1301
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Lian Y, Hardcastle KI, Davies HML. Computationally Guided Stereocontrol of the Combined CH Functionalization/Cope Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1302
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Braga AAC, Caballero A, Urbano J, Diaz-Requejo MM, Pérez PJ, Maseras F. Mechanism of Side Reactions in Alkane CH Bond Functionalization by Diazo Compounds Catalyzed by Ag and Cu Homoscorpionate Complexes-A DFT Study. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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1303
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Zibinsky M, Fokin VV. Reactivity of N-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Org Lett 2011; 13:4870-2. [PMID: 21848347 DOI: 10.1021/ol201949h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetically useful rhodium(II) carbenes were obtained from N-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles and Rh(II) carboxylates. The electron-withdrawing 1,2,4-triazolyl group reveals the heretofore unknown reactivity of nonsulfonyl 1,2,3-triazoles, which exhibit the reactivity of diazo compounds. The resulting carbenes provide ready asymmetric access to secondary homoaminocyclopropanes (80-95% ee, dr >20:1) via reactions with olefins and also engage in efficient transannulation reactions with nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Zibinsky
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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1304
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Ramirez TA, Zhao B, Shi Y. Recent advances in transition metal-catalyzed sp3 C-H amination adjacent to double bonds and carbonyl groups. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:931-42. [PMID: 21842094 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H amination at positions adjacent to double bonds and carbonyl groups is discussed in this critical review. While the focus will center on the recent developments of α-oxidative amination, some historical developments and mutually beneficial reports in the broader field of C-H amination will be discussed. C-H amination has become a viable method for the efficient installation of nitrogen atoms en route to target molecules (89 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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1305
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Long AKM, Timmer GH, Pap JS, Snyder JL, Yu RP, Berry JF. Aryl C–H Amination by Diruthenium Nitrides in the Solid State and in Solution at Room Temperature: Experimental and Computational Study of the Reaction Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13138-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203993p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kae Musch Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - George H. Timmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - József S. Pap
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Jamie Lynn Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Renyuan Pony Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John F. Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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1306
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Kubota A, Sanford MS. Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand-Directed Oxidative Functionalization of Cyclopropanes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2011; 2011:2579-2589. [PMID: 25861123 PMCID: PMC4386895 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1260087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the Pd-catalyzed functionalization of cyclopropanes containing oxazoline, oxime ether, and pyridine directing groups. Three different oxidants were examined in these studies: IOAc, PhI(OAc)2, and benzoquinone. The reactions yielded products derived from 2° sp3 C-H functionalization and/or C-C activation of the cyclopropane ring. The outcome and the product distributions were highly dependent on the structure of the substrate and the nature of the oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Kubota
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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1307
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Abstract
A triple cascade process was developed for the rapid synthesis of polycyclic benzo-fused dihydrofurans. The first step is a rhodium-catalyzed cyclopropanation of α-aryldiazoketones with alkenes. This is followed by a silver-catalyzed ring expansion to dihydrofurans, which then undergo a gold-catalyzed cyclization to form benzo-fused dihydrofurans.
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1308
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Lian Y, Davies HML. Combined C-H functionalization/Cope rearrangement with vinyl ethers as a surrogate for the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11940-3. [PMID: 21739977 DOI: 10.1021/ja2051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl ethers selectively undergo the combined C-H functionalization/Cope rearrangement reaction via an s-cis/boat transition state. With chiral dirhodium catalysts, products are generated in a highly diastereoselective and enantioselective fashion. This reaction can be considered as a surrogate to the traditional vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction. Effective kinetic resolution has been achieved, leading to the recovery of a cyclic vinyl ether with axial chirality of high enantiomeric purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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1309
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Ovalles SR, Hansen JH, Davies HML. Thermally induced cycloadditions of donor/acceptor carbenes. Org Lett 2011; 13:4284-7. [PMID: 21766801 DOI: 10.1021/ol201628d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The thermal decomposition of aryldiazoacetates and aryldiazoketones in the absence of a catalyst leads to synthetically useful transformations. The thermal reaction of aryldiazoacetates with alkenes generates cyclopropanes in 68-97% yield and with good diastereoselectivity (up to 19:1 dr) when the aryl substituent is electron-rich. The thermal reaction of aryldiazoketones with alkenes generated cyclobutanones in 71-94% yield and with good diastereocontrol (≥9:1 dr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Ovalles
