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Biswas S, Hughes WB, De Angelis L, Haug GC, Trevino R, Fremin SO, Arman HD, Larionov OV, Doyle MP. The "cesium effect" magnified: exceptional chemoselectivity in cesium ion mediated nucleophilic reactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5277-5283. [PMID: 38577370 PMCID: PMC10988617 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemodivergent construction of structurally distinct heterocycles from the same precursors by adjusting specific reaction parameters is an emergent area of organic synthesis; yet, understanding of the processes that underpin the reaction divergence is lacking, preventing the development of new synthetic methods by systematically harnessing key mechanistic effects. We describe herein cesium carbonate-promoted oxadiaza excision cross-coupling reactions of β-ketoesters with 1,2,3-triazine 1-oxides that form pyridones in good to high yields, instead of the sole formation of pyridines when the same reaction is performed in the presence of other alkali metal carbonates or organic bases. The reaction can be further extended to the construction of synthetically challenging pyridylpyridones. A computational study comparing the effect of cesium and sodium ions in the oxadiaza excision cross-coupling reactions reveals that the cesium-coordinated species changes the reaction preference from attack at the ketone carbonyl to attack at the ester carbon due to metal ion-specific transition state conformational accommodation, revealing a previously unexplored role of cesium ions that may facilitate the development of chemodivergent approaches to other heterocyclic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - William B Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Luca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Graham C Haug
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Ramon Trevino
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Seth O Fremin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hadi D Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Oleg V Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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De Angelis L, Haug GC, Rivera G, Biswas S, Al-Sayyed A, Arman H, Larionov O, Doyle MP. Site Reversal in Nucleophilic Addition to 1,2,3-Triazine 1-Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:13059-13068. [PMID: 37294869 PMCID: PMC10755600 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important reactions of 1,2,3-triazines with a dienophile is inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition, which occurs through nucleophilic addition to the triazine followed by N2 loss and cyclization to generate a heterocycle. The site of addition is either at the 4- or 6-position of the symmetrically substituted triazine core. Although specific examples of the addition of nucleophiles to triazines are known, a comprehensive understanding has not been reported, and the preferred site for nucleophilic addition is unknown and unexplored. With access to unsymmetrical 1,2,3-triazine-1-oxides and their deoxygenated 1,2,3-triazine compounds, we report C-, N-, H-, O-, and S-nucleophilic additions on 1,2,3-triazine and 1,2,3-triazine-1-oxide frameworks where the 4- and 6-positions could be differentiated. In the IEDDA cycloadditions using C- and N-nucleophiles, the site of addition is at C-6 for both heterocyclic systems, but product formation with 1,2,3-triazine-1-oxides is faster. Other N-nucleophile reactions with triazine 1-oxides show addition at either the 4- or 6-position of the triazine 1-oxide ring, but nucleophilic attack only occurs at the 6-position on the triazine. Hydride from NaBH4 undergoes addition at the 6-position on the triazine and the triazine 1-oxide core. Alkoxides show a high nucleophilic selectivity for the 4-position of the triazine 1-oxide. Thiophenoxide, cysteine, and glutathione undergo nucleophilic addition on the triazine core at the 6-position, while addition occurs at the 4-position of the triazine 1-oxide. These nucleophilic additions proceed under mild reaction conditions and show high functional group tolerance. Computational studies clarified the roles of the nucleophilic addition and nitrogen extrusion steps and the influence of steric and electronic factors in determining the outcomes of the reactions with different nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Graham C Haug
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa, Mexico
| | - Soumen Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ammar Al-Sayyed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Oleg Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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Bao M, Doyle MP. Stereoretentive Catalytic [3 + 2]/[3 + 3]-Cycloaddition of Nonracemic Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Synthesis of Substituted Pyrrolidines and 1,2-Oxazinanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:3029-3033. [PMID: 37079926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective preparation of substituted pyrrolidines and 1,2-oxazinanes has been achieved via stereoretentive [3 + 2]/[3 + 3]-cycloaddition of nonracemic donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with imines, triazines, and nitrones in good to high yields with broad scope under mild reaction conditions. In comparison with the well-documented approach to donor-acceptor cyclopropane reactions using racemic cyclopropane reactants and a catalyst with chiral ligands, this report features applications of enantioenriched donor-acceptor cyclopropanes as cycloadduct reactants with achiral catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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De Angelis L, Pei C, Narro AL, Wherritt D, Koenigs RM, Doyle MP. Polyfunctionalization of vicinal carbon centers and synthesis of unsymmetric 1,2,3,4-tetracarbonyl compounds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1109. [PMID: 36849502 PMCID: PMC9971237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of organic compounds with unusual atom or functional group connectivity is one of the main driving forces in the discovery of new synthetic methods that has raised the interest of chemists for many years. Polycarbonyl compounds are such compounds wherein multiple carbonyl groups are directly juxtaposed and influence each other's chemical reactivity. While 1,2-dicarbonyl or 1,2,3-tricarbonyl compounds are well-known in organic chemistry, the 1,2,3,4-tetracarbonyl motif remains barely explored. Herein, we report on the synthesis of such 1,2,3,4-tetracarbonyl compounds employing a synthetic strategy that involves C-nitrosation of enoldiazoacetates, while the diazo functional group remains untouched. This strategy not only leverages the synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetracarbonyl compounds to an unprecedented level, it also accomplishes the synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetracarbonyl compounds, wherein each carbonyl group is orthogonally masked. Combined experimental and theoretical studies provide an understanding of the reaction mechanism and rationalize the formation of such 1,2,3,4-tetracarbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Angelis
