13551
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Mindaye ST, Ra M, Lo Surdo J, Bauer SR, Alterman MA. Improved proteomic profiling of the cell surface of culture-expanded human bone marrow multipotent stromal cells. J Proteomics 2013; 78:1-14. [PMID: 23153793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of the membrane proteome is essential to explain the biology of multipotent stromal cells and identify reliable protein biomarkers for the isolation as well as tracking of cells during differentiation and maturation. However, proteomic analysis of membrane proteins is challenging and they are noticeably under-represented in numerous proteomic studies. Here we introduce new approach, which includes high pressure-assisted membrane protein extraction, protein fractionation by gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis (GELFREE), and combined use of liquid chromatography MALDI and ESI tandem mass spectrometry. This report presents the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of membrane proteome of undifferentiated and culture-expanded human bone marrow multipotent stromal cells (hBM-MSC) obtained from different human donors. Gene ontology mapping using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and DAVID programs revealed the largest membrane proteomic dataset for hBM-MSC reported to date. Collectively, the new workflow enabled us to identify at least two-fold more membrane proteins compared to published results on hBM-MSC. A total of 84 CDs were identified including 14 CDs identified for the first time. This dataset can serve as a basis for further exploration of self-renewal, differentiation and characterization of hBM-MSC.
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13552
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Liu Y, Wu J, Zhu Y, Han J. Therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells in bone and joint diseases. Clin Exp Med 2014; 14:13-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-012-0218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13553
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Daquinag AC, Souza GR, Kolonin MG. Adipose tissue engineering in three-dimensional levitation tissue culture system based on magnetic nanoparticles. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 19:336-44. [PMID: 23017116 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is becoming widely used in regenerative medicine/cell therapy applications, and its physiological and pathological importance is increasingly appreciated. WAT is a complex organ composed of differentiated adipocytes, stromal mesenchymal progenitors known as adipose stromal cells (ASC), as well as endothelial vascular cells and infiltrating leukocytes. Two-dimensional (2D) culture that has been typically used for studying adipose cells does not adequately recapitulate WAT complexity. Improved methods for reconstruction of functional WAT ex vivo are instrumental for understanding of physiological interactions between the composing cell populations. Here, we used a three-dimensional (3D) levitation tissue culture system based on magnetic nanoparticle assembly to model WAT development and growth in organoids termed adipospheres. We show that 3T3-L1 preadipocytes remain viable in spheroids for a long period of time, while in 2D culture, they lose adherence and die after reaching confluence. Upon adipogenesis induction in 3T3-L1 adipospheres, cells efficiently formed large lipid droplets typical of white adipocytes in vivo, while only smaller lipid droplet formation is achievable in 2D. Adiposphere-based coculture of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with murine endothelial bEND.3 cells led to a vascular-like network assembly concomitantly with lipogenesis in perivascular cells. Adipocyte-depleted stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of mouse WAT cultured in 3D underwent assembly into organoids with vascular-like structures containing luminal endothelial and perivascular stromal cell layers. Adipospheres made from primary WAT cells displayed robust proliferation and complex hierarchical organization reflected by a matricellular gradient incorporating ASC, endothelial cells, and leukocytes, while ASC quickly outgrew other cell types in adherent culture. Upon adipogenesis induction, adipospheres derived from the SVF displayed more efficient lipid droplet accumulation than 2D cultures. This indicates that 3D intercellular signaling better recapitulates WAT organogenesis. Combined, our studies show that adipospheres are appropriate for WAT modeling ex vivo and provide a new platform for functional screens to identify molecules bioactive toward individual adipose cell populations. This 3D methodology could be adopted for WAT transplantation applications and aid approaches to WAT-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexes C Daquinag
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13554
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Mitsiadis TA, Woloszyk A, Jiménez-Rojo L. Nanodentistry: combining nanostructured materials and stem cells for dental tissue regeneration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1743-53. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative dentistry represents an attractive multidisciplinary therapeutic approach that complements traditional restorative/surgery techniques and benefits from recent advances in stem cell biology, molecular biology, genomics and proteomics. Materials science is important in such advances to move regenerative dentistry from the laboratory to the clinic. The design of novel nanostructured materials, such as biomimetic matrices and scaffolds for controlling cell fate and differentiation, and nanoparticles for diagnostics, imaging and targeted treatment, is needed. The combination of nanotechnology, which allows the creation of sophisticated materials with exquisite fine structural detail, and stem cell biology turns out to be increasingly useful in regenerative medicine. The administration to patients of dynamic biological agents comprising stem cells, bioactive scaffolds and/or nanoparticles will certainly increase the regenerative impact of dental pathological tissues. This overview briefly describes some of the actual benefits and future possibilities of nanomaterials in the emerging field of stem cell-based regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Institute of Oral Biology, Department of Orofacial Development & Regeneration, ZZM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Woloszyk
- Institute of Oral Biology, Department of Orofacial Development & Regeneration, ZZM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Jiménez-Rojo
- Institute of Oral Biology, Department of Orofacial Development & Regeneration, ZZM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13555
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Sarr O, Yang K, Regnault TR. In utero programming of later adiposity: the role of fetal growth restriction. J Pregnancy 2012; 2012:134758. [PMID: 23251802 DOI: 10.1155/2012/134758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is strongly associated with obesity in adult life. The mechanisms contributing to the onset of IUGR-associated adult obesity have been studied in animal models and humans, where changes in fetal adipose tissue development, hormone levels and epigenome have been identified as principal areas of alteration leading to later life obesity. Following an adverse in utero development, IUGR fetuses display increased lipogenic and adipogenic capacity in adipocytes, hypoleptinemia, altered glucocorticoid signalling, and chromatin remodelling, which subsequently all contribute to an increased later life obesity risk. Data suggest that many of these changes result from an enhanced activity of the adipose master transcription factor regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and its coregulators, increased lipogenic fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression and activity, and upregulation of glycolysis in fetal adipose tissue. Increased expression of fetal hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY), altered hypothalamic leptin receptor expression and partitioning, reduced adipose noradrenergic sympathetic innervations, enhanced adipose glucocorticoid action, and modifications in methylation status in the promoter of hepatic and adipose adipogenic and lipogenic genes in the fetus also contribute to obesity following IUGR. Therefore, interventions that inhibit these fetal developmental changes will be beneficial for modulation of adult body fat accumulation.
