mediated neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 (9-36). The metabolite significantly reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels in HMC3 and IMG microglial cells, respectively. Lastly, we show mild but significant effects of GLP-1 (9-36) in primary neuron cultures challenged with α-synuclein or amyloid-β. These studies enhance understanding of GLP-1 (9-36)'s effects on the nervous system and its potential as a primary or complementary treatment in pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elliot J Glotfelty
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Karlsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lowella V Fortuno
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Department, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Department, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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36
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D'Angelo C, Costantini E, Salvador N, Marchioni M, Di Nicola M, Greig NH, Reale M. Publisher Correction: nAChRs gene expression and neuroinflammation in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14314. [PMID: 34230519 PMCID: PMC8260730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara D'Angelo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nieves Salvador
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Marchioni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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37
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Liu D, Ahmet I, Griess B, Tweedie D, Greig NH, Mattson MP. Age-related impairment of cerebral blood flow response to K ATP channel opener in Alzheimer's disease mice with presenilin-1 mutation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1579-1591. [PMID: 33203296 PMCID: PMC8221766 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20964233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Local cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to neuronal activity are essential for cognition and impaired CBF responses occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, regional CBF (rCBF) responses to the KATP channel opener diazoxide were investigated in 3xTgAD, WT and mutant Presenilin 1(PS1M146V) mice from three age groups using Laser-Doppler flowmetry. The rCBF response was reduced early in young 3xTgAD mice and almost absent in old 3xTgAD mice, up to 30%-40% reduction with altered CBF velocity and mean arterial pressure versus WT mice. The impaired rCBF response in 3xTgAD mice was associated with progression of AD pathology, characterized by deposition of intracellular and vascular amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers, senile plaques and tau pathology. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine abolished rCBF response to diazoxide suggesting NO was involved in the mediation of vasorelaxation. Levels of phosphor-eNOS (Ser1177) diminished in 3xTgAD brains with age, while the rCBF response to the NO donor sodium nitroprusside remained. In PS1M146V mice, the rCBF response to dizoxide reduced and high molecular weight Abeta oligomers were increased indicating PS1M146V contributed to the dysregulation of rCBF response in AD mice. Our study revealed an Aβ oligomer-associated compromise of cerebrovascular function in rCBF response to diazoxide in AD mice with PS1M146V mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ismayil Ahmet
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon Griess
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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38
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Lahiri DK, Maloney B, Greig NH. Preface: Unlocking Aging Science Progress Even During a Time of Lockdown. Curr Aging Sci 2021; 14:1-2. [PMID: 34028346 DOI: 10.2174/187460981401210506101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debomoy K Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Bryan Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- National Institute on Aging, Drug Design & Development Section, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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39
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D'Angelo C, Costantini E, Salvador N, Marchioni M, Di Nicola M, Greig NH, Reale M. nAChRs gene expression and neuroinflammation in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9711. [PMID: 33958667 PMCID: PMC8102527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An evaluation of the APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic AD mouse, presenting with the toxic Aβ1-42 deposition found in human AD, allowed us to characterize time-dependent changes in inflammatory and cholinergic markers present in AD. Astrogliosis was observed in cortex and hippocampus, with cellular loss occurring in the same areas in which Aβ plaques were present. In this setting, we found early significantly elevated levels of IL-1β and TNFα gene expression; with the hippocampus showing the highest IL-1β expression. To