- grid.215352.20000000121845633Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Chao Pei
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XRWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ana L. Narro
- grid.215352.20000000121845633Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Daniel Wherritt
- grid.215352.20000000121845633Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XRWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- grid.215352.20000000121845633Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
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Biswas S, De Angelis L, Rivera G, Arman H, Doyle MP. Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder-Type Heterocycle Syntheses with 1,2,3-Triazine 1-Oxides: Expanded Versatility. Org Lett 2023; 25:1104-1108. [PMID: 36787541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazine 1-oxides are remarkably effective substrates for inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions. Formed from vinyldiazoacetates via reaction with tert-butyl nitrite, these stable heterocyclic compounds undergo clean nucleophilic addition with amidines to form pyrimidines, with β-ketocarbonyl compounds and related nitrile derivatives to form polysubstituted pyridines and with 3/5-aminopyrazoles to form pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, in high yield. These practical reactions are rapid at room temperature, are base catalyzed, and offer a diversity of structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Luca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa, México
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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Bao M, Xie X, Huang J, Doyle MP, Ren Z, Yue H, Xu X. Divergent Construction of N-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Indole as the Nitrogen Source Building Block. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300140. [PMID: 36705339 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An Ag/Au-catalyzed divergent cascade reaction of alkyne embedded diazoketones with indoles has been described. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction goes through a [4+2]-cycloaddition of an in situ formed isobenzopyrylium intermediate with indole, followed by a sequential retro-Michael addition/carbene N-H insertion process to give the benzo[i]phenanthridines products with gold catalysis; whereas a dearomatization/rearomatization sequence occurs favourably when the reaction is catalyzed by a silver catalyst, delivering benzo[b]carbazoles in generally high to excellent yields. Notably, this is a rare example of using indole as the dienophile for cycloaddition with the isobenzopyrylium species, providing a concise and practical approach for the selective construction of N-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with structural diversity and broad functional-group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiongda Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, USA
| | - Zhi Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P. R. China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Bao M, Lopez K, Gurung R, Arman H, Doyle MP. Stereoretentive Catalytic [3+2]-Cycloaddition/Rearrangement/Decarboxylation Reactions of Indoles with Non-Racemic Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Karlos Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Raj Gurung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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8
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Rivera G, De Angelis L, Al-Sayyed A, Biswas S, Arman H, Doyle MP. Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazine Derivatives by Deoxygenation of 1,2,3-Triazine 1-Oxides. Org Lett 2022; 24:6543-6547. [PMID: 36054906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A convenient, efficient, and inexpensive method has been developed for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazine derivatives via deoxygenation of 1,2,3-triazine 1-oxide using trialkyl phosphites. Triethyl phosphite is more reactive than trimethyl phosphite, and both phosphites form their corresponding phosphates in these reactions. This procedure provides a range of aromatic and aliphatic substituted 1,2,3-triazine-4-carboxylate derivatives cleanly in high yields. Unexpected 1,2,4-triazine derivatives were also obtained as minor products during deoxygenation of 1,2,3-triazine-4-carboxylate 1-oxides having an aliphatic substituent at the 5-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gildardo Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States.,Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa, México
| | - Luca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ammar Al-Sayyed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Soumen Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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Abstract
Abstractα-Aminoalkyl radicals are easily accessible through multiple pathways from various precursors. Apart from their utilization as nitrogen-containing building blocks, they have recently been used as halogen atom abstraction reagents or single-electron reductants to transform organic halides or sulfonium salts into their corresponding highly reactive radical species. Benefiting from the richness of various halides and the diverse reactivity of radical intermediates, new transformations of halides and sulfonium salts have been developed. This short review summarizes this emerging chemistry that uses α-aminoalkyl radicals as the reaction activators.1 Introduction2 Activation of Halides as Halogen-Atom Transfer Agents2.1 Addition to Unsaturated Bonds2.1.1 Addition to C=C Bonds2.1.2 Addition to C=O Bonds2.2 Substitution Reactions2.2.1 Deuteration2.2.2 Olefination2.2.3 Allylation2.2.4 Aromatic Substitution2.2.5 Amination3 Activation of Sulfonium Salts as Single-Electron Reductants4 Conclusion and Outlook
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10
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Su YL, Liu GX, De Angelis L, He R, Al-Sayyed A, Schanze KS, Hu WH, Qiu H, Doyle MP. Radical Cascade Multicomponent Minisci Reactions with Diazo Compounds. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Geng-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ru He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ammar Al-Sayyed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huang Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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Wessel AW, Doyle MP, Engdahl TB, Rodriguez J, Crowe JE, Diamond MS. Human Monoclonal Antibodies against NS1 Protein Protect against Lethal West Nile Virus Infection. mBio 2021; 12:e0244021. [PMID: 34634945 PMCID: PMC8510529 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02440-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Envelope protein-targeted vaccines for flaviviruses are limited by concerns of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infections. