1101
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Larsen R, Gouveia Z, Soares MP, Gozzelino R. Heme cytotoxicity and the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:77. [PMID: 22586395 PMCID: PMC3343703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin IX, functions as a prosthetic group in a range of hemoproteins essential to support life under aerobic conditions. The Fe contained within the prosthetic heme groups of these hemoproteins can catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species. Presumably for this reason, heme must be sequestered within those hemoproteins, thereby shielding the reactivity of its Fe-heme. However, under pathologic conditions associated with oxidative stress, some hemoproteins can release their prosthetic heme groups. While this heme is not necessarily damaging per se, it becomes highly cytotoxic in the presence of a range of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor. This can lead to tissue damage and, as such, exacerbate the pathologic outcome of several immune-mediated inflammatory conditions. Presumably, targeting “free heme” may be used as a therapeutic intervention against these diseases.
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1102
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Ohta S. Molecular hydrogen is a novel antioxidant to efficiently reduce oxidative stress with potential for the improvement of mitochondrial diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:586-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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1103
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Murray TS, Okegbe C, Gao Y, Kazmierczak BI, Motterlini R, Dietrich LEP, Bruscia EM. The carbon monoxide releasing molecule CORM-2 attenuates Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35499. [PMID: 22563385 PMCID: PMC3338523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections resulting from biofilm formation are difficult to eradicate with current antimicrobial agents and consequently new therapies are needed. This work demonstrates that the carbon monoxide-releasing molecule CORM-2, previously shown to kill planktonic bacteria, also attenuates surface-associated growth of the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa by both preventing biofilm maturation and killing bacteria within the established biofilm. CORM-2 treatment has an additive effect when combined with tobramycin, a drug commonly used to treat P. aeruginosa lung infections. CORM-2 inhibited biofilm formation and planktonic growth of the majority of clinical P. aeruginosa isolates tested, for both mucoid and non-mucoid strains. While CORM-2 treatment increased the production of reactive oxygen species by P. aeruginosa biofilms, this increase did not correlate with bacterial death. These data demonstrate that CO-RMs possess potential novel therapeutic properties against a subset of P. aeruginosa biofilm related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Murray
- Departments of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Chinweike Okegbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yuan Gao
- Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Barbara I. Kazmierczak
- Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Lars E. P. Dietrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emanuela M. Bruscia
- Departments of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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1104
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Althaus M. Gasotransmitters: novel regulators of epithelial na(+) transport? Front Physiol 2012; 3:83. [PMID: 22509167 PMCID: PMC3321473 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vectorial transport of Na(+) across epithelia is crucial for the maintenance of Na(+) and water homeostasis in organs such as the kidneys, lung, or intestine. Dysregulated Na(+) transport processes are associated with various human diseases such as hypertension, the salt-wasting syndrome pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, pulmonary edema, cystic fibrosis, or intestinal disorders, which indicate that a precise regulation of epithelial Na(+) transport is essential. Novel regulatory signaling molecules are gasotransmitters. There are currently three known gasotransmitters: nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S). These molecules are endogenously produced in mammalian cells by specific enzymes and have been shown to regulate various physiological processes. There is a growing body of evidence which indicates that gasotransmitters may also regulate Na(+) transport across epithelia. This review will summarize the available data concerning NO, CO, and H(2)S dependent regulation of epithelial Na(+) transport processes and will discuss whether or not these mediators can be considered as true physiological regulators of epithelial Na(+) transport biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Althaus
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen Giessen, Germany
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1105
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Abstract
Mitochondria present two key roles on cellular functioning: (i) cell metabolism, being the main cellular source of energy and (ii) modulation of cell death, by mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gaseoustransmitter, which presents several biological functions and is involved in maintaining cell homeostasis and cytoprotection. Herein, mitochondrion is approached as the main cellular target of carbon monoxide (CO). In this paper, two main perspectives concerning CO modulation of mitochondrial functioning are evaluated. First, the role of CO on cellular metabolism, in particular oxidative phosphorylation, is discussed, namely, on: cytochrome c oxidase activity, mitochondrial respiration, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial biogenesis, and general cellular energetic status. Second, the mitochondrial pathways involved in cell death inhibition by CO are assessed, in particular the control of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization.
