1051
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Abstract
The treatment of a patient for three and one-half months, following occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery with the associated neurological sequelae, with hyperbaric oxygen combined with methyldopa and hydrochlorthazide is presented. Treatment scheduled was two and one-half atmospheres absolute. The treatment was interrupted after 15 treatments to rule out spontaneous remission for a period of 30 days, and no further improvement occurred until treatments were reinstituted. The dramatic return to a near normal state during treatment appears to indicate that he did benefit from therapy.
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1052
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Quilligan EJ, Dunnihoo DR, Anderson GG. Effect of elevations of carbon dioxide on fetal carotid blood flow. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971; 109:706-15. [PMID: 5544572 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(71)90756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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1053
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Khazin AF, Hon EH, Hehre FW. Effects of maternal hyperoxia on the fetus. I. Oxygen tension. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971; 109:628-37. [PMID: 5100084 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(71)90639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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1054
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Kitahata LM, Galicich JH, Sato I. The effect of passive hyperventilation on intraventricular pressure in the dog. J Neurosurg 1971; 34:185-93. [PMID: 14768686 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1971.34.2part1.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
✓ The effectiveness of passive hyperventilation in reducing intracranial pressure was studied in mongrel dogs by varying the levels of end-tidal pCO2 and airway pressure, and comparing the positive-negative and positive-atmospheric pressure. It has been shown that there is a point beyond which reduction of pCO2 does not affect cerebral blood flow. The present study demonstrates that another limiting factor is the degree of positive or negative airway pressure. Positive airway pressure impedes venous drainage, thereby increasing intracranial pressure. This increase could only partly be offset by applying negative expiratory airway pressure, since it was found that excessive negative airway pressure (greater than static recoil pressure of the lung) may trap air in alveoli. An optimal range of positive and negative airway pressures is defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Kitahata
- Section of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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1055
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Shapiro W, Wasserman AJ, Baker JP, Patterson JL. Cerebrovascular response to acute hypocapnic and eucapnic hypoxia in normal man. J Clin Invest 1970; 49:2362-8. [PMID: 5480859 PMCID: PMC322737 DOI: 10.1172/jci106455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in human cerebral blood flow and related blood constituents were studied during exposure to acute hypoxia. Observations were made during serial inhalation of decreasing O(2) concentrations with and without maintenance of normocarbia, during 8 min inhalation of 10% O(2), and after hyperventilation at an arterial P(O2) of about 40 mm Hg. In the range of hypoxemia studied, from normal down to arterial P(O2) of about 40 mm Hg, the magnitude of the cerebral vasodilator response to hypoxia appeared to be largely dependent upon the coexisting arterial CO(2) tension. The mean slope of the increase in cerebral blood flow with decreasing arterial O(2) tension rose more quickly (P < 0.05) when eucapnia was maintained when compared with the slope derived under similar hypoxic conditions without maintenance of eucapnia. When 12 subjects inhaled 10% oxygen, cerebral blood flow rose to more than 135% of control in four whose mean decrease in arterial CO(2) tension was - 2.0 mm Hg. The remaining eight had flows ranging from 97 to 120% of control, and their mean decrease in CO(2) tension was - 5.1 mm Hg. When mean arterial P(O2) was 37 mm Hg, hyperventilation was carried out in 10 subjects. Arterial P(O2) increased insignificantly, arterial P(CO2) declined from 34 to 27 mm Hg (P < 0.05), and cerebral blood flow which had been 143% of control decreased to 109%, a figure not significantly different from control.These data demonstrate the powerful counterbalancing constrictor effects of modest reductions in CO(2) tension on the vasodilator influence of hypoxia represented by arterial P(O2) reductions to about 40 mm Hg. Indeed, mild hyperventilation completely overcame the vasodilator effect provided by an arterial O(2) tension as low as 40 mm Hg. The effects of hypoxia on the control of the cerebral circulation must be analyzed in terms of the effects of any associated changes in CO(2) tension.