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13556
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Ruggieri P, Mangino G, Fioretti B, Catacuzzeno L, Puca R, Ponti D, Miscusi M, Franciolini F, Ragona G, Calogero A. The inhibition of KCa3.1 channels activity reduces cell motility in glioblastoma derived cancer stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47825. [PMID: 23110108 PMCID: PMC3478269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we evaluated the expression of the intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa3.1) channel in human glioblastoma stem-like cells (CSCs) and investigated its role in cell motility. While the KCa3.1 channel is not expressed in neuronal- and glial-derived tissues of healthy individuals, both the KCa3.1 mRNA and protein are present in the glioblastoma tumor population, and are significantly enhanced in CSCs derived from both established cell line U87MG and a primary cell line, FCN9. Consistent with these data, voltage-independent and TRAM-34 sensitive potassium currents imputable to the KCa3.1 channel were recorded in the murine GL261 cell line and several primary human glioblastoma cells lines. Moreover, a significantly higher KCa3.1 current was recorded in U87MG-CD133 positive cells as compared to the U87MG-CD133 negative subpopulation. Further, we found that the tumor cell motility is strongly associated with KCa3.1 channel expression. Blockade of the KCa3.1 channel with the specific inhibitor TRAM-34 has in fact a greater impact on the motility of CSCs (reduction of 75%), which express a high level of KCa3.1 channel, than on the FCN9 parental population (reduction of 32%), where the KCa3.1 channel is expressed at lower level. Similar results were also observed with the CSCs derived from U87MG. Because invasion of surrounding tissues is one of the main causes of treatment failure in glioblastoma, these findings can be relevant for future development of novel cancer therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ruggieri
- Department of Medical-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Latina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medical-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Latina, Italy
| | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Cellular and Environmental Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Cellular and Environmental Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosa Puca
- Department of Medical-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Latina, Italy
| | - Donatella Ponti
- Department of Medical-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Latina, Italy
| | - Massimo Miscusi
- Department of Medical-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Latina, Italy
| | - Fabio Franciolini
- Department of Cellular and Environmental Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ragona
- Department of Medical-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Latina, Italy
| | - Antonella Calogero
- Department of Medical-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Latina, Italy
- * E-mail:
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13557
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Buccini S, Haider KH, Ahmed RPH, Jiang S, Ashraf M. Cardiac progenitors derived from reprogrammed mesenchymal stem cells contribute to angiomyogenic repair of the infarcted heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2012; 107:301. [PMID: 23076626 PMCID: PMC3505546 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-012-0301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The strategy to reprogram somatic stem cells to pluripotency status has provided an alternative source of surrogate ES cells (ESC). We report efficient reprogramming of multipotent bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to pluripotent status and the resultant MSC derived iPS cells (MiPS) and their derived progenitors effectively repaired the infarcted heart. MSC from young, male, Oct4-GFP transgenic mice were reprogrammed by retroviral transduction with Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc stemness factors. MiPS thus generated displayed characteristics of mouse ESC including morphology, surface antigens, gene and miR expression profiles. MiPS also formed spontaneously beating cardiac progenitors which expressed cardiac specific transcription factors and protein markers including Gata4, Mef2c, Nkx2.5, myosin heavy chain, troponin-I, and troponin-T, and showed ultra structural characteristics typical of cardiomyocytes. Intramyocardial delivery of MiPS (group-2) and their derivative cardiac-like cells (MiPS-CP; group-3) in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction showed extensive survival and engraftment at 4 weeks with resultant attenuation of infarct size (p < 0.001 vs. DMEM injected control; n = 4). Engraftment of MiPS-CP was without cardiac tumorigenesis as compared to 21 % in MiPS transplanted animals. Furthermore, angiogenesis was improved in groups-2 and 3 (p < 0.001 vs. control). Transthoracic echocardiography revealed significantly preserved indices of cardiac contractility (ejection fraction p < 0.001 and fractional shortening p < 0.001 vs. control; n = 7). MSC were successfully reprogrammed into MiPS that displayed ESC-like characteristics and differentiated into spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes. Cardiac progenitors derived from MiPS repopulated the infarcted heart without tumorigenesis and improved global cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Buccini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
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13558
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Sassoli C, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Formigli L. Trophic actions of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for muscle repair/regeneration. Cells 2012; 1:832-50. [PMID: 24710532 DOI: 10.3390/cells1040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) represent the leading candidate cell in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These cells can be easily isolated, expanded in vitro and are capable of providing significant functional benefits after implantation in the damaged muscle tissues. Despite their plasticity, the participation of BM-MSCs to new muscle fiber formation is controversial; in fact, emerging evidence indicates that their therapeutic effects occur without signs of long-term tissue engraftment and involve the paracrine secretion of cytokines and growth factors with multiple effects on the injured tissue, including modulation of inflammation and immune reaction, positive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, angiogenesis and protection from apoptosis. Recently, a new role for BM-MSCs in the stimulation of muscle progenitor cells proliferation has been demonstrated, suggesting the potential ability of these cells to influence the fate of local stem cells and augment the endogenous mechanisms of repair/regeneration in the damaged tissues.
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13559
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Weng J, He C, Lai P, Luo C, Guo R, Wu S, Geng S, Xiangpeng A, Liu X, Du X. Mesenchymal stromal cells treatment attenuates dry eye in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease. Mol Ther 2012; 20:2347-54. [PMID: 23070118 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of refractory ocular disease. This study investigated the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for the treatment of dry eye associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and assessed the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on regulatory CD8(+)CD28(-) T lymphocytes. A total of 22 patients with refractory dry eye secondary to cGVHD were enrolled. The symptoms of 12 out of 22 patients abated after MSCs transplantation by intravenous injection, improving in the dry eye scores, ocular surface disease index scores and the Schirmer test results. The clinical improvements were accompanied by increasing level of CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells, but not CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, in the 12 patients who were treated effectively. They had significantly higher levels of Th1 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-γ) and lower levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4). In addition, CD8(+) T cells were prone to differentiation into CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells after co-culture with MSCs in vitro. In conclusion, transfusion of MSCs improved the clinical symptoms in patients (54.55%) with refractory dry eye secondary to cGVHD. MSCs appear to exert their effects by triggering the generation of CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells, which may regulate the balance between Th1 and Th2.