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1106
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Gullotta F, di Masi A, Ascenzi P. Carbon monoxide: an unusual drug. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:378-86. [PMID: 22431507 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The highly toxic gas carbon monoxide (CO) displays many physiological roles in several organs and tissues. Although many diseases, including cancer, hematological diseases, hypertension, heart failure, inflammation, sepsis, neurodegeneration, and sleep disorders, have been linked to abnormal endogenous CO metabolism and functions, CO administration has therapeutic potential in inflammation, sepsis, lung injury, cardiovascular diseases, transplantation, and cancer. Here, insights into the CO-based therapy, characterized by the induction or gene transfer of heme oxygenase-1 and either gas or CO-releasing molecule administration, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gullotta
- Department of Biology and Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, University Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
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1107
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Glans L, Hu W, Jöst C, de Kock C, Smith PJ, Haukka M, Bruhn H, Schatzschneider U, Nordlander E. Synthesis and biological activity of cymantrene and cyrhetrene 4-aminoquinoline conjugates against malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6443-50. [PMID: 22421887 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic analogues of chloroquine show promise as new antimalarial agents capable of overcoming resistance to the parent drug chloroquine. Here, the synthesis and characterization of three new cymantrene (CpMn(CO)(3)) and cyrhetrene (CpRe(CO)(3)) 4-aminoquinoline conjugates with either an amine or amide linker are reported. The antimalarial activity of the new organometallic conjugates N-(2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylamino)ethyl)-4-cymantrenylbutanamide (3), N-(2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylamino)ethyl)-4-cyrhetrenylbutanamide (4) and N-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N'-(cymantrenylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (6) was evaluated against a chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) and a chloroquine-resistant strain (CQR) of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The cymantrene complex with an amine linker (6) showed good activity against the CQS strain but was inactive against the CQR strain. In contrast, cymantrene and cyrhetrene compounds with an amide linker were active against both the CQS and the CQR strain. In addition, the antibacterial, anti-trypanosomal and anti-leishmanial activity of the compounds was evaluated. Compound 6 showed submicromolar activity against Trypanosoma brucei at a concentration where the toxicity to normal human cells is low. No significant effect was noticed on the exchange of manganese for rhenium in the CpM(CO)(3) moiety in any of the biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Glans
- Chemical Physics, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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1108
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King JT, Ross MR, Kubarych KJ. Water-Assisted Vibrational Relaxation of a Metal Carbonyl Complex Studied with Ultrafast 2D-IR. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3754-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2125747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John T. King
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, United States
| | - Matthew R. Ross
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, United States
| | - Kevin J. Kubarych
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, United States
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1109
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CORM-3, a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, alters the inflammatory response and reduces brain damage in a rat model of hemorrhagic stroke. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:544-52. [PMID: 21926571 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31822f0d64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage is accompanied by a pronounced inflammatory response that mediates brain damage but is also essential for the tissue reparative process. We assessed the effect of CORM-3, a water-soluble carbon monoxide-releasing molecule possessing anti-inflammatory properties, on inflammation and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. DESIGN In vivo and in vitro laboratory study. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 250-350 g. INTERVENTIONS A model of collagenase injection (2 μL) in the brain was established to induce intracerebral hemorrhage. CORM-3 (4 or 8 mg/kg) was administered intravenously at different times as follows: 1) 5 mins before collagenase; 2) 3 hrs after collagenase; and 3) 3 days after collagenase challenge. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Saline was used as a negative control. Brain damage, brain water content, and behavioral assessment were evaluated. The inflammatory response was determined at set intervals after intracerebral hemorrhage by counting peripheral neutrophils and lymphocytes, neutrophils, and activated microglia/macrophages in the intracerebral hemorrhage area and measuring plasma tumor necrosis factor-á levels. BV2 microglia and DI-TNC1 astrocytes were exposed to triton (1%) or CORM-3 (10-100 ìM) and cytotoxicity (lactic dehydrogenase assay) measured at 24 hrs. A challenge with collagenase to induce intracerebral hemorrhage caused marked brain damage and modified the levels of inflammatory markers. Pretreatment with CORM-3 significantly prevented injury, modulated inflammation, and reduced plasma tumor necrosis factor-α. CORM-3 given 3 hrs after collagenase significantly increased brain injury and tumor necrosis factor-α production. In contrast, CORM-3 given 3 days after collagenase afforded partial protection, modulated inflammation, and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α starting from the day of application. No dose-dependent effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS CORM-3 promotes neuroprotection or neurotoxicity after intracerebral hemorrhage depending on the time of administration. Beneficial effects are achieved when CORM-3 is given either before or 3 days after intracerebral hemorrhage, namely, as a prophylactic agent or during the postacute inflammatory phase.
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1110
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Fagone P, Mangano K, Coco M, Perciavalle V, Garotta G, Romao CC, Nicoletti F. Therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide in multiple sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 167:179-87. [PMID: 22235993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced during the catabolism of free haem, catalyzed by haem oxygenase (HO) enzymes, and its physiological roles include vasodilation, neurotransmission, inhibition of platelet aggregation and anti-proliferative effects on smooth muscle. In vivo preclinical studies have shown that exogenously administered quantities of CO may represent an effective treatment for conditions characterized by a dysregulated immune response. The carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) represent a group of compounds capable of carrying and liberating controlled quantities of CO in the cellular systems. This review covers the physiological and anti-inflammatory properties of the HO/CO pathway in the central nervous system. It also discusses the effects of CORMs in preclinical models of inflammation. The accumulating data discussed herein support the possibility that CORMs may represent a novel class of drugs with disease-modifying properties in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fagone
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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1111
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Allan PK, Wheatley PS, Aldous D, Mohideen MI, Tang C, Hriljac JA, Megson IL, Chapman KW, De Weireld G, Vaesen S, Morris RE. Metal-organic frameworks for the storage and delivery of biologically active hydrogen sulfide. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:4060-6. [PMID: 22378060 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is an extremely toxic gas that is also of great interest for biological applications when delivered in the correct amount and at the desired rate. Here we show that the highly porous metal-organic frameworks with the CPO-27 structure can bind the hydrogen sulfide relatively strongly, allowing the storage of the gas for at least several months. Delivered gas is biologically active in preliminary vasodilation studies of porcine arteries, and the structure of the hydrogen sulfide molecules inside the framework has been elucidated using a combination of powder X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe K Allan