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1056
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Harmsen P, Bay J. Cerebrospinal fluid oxygen tension in man during halothane anaesthesia and hyperventilation. Acta Neurol Scand 1970; 46:553-61. [PMID: 5504334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1970.tb05812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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1057
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Miller JD, Ledingham IM, Jennett WB. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow in experimental cerebral oedema. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1970; 33:745-55. [PMID: 5497875 PMCID: PMC493587 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.33.6.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased intracranial pressure was induced in anaesthetized dogs by application of liquid nitrogen to the dura mater. Intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow were measured, together with arterial blood pressure and arterial and cerebral venous blood gases.Carbon dioxide was administered intermittently to test the responsiveness of the cerebral circulation, and hyperbaric oxygen was delivered at intervals in a walk-in hyperbaric chamber, pressurized to two atmospheres absolute.Hyperbaric oxygen caused a 30% reduction of intracranial pressure and a 19% reduction of cerebral blood flow in the absence of changes in arterial PCO(2) or blood pressure, but only as long as administration of carbon dioxide caused an increase in both intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow. When carbon dioxide failed to influence intracranial pressure or cerebral blood flow then hyperbaric oxygen had no effect. This unresponsive state was reached at high levels of intracranial pressure.
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1058
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Jain VK, Guha SK. A study of intermittent positive pressure ventilation. MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 1970; 8:575-83. [PMID: 4928042 DOI: 10.1007/bf02478231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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1059
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1060
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Regli F, Yamaguchi T, Waltz AG. Effects of inhalation of oxygen on blood flow and microvasculature of ischemic and nonischemic cerebral cortex. Stroke 1970; 1:314-9. [PMID: 5522929 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.1.5.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The right middle cerebral artery was occluded in cats, and Pa
o
o2
was increased by increasing the amount of oxygen inhaled by the animals at atmospheric pressure. Cortical blood flow (CBF) was measured with Krypton-85, and observations and photographs of the superficial cortical microvasculature were made bilaterally. In two of five animals, increasing the Pa
o
o2
caused constriction of surface arterioles of the nonischemic hemispheres, with an associated decrease of CBF; in the three other animals, there were no circulatory responses to the increased Pa
o
o2
. In seven animals, increasing the Pa
o
o2
had no apparent effect on CBF or arteriolar caliber of the ischemic cerebral hemispheres. In four animals, at Pa
o
o2
greater than 400 torr, reactivity to increases of Pa
CO
CO2
was preserved in nonischemic cortex but impaired in ischemic cortex. Reddening of venous blood of the microvasculature of ischemic cerebral cortex occurred when Pa
o
o2
was increased, indicating that more oxygen was made available to the ischemic cerebral tissue. However, no beneficial effects could be demonstrated on the changes in the microvasculature produced by ischemia.
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1061
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Stoyka WW. The reliability and usefulness of the Suwa nomogram in patients in respiratory failure. CANADIAN ANAESTHETISTS' SOCIETY JOURNAL 1970; 17:119-28. [PMID: 5437378 DOI: 10.1007/bf03004662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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1062
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Hald T, Johansen SH. Carbon dioxide administration for correction of postoperative hypoxaemia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1970; 14:53-9. [PMID: 5428542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1970.tb00758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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1063
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Kong Y, Lunzer S, Heyman A, Saltzman HA. Protective effects of acetazolamide and hyperbaric oxygenation on experimentally induced syncope. Stroke 1970; 1:69-76. [PMID: 5522907 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.1.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The protective effects of acetazolamide and hyperbaric oxygenation on experimentally induced syncope were evaluated in seven healthy male subjects. Syncope was induced by vigorous hyperventilation and Valsalva maneuver. Each subject performed these procedures three times in each of the following conditions: (1) breathing room air at normal atmospheric pressure, (2) breathing 100% oxygen at 2.36 atmospheric pressure, (3) breathing 9% oxygen at 2.36 atmospheres and (4) after intravenous injection of 500 mg of acetazolamide while breathing 100% oxygen at 2.36 atmospheres. With comparable changes of arterial pCO
2
and blood pressure during the hyperventilation-Valsalva maneuver, syncope occurred in 19 of 21 (91%) hyperventilation-Valsalva maneuvers performed at ambient environment, in 18 of 21 (86%) when subject was breathing 9% oxygen at 2.36 atmospheres, in 14 of 21 (67%) when 2.36 atmospheres of 100% oxygen was used, and in only 7 of 21 (33%) when acetazolamide was used in conjunction with hyperbaric oxygen. Syncope was completely prevented by hyperbaric oxygenation in one subject and by the combination of acetazolamide and hyperbaric oxygen in four subjects. These studies demonstrate that cerebral vasodilation induced by acetazolamide combined with increased oxygen delivery to the brain resulting from hyperbaric oxygenation may preserve cerebral function during the period of hypotension and hypocapnia produced by hyperventilation and Valsalva maneuver.