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13560
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Ribeiro R, Monteiro C, Silvestre R, Castela A, Coutinho H, Fraga A, Príncipe P, Lobato C, Costa C, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Lopes JM, Lopes C, Medeiros R. Human periprostatic white adipose tissue is rich in stromal progenitor cells and a potential source of prostate tumor stroma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:1155-62. [PMID: 23038706 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A body of growing evidence now implicates white adipose tissue as a relevant source of stromal progenitor cells recruited to the tumor microenvironment to form supportive tumor stroma. While the role of periprostatic (PP) adipose tissue in prostate cancer progression has been barely appreciated, we sought to determine the progenitor cell population in PP adipose tissue and the association with prostate cancer. We isolated and characterized CD31(-)CD34(+)CD45(-)CD146(-) progenitor cells (adipose-derived stem cells [ASC]) in paired samples of PP and preperitoneal visceral adipose tissue from prostate tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of prostate cancer and nodular prostatic hyperplasia patients. ASC were quantified by flow cytometry and confirmed through target gene expression. Here we show a significantly higher amount of ASC in PP than in visceral adipose tissue, independent of body mass index and prostatic disease. In the prostate, ASC are increased in cancer compared with prostatic nodular hyperplasia patients. Concordantly, adipsin gene (CFD) expression, which is known to be up-regulated in adipose stem cells, was overexpressed in PP adipose tissue, in the prostate of cancer patients and in prostate CD31(-)CD34(+)CD45(-)CD146(-) sorted cells. ASC were found at higher levels in the blood of prostate cancer patients simultaneously overweight/obese. Present findings indicate that PP adipose tissue is a reservoir of progenitor cells with the potential to migrate towards prostate tumors, although its clinical significance merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ribeiro
- Molecular Oncology Group-CI, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, Porto, Portugal
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13561
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Porozhan EA, Gol’tsev AN, Babenko NN, Dubrava TG. Level of Sensibilization of Immunocompetent Cells as a Criterion of Efficacy of Introduction of Cryopreserved Fetal Nerve Cells in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2012; 44:292-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-012-9299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13562
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Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major cause of substantial lifelong morbidity in preterm infants. Despite a better understanding of the pathophysiology of BPD and significant research effort into its management, there remains today no effective treatment. Cell-based therapy is a novel approach that offers much promise in the prevention and treatment of BPD. Recent research supports a therapeutic role for cell transplantation in the management of a variety of acute and chronic adult and childhood lung diseases, with potential of such therapy to reduce inflammation and prevent acute lung injury. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding cell therapies before they can be established as safe and effective clinical treatments for BPD. This review summarizes the current literature investigating cell therapies in lung disease, with particular focus on the various types of cells available and their specific properties in the context of a future therapy for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vosdoganes
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, Australia 3168
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13563
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Klincumhom N, Pirity MK, Berzsenyi S, Ujhelly O, Muenthaisong S, Rungarunlert S, Tharasanit T, Techakumphu M, Dinnyes A. Generation of neuronal progenitor cells and neurons from mouse sleeping beauty transposon-generated induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:390-7. [PMID: 22917491 PMCID: PMC3459052 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2012.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be used as models of neuronal differentiation for the investigation of mammalian neurogenesis, pharmacological testing, and development of cell-based therapies. Recently, mouse iPS cell lines have been generated by Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon-mediated transgenesis (SB-iPS). In this study, we determined for the first time the differentiation potential of mouse SB-iPS cells to form neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons. Undifferentiated SB-iPS and ES cells were aggregated into embryoid bodies (EBs) and cultured in neuronal differentiation medium supplemented with 5 μM all-trans retinoic acid. Thereafter, EBs were dissociated and plated to observe further neuronal differentiation. Samples were fixed on days 10 and 14 for immunocytochemistry staining using the NPC markers Pax6 and Nestin and the neuron marker βIII-tubulin/Tuj1. Nestin-labeled cells were analyzed further by flow cytometry. Our results demonstrated that SB-iPS cells can generate NPCs and differentiate further into neurons in culture, although SB-iPS cells produced less nestin-positive cells than ESCs (6.12 ± 1.61 vs. 74.36 ± 1.65, respectively). In conclusion, the efficiency of generating SB-iPS cells-derived NPCs needs to be improved. However, given the considerable potential of SB-iPS cells for drug testing and as therapeutic models in neurological disorders, continuing investigation of their neuronal differentiation ability is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttha Klincumhom
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Biotalentum Ltd., 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| | - Melinda K. Pirity
- Biotalentum Ltd., 2100 Godollo, Hungary
- Current address: Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Sasitorn Rungarunlert
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakornphatom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Techakumphu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- Biotalentum Ltd., 2100 Godollo, Hungary
- Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent Istvan University, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13564
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Kim SH, Park DY, Min B. A new era of cartilage repair using cell therapy and tissue engineering: turning current clinical limitations into new ideas. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:240-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-012-0370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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13565
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Men H, Bauer BA, Bryda EC. Germline transmission of a novel rat embryonic stem cell line derived from transgenic rats. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2606-12. [PMID: 22455749 PMCID: PMC3438845 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline-competent rat embryonic stem (ES) cell lines are important resources for the creation of mutant rat models using ES-cell-based gene targeting technology. The ability to isolate germline-competent ES cell lines from any rat strain, including genetically modified strains, would allow for more sophisticated genetic manipulations without extensive breeding. Sprague Dawley (SD) males carrying an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgene were used as the founder animals for the derivation of ES cell lines. A number of ES cell lines were established and subjected to rigorous quality control testing that included assessment of pluripotency factor expression, karyotype analysis, and pathogen/sterility testing. Two male ES cell lines, SD-Tg.EC1/Rrrc and SD-Tg.EC8/Rrrc, were injected into blastocysts recovered from a cross of Dark Agouti (DA) males with SD females. Resulting chimeric animals were bred with wild-type SD mates to verify the germline transmissibility of the ES cell lines by identifying pups carrying the ES cell line-derived EGFP transgene. While both ES cell lines gave rise to chimeric animals, only SD-Tg.EC1 was germline competent. This confirms the feasibility of deriving germline-competent ES cell lines from transgenic rat strains and provides a novel ES cell line with a stable green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter for future genetic manipulations to create new rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Men
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201, USA
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13566