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) provides an alternative vaccine target that avoids this risk since this protein is absent from the virion. Beyond its intracellular role in virus replication, extracellular forms of NS1 function in immune modulation and are recognized by host-derived antibodies. The rational design of NS1-based vaccines requires an extensive understanding of the antigenic sites on NS1, especially those targeted by protective antibodies. Here, we isolated human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from individuals previously naturally infected with WNV, mapped their epitopes using structure-guided mutagenesis, and evaluated their efficacy in vivo against lethal WNV challenge. The most protective epitopes clustered at three antigenic sites that are exposed on cell surface forms of NS1: (i) the wing flexible loop, (ii) the outer, electrostatic surface of the wing, and (iii) the spaghetti loop face of the β-ladder. One additional MAb mapped to the distal tip of the β-ladder and conferred a lower level of protection against WNV despite not binding to NS1 on the surface of infected cells. Our study defines the epitopes and modes of binding of protective anti-NS1 MAb antibodies following WNV infection, which may inform the development of NS1-based countermeasures against flaviviruses. IMPORTANCE Therapeutic antibodies against flaviviruses often promote neutralization by targeting the envelope protein of the virion. However, this approach is hindered by a possible concern for antibody-dependent enhancement of infection and paradoxical worsening of disease. As an alternative strategy, antibodies targeting flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which is absent from the virion, can protect against disease and do not cause enhanced infection. Here, we evaluate the structure-function relationships and protective activity of West Nile virus (WNV) NS1-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) isolated from the memory B cells of a naturally infected human donor. We identify several anti-NS1 MAbs that protect mice against lethal WNV challenge and map their epitopes using charge reversal mutagenesis. Antibodies targeting specific regions in the NS1 structure could serve as the basis for countermeasures that control WNV infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex W. Wessel
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taylor B. Engdahl
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica Rodriguez
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Zheng H, Wang K, De Angelis L, Arman HD, Doyle MP. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Oxocarbenium-Olefin Metathesis/Rearrangements of 1 H-Isochromene Acetals with Vinyl Diazo Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15391-15399. [PMID: 34510888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An oxocarbenium-olefin cross metathesis occurs during Brønsted acid catalyzed reactions of 1H-isochromene acetals with vinyl diazo compounds. Formally a carbonyl-alkene [2 + 2]-cyclization between isobenzopyrylium ions and the vinyl group of vinyl diazoesters, the retro-[2 + 2] cycloaddition produces a tethered alkene and a vinyl diazonium ion that, upon loss of dinitrogen, undergoes a highly selective carbocationic cascade rearrangements to diverse products whose formation is controlled by reactant substituents. Polysubstituted benzobicyclo[3.3.1]oxocines, benzobicyclo[3.2.2]oxepines, benzobicyclopropane, and naphthalenes are obtained in good to excellent yields and selectivities. Furthermore, isotopic tracer and control experiments shed light on the oxocarbenium-olefin metathesis/rearrangement process as well as on the origin of the interesting substituent-dependent selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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13
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Doyle MP, Kose N, Borisevich V, Binshtein E, Amaya M, Nagel M, Annand EJ, Armstrong E, Bombardi R, Dong J, Schey KL, Broder CC, Zeitlin L, Kuang EA, Bornholdt ZA, West BR, Geisbert TW, Cross RW, Crowe JE. Cooperativity mediated by rationally selected combinations of human monoclonal antibodies targeting the henipavirus receptor binding protein. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109628. [PMID: 34469726 PMCID: PMC8527959 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hendra virus and Nipah virus (NiV), members of the Henipavirus (HNV) genus, are zoonotic paramyxoviruses known to cause severe disease across six mammalian orders, including humans. We isolated a panel of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the B cells of an individual with prior exposure to equine Hendra virus (HeV) vaccine, targeting distinct antigenic sites. The most potent class of cross-reactive antibodies achieves neutralization by blocking viral attachment to the host cell receptors ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3, with a second class being enhanced by receptor binding. mAbs from both classes display synergistic activity in vitro. In a stringent hamster model of NiV Bangladesh (NiVB) infection, antibodies from both classes reduce morbidity and mortality and achieve synergistic protection in combination. These candidate mAbs might be suitable for use in a cocktail therapeutic approach to achieve synergistic potency and reduce the risk of virus escape. Doyle et al. describe two human monoclonal antibodies that target the henipavirus receptor-binding protein, HENV-103 and HENV-117, that display highly potent activity in vitro and enhanced therapeutic efficacy in vivo when delivered as a cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Elad Binshtein
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Moushimi Amaya
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Marcus Nagel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Edward J Annand
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Black Mountain Laboratories & Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Canberra & Geelong, Australia
| | - Erica Armstrong
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robin Bombardi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jinhui Dong
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Erin A Kuang
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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14
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Liu S, Su YL, Sun TY, Doyle MP, Wu YD, Zhang X. Precise Introduction of the -CH nX 3-n (X = F, Cl, Br, I) Moiety to Target Molecules by a Radical Strategy: A Theoretical and Experimental Study. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13195-13204. [PMID: 34374531 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Addition of halomethyl radicals to form bioactive molecules has recently become an efficient strategy. The reaction has a bottleneck, however, which is the effective and selective generation of the proper halomethyl •CHnX3-n radical by combining CHnX4-n with a carbon radical. Understanding the reactivity and selectivity of carbon radicals in the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and halogen atom transfer (XAT) reactions of CHnX4-n is key to the development of such an attractive method. With the help of the emerging data-driven strategy, DFT calculations were used to explore various correlations. For selectivity, the relative energy barriers between HAT and XAT reactions (ΔG⧧H - ΔG⧧X) correlate reasonably well with the three parameters ΔGH, ΔGX, and IP, and the correlation studies reveal that the calculated IPinver and the experimental ΔBDE can be used to conveniently predict the selectivity. Predicted selectivities are consistent with experimental determinations. This work not only provides a possibility for selecting carbon radicals with the known or easily obtained physicochemical data but also demonstrates that the informatic workflow such as generating data and identifying correlations has potential applications in mining reaction rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Yong-Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.,Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.,Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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15