investigate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, the expression of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) and cholinesterase enzymes also was evaluated. The anti-inflammatory nAChRα7, α4, and β2 were particularly increased at 6 months of age in the hippocampus, potentially as a strategy to counteract Aβ deposition and the ensuing inflammatory state. A time-dependent subunit switch to the α3β4 type occurred. Whether α3, β4 subunits have a pro-inflammatory or an inhibitory effect on ACh stimulation remains speculative. Aβ1-42 deposition, neuronal loss and increased astrocytes were detected, and a time-dependent change in components of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway were observed. A greater understanding of time-dependent Aβ/nAChRs interactions may aid in defining new therapeutic strategies and novel molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara D'Angelo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nieves Salvador
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Marchioni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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40
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Scerba MT, Siegler MA, Greig NH. Thionation of Aminophthalimide Hindered Carbonyl Groups and Application to the Synthesis of 3,6′-Dithionated Pomalidomides. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1720460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHerein, we present a new one-pot procedure for the 3,6′-dithionation of pomalidomide derivatives in which the key 3-position sulfur atom is preferentially installed at the desired (but sterically congested) carbonyl of the aminophthalimide system and with regiochemistry distinct from Lawesson’s Reagent thionation methods. When heated in 1,4-dioxane with P4S10–pyridine complex, pomalidomides are smoothly and reproducibly converted into their 3,6′-dithionated analogues in roughly 30% isolated yield and at various scales. While detrimental to the desired 3,6′-type outcome when employing Lawesson’s Reagent, we hypothesize that the pomalidomide aniline group instead facilitates P4S10-type thionation at the otherwise hindered 3-position carbonyl, contributing to the selectivity observed. When paired with classical methods of thionation, this approach offers an interesting and appealing addition to the synthetic toolbox, permitting facile late-stage access to complementary thionated pomalidomides in direct single-flask procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Small Molecule X-ray Facility, Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
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41
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Delgado-Peraza F, Nogueras-Ortiz CJ, Volpert O, Liu D, Goetzl EJ, Mattson MP, Greig NH, Eitan E, Kapogiannis D. Neuronal and Astrocytic Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers in Blood Reflect Brain Pathology in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050993. [PMID: 33922642 PMCID: PMC8146429 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating neuronal extracellular vesicles (NEVs) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients show high Tau and β-amyloid (Aβ) levels, whereas their astrocytic EVs (AEVs) contain high complement levels. To validate EV proteins as AD biomarkers, we immunocaptured NEVs and AEVs from plasma collected from fifteen wild type (WT), four 2xTg-AD, nine 5xFAD, and fifteen 3xTg-AD mice and assessed biomarker relationships with brain tissue levels. NEVs from 3xTg-AD mice had higher total Tau (p = 0.03) and p181-Tau (p = 0.0004) compared to WT mice. There were moderately strong correlations between biomarkers in NEVs and cerebral cortex and hippocampus (total Tau: cortex, r = 0.4, p = 0.009; p181-Tau: cortex, r = 0.7, p < 0.0001; hippocampus, r = 0.6, p < 0.0001). NEVs from 5xFAD compared to other mice had higher Aβ42 (p < 0.005). NEV Aβ42 had moderately strong correlations with Aβ42 in cortex (r = 0.6, p = 0.001) and hippocampus (r = 0.7, p < 0.0001). AEV C1q was elevated in 3xTg-AD compared to WT mice (p = 0.005); AEV C1q had moderate-strong correlations with C1q in cortex (r = 0.9, p < 0.0001) and hippocampus (r = 0.7, p < 0.0001). Biomarkers in circulating NEVs and AEVs reflect their brain levels across multiple AD mouse models supporting their potential use as a “liquid biopsy” for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francheska Delgado-Peraza
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 212241, USA; (F.D.-P.); (C.J.N.-O.)
| | - Carlos J. Nogueras-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 212241, USA; (F.D.-P.); (C.J.N.-O.)
| | - Olga Volpert
- NeuroDex Inc., Natick, MA 01760, USA; (O.V.); (E.E.)
| | - Dong Liu
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (D.L.); (N.H.G.)
| | - Edward J. Goetzl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- San Francisco Campus for Jewish Living, San Francisco, CA 94112, USA
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (D.L.); (N.H.G.)
| | - Erez Eitan
- NeuroDex Inc., Natick, MA 01760, USA; (O.V.); (E.E.)