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Li SC, Vu LT, Ho HW, Yin HZ, Keschrumrus V, Lu Q, Wang J, Zhang H, Ma Z, Stover A, Weiss JH, Schwartz PH, Loudon WG. Cancer stem cells from a rare form of glioblastoma multiforme involving the neurogenic ventricular wall. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:41. [PMID: 22995409 PMCID: PMC3546918 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis posits that deregulated neural stem cells (NSCs) form the basis of brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM, however, usually forms in the cerebral white matter while normal NSCs reside in subventricular and hippocampal regions. We attempted to characterize CSCs from a rare form of glioblastoma multiforme involving the neurogenic ventricular wall. Methods We described isolating CSCs from a GBM involving the lateral ventricles and characterized these cells with in vitro molecular biomarker profiling, cellular behavior, ex vivo and in vivo techniques. Results The patient’s MRI revealed a heterogeneous mass with associated edema, involving the left subventricular zone. Histological examination of the tumor established it as being a high-grade glial neoplasm, characterized by polygonal and fusiform cells with marked nuclear atypia, amphophilic cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli, frequent mitotic figures, irregular zones of necrosis and vascular hyperplasia. Recurrence of the tumor occurred shortly after the surgical resection. CD133-positive cells, isolated from the tumor, expressed stem cell markers including nestin, CD133, Ki67, Sox2, EFNB1, EFNB2, EFNB3, Cav-1, Musashi, Nucleostemin, Notch 2, Notch 4, and Pax6. Biomarkers expressed in differentiated cells included Cathepsin L, Cathepsin B, Mucin18, Mucin24, c-Myc, NSE, and TIMP1. Expression of unique cancer-related transcripts in these CD133-positive cells, such as caveolin-1 and −2, do not appear to have been previously reported in the literature. Ex vivo organotypic brain slice co-culture showed that the CD133+ cells behaved like tumor cells. The CD133-positive cells also induced tumor formation when they were stereotactically transplanted into the brains of the immune-deficient NOD/SCID mice. Conclusions This brain tumor involving the neurogenic lateral ventricular wall was comprised of tumor-forming, CD133-positive cancer stem cells, which are likely the driving force for the rapid recurrence of the tumor in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Calvin Li
- Neuro-Oncology Research Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Stem Cell Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC) Research Institute, 455 South Main Street, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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13567
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Abstract
The pace of discovery involving adipose-derived cells continues to accelerate at both the preclinical and clinical translational levels. Adipose tissue is a source of freshly isolated, heterogeneous stromal vascular fraction cells and culture-expanded, adherent and relatively homogeneous adipose stromal/stem cells. Both populations display regenerative capacity in soft and hard tissue repair, ischemic insults and autoimmune diseases. While their major mechanism of action has been attributed to both direct lineage differentiation and/or paracrine factor release, current evidence favors a paracrine mechanism. Over 40 clinical trials using adipose-derived cells conducted in 15 countries have been registered with the NIH, the majority of which are Phase I or Phase I/II safety studies. This review focuses on the literature of the past 2 years in order to assess the status of clinical and preclinical studies on adipose-derived cell therapies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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13568
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Duya P, Bian Y, Chu X, Zhang Y. Stem cells for reprogramming: could hUMSCs be a better choice? Cytotechnology 2012; 65:335-45. [PMID: 22968835 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSC) are primitive multipotent cells capable of differentiating into cells of different lineages. They can be an alternative source of pluripotent cells since they are ethically and regulatory approved, are easily obtained and have low immunogenicity compared to embryonic stem cells which are dogged with numerous controversies. hUMSC can be a great source for cell and transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Duya
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, China
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13569
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Abstract
Inadequate blood supply to tissues is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality today. Ischemic symptoms caused by obstruction of arterioles and capillaries are currently not treatable by vessel replacement or dilatation procedures. Therapeutic angiogenesis, the treatment of tissue ischemia by promoting the proliferation of new blood vessels, has recently emerged as one of the most promising therapies. Neovascularization is most often attempted by introduction of angiogenic cells from different sources. Emerging evidence suggests that adipose tissue (AT) is an excellent reservoir of autologous cells with angiogenic potential. AT yields two cell populations of importance for neovascularization: AT-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, which likely act predominantly as pericytes, and AT-derived endothelial cells (ECs). In this concise review we discuss different physiological aspects of neovascularization, briefly present cells isolated from the blood and bone marrow with EC properties, and then discuss isolation and cell culture strategies, phenotype, functional capabilities, and possible therapeutic applications of angiogenic cells obtained from AT.
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13570
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Swain SM, Parameswaran S, Sahu G, Verma RS, Bera AK. Proton-gated ion channels in mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Stem Cell Res 2012; 9:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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13571
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Floratou K, Giannopoulou E, Antonacopoulou A, Karakantza M, Adonakis G, Kardamakis D, Matsouka P. Oxidative stress due to radiation in CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells: protection by IGF-1. J Radiat Res 2012; 53:672-685. [PMID: 22843358 PMCID: PMC3430413 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Radiation exerts direct as well as indirect effects on DNA through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Irradiated hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) experience DNA strand breaks, favoring genetic instability, due to ROS generation. Our aim was to study the effect of a range of radiation doses in HPCs and the possible protective mechanisms activated by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). ROS generation was evaluated, in the presence or absence of IGF-1 in liquid cultures of human HPCs-CD34(+) irradiated with 1-, 2- and 5-Gy X-rays, using a flow cytometry assay. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression was studied by western blot analysis and visualized by an immunofluorescence assay. Apoptosis was estimated using the following assays: Annexin-V assay, DNA degradation assay, BCL-2/BAX mRNA and protein levels and caspase-9 protein immunofluorescence visualization. Viability and clonogenic potential were studied in irradiated HPCs. The generation of superoxide anion radicals at an early and a late time point was increased, while the hydrogen peroxide generation at a late time point was stable. IGF-1 presence further enhanced the radiation-induced increase of MnSOD at 24 h post irradiation. IGF-1 inhibited the mitochondria-mediated pathway of apoptosis by regulating the m-RNA and protein expression of BAX, BCL-2 and the BCL-2/BAX ratio and by decreasing caspase-9 protein expression. IGF-1 presence in culture media of irradiated cells restored the clonogenic capacity and the viability of HPCs as well. In conclusion, IGF-1 protects HPCs-CD34(+) from radiation effects, by eliminating the oxidative microenvironment through the enhancement of MnSOD activation and by regulating the mitochondria-mediated pathway of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Floratou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Rio, 26504, Greece
| | - Efstathia Giannopoulou
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Rio, 26504, Greece
| | - Anna Antonacopoulou
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Rio, 26504, Greece
| | - Marina Karakantza
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Rio, 26504, Greece
| | - George Adonakis
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Rio, 26504, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kardamakis
- Radiotherapy Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Rio, 26504, Greece
| | - Panagiota Matsouka
- Division of Hematology, University of Thessaly Medical School, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, 41110, Greece
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13572
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Abstract