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De Angelis L, Zheng H, Perz MT, Arman H, Doyle MP. Intermolecular [5 + 1]-Cycloaddition between Vinyl Diazo Compounds and tert-Butyl Nitrite to 1,2,3-Triazine 1-Oxides and Their Further Transformation to Isoxazoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:6542-6546. [PMID: 34370472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazine 1-oxides are formed by nitrosyl addition from tert-butyl nitrite to the vinylogous position of vinyl diazo compounds. This transformation, which is a formal intermolecular [5 + 1] cycloaddition, occurs under mild conditions, with high functional group tolerance and regioselectivity, and can be employed for late-stage functionalization. Upon heating at refluxing chlorobenzene temperature, these triazine-N-oxides undergo dinitrogen extrusion to form isoxazoles in very high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Matthew T Perz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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16
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Su Y, Dong K, Zheng H, Doyle MP. Generation of Diazomethyl Radicals by Hydrogen Atom Abstraction and Their Cycloaddition with Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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17
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Zheng H, Wang K, Faghihi I, Griffith WP, Arman H, Doyle MP. Diverse Reactions of Vinyl Diazo Compounds with Quinone Oxonium Ions, Quinone Imine Ketals, and Eschenmoser’s Salt. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Isa Faghihi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Wendell P. Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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18
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Su YL, Dong K, Zheng H, Doyle MP. Generation of Diazomethyl Radicals by Hydrogen Atom Abstraction and Their Cycloaddition with Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18484-18488. [PMID: 34043866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A general catalytic methodology for the synthesis of pyrazolines from α-diazo compounds and conjugated alkenes is reported. The direct hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process of α-diazo compounds promoted by the tert-butylperoxy radical generates electrophilic diazomethyl radicals, thereby reversing the reactivity of the carbon atom attached with the diazo group. The regiocontrolled addition of diazomethyl radicals to carbon-carbon double bonds followed by intramolecular ring closure on the terminal diazo nitrogen and tautomerization affords a diverse set of pyrazolines in good yields with excellent regioselectivity. This strategy overcomes the limitations of electron-deficient alkenes in traditional dipolar [3+2]-cycloaddition of α-diazo compounds with alkenes. Furthermore, the straightforward formation of the diazomethyl radicals provides umpolung reactivity, thus opening new opportunities for the versatile transformations of diazo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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19
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Zheng H, Faghihi I, Doyle MP. Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective [3+3]‐Cycloaddition of β‐Aryl/Alkyl Vinyl Diazoacetates with Nitrones. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Isa Faghihi
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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20
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Dong K, Humeidi A, Griffith W, Arman H, Xu X, Doyle MP. Ag
I
‐Catalyzed Reaction of Enol Diazoacetates and Imino Ethers: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Ahmad Humeidi
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Wendell Griffith
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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21
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Dong J, Cross RW, Doyle MP, Kose N, Mousa JJ, Annand EJ, Borisevich V, Agans KN, Sutton R, Nargi R, Majedi M, Fenton KA, Reichard W, Bombardi RG, Geisbert TW, Crowe JE. Potent Henipavirus Neutralization by Antibodies Recognizing Diverse Sites on Hendra and Nipah Virus Receptor Binding Protein. Cell 2021; 183:1536-1550.e17. [PMID: 33306954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hendra (HeV) and Nipah (NiV) viruses are emerging zoonotic pathogens in the Henipavirus genus causing outbreaks of disease with very high case fatality rates. Here, we report the first naturally occurring human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HeV receptor binding protein (RBP). All isolated mAbs neutralized HeV, and some also neutralized NiV. Epitope binning experiments identified five major antigenic sites on HeV-RBP. Animal studies demonstrated that the most potent cross-reactive neutralizing mAbs, HENV-26 and HENV-32, protected ferrets in lethal models of infection with NiV Bangladesh 3 days after exposure. We solved the crystal structures of mAb HENV-26 in complex with both HeV-RBP and NiV-RBP and of mAb HENV-32 in complex with HeV-RBP. The studies reveal diverse sites of vulnerability on RBP recognized by potent human mAbs that inhibit virus by multiple mechanisms. These studies identify promising prophylactic antibodies and define protective epitopes that can be used in rational vaccine design.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive
- Brain/pathology
- Chiroptera/virology
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Ephrin-B2/metabolism
- Female
- Ferrets/virology
- Hendra Virus/immunology
- Henipavirus/immunology
- Humans
- Interferometry
- Liver/pathology
- Models, Molecular
- Neutralization Tests
- Nipah Virus/immunology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Domains
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Dong
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jarrod J Mousa
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Edward J Annand
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Black Mountain Laboratories & Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rachel Sutton
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel Nargi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mahsa Majedi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Karla A Fenton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Walter Reichard