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1064
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Ter-Pogossian MM, Eichling JO, Davis DO, Welch MJ. The measure in vivo of regional cerebral oxygen utilization by means of oxyhemoglobin labeled with radioactive oxygen-15. J Clin Invest 1970; 49:381-91. [PMID: 5411789 PMCID: PMC322480 DOI: 10.1172/jci106247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Regional cerebral oxygen utilization rate is measured in vivo by the following method:A small volume of blood with radioactive oxygen-15-tagged hemoglobin is rapidly injected into the internal carotid artery of the patient under study. The first injection is followed by the injection carried out under identical circumstances but with blood labeled with water-(15)O. After each injection, the distribution of the radioactive label in the brain is measured and recorded, as a function of time, by six collimated scintillation probes placed over the subject's head. The recording, subsequent to the first injection, reflects (a) the arrival of the labeled oxygen into the tissues, (b) its partial conversion into water of metabolism, and (c) the washout of labeled water from the brain. The ratio of the amount of labeled water formed to the amount of oxygen perfusing the tissues, which can be derived from the recording, is a measure of fractional oxygen utilization. The second injection provides a measure of blood flow by the interpretation of the washout of labeled water from brain tissues. The product, fractional oxygen utilization x blood flow x arterial oxygen content, gives a measure of oxygen utilization rate. Some aspects of the validity of this method are tested by the injection of a nondiffusible indicator, carboxyhemoglobin-(15)O. Regional cerebral oxygen utilization rates for a series of patients with cerebral pathology are reported.
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1065
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Kjällquist A. The CSF-blood potential in sustained acid-base changes in the rat. With calculations of electrochemical potential differences for H+ and HCO3. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1970; 78:85-93. [PMID: 5419708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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1066
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Johansen SH, Mourkidou S. Change in PaO2 during artificial ventilation with added dead space. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1969; 13:241-6. [PMID: 5383201 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1969.tb00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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1067
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Kindt GW, Youmans JR, Conway LW. The use of ultrasound to determine cerebral arterial reserve. J Neurosurg 1969; 31:544-9. [PMID: 5361583 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1969.31.5.0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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1068
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Bourassa MG, Campeau L, Bois MA, Rico O. The effects of inhalation of 100 percent oxygen on myocardial lactate metabolism in coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 1969; 24:172-7. [PMID: 5799078 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(69)90400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1069
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Kong Y, Lunzer S, Heyman A, Thompson HK, Saltzman HA. Effects of acetazolamide on cerebral blood flow of dogs during hyperbaric oxygenation. Am Heart J 1969; 78:229-37. [PMID: 4894488 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(69)90013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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1070
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1071
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Dieckhoff D, Kanzow E. [On the location of the flow resistance in the cerebral circulation]. Pflugers Arch 1969; 310:75-85. [PMID: 5816089 DOI: 10.1007/bf00586876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1072
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Sanchez G, Imparato A, Ransohoff J. Internal jugular oxygen saturation and arteriovenous oxygen difference during artificial embolization of arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 1969; 30:227-32. [PMID: 5780894 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1969.30.3part1.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1073
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Granholm L, Siesjö BK. The effects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia upon the cerebrospinal fluid lactate and pyruvate concentrations and upon the lactate, pyruvate, ATP, ADP, phosphocreatine and creatine concentrations of cat brain tissue. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1969; 75:257-66. [PMID: 5790218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1074