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
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1112
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Chlopicki S, Lomnicka M, Fedorowicz A, Grochal E, Kramkowski K, Mogielnicki A, Buczko W, Motterlini R. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs): comparison with NO donors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:641-50. [PMID: 22362133 PMCID: PMC3349871 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) and CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro. Herein, we compare the anti-platelet action of CORM-3, which releases CO rapidly (t½ 1 min), and CORM-A1, which slowly releases CO (t½ = 21 min). The anti-platelet effects of NO donors with various kinetics of NO release were studied for comparison. The effects of CO-RMs and NO donors were analyzed in washed human platelets (WP), platelets rich plasma (PRP), or whole blood (WB) using aggregometry technique. CORM-3 and CORM-A1 inhibited platelet aggregation in human PRP, WP, or WB, in a concentration-dependent manner. In all three preparations, CORM-A1 was more potent than CORM-3. Inhibition of platelets aggregation by CORM-A1 was not significantly affected by a guanylate cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) and a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil. In contrast, inhibition of platelet aggregation by NO donors was more potent with a fast NO releaser (DEA-NO, t½ = 2 min) than slow NO releasers such as PAPA-NO (t½ = 15 min) or other slow NO donors. Predictably, the anti-platelet effect of DEA-NO and other NO donors was reversed by ODQ while potentiated by sildenafil. In contrast to NO donors which inhibit platelets proportionally to the kinetics of NO released via activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), the slow CO-releaser CORM-A1 is a superior anti-platelet agent as compared to CORM-3 which releases CO instantly. The anti-platelet action of CO-RMs does not involve sGC activation. Importantly, CORM-A1 or its derivatives representing the class of slow CO releasers display promising pharmacological profile as anti-platelet agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Chlopicki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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1113
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The potential of organometallic complexes in medicinal chemistry. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:84-91. [PMID: 22366385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic complexes have unique physico-chemical properties, which have been widely used in homogenous catalysis, for example, for the synthesis of lead compounds and drug candidates. Over the past two decades, a few scientists from all over the world have extended the use of the specific characteristics of these compounds (e.g. structural diversity, possibility of ligand exchange, redox and catalytic properties) for medicinal purposes. The results are stunning. A few organometallic compounds have already entered clinical trials and it can be anticipated that several more will follow in coming years. In this short review, we present the specific advantages that organometallic metal complexes have over purely organic and also coordination compounds. Furthermore, using specific examples, we illustrate how these particular properties can be put to good use in medicinal chemistry. The examples we present have an emphasis on, but are not restricted to, anti-cancer activity.
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1114
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Romão CC, Blättler WA, Seixas JD, Bernardes GJL. Developing drug molecules for therapy with carbon monoxide. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3571-83. [PMID: 22349541 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of Carbon Monoxide (CO) as a therapeutic agent has already been tested in human clinical trials. Pre-clinically, CO gas administration proved beneficial in animal models of various human diseases. However, the use of gaseous CO faces serious obstacles not the least being its well-known toxicity. To fully realise the promise of CO as a therapeutic agent, it is key to find novel avenues for CO delivery to diseased tissues in need of treatment, without concomitant formation of elevated, toxic blood levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) have the potential to constitute safe treatments if CO release in vivo can be controlled in a spatial and temporal manner. It has already been demonstrated in animals that CO-RMs can release CO and mimic the therapeutic effects of gaseous CO. While demonstrating the principle of treatment with CO-RMs, these first generation compounds are not suitable for human use. This tutorial review summarises the biological and chemical behaviour of CO, the current status of CO-RM development, and derives principles for the creation of the next generation of CO-RMs for clinical applications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos C Romão
- Alfama Lda., Taguspark, núcleo central 267, 2740-122 Porto Salvo, Portugal.
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1115
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Almeida AS, Queiroga CSF, Sousa MFQ, Alves PM, Vieira HLA. Carbon monoxide modulates apoptosis by reinforcing oxidative metabolism in astrocytes: role of Bcl-2. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10761-70. [PMID: 22334654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.306738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of cerebral cell metabolism for improving the outcome of hypoxia-ischemia and reperfusion is a strategy yet to be explored. Because carbon monoxide (CO) is known to prevent cerebral cell death; herein the role of CO in the modulation of astrocytic metabolism, in particular, at the level of mitochondria was investigated. Low concentrations of CO partially inhibited oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in astrocytes, by preventing caspase-3 activation, mitochondrial potential depolarization, and plasmatic membrane permeability. CO exposure enhanced intracellular ATP generation, which was accompanied by an increase on specific oxygen consumption, a decrease on lactate production, and a reduction of glucose use, indicating an improvement of oxidative phosphorylation. Accordingly, CO increased cytochrome c oxidase (COX) enzymatic specific activity and stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis. In astrocytes, COX interacts with Bcl-2, which was verified by immunoprecipitation; this interaction is superior after 24 h of CO treatment. Furthermore, CO enhanced Bcl-2 expression in astrocytes. By silencing Bcl-2 expression with siRNA transfection, CO effects in astrocytes were prevented, namely: (i) inhibition of apoptosis, (ii) increase on ATP generation, (iii) stimulation of COX activity, and (iv) mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, Bcl-2 expression is crucial for CO modulation of oxidative metabolism and for conferring cytoprotection. In conclusion, CO protects astrocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by improving metabolism functioning, particularly mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Almeida
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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1116
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Therapeutic potential of heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide in lung disease. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:859235. [PMID: 22518295 PMCID: PMC3296197 DOI: 10.1155/2012/859235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO), a catabolic enzyme, provides the rate-limiting step in the oxidative breakdown of heme, to generate carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin-IXα. Induction of the inducible form, HO-1, in tissues is generally regarded as a protective mechanism. Over the last decade, considerable progress has been made in defining the therapeutic potential of HO-1 in a number of preclinical models of lung tissue injury and disease. Likewise, tissue-protective effects of CO, when applied at low concentration, have been observed in many of these models. Recent studies have expanded this concept to include chemical CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). Collectively, salutary effects of the HO-1/CO system have been demonstrated in lung inflammation/acute lung injury, lung and vascular transplantation, sepsis, and pulmonary hypertension models. The beneficial effects of HO-1/CO are conveyed in part through the inhibition or modulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and proliferative processes. Recent advances, however, suggest that the regulation of autophagy and the preservation of mitochondrial homeostasis may serve as additional candidate mechanisms. Further preclinical and clinical trials are needed to ascertain the therapeutic potential of HO-1/CO in human clinical disease.