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robin G Bombardi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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22
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Abstract
A highly enantioselective synthesis of chiral heterobicyclic spiroketals is reported via a "one-pot" cyclopropanation-rearrangement (CP-RA) cascade reaction that is sequentially catalyzed by a chiral Rh(II) catalyst and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF). Exocyclic vinyl substrates form spirocyclopropanes with tert-butyldimethylsilyl-protected enoldiazoacetates in excellent yields and with excellent enantioselectivities when catalyzed by chiral dirhodium(II) carboxylates, and following desilylation with simultaneous rearrangement in the presence of TBAF, they give (S)-spiroketals in high yields with excellent chirality retention (>95% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuioyng Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Raj Gurung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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23
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Dong K, Humeidi A, Griffith W, Arman H, Xu X, Doyle MP. Ag I -Catalyzed Reaction of Enol Diazoacetates and Imino Ethers: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13394-13400. [PMID: 33831277 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented AgI -catalyzed efficient method for the coupling of imino ethers and enol diazoacetates through a [3+2]-cycloaddition/C-O bond cleavage/[1,5]-proton transfer cascade process is reported. The general class of imino ethers that includes oxazolines, benzoxazoles and benzimidates are applicable substrates for these reactions that provide direct access to fully substituted pyrroles with uniformly high chemo- and regioselectivity. High variability in substitution at the pyrrole 2-, 5- and N-positions characterizes this methodology that also presents an entry point for further pyrrole diversification via facile modification of resulting N-functional pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Ahmad Humeidi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Wendell Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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24
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Dong K, Zheng H, Su Y, Humeidi A, Arman H, Xu X, Doyle MP. Catalyst-Directed Divergent Catalytic Approaches to Expand Structural and Functional Scaffold Diversity via Metallo-Enolcarbene Intermediates. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Yongliang Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ahmad Humeidi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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25
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Doyle MP. The Passing of Todd Klaenhammer. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:iii-iv. [PMID: 33770466 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fo-12-032421-100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Zheng H, Wang R, Wang K, Wherritt D, Arman H, Doyle MP. Formal [4 + 4]-, [4 + 3]-, and [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions of donor-acceptor cyclobutenes, cyclopropenes and siloxyalkynes induced by Brønsted acid catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4819-4824. [PMID: 34168758 PMCID: PMC8179600 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brønsted acid catalyzed formal [4 + 4]-, [4 + 3]-, and [4 + 2]-cycloadditions of donor-acceptor cyclobutenes, cyclopropenes, and siloxyalkynes with benzopyrylium ions are reported. [4 + 2]-cyclization/deMayo-type ring-extension cascade processes produce highly functionalized benzocyclooctatrienes, benzocycloheptatrienes, and 2-naphthols in good to excellent yields and selectivities. Moreover, the optical purity of reactant donor-acceptor cyclobutenes is fully retained during the cascade. The 1,3-dicarbonyl product framework of the reaction products provides opportunities for salen-type ligand syntheses and the construction of fused pyrazoles and isoxazoles that reveal a novel rotamer-diastereoisomerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Daniel Wherritt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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27
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Young E, Carnahan RH, Andrade DV, Kose N, Nargi RS, Fritch EJ, Munt JE, Doyle MP, White L, Baric TJ, Stoops M, DeSilva A, Tse LV, Martinez DR, Zhu D, Metz S, Wong MP, Espinosa DA, Montoya M, Biering SB, Sukulpolvi-Petty S, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Diamond MS, Harris E, Crowe JE, Baric RS. Identification of Dengue Virus Serotype 3 Specific Antigenic Sites Targeted by Neutralizing Human Antibodies. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 27:710-724.e7. [PMID: 32407709 PMCID: PMC7309352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of dengue virus (DENV) vaccines requires a detailed understanding of the molecular basis for antibody-mediated immunity. The durably protective antibody response to DENV after primary infection is serotype specific. However, there is an incomplete understanding of the antigenic determinants for DENV type-specific (TS) antibodies, especially for DENV serotype 3, which has only one well-studied, strongly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody (mAb). Here, we investigated the human B cell response in children after natural DENV infection in the endemic area of Nicaragua and isolated 15 DENV3 TS mAbs recognizing the envelope (E) glycoprotein. Functional epitope mapping of these mAbs and small animal prophylaxis studies revealed a complex landscape with protective epitopes clustering in at least 6-7 antigenic sites. Potently neutralizing TS mAbs recognized sites principally in E glycoprotein domains I and II, and patterns suggest frequent recognition of quaternary structures on the surface of viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniela V Andrade
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel S Nargi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ethan J Fritch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer E Munt
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas J Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark Stoops
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aravinda DeSilva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deanna Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Metz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marcus P Wong
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Diego A Espinosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Magelda Montoya
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott B Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Soila Sukulpolvi-Petty
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Health Center Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- National Virology Laboratory, National Center for Diagnosis and Reference, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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28