The effects of substrate stiffness on cell behaviors have been extensively studied; however, the effects of substrate curvature are not well documented. The curvature of the surface to which cells adhere can have profound effects on cell behaviors. To reveal these cell mechanobiological responses to substrate curvatures, here we introduce a novel, unique, simple, and flexible class of substrates, polyacrylamide gels embedded with micro glass balls ranging in diameter from 5 μm to 2 mm, to culture cells. NIH-3T3 fibroblasts were cultured on these glass ball embedded gels. Morphologies of cells growing on glass balls were analyzed by using an optical microscope and a 3D confocal laser scanning microscope. The cell behaviors on micro cylindrical glass tubes having similar diameters to the glass balls were also compared. It is observed that the fibroblasts were sensitive to the curvatures of the glass balls. Significant differences in cell attachment rate, migration speed, and morphology were noted for cells cultured on glass balls of diameters at or below 500 μm, compared to those on glass balls of larger diameters. Cell spread area increased as a function of the ball diameter with three different slopes in the three distinct regions depending on the ball diameter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental attempt to study cell responses to spherically shaped substrates. These cell culture experiments imply that this class of substrates, micro glass ball embedded gels, can be useful tools to study cell mechanobiological responses to substrate curvatures, related cell and tissue engineering researches, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Joo Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
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13573
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Bao B, Ahmad A, Kong D, Ali S, Azmi AS, Li Y, Banerjee S, Padhye S, Sarkar FH. Hypoxia induced aggressiveness of prostate cancer cells is linked with deregulated expression of VEGF, IL-6 and miRNAs that are attenuated by CDF. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43726. [PMID: 22952749 PMCID: PMC3428287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia with deregulated expression of hypoxia inducing factor (HIF) and its biological consequence leads to poor prognosis of patients diagnosed with solid tumors, resulting in higher mortality, suggesting that understanding of the molecular relationship of hypoxia with other cellular features of tumor aggressiveness would be invaluable for developing newer targeted therapy for solid tumors. Emerging evidence also suggest that hypoxia and HIF signaling pathways contributes to the acquisition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), maintenance of cancer stem cell (CSC) functions, and also maintains the vicious cycle of inflammation, all of which contribute to radiation therapy and chemotherapy resistance. However, the detailed mechanisms by which hypoxia/HIF drive these events are not fully understood. Here, we have shown that hypoxia leads to increased expression of VEGF, IL-6, and CSC marker genes such as Nanog, Oct4 and EZH2, and also increased the expression of miR-21, an oncogenic miRNA, in prostate cancer (PCa) cells (PC-3 and LNCaP). The treatment of PCa cells with CDF, a novel Curcumin-derived synthetic analogue previously showed anti-tumor activity in vivo, inhibited the productions of VEGF and IL-6, and down-regulated the expression of Nanog, Oct4, EZH2 mRNAs, as well as miR-21 under hypoxic condition. Moreover, CDF treatment of PCa cells led to decreased cell migration under hypoxic condition. Taken together, these results suggest that the anti-tumor effect of CDF is in part mediated through deregulation of tumor hypoxic pathways, and thus CDF could become useful for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bao
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dejuan Kong
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shadan Ali
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sanjeev Banerjee
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Subhash Padhye
- ISTRA, Department of Chemistry, MCE Society’s Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pune, India
| | - Fazlul H. Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13574
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Kobayashi K, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Dysferlin and animal models for dysferlinopathy. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:135-47. [PMID: 22907980 PMCID: PMC3392904 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin (DYSF) is involved in the membrane-repair process, in the intracellular vesicle system and in T-tubule development in skeletal muscle. It interacts with mitsugumin 53, annexins, caveolin-3, AHNAK, affixin, S100A10, calpain-3, tubulin and dihydropyridine receptor. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy (MM) are muscular dystrophies associated with recessively inherited mutations in the DYSF gene. The diseases are characterized by weakness and muscle atrophy that progress slowly and symmetrically in the proximal muscles of the limb girdles. LGMD2B and MM, which are collectively termed “dysferlinopathy”, both lead to abnormalities in vesicle traffic and membrane repair at the plasma membrane in muscle fibers. SJL/J (SJL) and A/J mice are naturally occurring animal models for dysferlinopathy. Since there has been no an approach to therapy for dysferlinopathy, the immediate development of a therapeutic method for this genetic disorder is desirable. The murine models are useful in verification experiments for new therapies and they are valuable tools for identifying factors that accelerate dystrophic changes in skeletal muscle. It could be possible that the genetic or immunological background in SJL or A/J mice could modify muscle damage in experiments involving these models, because SJL and A/J mice show differences in the progress and prevalent sites of skeletal muscle lesions as well as in the gene-expression profiles of their skeletal muscle. In this review, we provide up-to-date information on the function of dysferlin, the development of possible therapies for muscle dystrophies (including dysferlinopathy) and the detection of new therapeutic targets for dysferlinopathy by means of experiments using animal models for dysferlinopathy.
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13575
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Zhao W, Ren G, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Liu J, Kuang P, Yin Z, Wang X. Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue in inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:606-13. [PMID: 22917212 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and over the past several decades, many researchers have worked to develop novel effective therapies for HCC patients. The functional contributions of mesenchymal stem cells to human malignancies, including HCC growth and progression, are controversial, and the potential mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) on the growth of HCC cells. In this study, a conditioned medium from ADSCs (ADSC-CM) efficiently inhibited HCC cell proliferation and division, and induced HCC cell death through the downregulation of Akt signaling. These findings indicated that the ADSC-CM could inhibit HCC growth. Thus, the ADSC-CM is a good candidate for the treatment of HCC patients for whom no effective therapy is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, China
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13576
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Gupta A, Avci P, Sadasivam M, Chandran R, Parizotto N, Vecchio D, de Melo WC, Dai T, Chiang LY, Hamblin MR. Shining light on nanotechnology to help repair and regeneration. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:607-31. [PMID: 22951919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy can be used in two completely different but complementary therapeutic applications. While low level laser (or light) therapy (LLLT) uses red or near-infrared light alone to reduce inflammation, pain and stimulate tissue repair and regeneration, photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses the combination of light plus non-toxic dyes (called photosensitizers) to produce reactive oxygen species that can kill infectious microorganisms and cancer cells or destroy unwanted tissue (neo-vascularization in the choroid, atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries). The recent development of nanotechnology applied to medicine (nanomedicine) has opened a new front of advancement in the field of phototherapy and has provided hope for the development of nanoscale drug delivery platforms for effective killing of pathological cells and to promote repair and regeneration. Despite the well-known beneficial effects of phototherapy and nanomaterials in producing the killing of unwanted cells and promoting repair and regeneration, there are few reports that combine all three elements i.e. phototherapy, nanotechnology and, tissue repair and regeneration. However, these areas in all possible binary combinations have been addressed by many workers. The present review aims at highlighting the combined multi-model applications of phototherapy, nanotechnology and, reparative and regeneration medicine and outlines current strategies, future applications and limitations of nanoscale-assisted phototherapy for the management of cancers, microbial infections and other diseases, and to promote tissue repair and regeneration.