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1117
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Peers C, Steele DS. Carbon monoxide: a vital signalling molecule and potent toxin in the myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 52:359-65. [PMID: 21640728 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) is generated through the heme oxygenase-catalysed degradation of heme and is now established as an important, biologically active molecule capable of modulating a number of signalling pathways. Such pathways include those involving nitric oxide/guanylate cyclase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MAP kinases. In the heart, up-regulation of the inducible form of heme oxygenase (HO-1) following stresses such as ischemia/reperfusion provides cardioprotection, and much evidence indicates that CO accounts for many of these beneficial effects. One target of CO appears to be the L-type Ca(2+) channel; CO inhibits recombinant and native forms of this cardiac channel via mitochondria-derived ROS, which likely contributes to the protective effects of CO. In stark contrast, exposure to exogenous CO is toxic: chronic, low-level exposure can lead to myocardial injury and fibrosis, whereas acute exposure is associated with life-threatening arrhythmias. The molecular mechanisms accounting for such effects remain to be elucidated, but require future study before the potentially beneficial effects of CO therapy can be safely exploited. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Local Signaling in Myocytes".
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Peers
- Faculties of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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1118
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Velásquez VPL, Jazzazi TMA, Malassa A, Görls H, Gessner G, Heinemann SH, Westerhausen M. Derivatives of Photosensitive CORM-S1 - CO Complexes of Iron and Ruthenium with the (OC)2M(S-C-C-NH2)2 Fragment. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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1119
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Marazioti A, Bucci M, Coletta C, Vellecco V, Baskaran P, Szabó C, Cirino G, Marques AR, Guerreiro B, Gonçalves AML, Seixas JD, Beuve A, Romão CC, Papapetropoulos A. Inhibition of nitric oxide-stimulated vasorelaxation by carbon monoxide-releasing molecules. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 31:2570-6. [PMID: 21836072 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.229039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbon monoxide (CO) is a weak soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulator, leading to transient increases in cGMP and vasodilation. The aim of the present work was to measure the effect of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) on the cGMP/nitric oxide (NO) pathway and to evaluate how selected CORMs affect NO-induced vasorelaxation. METHODS AND RESULTS Incubation of smooth muscle cells with some but not all of the CORMs caused a minor increase in cGMP levels. Concentration-response curves were bell-shaped, with higher CORMs concentrations producing lower increases in cGMP levels. Although exposure of cells to CORM-2 enhanced cGMP formation, we observed that the compound inhibited NO-stimulated cGMP accumulation in cells and NO-stimulated soluble guanylyl cyclase activity that could be reversed by superoxide anion scavengers. Reactive oxygen species generation from CORMs was confirmed using luminol-induced chemiluminescence and electron spin resonance. Furthermore, we observed that NO is scavenged by CORM-2. When used alone CORM-2 relaxed vessels through a cGMP-mediated pathway but attenuated NO donor-stimulated vasorelaxation. CONCLUSION We conclude that the CORMs examined have context-dependent effects on vessel tone, as they can directly dilate blood vessels, but also block NO-induced vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Marazioti
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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1120
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Desmard M, Foresti R, Morin D, Dagouassat M, Berdeaux A, Denamur E, Crook SH, Mann BE, Scapens D, Montravers P, Boczkowski J, Motterlini R, Motterlini R. Differential antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by carbon monoxide-releasing molecules. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:153-63. [PMID: 21864022 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Carbon monoxide (CO) delivered in a controlled manner to cells and organisms mediates a variety of pharmacological effects to the extent that CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) are being developed for therapeutic purposes. Recently, ruthenium-based CO-RMs have been shown to posses important bactericidal activity. Here we assessed the effect of fast CO releasers containing ruthenium (Ru(CO)(3)Cl(glycinate) [CORM-3] and tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer [CORM-2]) and a novel slow manganese-based CO releaser ([Me(4)N][Mn(CO)(4)(thioacetate)(2)] [CORM-371]) on O(2) consumption and growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). We then compared these effects with the action elicited by sodium boranocarbonate (CORM-A1), which lacks a transition metal but liberates CO with a rate similar to CORM-371. RESULTS CORM-2, CORM-3, and, to a lesser extent, CORM-371 exerted a significant bactericidal effect and decreased O(2) consumption in PAO1 in vitro. The effect appeared to be independent of reactive oxygen species production, but in the case of metal-containing compounds it was prevented by the thiol donor N-acetylcysteine. In contrast, CORM-A1 was bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal in vitro eliciting only a moderate and transient decrease in O(2) consumption. INNOVATION None of the tested CO-RMs was toxic to murine macrophages or human fibroblasts at the concentration impairing PA01 growth but only ruthenium-containing CO-RMs showed potential therapeutic properties by increasing the survival of mice infected with PA01. CONCLUSION CO carriers inhibit bacterial growth and O(2) consumption in vitro, but transition metal carbonyls appear more powerful than compounds spontaneously liberating CO. The nature of the metal in CO-RMs also modulates the anti-bacterial effect, with ruthenium-based CO-RMs being efficacious both in vitro and in vivo.