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De Angelis L, Crawford AM, Su YL, Wherritt D, Arman H, Doyle MP. Catalyst-Free Formation of Nitrile Oxides and Their Further Transformations to Diverse Heterocycles. Org Lett 2021; 23:925-929. [PMID: 33417468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The formation of nitrile oxides with diazocarbonyl compounds by nitrosyl transfer from tert-butyl nitrite under mild conditions and without the use of a catalyst or an additive is reported. This transformation is broadly applicable to the synthesis of furoxans by dimerization and isoxazoles and isoxazolines by cycloaddition. This methodology is also applied for the millimole-scale synthesis of two biologically active compounds. The formation of the nitrile oxide from a diazoacetamide is stable and confirmed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Alexandra M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Yong-Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Daniel Wherritt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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29
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Marichev KO, Wang K, Greco N, Dong K, Chen J, Lei J, Doyle MP. Strain-Induced Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropenes for Synthesis of Monosubstituted Succinic Acid Derivatives. Chemistry 2021; 27:340-347. [PMID: 32853426 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-Trisubstituted donor-acceptor cyclopropenes (DACPs) generated in situ from enoldiazo compounds react with nucleophiles to form α-substituted succinic acid derivatives in high yields. Initial dirhodium(II) carboxylate catalysis rapidly converts enoldiazo-acetates or -acetamides to DACPs that undergo catalyst-free Favorskii ring opening with amines, and also with anilines, alcohols, and thiols, when facilitated by catalytic amounts of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). This methodology provides easy access to mixed esters and amides of monosubstituted succinic acids, including derivatives of naturally occurring compounds. It also affords dihydrazide, dihydroxamic acid, and diamide derivatives, as well as α-substituted tetrahydropyridazine-3,6-diones in high yields. Attempts to generate optically enriched DACPs were not successful because their populations having the R and S configurations formed with a chiral dirhodium catalyst are quite similar, and the loss of enantiocontrol likely originates from the DACP ring forming step which is reversible with its intermediate metal carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn O Marichev
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Nicole Greco
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Jinzhou Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guang Zhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guang Zhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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30
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Liu F, Jin P, Sun Z, Du L, Wang D, Zhao T, Doyle MP. Carvacrol oil inhibits biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production of Enterobacter cloacae. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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31
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Su YL, Tram L, Wherritt D, Arman H, Griffith WP, Doyle MP. α-Amino Radical-Mediated Diverse Difunctionalization of Alkenes: Construction of C–C, C–N, and C–S Bonds. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Linh Tram
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Daniel Wherritt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Wendell P. Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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32
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Wang R, Marichev KO, Dong K, Jensen JA, Doyle MP. Chiral 3-Acylglutaric Acid Derivatives from Strain-Induced Nucleophilic Retro-Claisen Ring-Opening Reactions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9475-9490. [PMID: 32674577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A nucleophilic retro-Claisen ring-opening of donor-acceptor cyclobutenes, formed with high stereocontrol by [3 + 1]-cycloaddition of TIPS-protected enoldiazoacetates with α-acyl sulfur ylides, has been developed. Removal of the TIPS group to form the isolable β-keto ester precedes the strain-induced ring-opening. Various amines, alcohols, thiols, and amino acid derivatives are effective nucleophiles, and their products are formed in very high yields via stoichiometric reactions. The chirality of the reactant donor-acceptor cyclobutenes is fully retained in the ring-opening reactions. The 3-acylglutaric acid products are converted to various valuable structures, including amido-diols, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives, and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kostiantyn O Marichev
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Joseph A Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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33
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Zheng H, Dong K, Wherritt D, Arman H, Doyle MP. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts-Type Coupling and Dedinitrogenation Reactions of Vinyldiazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13613-13617. [PMID: 32372540 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The direct Friedel-Crafts-type coupling and dedinitrogenation reactions of vinyldiazo compounds with aromatic compounds using a metal-free strategy are described. This Brønsted acid catalyzed method is efficient for the formation of α-diazo β-carbocations (vinyldiazonium ions), vinyl carbocations, and allylic or homoallylic carbocation species via vinyldiazo compounds. By choosing suitable nucleophilic reagents to selectively capture these intermediates, both trisubstituted α,β-unsaturated esters, β-indole-substituted diazo esters, and dienes are obtained with good to high yields and selectivity. Experimental insights implicate a reaction mechanism involving the selective protonation of vinyldiazo compounds and the subsequent release of dinitrogen to form vinyl cations that undergo intramolecular 1,3- and 1,4- hydride transfer processes as well as fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Daniel Wherritt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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34
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Su YL, Liu GX, Liu JW, Tram L, Qiu H, Doyle MP. Radical-Mediated Strategies for the Functionalization of Alkenes with Diazo Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13846-13855. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Geng-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun-Wen Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Linh Tram
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Huang Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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35
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Zheng H, Dong K, Wherritt D, Arman H, Doyle MP. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts‐Type Coupling and Dedinitrogenation Reactions of Vinyldiazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Daniel Wherritt