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13577
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Sridhar R, Sundarrajan S, Venugopal JR, Ravichandran R, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun inorganic and polymer composite nanofibers for biomedical applications. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2012; 24:365-85. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2012.690711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Sridhar
- a Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative , Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore , 117576 , Singapore
| | - Subramanian Sundarrajan
- a Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative , Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore , 117576 , Singapore
| | - Jayarama Reddy Venugopal
- a Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative , Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore , 117576 , Singapore
| | - Rajeswari Ravichandran
- a Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative , Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore , 117576 , Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- a Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative , Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore , 117576 , Singapore
- b King Saud University , Riyadh , 11451 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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13578
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Li HJ, Che XM, Zhao W, He SC, Zhang ZL, Chen R. Diet-induced obesity potentiates the growth of gastric cancer in mice. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:615-620. [PMID: 23170114 PMCID: PMC3501417 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of gastric cancer and may affect its development and progression, however, the mechanisms underlying this association are completely unknown. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of obesity on gastric cancer growth by adopting a novel in vivo model. Diet-induced obese and lean mice were inoculated with murine forestomach carcinoma cells, and studied for 2 weeks. Tumor histology, cellular proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated. Serum glucose, insulin, visfatin levels and peripheral CD3(+), CD4(+/-), CD8(+/-) lymphocytes were assayed. All mice were alive and developed no metastasis, a greater number of obese mice developed palpable tumors than lean mice. The tumors from obese mice had a larger volume, greater intratumoral adipocyte mass, and exhibited a higher proliferation and reduced apoptosis rate compared to those of lean animals. Both serum insulin and visfatin concentrations correlated positively with tumor proliferation and negatively with tumor apoptosis. Obese mice had a significantly lower level of CD3(+), CD3(+)CD4(+) T lymphocytes, and a lower level of CD4(+)/CD8(+) in peripheral blood compared to these lymphocyte levels in the lean mice. In conclusion, the altered adipocytokine milieu and insulin resistance observed in obesity may lead directly to alterations in the tumor microenvironment and cell immunity for avoiding cancer, thereby, promoting gastric cancer survival and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061
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13579
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Riccobono D, Agay D, Scherthan H, Forcheron F, Vivier M, Ballester B, Meineke V, Drouet M. Application of adipocyte-derived stem cells in treatment of cutaneous radiation syndrome. Health Phys 2012; 103:120-126. [PMID: 22951469 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e318240595b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous radiation syndrome caused by local high dose irradiation is characterized by delayed outcome and incomplete healing. Recent therapeutic management of accidentally irradiated burn patients has suggested the benefit of local cellular therapy using mesenchymal stem cell grafting. According to the proposed strategy of early treatment, large amounts of stem cells would be necessary in the days following exposure and hospitalization, which would require allogeneic stem cells banking. In this context, the authors compared the benefit of local autologous and allogeneic adipocyte-derived stem cell injection in a large animal model. Minipigs were locally irradiated using a 60Co gamma source at a dose of 50 Gy and divided into three groups. Two groups were grafted with autologous (n = 5) or allogeneic (n = 5) adipocyte-derived stem cells four times after the radiation exposure, whereas the control group received the vehicle without cells (n = 8). A clinical score was elaborated to compare the efficiency of the three treatments. All controls exhibited local inflammatory injuries leading to a persistent painful necrosis, thus mimicking the clinical evolution in human victims. In the autologous adipocyte-derived stem cells group, skin healing without necrosis or uncontrollable pain was observed. In contrast, the clinical outcome was not significantly different in the adipocyte-derived stem cell allogeneic group when compared with controls. This study suggests that autologous adipocyte-derived stem cell grafting improves cutaneous radiation syndrome wound healing, whereas allogeneic adipocyte derived stem cells do not. Further studies will establish whether manipulation of allogeneic stem cells will improve their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Riccobono
- Département de Radiobiologie, IRBA-antenne La Tronche-CRSSA, 24 Avenue des Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38700 La Tronche, France.
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13580
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Pramanik S, Pingguan-Murphy B, Abu Osman NA. Progress of key strategies in development of electrospun scaffolds: bone tissue. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2012; 13:043002. [PMID: 27877500 PMCID: PMC5090556 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/13/4/043002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There has been unprecedented development in tissue engineering (TE) over the last few years owing to its potential applications, particularly in bone reconstruction or regeneration. In this article, we illustrate several advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to the design of electrospun TE scaffolds. We also review the major benefits of electrospun fibers for three-dimensional scaffolds in hard connective TE applications and identify the key strategies that can improve the mechanical properties of scaffolds for bone TE applications. A few interesting results of recent investigations have been explained for future trends in TE scaffold research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Pramanik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Applied Biomechanics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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13581
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Ravichandran R, Venugopal JR, Sundarrajan S, Mukherjee S, Sridhar R, Ramakrishna S. Composite poly-l-lactic acid/poly-(α,β)-dl-aspartic acid/collagen nanofibrous scaffolds for dermal tissue regeneration. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2012; 32:1443-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13582
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Muenthaisong S, Ujhelly O, Polgar Z, Varga E, Ivics Z, Pirity MK, Dinnyes A. Generation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells from different genetic backgrounds using Sleeping beauty transposon mediated gene transfer. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2482-9. [PMID: 22846649 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology involves reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state. The original technology used to produce these cells requires viral gene transduction and results in the permanent integration of exogenous genes into the genome. This can lead to the development of abnormalities in the derived iPS cells. Here, we report that non-viral transfection of a Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon containing the coding sequences Oct3/4 (Pouf1), Sox-2, Klf-4 and c-Myc (OSKM) linked with 2A peptides, can reprogram mouse fibroblasts. We have established reprogrammed mouse cell lines from three different genetic backgrounds: (1) ICR-outbred, (2) C57BL/6-inbred and (3) F1-hybrid (C57BL/6 x DBA/2J), with parallel robust expression of all exogenous (Oct3/4, Sox-2, Klf-4, and c-Myc) and endogenous (e.g. Oct3/4 and Nanog) pluripotency genes. The iPS cell lines exhibited characteristics typical for undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cell lines: ES cell-like morphology, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) positivity and gene expression pattern (shown by reverse transcription PCR, and immunofluorescence of ES cell markers-e.g. Oct3/4, SSEA1, Nanog). Furthermore, cells were able to form embryoid bodies (EBs), to beat rhythmically, and express cardiac (assayed by immunofluorescence, e.g. cardiac Troponin T, desmin) and neuronal (assayed by immunofluorescence e.g. nestin, Tuj1) markers. The in vitro differentiation potential was found to be the highest in the ICR-derived iPS lines (ICR-iPS). Interestingly, the ICR-iPS lines had even higher differentiation potential than the ICR-ES cell lines: the rate of EBs forming rhythmically beating cardiomyocytes was 4% in ICR-ES and 79% in ICR-iPS cells, respectively. In vivo, the ICR and F1 hybrid iPS cells formed chimeras and one of the iPS cells from the F1 hybrid background transmitted to the germline. Our results suggest that iPS technology may be useful for generating pluripotent stem cells from genetic backgrounds of which good quality ES cell generation is difficult. These studies provide insights into viral-free iPS technology and may contribute towards defining future cell-based therapies, drug-screening methods and production of transgenic animals using genetically modified iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Muenthaisong
- Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent István University, Gödöllö 2100, Hungary; BioTalentum Ltd, Gödöllö 2100, Hungary.