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1121
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Fazekas AS, Wewalka M, Zauner C, Funk GC. Carboxyhemoglobin levels in medical intensive care patients: a retrospective, observational study. Crit Care 2012; 16:R6. [PMID: 22236404 PMCID: PMC3396235 DOI: 10.1186/cc11138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Critical illness leads to increased endogenous production of carbon monoxide (CO) due to the induction of the stress-response enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). There is evidence for the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of CO based on animal studies. In critically ill patients after cardiothoracic surgery, low minimum and high maximum carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels were shown to be associated with increased mortality, which suggests that there is an 'optimal range' for HO-1 activity. Our study aimed to test whether this relationship between COHb and outcome exists in non-surgical ICU patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective, observational study in a medical ICU at a university hospital in Vienna, Austria involving 868 critically ill patients. No interventions were undertaken. Arterial COHb was measured on admission and during the course of treatment in the ICU. The association between arterial COHb levels and ICU mortality was evaluated using bivariate tests and a logistic regression model. Results Minimum COHb levels were slightly lower in non-survivors compared to survivors (0.9%, 0.7% to 1.2% versus 1.2%, 0.9% to 1.5%; P = 0.0001), and the average COHb levels were marginally lower in non-survivors compared to survivors (1.5%, 1.2% to 1.8% versus 1.6%, 1.4% to 1.9%, P = 0.003). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the association between a low minimum COHb level and increased mortality was independent of the severity of illness and the type of organ failure. Conclusions Critically ill patients surviving the admission to a medical ICU had slightly higher minimum and marginally higher average COHb levels when compared to non-survivors. Even though the observed differences are statistically significant, the minute margins would not qualify COHb as a predictive marker for ICU mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S Fazekas
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Otto Wagner Hospital, Sanatoriumstrasse 2, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
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1122
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Romanski S, Neudörfl JM, Schmalz HG. (RS)-Tricarbon-yl(η-1,3-diacet-oxy-5,5-dimethyl-cyclo-hexa-1,3-diene)iron(0). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 67:m1530. [PMID: 22219776 PMCID: PMC3246956 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811041298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, [Fe(C(12)H(16)O(4))(CO)(3)], the diene moiety of the mol-ecule is virtually planar, with a C-C-C-C torsion angle of -1.4 (2)°. The six-membered ring exhibits a boat conformation, with torsion angles of 46.2 (2) and 46.5 (3)° for a double-bond and the two attached Csp(3) atoms. The Fe atom is coordinated to all four of the diene C atoms, with bond lengths between 2.041 (2) and 2.117 (2) Å. The Fe(CO)(3) tripod adopts a conformation with one CO ligand eclipsing the Csp(3)-Csp(3) single bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Romanski
- Department für Chemie der Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
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1123
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Ward JS, Lynam JM, Moir JWB, Sanin DE, Mountford AP, Fairlamb IJS. A therapeutically viable photo-activated manganese-based CO-releasing molecule (photo-CO-RM). Dalton Trans 2012; 41:10514-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31588b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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1124
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Rochette L, Vergely C, Rochette F, Girard C. Carbon monoxide: a new pharmaceutical agent? MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-011-0430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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1125
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Romanski S, Kraus B, Guttentag M, Schlundt W, Rücker H, Adler A, Neudörfl JM, Alberto R, Amslinger S, Schmalz HG. Acyloxybutadiene tricarbonyl iron complexes as enzyme-triggered CO-releasing molecules (ET-CORMs): a structure–activity relationship study. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:13862-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30662j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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1126
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Sher EA, Shaklai M, Shaklai N. Interaction of CORM-2 with hydrophobic sites: Beyond CO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2012.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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1127
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Bohlender C, Wolfram M, Goerls H, Imhof W, Menzel R, Baumgaertel A, Schubert US, Mueller U, Frigge M, Schnabelrauch M, Wyrwa R, Schiller A. Light-triggered NO release from a nanofibrous non-woven. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15410b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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1128
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Noffke AL, Habtemariam A, Pizarro AM, Sadler PJ. Designing organometallic compounds for catalysis and therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5219-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30678f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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1129
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Oresmaa L, Tarvainen H, Kolari K, Haukka M. Ruthenium imidazole oxime carbonyls and their activities as CO-releasing molecules. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:11170-11175. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31002c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six ruthenium carbonyl complexes with imidazole and alkoxy carbonyl ligands were prepared and found to act as carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Oresmaa
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Eastern Finland
- FI-80101 Joensuu
- Finland
| | - Heli Tarvainen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Eastern Finland
- FI-80101 Joensuu
- Finland
| | - Kalle Kolari
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Eastern Finland
- FI-80101 Joensuu
- Finland
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Eastern Finland