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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36
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Doyle MP, McCarty JP, Lazzara AA. Case Study of Phrenic Nerve Paralysis: "I Can't Breathe!". J Emerg Med 2020; 58:e237-e241. [PMID: 32354588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anatomic course of the phrenic nerve runs in the fascia covering the anterior scalene muscle. Interscalene blocks are commonly performed by an anesthesiologist for shoulder surgery, such as a rotator cuff repair, total shoulder replacement, humeral fracture, or other arm surgery. Phrenic nerve palsy or paralysis is a known complication from interscalene block and is covered in multiple case reports and series in both Anesthesia and Neurosurgical literature, but only one case report in the Emergency Medicine literature. CASE REPORT This case involves a 57-year-old man who had an uncomplicated arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with placement of interscalene block under care of anesthesia. He was discharged with a pain pump in place and then subsequently presented to the Emergency Department (ED) later that same day for evaluation of dyspnea. Using point-of-care ultrasound, his right diaphragm did not appear to be moving. Chest x-ray study revealed an elevated right hemidiaphragm. He was diagnosed with iatrogenic right phrenic nerve paralysis from interscalene block. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Emergent diagnosis of phrenic nerve paralysis in the ED is complicated by a distressed patient and need for quick intervention. Most formal tests for this diagnosis are not immediately available to emergency physicians. Ultrasound is a rapid and reproducible, noninvasive resource with high sensitivity and specificity, making it an ideal imaging modality for the emergent evaluation of possible phrenic nerve palsy or paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Doyle
- Emergency Department, Henry Ford Allegiance Health, Jackson, Michigan
| | - James P McCarty
- Emergency Department, Henry Ford Allegiance Health, Jackson, Michigan
| | - Alan A Lazzara
- Emergency Department, Henry Ford Allegiance Health, Jackson, Michigan
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37
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Su YL, De Angelis L, Tram L, Yu Y, Doyle MP. Catalytic Oxidative Cleavage Reactions of Arylalkenes by tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide – A Mechanistic Assessment. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3728-3741. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Luca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Linh Tram
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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38
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Abstract
Chiral copper(i) catalysts are preferred over chiral dirhodium(ii) catalysts for [3 + 3]-cycloaddition reactions of γ-alkyl-substituted enoldiazoacetates compounds with nitrones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at San Antonio
- San Antonio
- USA
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at San Antonio
- San Antonio
- USA
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39
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Neff RK, Su YL, Liu S, Rosado M, Zhang X, Doyle MP. Generation of Halomethyl Radicals by Halogen Atom Abstraction and Their Addition Reactions with Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16643-16650. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robynne K. Neff
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Yong-Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Siqi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Melina Rosado
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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40
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Marichev KO, Wang K, Dong K, Greco N, Massey LA, Deng Y, Arman H, Doyle MP. Synthesis of Chiral Tetrasubstituted Azetidines from Donor-Acceptor Azetines via Asymmetric Copper(I)-Catalyzed Imido-Ylide [3+1]-Cycloaddition with Metallo-Enolcarbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16188-16192. [PMID: 31496021 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The all-cis stereoisomers of tetrasubstituted azetidine-2-carboxylic acids and derivatives that possess three chiral centers have been prepared in high yield and stereocontrol from silyl-protected Z-γ-substituted enoldiazoacetates and imido-sulfur ylides by asymmetric [3+1]-cycloaddition using chiral sabox copper(I) catalysis followed by Pd/C catalytic hydrogenation. Hydrogenation of the chiral p-methoxybenzyl azetine-2-carboxylates occurs with both hydrogen addition to the C=C bond and hydrogenolysis of the ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn O Marichev
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Nicole Greco
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Lynée A Massey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Yongming Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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41
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Marichev KO, Wang K, Dong K, Greco N, Massey LA, Deng Y, Arman H, Doyle MP. Synthesis of Chiral Tetrasubstituted Azetidines from Donor–Acceptor Azetines via Asymmetric Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Imido‐Ylide [3+1]‐Cycloaddition with Metallo‐Enolcarbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn O. Marichev
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Nicole Greco
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Lynée A. Massey
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Yongming Deng
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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42
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Zheng H, Doyle MP. Catalytic Desymmetric Cycloaddition of Diaziridines with Metalloenolcarbenes: The Role of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12502-12506. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zheng
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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43
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Zhou M, Doyle MP, Chen D. Combination of levulinic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate on inactivation of foodborne microorganisms: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2526-2531. [PMID: 31397170 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1650249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The combination of levulinic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in recent years has shown considerable promise as an antimicrobial intervention. Both ingredients have been designated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for being used as a flavoring agent and multipurpose food additive, respectively. The use of levulinic acid and SDS alone has limited antimicrobial efficacy on tested microorganisms, and synergism between levulinic acid and SDS has been observed. The postulated mechanism of action of the synergistic effect is presented. The antimicrobial efficacy of levulinic acid plus SDS remains high even when organic materials are present. The other features, including penetration, foamability, and being readily soluble, extend its potential applications to disinfection of difficult-to-access areas and control of foodborne pathogens both in a planktonic state and in a biofilm. These features indicate that the levulinic acid plus SDS combination may have the potential to be applied within the food processing environment on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Science and Technology Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Dong Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Science and Technology Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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44