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13583
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Dong Y, Han Q, Zou Y, Deng Z, Lu X, Wang X, Zhang W, Jin H, Su J, Jiang T, Ren H. Long-term exposure to imatinib reduced cancer stem cell ability through induction of cell differentiation via activation of MAPK signaling in glioblastoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 370:89-102. [PMID: 22829019 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) was shown to harbor therapy-resistant cancer stem cells that were major causes of recurrence. PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) and c-Kit (stem cell factor receptor) signaling play important roles in initiation and maintenance of malignant glioma. This study demonstrated that long-term culture with imatinib mesylate, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor against PDGFR and c-Kit resulted in reduced cancer stem cell ability in glioblastoma cells through cell differentiation. Derived from RG glioblastoma cells co-cultured with imatinib for 3 months, RG-IM cells showed distinct properties of cell cycle distribution and morphology in addition to significantly decreased ability to form aggregates and colonies in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Increased expression of GFAP (astrocyte marker) and class III β-tubulin isotype (Tuj1, neuron marker) were detected with morphology like neurons or astrocytes in RG-IM cells. Furthermore, decreased expression of stem cell markers, i.e., CD133, Oct-3/4, nestin, and Bmi1, and increased terminal neural cell markers, GFAP, Tuj1, etc., were identified in RG-IM at the mRNA level. All these markers were changed in RG cells when PDGFRB and c-Kit expression were double knocked down by siRNA. Cell differentiation agent, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) caused similar effect as that with imatinib in RG cells, while adding PDGF-B and SCF in RG-IM resulted in cell dedifferentiation to some extent. Moreover, differentiation in RG cells treated by imatinib or ATRA was mainly driven by MAPK signaling pathways. In summary, continuous inhibition on PDGFR and c-Kit signaling disturbed glioma stem cells biology in subsets of GBM cells and may have potentials in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Dong
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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13584
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Warrier S, Haridas N, Bhonde R. Inherent propensity of amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells towards endothelial lineage: vascularization from an avascular tissue. Placenta 2012; 33:850-8. [PMID: 22840296 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most pressing problems in injury is wound healing and blood vessel formation. The amniotic membrane is important in clinical applications as it is pro-angiogenic, anti-fibrotic and anti-scarring and has low immunogenicity. In this study, we characterized amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells (AMMSCs) by their trademark mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) signature and profiled for embryonic pluripotency markers namely alkaline phosphatase, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, SSEA3 and 4, and Klf4 by RT-PCR and nuclear localization of Oct4 and Nanog by immunocytochemistry. The amnion, although avascular, contains pro-angiogenic factors such as type I, III, IV and V collagen, laminin, and fibronectin in the extra cellular matrix. We, therefore, hypothesized that AMMSCs is pro-angiogenic. Thus, we demonstrate that MSCs derived from the amnion have a natural ability to initiate endothelialization and angiogenesis in vitro. Our results using a wound scratch assay and angiogenesis on Matrigel suggest a pro-angiogenic property of AMMSCs. We also show that native, uninduced AMMSCs are able to form endothelial rings in Matrigel. Further evidence was provided by RT-PCR showing the expression of pro-angiogenic factors such as Tie2, Ang1, VEGF, VEGFR, vWF, KDR and Flt4 in native AMMSCs. Taken together, our results suggest that MSCs from an avascular amnion have an inherent propensity for promoting angiogenesis and could be an ideal choice in wound healing, stroke and ischemic diseases that require rapid vascularization and tissue restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Warrier
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, No 10, Service Road, Domlur Layout, Bangalore 560071, India.