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 212241, USA; (F.D.-P.); (C.J.N.-O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-454-8393
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42
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Shakil S, Rizvi SMD, Greig NH. High Throughput Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Identifying a Putative Inhibitor of Bacterial CTX-M-15. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050474. [PMID: 33919115 PMCID: PMC8143117 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multidrug resistant bacteria are a major therapeutic challenge. CTX-M-type enzymes are an important group of class A extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). ESBLs are the enzymes that arm bacterial pathogens with drug resistance to an array of antibiotics, notably the advanced-generation cephalosporins. The current need for an effective CTX-M-inhibitor is high. Objective: The aim of the current study was to identify a promising anti-CTX-M-15 ligand whose chemical skeleton could be used as a ‘seed-molecule’ for future drug design against resistant bacteria. Methods: Virtual screening of 5,000,000 test molecules was performed by ‘MCULE Drug Discovery Platform’. ‘ADME analyses’ was performed by ‘SWISS ADME’. TOXICITY CHECKER of MCULE was employed to predict the safety profile of the test molecules. The complex of the ‘Top inhibitor’ with the ‘bacterial CTX-M-15 enzyme’ was subjected to 102.25 ns molecular dynamics simulation. This simulation was run for 3 days on a HP ZR30w workstation. Trajectory analyses were performed by employing the macro ‘md_analyze.mcr’ of YASARA STRUCTURE version 20.12.24.W.64 using AMBER14 force field. YANACONDA macro language was used for complex tasks. Figures, including RMSD and RMSF plots, were generated. Snapshots were acquired after every 250 ps. Finally, two short videos of ‘41 s’ and ‘1 min and 22 s’ duration were recorded. Results: 5-Amino-1-(2H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile, denoted by the MCULE-1352214421-0-56, displayed the most efficient binding with bacterial CTX-M-15 enzyme. This screened molecule significantly interacted with CTX-M-15 via 13 amino acid residues. Notably, nine amino acid residues were found common to avibactam binding (the reference ligand). Trajectory analysis yielded 410 snapshots. The RMSD plot revealed that around 26 ns, equilibrium was achieved and, thereafter, the complex remained reasonably stable. After a duration of 26 ns and onwards until 102.25 ns, the backbone RMSD fluctuations were found to be confined within a range of 0.8–1.4 Å. Conclusion: 5-Amino-1-(2H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile could emerge as a promising seed molecule for CTX-M-15-inhibitor design. It satisfied ADMET features and displayed encouraging ‘simulation results’. Advanced plots obtained by trajectory analyses predicted the stability of the proposed protein-ligand complex. ‘Hands on’ wet laboratory validation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Syed M. Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81481, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
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Hsueh SC, Luo W, Tweedie D, Kim DS, Kim YK, Hwang I, Gil JE, Han BS, Chiang YH, Selman W, Hoffer BJ, Greig NH. N-Adamantyl Phthalimidine: A New Thalidomide-like Drug That Lacks Cereblon Binding and Mitigates Neuronal and Synaptic Loss, Neuroinflammation, and Behavioral Deficits in Traumatic Brain Injury and LPS Challenge. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:980-1000. [PMID: 33860215 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation contributes to delayed secondary cell death following traumatic brain injury (TBI), has the potential to chronically exacerbate the initial insult, and represents a therapeutic target that has largely failed to translate into human efficacy. Thalidomide-like drugs have effectively mitigated neuroinflammation across cellular and animal models of TBI and neurodegeneration but are complicated by adverse actions in humans. We hence developed N-adamantyl phthalimidine (NAP) as a new thalidomide-like drug to mitigate inflammation without binding to cereblon, a key target associated with the antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and teratogenic actions seen in this drug class. We utilized a phenotypic drug discovery approach that employed multiple cellular and animal models and ultimately examined immunohistochemical, biochemical, and behavioral measures following controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI in mice. NAP mitigated LPS-induced inflammation across cellular and rodent models and reduced oligomeric α-synuclein and amyloid-β mediated inflammation. Following CCI TBI, NAP mitigated neuronal and synaptic loss, neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits, and is unencumbered by cereblon binding, a key protein underpinning the teratogenic and adverse actions of thalidomide-like drugs in humans. In summary, NAP represents a new class of thalidomide-like drugs with anti-inflammatory actions for promising efficacy in the treatment of TBI and potentially longer-term neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Weiming Luo
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- AevisBio, Inc., Gaithersburg Maryland 20878, United States.,Aevis Bio, Inc., Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Kim
- Aevis Bio, Inc., Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Hwang
- Aevis Bio, Inc., Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Gil