- FI-80101 Joensuu
- Finland
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1130
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Matson JB, Webber MJ, Tamboli VK, Weber B, Stupp SI. A Peptide-Based Material for Therapeutic Carbon Monoxide Delivery. SOFT MATTER 2012; 8:2689-2692. [PMID: 22707978 PMCID: PMC3374652 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm25785h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the preparation of the first material for therapeutic delivery of CO. A peptide amphiphile was synthesized with a covalently attached ruthenium tricarbonyl. Self-assembled nanofiber gels containing this peptide spontaneously released CO with prolonged release kinetics compared to soluble CO donors. Oxidatively stressed cardiomyocytes had improved viability when treated with this peptide, demonstrating its potential as a biodegradable gel for localized therapeutic CO delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. Matson
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. Fax: (+312) 503-2482; Tel: (+312) 503-6713
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vibha K. Tamboli
- Master of Biotechnology Program, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Benjamin Weber
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. Fax: (+312) 503-2482; Tel: (+312) 503-6713
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. Fax: (+312) 503-2482; Tel: (+312) 503-6713
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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1131
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Burks PT, Ford PC. Quantum dot photosensitizers. Interactions with transition metal centers. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:13030-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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1132
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Berends HM, Kurz P. Investigation of light-triggered carbon monoxide release from two manganese photoCORMs by IR, UV–Vis and EPR spectroscopy. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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1133
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Gullotta F, di Masi A, Coletta M, Ascenzi P. CO metabolism, sensing, and signaling. Biofactors 2012; 38:1-13. [PMID: 22213392 DOI: 10.1002/biof.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CO is a colorless and odorless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons, both of natural and anthropogenic origin. Several microorganisms, including aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and anaerobic archaea, use exogenous CO as a source of carbon and energy for growth. On the other hand, eukaryotic organisms use endogenous CO, produced during heme degradation, as a neurotransmitter and as a signal molecule. CO sensors act as signal transducers by coupling a "regulatory" heme-binding domain to a "functional" signal transmitter. Although high CO concentrations inhibit generally heme-protein actions, low CO levels can influence several signaling pathways, including those regulated by soluble guanylate cyclase and/or mitogen-activated protein kinases. This review summarizes recent insights into CO metabolism, sensing, and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gullotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
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1134
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Kim HJ, Zheng M, Kim SK, Cho JJ, Shin CH, Joe Y, Chung HT. CO/HO-1 Induces NQO-1 Expression via Nrf2 Activation. Immune Netw 2011; 11:376-82. [PMID: 22346778 PMCID: PMC3275707 DOI: 10.4110/in.2011.11.6.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon monoxide (CO) is a cytoprotective and homeostatic molecule with important signaling capabilities in physiological and pathophysiological situations. CO protects cells/tissues from damage by free radicals or oxidative stress. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) is a highly inducible enzyme that is regulated by the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, which is central to efficient detoxification of reactive metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods We generated NQO1 promoter construct. HepG2 cells were treated with CO Releasing Molecules-2 (CORM-2) or CO gas and the gene expressions were measured by RT-PCR, immunoblot, and luciferase assays. Results CO induced expression of NQO1 in human hepatocarcinoma cell lines by activation of Nrf2. Exposure of HepG2 cells to CO resulted in significant induction of NQO1 in dose- and time-dependent manners. Analysis of the NQO1 promoter indicated that an antioxidant responsible element (ARE)-containing region was critical for the CO-induced Nrf2-dependent increase of NQO1 gene expression in HepG2 cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that CO-induced Nrf2 increases the expression of NQO1 which is well known to detoxify reactive metabolites and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
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1135
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Mohr F, Niesel J, Schatzschneider U, Lehmann CW. Synthesis, Structures, and CO Releasing Properties of two Tricarbonyl Manganese(I) Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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1136
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A novel carbon monoxide-releasing molecule fully protects mice from severe malaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 56:1281-90. [PMID: 22155828 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05571-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe forms of malaria infection, such as cerebral malaria (CM) and acute lung injury (ALI), are mainly caused by the apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Primary therapy with quinine or artemisinin derivatives is generally effective in controlling P. falciparum parasitemia, but mortality from CM and other forms of severe malaria remains unacceptably high. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CO-RM; ALF492) that fully protects mice against experimental CM (ECM) and ALI. ALF492 enables controlled CO delivery in vivo without affecting oxygen transport by hemoglobin, the major limitation in CO inhalation therapy. The protective effect is CO dependent and induces the expression of heme oxygenase-1, which contributes to the observed protection. Importantly, when used in combination with the antimalarial drug artesunate, ALF492 is an effective adjunctive and adjuvant treatment for ECM, conferring protection after the onset of severe disease. This study paves the way for the potential use of CO-RMs, such as ALF492, as adjunctive/adjuvant treatment in severe forms of malaria infection.