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Wolcott MW. Comparison of high-pressure oxygen and oxygen-carbon dioxide mixtures in treatment of Clostridium perfringens infection in mice. J Surg Res 1969; 9:129-31. [PMID: 4304535 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(69)90042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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1075
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Kazemi H, Valenca LM, Shannon DC. Brain and cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration in respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY 1969; 6:178-86. [PMID: 5773386 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(69)90056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1076
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Matthews CM, Laszlo G, Campbell EJ, Read DJ. A model for the distribution and transport of CO2 in the body and the ventilatory response to CO2. RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY 1968; 6:45-87. [PMID: 5727031 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(68)90018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1077
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1078
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Sukoff MH, Hollin SA, Espinosa OE, Jacobson JH. The protective effect of hyperbaric oxygenation in experimental cerebral edema. J Neurosurg 1968; 29:236-41. [PMID: 5684405 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1968.29.3.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1079
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1080
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Paul RS, Abadir AR, Spencer FC. Resection of an internal carotid artery aneurysm under regional anesthesia: posterior cervical block. Ann Surg 1968; 168:147-53. [PMID: 5673192 PMCID: PMC1387200 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-196807000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1081
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Gordon E, Rossanda M. The importance of the cerebrospinal fluid acid-base status in the treatment of unconscious patients with brain lesions. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1968; 12:51-73. [PMID: 5709578 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1968.tb00411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1082
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Knutsen B, Broch OJ. Haemodynamics in acute pulmonary oedema in coronary patients. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 1968; 183:531-4. [PMID: 5703649 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1968.tb10518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1083
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Hesser CM, Katsaros B, Matell G. Pulmonary and tissue gas exchange during breath holding with oxygen. RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY 1968; 5:78-90. [PMID: 5682742 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(68)90078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1084
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Meyer JS, Sawada T, Kitamura A, Toyoda M. Cerebral oxygen, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate metabolism in stroke. Therapeutic considerations. Circulation 1968; 37:1036-48. [PMID: 5653046 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.37.6.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow, oxygen, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate metabolism were measured in 13 subjects with completed stroke. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption were reduced, glucose consumption and pyruvate production were normal, and lactate production was increased, suggesting a shift from aerobic to anaerobic cerebral glycolysis.
To test this hypothesis, cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery were decreased by hyperventilation and increased by inhalation of 5% CO
2
in air. Hyperventilation decreased cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO
2
) and increased cerebral lactate production. Inhalation of 5% CO
2
in air increased cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery and increased both glucose and oxygen consumption. Relationships between reduction in PaCO
2
and cerebral venous PO
2
and increased cerebral lactate production were found.
Increasing cerebral blood flow by 5% CO
2
inhalation improved circulation and oxygen delivery to ischemic cerebral areas and improved oxygen and glucose metabolism in the majority of cases since these procedures do not alter CMRO
2
in normal persons. Intravenous injection of glucose increased cerebral glucose uptake but insulin did not.