- Aevis Bio, Inc., Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Research Center for Biodefence, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Warren Selman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Jung YJ, Tweedie D, Scerba MT, Kim DS, Palmas MF, Pisanu A, Carta AR, Greig NH. Repurposing Immunomodulatory Imide Drugs (IMiDs) in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:656921. [PMID: 33854417 PMCID: PMC8039148 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.656921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation represents a common trait in the pathology and progression of the major psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Neuropsychiatric disorders have emerged as a global crisis, affecting 1 in 4 people, while neurological disorders are the second leading cause of death in the elderly population worldwide (WHO, 2001; GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, 2019). However, there remains an immense deficit in availability of effective drug treatments for most neurological disorders. In fact, for disorders such as depression, placebos and behavioral therapies have equal effectiveness as antidepressants. For neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, drugs that can prevent, slow, or cure the disease have yet to be found. Several non-traditional avenues of drug target identification have emerged with ongoing neurological disease research to meet the need for novel and efficacious treatments. Of these novel avenues is that of neuroinflammation, which has been found to be involved in the progression and pathology of many of the leading neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation is characterized by glial inflammatory factors in certain stages of neurological disorders. Although the meta-analyses have provided evidence of genetic/proteomic upregulation of inflammatory factors in certain stages of neurological disorders. Although the mechanisms underpinning the connections between neuroinflammation and neurological disorders are unclear, and meta-analysis results have shown high sensitivity to factors such as disorder severity and sample type, there is significant evidence of neuroinflammation associations across neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and bipolar disorder, as well as in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, and introduce current research on the potential of immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) as a new treatment strategy for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Jung
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael T. Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- AevisBio, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
- Aevis Bio, Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Augusta Pisanu
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna R. Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Wang V, Kuo TT, Huang EYK, Ma KH, Chou YC, Fu ZY, Lai LW, Jung J, Choi HI, Choi DS, Li Y, Olson L, Greig NH, Hoffer BJ, Chen YH. Sustained Release GLP-1 Agonist PT320 Delays Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:858-869. [PMID: 33860208 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1 agonists have become increasingly interesting as a new Parkinson's disease (PD) clinical treatment strategy. Additional preclinical studies are important to validate this approach and define the disease stage when they are most effective. We hence characterized the efficacy of PT320, a sustained release formulation of the long acting GLP-1 agonist, exenatide, in a progressive PD (MitoPark) mouse model. A clinically translatable biweekly PT320 dose was administered starting at 5 weeks of age and longitudinally evaluated to 24 weeks, and multiple behavioral/cellular parameters were measured. PT320 significantly improved spontaneous locomotor activity and rearing in MitoPark PD mice. "Motivated" behavior also improved, evaluated by accelerating rotarod performance. Behavioral improvement was correlated with enhanced cellular and molecular indices of dopamine (DA) midbrain function. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry demonstrated protection of striatal and nucleus accumbens DA release and reuptake in PT320 treated MitoPark mice. Positron emission tomography showed protection of striatal DA fibers and tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression was augmented by PT320 administration. Early PT320 treatment may hence provide an important neuroprotective therapeutic strategy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- National Defense Medical Center School of Public Health, Min-Chuan East Road, Sec. 6, Nei-Hu District, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Yang Fu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Lai
- Graduate Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Jin Jung
- Peptron, Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi-Ii Choi
- Peptron, Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0001, United States
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6825, United States
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6825, United States
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4915, United States