- Emory University, Department of Chemistry, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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1310
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Bois JD. Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Amination - An Enabling Method for Chemical Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2011; 15:758-762. [PMID: 21804756 PMCID: PMC3143484 DOI: 10.1021/op200046v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reaction methods for selective C-H amination are finding ever-increasing utility for the preparation of nitrogen-derived fine chemicals. This brief account highlights the remarkable versatility of dirhodium-based catalysts for promoting oxidation of aliphatic C-H centers in both intra- and intermolecular reaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305-5080
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1311
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Xu X, Doyle MP. Enantiomer recognition of amides by dirhodium(II) tetrakis[methyl 2-oxopyrrolidine-5(S)-carboxylate]. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:7610-7. [PMID: 21736309 DOI: 10.1021/ic200609u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Association constants of the chiral dirhodium(II) carboxamidate Rh(2)(5S-MEPY)(4) with Lewis bases including acetonitrile and amides have been determined by UV-vis titration experiments. With chiral lactams and acyclic acetamides in their R- and S-configurations equilibrium constants with chiral dirhodium carboxamidates are measures of chiral differentiation, and equilibrium constant ratios as high as three have been determined. From equilibrium associations with acetamide, N-methylacetamide, and N,N-dimethylacetamide, as well as equilibrium constants for lactams and acyclic amides, higher values occur when both the amide carbonyl oxygen and N-H are bound to Rh(2)(5S-MEPY)(4). This cooperative bonding mode is confirmed by NMR measurements that show a distinctive shift of a N-H absorption, as well as perturbation of the ligands on dirhodium compound, and they suggest N-H association with a ligated oxygen of Rh(2)(5S-MEPY)(4). Measurements were made on the dirhodium(II) compound from which protective axial ligands have been removed to enhance their reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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1312
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Fraile JM, Mayoral JA, Ravasio N, Roldán M, Sordelli L, Zaccheria F. Heterogeneous catalysts for carbene insertion reactions. J Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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1313
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Rix D, Ballesteros-Garrido R, Zeghida W, Besnard C, Lacour J. Macrocyclization of Oxetane Building Blocks with Diazocarbonyl Derivatives under Rhodium(II) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7308-11. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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1314
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Macrocyclization of Oxetane Building Blocks with Diazocarbonyl Derivatives under Rhodium(II) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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1315
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Wang X, Weigl C, Doyle MP. Solvent enhancement of reaction selectivity: a unique property of cationic chiral dirhodium carboxamidates. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9572-9. [PMID: 21591747 PMCID: PMC3116040 DOI: 10.1021/ja202676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrones with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by a cationic chiral dirhodium(II,III) carboxamidate with (R)-menthyl (S)-2-oxopyrrolidine-5-carboxylate ligands in toluene increase reaction rates, give optimum regioselectivities, and enhance stereoselectivities compared to the same reactions performed in traditionally used halocarbon solvents. Rate and enantioselectivity enhancements were also obtained in hetero-Diels-Alder and carbonyl-ene reactions performed in toluene over those obtained in dichloromethane using the diastereomeric chiral cationic dirhodium(II,III) carboxamidate with (S)-menthyl (S)-2-oxopyrrolidine-5-carboxylate ligands. These enhancements are attributed to diminished or absent association of toluene with the catalyst which lessens the relative importance of the uncatalyzed background reaction, and they may also be a consequence of different coordination angles for aldehyde association with rhodium in the different solvent environments. Overall, the enhancement of reaction rates and selectivities with cationic chiral dirhodium(II,III) carboxamidates in toluene suggests broad applications for them in Lewis acid catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Carolin Weigl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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1316
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Chuprakov S, Malik JA, Zibinsky M, Fokin VV. Catalytic asymmetric C-H insertions of rhodium(II) azavinyl carbenes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10352-5. [PMID: 21619004 DOI: 10.1021/ja202969z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient enantioselective C-H insertion of azavinyl carbenes into unactivated alkanes has been developed. These transition metal carbenes are directly generated from readily available and stable 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles in the presence of chiral Rh(II) carboxylates and are used for C-H functionalization of alkanes to access a variety of β-chiral sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Chuprakov