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Dong K, Marichev KO, Doyle MP. Role of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropenes in Metal Carbene Reactions. Conversion of E-Substituted Enoldiazoacetates to Z-Substituted Metallo-Enolcarbenes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kostiantyn O. Marichev
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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Zheng H, Doyle MP. Catalytic Desymmetric Cycloaddition of Diaziridines with Metalloenolcarbenes: The Role of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zheng
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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Abstract
A robust and efficient synthesis of triisopropylsilyl (TIPS)-protected γ-substituted enoldiazoacetates with excellent Z stereocontrol by using lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)azanide (LiHMDS) as a base and TIPSOTf as a silyl transfer reagent is reported. Despite their increased size compared to previously tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS)-protected γ-unsubstituted enoldiazoacetates, a high product yield with exceptional stereocontrol has been achieved in copper-catalyzed [3+3] cycloaddition reaction with nitrones by using a chiral indeno bisoxazoline ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University
| | | | - Xingfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University
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Xie JH, P. Doyle M. On the Origin of the Conformationally Non-Interconvertable Isomers of Bisphenyldirhodium(III) Caprolactamate. J MEX CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v53i3.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A plausible explanation for the unprecedented formation of two conformational isomers of bisphenyldirhodium(III) caprolactamate is presented. The presence of acetic acid during the coupling process leading to the formation of bisphenyldirhodium(III) caprolactamate is shown to increase the propeller conformer at the expense of the biplanar conformer, Acetic acid is also found to catalyze the decomposition of bisphenyldirhodium(III) caprolactamate with the propeller conformation reacting at a rate that is more than ten times greater than that for the biplanar conformation. We speculate that protonation of one of the caprolactamate ligands changes the orientation of the phenyl ring in its approach to rhodium in the product-forming step of the arylation reaction leading to the formation of the two conformational isomers.
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Abstract
This review describes catalytic asymmetric cycloaddition reactions of silyl-protected enoldiazo compounds for the construction of highly functionalized carbo- and heterocycles which possess one or more chiral center(s). The enoldiazo compound or its derivative, donor-acceptor cyclopropene, form electrophilic vinylogous metal carbene intermediates that combine stepwise with nucleophilic dipolar reactants to form products from [3 + 1]-, [3 + 2]-, [3 + 3]-, [3 + 4]-, and [3 + 5]-cycloaddition, generally in high yield and with exceptional stereocontrol and regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn O. Marichev
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA.
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA.
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Adly FG, Marichev KO, Jensen JA, Arman H, Doyle MP. Enoldiazosulfones for Highly Enantioselective [3 + 3]-Cycloaddition with Nitrones Catalyzed by Copper(I) with Chiral BOX Ligands. Org Lett 2018; 21:40-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frady G. Adly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Kostiantyn O. Marichev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Joseph A. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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50
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Goo L, Debbink K, Kose N, Sapparapu G, Doyle MP, Wessel AW, Richner JM, Burgomaster KE, Larman BC, Dowd KA, Diamond MS, Crowe JE, Pierson TC. A protective human monoclonal antibody targeting the West Nile virus E protein preferentially recognizes mature virions. Nat Microbiol 2018; 4:71-77. [PMID: 30455471 PMCID: PMC6435290 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flavivirus genus, is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in the United States1. The development of neutralizing antibodies against the flavivirus envelope (E) protein is critical for immunity and vaccine protection2. Previously identified candidate therapeutic mouse and human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) target epitopes within the E domain III lateral ridge and the domain I-II hinge region, respectively3. To explore the neutralizing antibody repertoire elicited by WNV infection for potential therapeutic application, we isolated 10 mAbs from WNV-infected individuals. MAb WNV-86 neutralized WNV with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2 ng/mL, one of the most potently neutralizing flavivirus-specific antibodies ever isolated. WNV-86 targets an epitope in E domain II, and preferentially recognizes mature virions lacking an uncleaved form of the chaperone protein prM, unlike most flavivirus-specific antibodies4. In vitro selection experiments revealed a neutralization escape mechanism involving a glycan addition to E domain II. Finally, a single dose of WNV-86 administered two days post-infection protected mice from lethal WNV challenge. This study identifies a highly potent human neutralizing mAb with therapeutic potential that targets an epitope preferentially displayed on mature virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Goo
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kari Debbink
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gopal Sapparapu
- Department of Pediatrics, and the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Pathobiology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alex W Wessel
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin M Richner
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine E Burgomaster
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bridget C Larman
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathobiology, Microbiology and Immunology, and the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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