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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Reale M, Costantini E, Greig NH. Cytokine Imbalance in Schizophrenia. From Research to Clinic: Potential Implications for Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:536257. [PMID: 33746786 PMCID: PMC7973221 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.536257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are one of the most important components of the immune system. They orchestrate the brain's response to infectious and other exogenous insults and are crucial mediators of the cross-talk between the nervous and immune systems. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that severe infections and autoimmune disorders, in addition to genetic predisposition, are risk factors for schizophrenia. Furthermore, maternal infection during pregnancy appears to increase the risk of schizophrenia, and proinflammatory cytokines may be negatively involved in the neurodevelopmental process. A cytokine imbalance has been described in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenia patients, particularly in the T helper type 1 [Th1] and type 2 [Th2] cytokines, albeit the results of such studies appear to be contradictory. Chronic stress, likewise, appears to contribute to a lasting proinflammatory state and likely also promotes the disorder. The aim of this mini-review is to investigate the roles of different cytokines in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and define how cytokines may represent key molecular targets to regulate for the prevention and treatment of schizophrenia. How current antipsychotic drugs impact cytokine networks is also evaluated. In this context, we propose to change the focus of schizophrenia from a traditionally defined brain disorder, to one that is substantially impacted by the periphery and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Reale
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Peach ML, Beedie SL, Chau CH, Collins MK, Markolovic S, Luo W, Tweedie D, Steinebach C, Greig NH, Gütschow M, Vargesson N, Nicklaus MC, Figg WD. Antiangiogenic Activity and in Silico Cereblon Binding Analysis of Novel Thalidomide Analogs. Molecules 2020; 25:E5683. [PMID: 33276504 PMCID: PMC7730988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its antiangiogenic and anti-immunomodulatory activity, thalidomide continues to be of clinical interest despite its teratogenic actions, and efforts to synthesize safer, clinically active thalidomide analogs are continually underway. In this study, a cohort of 27 chemically diverse thalidomide analogs was evaluated for antiangiogenic activity in an ex vivo rat aorta ring assay. The protein cereblon has been identified as the target for thalidomide, and in silico pharmacophore analysis and molecular docking with a crystal structure of human cereblon were used to investigate the cereblon binding abilities of the thalidomide analogs. The results suggest that not all antiangiogenic thalidomide analogs can bind cereblon, and multiple targets and mechanisms of action may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Peach
- Basic Science Program, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
| | - Shaunna L. Beedie
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.L.B.); (C.H.C.); (M.K.C.); (S.M.)
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | - Cindy H. Chau
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.L.B.); (C.H.C.); (M.K.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Matthew K. Collins
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.L.B.); (C.H.C.); (M.K.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Suzana Markolovic
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.L.B.); (C.H.C.); (M.K.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Weiming Luo
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (W.L.); (D.T.); (N.H.G.)
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (W.L.); (D.T.); (N.H.G.)
| | - Christian Steinebach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (C.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (W.L.); (D.T.); (N.H.G.)
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (C.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | - Marc C. Nicklaus
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
| | - William D. Figg
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.L.B.); (C.H.C.); (M.K.C.); (S.M.)
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Mullins RJ, Mustapic M, Chia CW, Carlson O, Gulyani S, Tran J, Li Y, Mattson MP, Resnick S, Egan JM, Greig NH, Kapogiannis D. A Pilot Study of Exenatide Actions in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:741-752. [PMID: 31518224 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190913155950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strong preclinical evidence suggests that exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP- 1) receptor agonist used for treating type 2 diabetes, is neuroprotective and disease-modifying in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). OBJECTIVE We performed an 18-month double-blind randomized placebo-controlled Phase II clinical trial to assess the safety and tolerability of exenatide and explore treatment responses for clinical, cognitive, and biomarker outcomes in early AD. METHOD Eighteen participants with high probability AD based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers completed the entire study prior to its early termination by the sponsor; partial outcomes were available for twentyone. RESULTS Exenatide was safe and well-tolerated, showing an expectedly higher incidence of nausea and decreased appetite compared to placebo and decreasing glucose and GLP-1 during Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests. Exenatide treatment produced no differences or trends compared to placebo for clinical and cognitive measures, MRI cortical thickness and volume, or biomarkers in CSF, plasma, and plasma neuronal extracellular vesicles (EV) except for a reduction of Aβ42 in EVs. CONCLUSION The positive finding of lower EV Aβ42 supports emerging evidence that plasma neuronal EVs provide an effective platform for demonstrating biomarker responses in clinical trials in AD. The study was underpowered due to early termination and therefore we cannot draw any firm conclusions. However, the analysis of secondary outcomes shows no trends in support of the hypothesis that exenatide is diseasemodifying in clinical AD, and lowering EV Aβ42 in and of itself may not improve cognitive outcomes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Mullins