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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1317
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Lindsay VNG, Nicolas C, Charette AB. Asymmetric Rh(II)-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Alkenes with Diacceptor Diazo Compounds: p-Methoxyphenyl Ketone as a General Stereoselectivity Controlling Group. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8972-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ja201237j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent N. G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Cyril Nicolas
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - André B. Charette
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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1318
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Caballero A, Despagnet-Ayoub E, Mar Diaz-Requejo M, Diaz-Rodriguez A, Gonzalez-Nunez ME, Mello R, Munoz BK, Ojo WS, Asensio G, Etienne M, Perez PJ. Silver-Catalyzed C-C Bond Formation Between Methane and Ethyl Diazoacetate in Supercritical CO2. Science 2011; 332:835-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1204131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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1319
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Rivilla I, Gómez-Emeterio BP, Fructos MR, Díaz-Requejo MM, Pérez PJ. Exclusive Aromatic vs Aliphatic C–H Bond Functionalization by Carbene Insertion with Gold-Based Catalysts. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200206m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rivilla
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Universidad de Huelva, 21007-Huelva, Spain
| | - B. Pilar Gómez-Emeterio
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Universidad de Huelva, 21007-Huelva, Spain
| | - Manuel R. Fructos
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Universidad de Huelva, 21007-Huelva, Spain
| | - M. Mar Díaz-Requejo
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Universidad de Huelva, 21007-Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Universidad de Huelva, 21007-Huelva, Spain
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1320
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Dzik WI, Zhang XP, de Bruin B. Redox noninnocence of carbene ligands: carbene radicals in (catalytic) C-C bond formation. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:9896-903. [PMID: 21520926 DOI: 10.1021/ic200043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this Forum contribution, we highlight the radical-type reactivities of one-electron-reduced Fischer-type carbenes. Carbene complexes of group 6 transition metals (Cr, Mo, and W) can be relatively easily reduced by an external reducing agent, leading to one-electron reduction of the carbene ligand moiety. This leads to the formation of "carbene-radical" ligands, showing typical radical-type reactivities. Fischer-type carbene ligands are thus clearly redox-active and can behave as so-called "redox noninnocent ligands". The "redox noninnocence" of Fischer-type carbene ligands is most clearly illustrated at group 9 transition metals in the oxidation state II+ (Co(II), Rh(II), and Ir(II)). In such carbene complexes, the metal effectively reduces the carbene ligand by one electron in an intramolecular redox process. As a result, the thus formed "carbene radicals" undergo a variety of radical-type C-C and C-H bond formations. The redox noninnocence of Fischer-type carbene ligands is not just a chemical curiosity but, in fact, plays an essential role in catalytic cyclopropanation reactions by cobalt(II) porphyrins. This has led to the successful development of new chiral cobalt(II) porphyrins as highly effective catalysts for asymmetric cyclopropanation with unprecedented reactivity and stereocontrol. The redox noninnocence of the carbene intermediates results in the formation of carbene-radical ligands with nucleophilic character, which explains their effectiveness in the cyclopropanation of electron-deficient olefins and their reduced tendency to mediate carbene dimerization. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first example in which the redox noninnocence of a reacting ligand plays a key role in a catalytic organometallic reaction. This Forum contribution ends with an outlook on further potential applications of one-electron-activated Fischer-type carbenes in new catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech I Dzik
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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1321
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Wang SR, Qiu Z, Xie Z. Regioselective Insertion of Carborynes into Ethereal C−H Bond: Facile Synthesis of α-Carboranylated Ethers. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:5760-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja201126h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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1322
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Wang D, Gautam LNS, Bollinger C, Harris A, Li M, Shi X. 1,2,3-Triazole Bound Au(I) (TA-Au) as Chemoselective Catalysts in Promoting Asymmetric Synthesis of Substituted Allenes. Org Lett 2011; 13:2618-21. [PMID: 21504205 DOI: 10.1021/ol200714h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Lekh Nath S. Gautam
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Cynthia Bollinger
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Aleksandra Harris
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Minyong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
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1323