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1137
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Decaluwé K, Pauwels B, Verpoest S, Van de Voorde J. Divergent mechanisms involved in CO and CORM-2 induced vasorelaxation. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 674:370-7. [PMID: 22108549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) may play an important physiological role in regulation of the vascular tone. CO-releasing molecule (CORM-2) is frequently used as a CO-donor to evaluate (patho)physiological properties of CO and its potential therapeutic applications. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the vasodilatory properties of CORM-2 as this has not yet been extensively explored. Isometric tension recordings were performed using mice and rat isolated aortic ring segments as well as mice femoral artery ring segments. Responses to CO (10 μmol/l-300 μmol/l) and CORM-2 (30 μmol/l-600 μmol/l) were evaluated in the presence/absence of activators/inhibitors of different molecular pathways. CO was unable to relax mice blood vessels, whereas it induced concentration-dependent relaxations in rat aorta. The response to CO was inhibited by both the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor ODQ (10 μmol/l) and potassium (K(+)) channel blocker tetraethyl-ammonium chloride (3 mmol/l). CORM-2 relaxed both mice and rat isolated blood vessels in a concentration-dependent manner, however this response was only partially blocked by ODQ and tetraethyl-ammonium chloride. Interestingly, 4-aminopyridine (3 mmol/l) inhibited the CORM-2 induced vasodilatation whereas iberiotoxin (100 nmol/l) had no influence. The molecular mechanisms underlying CORM-2 induced relaxation differ from those of CO-induced relaxation. While CO relaxes vessels through activation of sGC and/or calcium-activated K(+)-channels, CORM-2 exerts its vasodilatory properties only partially through sGC or K(+)-channels activation. CORM-2 induced vasodilatation seems to involve voltage-dependent rather than calcium-activated K(+)-channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Decaluwé
- Department of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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1138
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Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion-elicited tissue injury contributes to morbidity and mortality in a wide range of pathologies, including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute kidney injury, trauma, circulatory arrest, sickle cell disease and sleep apnea. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is also a major challenge during organ transplantation and cardiothoracic, vascular and general surgery. An imbalance in metabolic supply and demand within the ischemic organ results in profound tissue hypoxia and microvascular dysfunction. Subsequent reperfusion further enhances the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses and cell death programs. Recent advances in understanding the molecular and immunological consequences of ischemia and reperfusion may lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for treating patients with ischemia and reperfusion-associated tissue inflammation and organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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1139
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Marhenke J, Pierri AE, Lomotan M, Damon PL, Ford PC, Works C. Flash and Continuous Photolysis Kinetic Studies of the Iron–Iron Hydrogenase Model (μ-pdt)[Fe(CO)3]2 in Different Solvents. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:11850-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201523r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Marhenke
- Department of Physical
Sciences, Butte College, Oroville,
California 95965, United States
| | - Agustin E. Pierri
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510,
United States
| | - Melanie Lomotan
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park,
California 94928-3609, United States
| | - Peter L. Damon
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park,
California 94928-3609, United States
| | - Peter C. Ford
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510,
United States
| | - Carmen Works
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park,
California 94928-3609, United States
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1140
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Ozaki KS, Kimura S, Murase N. Use of carbon monoxide in minimizing ischemia/reperfusion injury in transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2011; 26:125-39. [PMID: 22000659 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although carbon monoxide (CO) is known to be toxic because of its ability to interfere with oxygen delivery at high concentrations, mammalian cells endogenously generate CO primarily via the catalysis of heme by heme oxygenases. Recent findings have indicated that heme oxygenases and generation of CO serve as a key mechanism to maintain the integrity of the physiological function of organs and supported the development of a new paradigm that CO, at low concentrations, functions as a signaling molecule in the body and exerts significant cytoprotection. Consequently, exogenously delivered CO has been shown to mediate potent protection in various injury models through its anti-inflammatory, vasodilating, and antiapoptotic functions. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with organ transplantation is one of the major deleterious factors limiting the success of transplantation. Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a complex cascade of interconnected events involving cell damage, apoptosis, vigorous inflammatory responses, microcirculation disturbance, and thrombogenesis. Carbon monoxide has a great potential in minimizing I/R injury. This review will provide an overview of the basic physiology of CO, preclinical studies examining efficacy of CO in I/R injury models, and possible protective mechanisms. Carbon monoxide could be developed to be a valuable therapeutic molecule in minimizing I/R injury in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikumi S Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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1141
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Schallner N, Schwemmers S, Schwer CI, Froehlich C, Stoll P, Humar M, Pahl HL, Hoetzel A, Loop T, Goebel U. p38β-regulated induction of the heat shock response by carbon monoxide releasing molecule CORM-2 mediates cytoprotection in lung cells in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:58-66. [PMID: 21925493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The carbon monoxide releasing molecule tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (CORM-2) displays protective actions like carbon monoxide. The molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains controversial. We hypothesized that CORM-2 mediates cytoprotection via induction of heat shock proteins through activation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase. Embryonic bovine lung cells were incubated with CORM-2. Apoptosis was induced by staurosporine and analyzed by flow cytometry following annexin-V staining, caspase-3 activity assay, and by Western Blot for caspase-3 cleavage. Heat shock response was assessed by DNA-binding activity of heat shock factor 1 and by reporter gene activity. Cells were transfected with siRNA targeting p38 isoforms. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and post-hoc Holm-Sidak test. CORM-2 inhibited staurosporine-induced apoptosis (% annexin-V positive cells: staurosporine = 60 ± 4% vs. CORM-2 10 μM = 48 ± 4%, CORM-2 25 μM=42 ± 5%, CORM-2 50 μM = 40 ± 4% and CORM-2 100 μM = 38 ± 2%, mean ± S.D., P<0.001; caspase-3 activity: staurosporine=92 ± 15 RFUs vs. CORM-2 50 μM=60 ± 14 RFUs, mean ± S.D. P<0.001). CORM-2 induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, but not of JNK and ERK1/2. CORM-2 induced DNA-binding of heat shock factor 1 and elicited a 4-fold induction of gene activity (P<0.05). Incubation with the Hsp inhibitors KNK437 attenuated and 17-AAG abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of CORM-2 (P<0.001). p38 inhibition and silencing of p38β attenuated the anti-apoptotic effect of CORM-2 (P<0.05), most likely by abolishing CORM-2-induced HSF-1 binding activity. These findings suggest that CORM-2-mediated cytoprotection is caused by induction of the heat shock response and by p38 activation. Furthermore, the p38β isoform activation may represent an upstream mechanism of heat shock response induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