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), 3001 S. Hanover St, NM531, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States
| | - Maja Mustapic
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), 3001 S. Hanover St, NM531, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States
| | - Chee W Chia
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), 3001 S. Hanover St, NM531, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States
| | - Olga Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), 3001 S. Hanover St, NM531, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States
| | - Seema Gulyani
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), 3001 S. Hanover St, NM531, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States
| | - Joyce Tran
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), 3001 S. Hanover St, NM531, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States
| | - Yazhou Li
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), 3001 S. Hanover St, NM531, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), 3001 S. Hanover St, NM531, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States
| | - Susan Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), 3001 S. Hanover St, NM531, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), 3001 S. Hanover St, NM531, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), 3001 S. Hanover St, NM531, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), 3001 S. Hanover St, NM531, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States
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49
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Tweedie D, Karnati HK, Mullins R, Pick CG, Hoffer BJ, Goetzl EJ, Kapogiannis D, Greig NH. Time-dependent cytokine and chemokine changes in mouse cerebral cortex following a mild traumatic brain injury. eLife 2020; 9:55827. [PMID: 32804078 PMCID: PMC7473773 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious global health problem, many individuals live with TBI-related neurological dysfunction. A lack of biomarkers of TBI has impeded medication development. To identify new potential biomarkers, we time-dependently evaluated mouse brain tissue and neuronally derived plasma extracellular vesicle proteins in a mild model of TBI with parallels to concussive head injury. Mice (CD-1, 30–40 g) received a sham procedure or 30 g weight-drop and were euthanized 8, 24, 48, 72, 96 hr, 7, 14 and 30 days later. We quantified ipsilateral cortical proteins, many of which differed from sham by 8 hours post-mTBI, particularly GAS-1 and VEGF-B were increased while CXCL16 reduced, 23 proteins changed in 4 or more of the time points. Gene ontology pathways mapped from altered proteins over time related to pathological and physiological processes. Validation of proteins identified in this study may provide utility as treatment response biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States
| | - Hanuma Kumar Karnati
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States
| | - Roger Mullins
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, and Dr. Miriam and SheldonG. Adelson Chair and Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
| | - Edward J Goetzl
- Department of Medicine, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States
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50
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Yu SJ, Chen S, Yang YY, Glotfelty EJ, Jung J, Kim HK, Choi HI, Choi DS, Hoffer BJ, Greig NH, Wang Y. PT320, Sustained-Release Exendin-4, Mitigates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Rat 6-Hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:785. [PMID: 32848559 PMCID: PMC7431885 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously demonstrated that subcutaneous administration of PT320, a sustained-release (SR) form of exendin-4, resulted in the long-term maintenance of steady-state exenatide (exendin-4) plasma and target levels in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-pretreated animals. Additionally, pre- or post-treatment with PT320 mitigated the early stage of 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of PT320 on L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) in the rat 6-OHDA model of Parkinson’s disease. Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were unilaterally lesioned in the right medial forebrain bundle by 6-OHDA. L-DOPA and benserazide were given daily for 22 days, starting from 4 weeks after lesioning. PT320 was co-administered weekly for 3 weeks. AIM was evaluated on days 1, 16, and 22 after initiating L-DOPA/benserazide + PT320 treatment. Brain tissues were subsequently collected for HPLC measurements of dopamine (DA) and metabolite concentrations. Results L-DOPA/benserazide increased AIMs of limbs and axial as well as the sum of all dyskinesia scores (ALO) over 3 weeks. PT320 significantly reduced the AIM scores of limbs, orolingual, and ALO. Although PT320 did not alter DA levels in the lesioned striatum, PT320 significantly attenuated 6-OHDA-enhanced DA turnover. Conclusion PT320 attenuates L-DOPA/benserazide-induced dyskinesia in a 6-OHDA rat model of PD and warrants clinical evaluation to mitigate Parkinson’s disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jin Yu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yung Yang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Elliot J Glotfelty
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jin Jung
- Peptron Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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