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Kornecki KP, Berry JF. Evidence for a one-electron mechanistic regime in dirhodium-catalyzed intermolecular C-H amination. Chemistry 2011; 17:5827-32. [PMID: 21506189 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Swift and energy efficient conversion of chemical feedstocks to pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals requires the development of new methods to add nitrogen functionality to unfunctionalized organic substrates. Dirhodium-catalyzed insertion of nitrene species into C-H bonds is a promising new method, the main drawback of which is the currently limited understanding of the catalytic mechanism. Herein, cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis measurements have enabled us to solve many of the mechanistic mysteries of intermolecular C-H amination catalyzed by [Rh(2)(esp)(2)] (esp=α,α,α',α'-tetramethyl-1,3-benzenedipropanoate). The primary result is that, in addition to a simple nitrene-transfer mechanism that dominates the early stages of the reaction, another mechanism is available that relies on sequential proton-coupled electron transfer steps. Whereas the nitrene-transfer mechanism requires the use of expensive, atom-inefficient oxidants, we show that simple one-electron oxidants such as Ce(4+) may be used to achieve catalytic C-H amination via the one-electron mechanistic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P Kornecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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1324
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Gao R, Yi CS. Catalytic Formation of Silyl Enol Ethers and Its Applications for Aldol-Type Condensation and Aminomethylation Reactions. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881 United States
| | - Chae S. Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881 United States
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1325
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Das RK, Saha B, Rahaman SMW, Bera JK. Bimetallic catalysis involving dipalladium(I) and diruthenium(I) complexes. Chemistry 2011; 16:14459-68. [PMID: 20981670 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dipalladium(I) and diruthenium(I) compounds bridged by two [{(5,7-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)amino}carbonyl]ferrocene (L) ligands have been synthesized. The X-ray structures of [Pd(2)L(2)][BF(4)](2) (1) and [Ru(2)L(2)(CO)(4)][BF(4)](2) (2) reveal dinuclear structures with short metal-metal distances. In both of these structures, naphthyridine bridges the dimetal unit, and the site trans to the metal-metal bond is occupied by weakly coordinating oxygen from the amido fragment. The catalytic utilities of these bimetallic compounds are evaluated. Compound 1 is an excellent catalyst for phosphine-free, Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids and provides high yields in short reaction times. Compound 1 is also found to be catalytically active for aryl chlorides, although the corresponding yields are lower. A bimetallic mechanism is proposed, which involves the oxidative addition of aryl bromide across the Pd-Pd bond and the bimetallic reductive elimination of the product. Compound 1 is also an efficient catalyst for the Heck cross-coupling of aryl bromides with styrenes. The mechanism for aldehyde olefination with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) and PPh(3), catalyzed by 2, has been fully elucidated. It is demonstrated that 2 catalyzes the formation of phosphorane utilizing EDA and PPh(3), which subsequently reacts with aldehyde to produce a new olefin and phosphine oxide. The efficacy of bimetallic complexes in catalytic organic transformations is illustrated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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1326
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Newhouse T, Baran PS. If C-H bonds could talk: selective C-H bond oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3362-74. [PMID: 21413105 PMCID: PMC3980681 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1068] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
C-H oxidation has a long history and an ongoing presence in research at the forefront of chemistry and interrelated fields. As such, numerous highly useful articles and reviews have been written on this subject. Logically, these are generally written from the perspective of the scope and limitations of the reagents employed. This Minireview instead attempts to emphasize chemoselectivity imposed by the nature of the substrate. Consequently, many landmark discoveries in the field of C-H oxidation are not discussed, but hopefully the perspective taken herein will allow C-H oxidation reactions to be more readily incorporated into synthetic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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1327
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Intermetallic coinage metal-catalyzed functionalization of alkanes with ethyl diazoacetate: Gold as a ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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1328
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Rosales A, Rodríguez-García I, López-Sánchez C, Álvarez-Corral M, Muñoz-Dorado M. Solvent influence in the Rh-catalyzed intramolecular 1,6 C–H insertions: a general approach to the chromane and flavanone skeletons. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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1329
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Li L, Zhu L, Chen D, Hu X, Wang R. Use of Acylhydrazine- and Acylhydrazone-Type Ligands to Promote CuI-Catalyzed C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl Bromides with N-Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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1330
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Dunham SU, Remaley TS, Moore BS, Evans DL, Dunham SU. Isolation, Characterization, and DNA Binding Kinetics of Three Dirhodium(II,II) Carboxyamidate Complexes: Rh2(μ-L)(HNOCCF3)3 where L= [OOCCH3]−, [OOCCF3]−, or [HNOCCF3]−. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:3458-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1023532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shari U Dunham
- Department of Chemistry, Moravian College, 1200 Main Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18018, USA.