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1085
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Kazemi H, Klein RC, Turner FN, Strieder DJ. Dynamics of oxygen transfer in the cerebrospinal fluid. RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY 1968; 4:24-31. [PMID: 5639523 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(68)90004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1086
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Kindt G, Youmans J. Experimental studies of the effect of carbon dioxide on cerebral blood flow during carotid insufficiency. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 1968; 102:XVI:H. [PMID: 4975174 DOI: 10.3109/00365516809169068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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1087
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Ford DH. Changes in brain accumulation of amino acids and adenine associated with changes in the physiologic state. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1968; 29:401-15. [PMID: 4898334 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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1088
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Hollin SA, Sukoff MH, Jacobson JH. The protective effect of hyperbaric oxygenation in experimentally produced cerebral edema and compression. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1968; 30:479-89. [PMID: 5735480 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1089
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Ray SN. Electroencephalographic study in children with anaemia. Indian J Pediatr 1968; 35:14-8. [PMID: 5654720 DOI: 10.1007/bf02752984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1090
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Yarnell P, Charlton G, Merril CR, Ghiardi F, Ommaya AK. Dynamics of oxygen tension in the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid of the rhesus monkey. J Neurosurg 1967; 27:515-24. [PMID: 4965142 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1967.27.6.0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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1091
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1092
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Schneider M. [3. Consciousness disorders in surgery. (Physiological report)]. LANGENBECKS ARCHIV FUR CHIRURGIE 1967; 319:52-63. [PMID: 5587333 DOI: 10.1007/bf02659232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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1093
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Merrill CR, Charlton C, Yarnell P, Ommaya AK. Effect of arterial oxygen on mammalian brain oxygen tension. Nature 1967; 216:295-7. [PMID: 4964495 DOI: 10.1038/216295a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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1094
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Abstract
Intracellular Po
2
in the gracilis muscle of lightly anesthetized guinea pigs was measured by means of an O
2
microelectrode to see (a) whether the Po
2
was low enough that it might limit O
2
consumption, and (b) whether it would increase with high O
2
breathing. The resting cell membrane potential was used to localize the electrode tip. Of 184 cells tested in 26 animals, 70 cells had a Po
2
of less than 1 mm Hg. Mean intracellular Po
2
was about 4 mm Hg. When 100% O
2
or 98% O
2
-2% CO
2
was administered while the electrode was in a cell, 60 of 89 cells tested (20 animals) showed no change in Po
2
. In the other 29 cells, the Po
2
increased by 5% or more. We have concluded that blood flow in resting skeletal muscle in the anesthetized guinea pig is regulated so as to maintain a low Po
2
-low enough that it could limit O
2
consumption.
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1095
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Evans NT, Naylor PF. The systemic oxygen supply to the surface of human skin. RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY 1967; 3:21-37. [PMID: 6059101 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(67)90020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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1096
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Meyer JS, Gotoh F, Akiyama M, Yoshitake S. Monitoring cerebral blood flow, oxygen, and glucose metabolism. Analysis of cerebral metabolic disorder in stroke and some therapeutic trials in human volunteers. Circulation 1967; 36:197-211. [PMID: 4952656 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.36.2.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
More accurate methods for monitoring cerebral blood flow, oxygen, and glucose metabolism with results of their application in human volunteers are described.
Subjects with various types of cerebral vascular disease showed decreased cerebral blood flow and oxygen and glucose metabolism but anaerobic glycolysis appeared to be increased. Inhalation of 100% oxygen decreased anaerobic glycolysis, and mixtures of oxygen, 5% CO
2
plus oxygen, 5% CO
2
plus air, and hyperventilation all showed that cerebral vascular reactivity is reduced in cerebrovascular disease. Nevertheless, inhalation of 5% mixtures of CO
2
in air or oxygen significantly increased cerebral blood flow. Inhalation of 5% CO
2
plus oxygen significantly increased cerebral oxygen consumption in cerebrovascular disease within 10 minutes of its institution. The depression of cerebral glucose metabolism and oxygen consumption appears to be amenable to rapid improvement in some subjects with stroke. Intravenous administration of nylidrin hydrochloride decreased cerebral vascular resistance but did not increase cerebral blood flow or metabolism, presumably by autoregulation. Intravenous injection of 100 ml of low molecular-weight dextran increased cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption but not to the level of statistical significance. A case of brain-stem ischemia showed a large increase of cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism, and glucose consumption after surgical reconstruction of the left vertebral artery accompanied by clinical recovery.
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1097
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Symbas PN, Abbott OA, Leonard J. The effects of artificial ventilation on cerebrospinal fluid pressure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(19)43125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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1098
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1099
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Rengachery SS, Roth DA, Andrew NW, Mark VH. Alteration of the blood-brain barrier with hyperventilation. J Neurosurg 1967; 26:614-8. [PMID: 6027446 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1967.26.6.0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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1100
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