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1142
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Brückmann NE, Wahl M, Reiß GJ, Kohns M, Wätjen W, Kunz PC. Polymer Conjugates of Photoinducible CO-Releasing Molecules. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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1143
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Zobi F, Blacque O, Jacobs RA, Schaub MC, Bogdanova AY. 17 e- rhenium dicarbonyl CO-releasing molecules on a cobalamin scaffold for biological application. Dalton Trans 2011; 41:370-8. [PMID: 21881676 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyanocobalamin (B(12)) offers a biocompatible scaffold for CO-releasing 17-electron dicarbonyl complexes based on the cis-trans-[Re(II)(CO)(2)Br(2)](0) core. A Co-C≡N-Re conjugate is produced in a short time and high yield from the reaction of [Et(4)N](2)[Re(II)Br(4)(CO)(2)] (ReCORM-1) with B(12). The B(12)-Re(II)(CO)(2) derivatives show a number of features which make them pharmaceutically acceptable CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). These cobalamin conjugates are characterized by an improved stability in aqueous aerobic media over the metal complex alone, and afford effective therapeutic protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in cultured cardiomyocytes. The non-toxicity (at μM concentrations) of the resulting metal fragment after CO release is attributed to the oxidation of the metal and formation in solution of the ReO(4)(-) anion, which is among the least toxic of all of the rare inorganic compounds. Theoretical and experimental studies aimed at elucidating the aqueous chemistry of ReCORM-1 are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Zobi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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1144
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Schatzschneider U. PhotoCORMs: Light-triggered release of carbon monoxide from the coordination sphere of transition metal complexes for biological applications. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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1145
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Zenclussen ML, Casalis PA, El-Mousleh T, Rebelo S, Langwisch S, Linzke N, Volk HD, Fest S, Soares MP, Zenclussen AC. Haem oxygenase-1 dictates intrauterine fetal survival in mice via carbon monoxide. J Pathol 2011; 225:293-304. [PMID: 21744344 DOI: 10.1002/path.2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy establishment implies the existence of a highly vascularized and transient organ, the placenta, which ensures oxygen supply to the fetus via haemoproteins. Haem metabolism, including its catabolism by haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), should be of importance in maintaining the homeostasis of haemoproteins and controlling the deleterious effects associated with haem release from maternal or fetal haemoglobins, thus ensuring placental function and fetal development. We demonstrate that HO-1 expression is essential to promote placental function and fetal development, thus determining the success of pregnancy. Hmox1 deletion in mice has pathological consequences for pregnancy, namely suboptimal placentation followed by intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) and fetal lethality. These pathological effects can be mimicked by administration of exogenous haem in wild-type mice. Fetal and maternal HO-1 is required to prevent post-implantation fetal loss through a mechanism that acts independently of maternal adaptive immunity and hormones. The protective HO-1 effects on placentation and fetal growth can be mimicked by the exogenous administration of carbon monoxide (CO), a product of haem catabolism by HO-1 that restores placentation and fetal growth. In a clinical relevant model of IUGR, CO reduces the levels of free haem in circulation and prevents fetal death. We unravel a novel physiological role for HO-1/CO in sustaining pregnancy which aids in understanding the biology of pregnancy and reveals a promising therapeutic application in the treatment of pregnancy pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Zenclussen
- Department of Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Strasse 35, Magdeburg, Germany.
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1146
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Félétou M. The Endothelium, Part I: Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells -- Focus on Endothelium-Derived Vasoactive Mediators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4199/c00031ed1v01y201105isp019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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1147
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1148
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Abstract
Translational research on endogenous gaseous mediators--nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide--has exploded over the past decade. Drugs that modulate either the gaseous mediators themselves or their related intracellular signaling pathways are already in use in the clinics, and still more are being tested in preclinical models and clinical trials. Discussed here are the chemical and pharmacological properties that present challenges for the translation of these potentially toxic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1102, USA.
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1149
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Kuramitsu K, Gallo D, Yoon M, Chin BY, Csizmadia E, Hanto DW, Otterbein LE. Carbon monoxide enhances early liver regeneration in mice after hepatectomy. Hepatology 2011; 53:2016-26. [PMID: 21433045 PMCID: PMC3103654 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte proliferation early after liver resection is critical in restoring liver mass and preserving function as the liver regenerates. Carbon monoxide (CO) generated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) strongly influences cellular proliferation and both HO-1 and CO are accepted hepatoprotective molecules. Mice lacking functional HO-1 were unable to mount an appropriate regenerative response following partial hepatectomy (PHTx) compared to wildtype controls. We therefore hypothesized that exogenous administration of CO at low, nontoxic concentrations would modulate hepatocyte (HC) proliferation and liver regeneration. Animals treated with a low concentration of CO 1 hour prior to 70% hepatectomy demonstrated enhanced expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the liver compared to controls that correlated with a more rapid onset of HC proliferation as measured by phospho-histone3 staining, increased expression of cyclins D1 and E, phosphorylated retinoblastoma, and decreased expression of the mitotic inhibitor p21. PHTx also increased activation of the HGF receptor c-Met, which was detected more then 9 hours earlier in the livers of CO-treated mice. Blockade of c-Met resulted in abrogation of the CO effects on HC proliferation. Corresponding with increased HC proliferation, treatment with CO maintained liver function with normal prothrombin times versus a 2-fold prolongation in controls. In a lethal 85% PHTx, CO-treated mice showed a greater survival rate compared to controls. In vitro, CO increased HGF expression in hepatic stellate cells, but not HC, and when cocultured together led to increased HC proliferation. In summary, we demonstrate that administration of exogenous CO enhances rapid and early HC proliferation and, importantly, preserves function following PHTx. Taken together, CO may offer a viable therapeutic option to facilitate rapid recovery following PHTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kuramitsu
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Gallo
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Myunghee Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Goepel Hospital and Kosin University, Busan, Korea
| | - Beek Y. Chin
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Douglas W. Hanto
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leo E. Otterbein
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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1150
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Towards cytoprotection in the peritransplant period. Semin Immunol 2011; 23:209-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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