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1331
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One-Step Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Configurationally Stable Tröger Bases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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1332
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Sharma A, Guénée L, Naubron JV, Lacour J. One-Step Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Configurationally Stable Tröger Bases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3677-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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1333
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Newhouse T, Baran PS. Wenn C-H-Bindungen sprechen könnten - selektive Oxidationen von C-H-Bindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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1334
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Huang X, Goddard R, Maulide N. A direct ylide transfer to carbonyl derivatives and heteroaromatic compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:8979-83. [PMID: 20939026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Huang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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1335
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Hansen JH, Gregg TM, Ovalles SR, Lian Y, Autschbach J, Davies HML. On the Mechanism and Selectivity of the Combined C−H Activation/Cope Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:5076-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ja111408v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jørn H. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Timothy M. Gregg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208, United States
| | - Stephanie R. Ovalles
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yajing Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14226, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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1336
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Huang K, Sun CL, Shi ZJ. Transition-metal-catalyzed C-C bond formation through the fixation of carbon dioxide. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2435-52. [PMID: 21387036 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00129e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is an important carbon source in the atmosphere and is "problematic" toward the activities of human beings. Although carbon dioxide is a cheap, abundant and relatively nontoxic C1 source, its chemical transformations have not been widely developed so far and are still far from synthetic applications, especially in the construction of the C-C bond. This critical review summarizes the recent advances on transition-metal-catalyzed C-C bond formation through the fixation of carbon dioxide and their synthetic applications (124 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871
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1337
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Alajarin M, Marin-Luna M, Vidal A. Functionalization of Acetalic C(sp3)-H Bonds by Scandium(III) Triflate-Catalyzed Intramolecular Redox Reactions: Tandem 1,4-Hydride Transfer/1,5-Cyclization Processes Leading to Protected 1-Indanones. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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1338
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Castillo MR, Martín M, Fraile JM, Mayoral JA, Sola E. Reversible Insertion of Aldehydes and Ketones into C sp 3H Bonds of Chiral Bis(oxazoline)/Iridium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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1339
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Castillo MR, Martín M, Fraile JM, Mayoral JA, Sola E. Reversible Insertion of Aldehydes and Ketones into C sp 3H Bonds of Chiral Bis(oxazoline)/Iridium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3240-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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1340
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Hovey MT, Eklund EJ, Pike RD, Mainkar AA, Scheerer JR. Synthesis of (±)-Acetylnorloline via Stereoselective Tethered Aminohydroxylation. Org Lett 2011; 13:1246-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200155p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Todd Hovey
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Emily J. Eklund
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Robert D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Anshul A. Mainkar
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Scheerer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
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1341
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Abstract
In this critical review, the strategic and economic benefits of C-H functionalization logic will be analyzed through the critical lens of total synthesis. In order to illustrate the dramatically simplifying effects this type of logic can potentially have on synthetic planning, we take the reader through a series of case studies in which it has already been successfully applied. In the first section, a chronological look at key historical syntheses will be examined, leading into modern day examples. In the second section, our own experience with applying and executing synthesis with a C-H functionalization "mindset" will be discussed (114 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Will R Gutekunst
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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1342
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, Fax: +86‐10‐6275‐1708 http://www.chem.pku.edu.cn/physicalorganic/ home.htm
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, Fax: +86‐10‐6275‐1708 http://www.chem.pku.edu.cn/physicalorganic/ home.htm
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1343
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1344
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Zeghida W, Besnard C, Lacour J. Rhodium(II)-catalyzed one-pot four-component synthesis of functionalized polyether macrocycles at high concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:7253-6. [PMID: 20737528 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Zeghida
- Département de chimie organique, Université de Genève, quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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1345
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Li Q, Yu ZX. Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Allylic CH Activation for the Addition to Conjugated Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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1346
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Li Q, Yu ZX. Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Allylic CH Activation for the Addition to Conjugated Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2144-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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1347
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Zhang Y, Garg JA, Michelin C, Fox T, Blacque O, Venkatesan K. Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of cis Bis-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Platinum(II) Bis-Arylacetylide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1220-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101632v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jai Anand Garg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clement Michelin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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1348
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Webb JR, Bolaño T, Gunnoe TB. Catalytic oxy-functionalization of methane and other hydrocarbons: fundamental advancements and new strategies. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:37-49. [PMID: 21226209 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna R Webb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, USA
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1349
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Wang J, Boyarskikh V, Rainier JD. Vinyl Diazophosphonates as Precursors to Quaternary Substituted Indolines and Cyclopentenes. Org Lett 2011; 13:700-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102931n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Vyacheslav Boyarskikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jon D. Rainier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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1350
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Franssen NMG, Walters AJC, Reek JNH, de Bruin B. Carbene insertion into transition metal–carbon bonds: a new tool for catalytic C–C bond formation. Catal Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cy00065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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