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13585
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Mastri M, Shah Z, McLaughlin T, Greene CJ, Baum L, Suzuki G, Lee T. Activation of Toll-like receptor 3 amplifies mesenchymal stem cell trophic factors and enhances therapeutic potency. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C1021-33. [PMID: 22843797 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00191.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy have thus far demonstrated moderate and inconsistent benefits, indicating an urgent need to improve therapeutic efficacy. Although administration of sufficient cells is necessary to achieve maximal therapeutic benefits, documented MSC clinical trials have largely relied on injections of ∼1 × 10(6) cells/kg, which appears too low to elicit a robust therapeutic response according to published preclinical studies. However, repeated cell passaging necessary for large-scale expansion of MSC causes cellular senescence and reduces stem cell potency. Using the RNA mimetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] to engage MSC Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), we found that poly(I:C), signaling through multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, induced therapeutically relevant trophic factors such as interleukin-6-type cytokines, stromal-derived factor 1, hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor while slightly inhibiting the proliferation and migration potentials of MSC. At the suboptimal injection dose of 1 × 10(6) cells/kg, poly(I:C)-treated MSC, but not untreated MSC, effectively stimulated regeneration of the failing hamster heart 1 mo after cell administration. The regenerating heart exhibited increased CD34(+)/Ki67(+) and CD34(+)/GATA4(+) progenitor cells in the presence of decreased inflammatory cells and cytokines. Cardiac functional improvement was associated with a ∼50% reduction in fibrosis, a ∼40% reduction in apoptosis, and a ∼55% increase in angiogenesis, culminating in prominent cardiomyogenesis evidenced by abundant distribution of small myocytes and a ∼90% increase in wall thickening. These functional, histological, and molecular characterizations thus establish the utility of TLR3 engagement for enabling the low-dose MSC therapy that may be translated to more efficacious clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Mastri
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research in Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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13586
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Sassoli C, Pini A, Chellini F, Mazzanti B, Nistri S, Nosi D, Saccardi R, Quercioli F, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Formigli L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells stimulate skeletal myoblast proliferation through the paracrine release of VEGF. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37512. [PMID: 22815682 PMCID: PMC3398011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the leading cell candidates in the field of regenerative medicine. These cells have also been successfully used to improve skeletal muscle repair/regeneration; however, the mechanisms responsible for their beneficial effects remain to be clarified. On this basis, in the present study, we evaluated in a co-culture system, the ability of bone-marrow MSCs to influence C2C12 myoblast behavior and analyzed the cross-talk between the two cell types at the cellular and molecular level. We found that myoblast proliferation was greatly enhanced in the co-culture as judged by time lapse videomicroscopy, cyclin A expression and EdU incorporation. Moreover, myoblasts immunomagnetically separated from MSCs after co-culture expressed higher mRNA and protein levels of Notch-1, a key determinant of myoblast activation and proliferation, as compared with the single culture. Notch-1 intracellular domain and nuclear localization of Hes-1, a Notch-1 target gene, were also increased in the co-culture. Interestingly, the myoblastic response was mainly dependent on the paracrine release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by MSCs. Indeed, the addition of MSC-derived conditioned medium (CM) to C2C12 cells yielded similar results as those observed in the co-culture and increased the phosphorylation and expression levels of VEGFR. The treatment with the selective pharmacological VEGFR inhibitor, KRN633, resulted in a marked attenuation of the receptor activation and concomitantly inhibited the effects of MSC-CM on C2C12 cell growth and Notch-1 signaling. In conclusion, this study provides novel evidence for a role of MSCs in stimulating myoblast cell proliferation and suggests that the functional interaction between the two cell types may be exploited for the development of new and more efficient cell-based skeletal muscle repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzanti
- Department of Hematology, Cord Blood Bank, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Nistri
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Saccardi
- Department of Hematology, Cord Blood Bank, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Franco Quercioli
- National Institute of Optics (INO), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Formigli
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail:
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13587
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Moniri MR, Sun XY, Rayat J, Dai D, Ao Z, He Z, Verchere CB, Dai LJ, Warnock GL. TRAIL-engineered pancreas-derived mesenchymal stem cells: characterization and cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:652-8. [PMID: 22767216 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted great interest in cancer therapy owing to their tumor-oriented homing capacity and the feasibility of autologous transplantation. Currently, pancreatic cancer patients face a very poor prognosis, primarily due to the lack of therapeutic strategies with an effective degree of specificity. Anticancer gene-engineered MSCs specifically target tumor sites and can produce anticancer agents locally and constantly. This study was performed to characterize pancreas-derived MSCs and investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-engineered MSCs on pancreatic cancer cells under different culture conditions. Pancreas-derived MSCs exhibited positive expression on CD44, CD73, CD95, CD105, negative on CD34 and differentiated into adipogenic and osteogenic cells. TRAIL expression was assessed by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. Different patterns of TRAIL receptor expression were observed on the pancreatic cancer cell lines, including PANC1, HP62, ASPC1, TRM6 and BXPC3. Cell viability was assessed using a real-time monitoring system. Pancreatic cancer cell death was proportionally related to conditioned media from MSC(nsTRAIL) and MSC(stTRAIL). The results suggest that MSCs exhibit intrinsic inhibition of pancreatic cancer cells and that this effect can be potentiated by TRAIL-transfection on death receptor-bearing cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Moniri
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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13588
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Mulas F, Zagar L, Zupan B, Bellazzi R. Supporting regenerative medicine by integrative dimensionality reduction. Methods Inf Med 2012; 51:341-7. [PMID: 22773076 DOI: 10.3414/me11-02-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The assessment of the developmental potential of stem cells is a crucial step towards their clinical application in regenerative medicine. It has been demonstrated that genome-wide expression profiles can predict the cellular differentiation stage by means of dimensionality reduction methods. Here we show that these techniques can be further strengthened to support decision making with i) a novel strategy for gene selection; ii) methods for combining the evidence from multiple data sets. METHODS We propose to exploit dimensionality reduction methods for the selection of genes specifically activated in different stages of differentiation. To obtain an integrated predictive model, the expression values of the selected genes from multiple data sets are combined. We investigated distinct approaches that either aggregate data sets or use learning ensembles. RESULTS We analyzed the performance of the proposed methods on six publicly available data sets. The selection procedure identified a reduced subset of genes whose expression values gave rise to an accurate stage prediction. The assessment of predictive accuracy demonstrated a high quality of predictions for most of the data integration methods presented. CONCLUSION The experimental results highlighted the main potentials of proposed approaches. These include the ability to predict the true staging by combining multiple training data sets when this could not be inferred from a single data source, and to focus the analysis on a reduced list of genes of similar predictive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mulas
- Centre for Tissue Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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13589
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells whose self-renewal, multipotency, and immunosuppressive functions have been investigated for therapeutic applications. MSCs have used for various systemic organ regenerative therapies, allowing rescue of tissue function in damaged or failing organs. This article reviews the regenerative and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs and their applications in dental, orofacial, and systemic tissue regeneration and treatment of inflammatory disorders. It also addresses challenges to MSC-mediated therapeutics arising from tissue and MSC aging and host immune response against allogenic MSC transplantation, and discusses alternative sources of MSCs aimed at overcoming these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben H. Kim
- Phone: (310) 825-7312, , UCLA School of Dentistry, Division of Restorative Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Shebli Mehrazarin
- , Phone: (310) 267-2810, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mo K. Kang
- Jack Weichman Endowed Chair, Phone: (310) 825-8048, , UCLA School of Dentistry, Division of Associated Clinical Specialty, Section of Endodontics, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095
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13590
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Giai Via A, Frizziero A, Oliva F. Biological properties of mesenchymal Stem Cells from different sources. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2012; 2:154-162. [PMID: 23738292 PMCID: PMC3666517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult, nonhematopoietic, stem cells that were initially isolated from bone marrow. Now they can be isolated from almost every tissue of the body. They have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineage, including bone, chondrocytes, adipocytes, tenocytes and cardiomyocytes, and it makes them an attractive cell source for a new generation of cell-based regenerative therapies. In this review we try to summarize data on sources and the biological properties of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Giai Via
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata” School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Frizziero
- Department of Orthopaedic Rehabilitation, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata” School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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13591
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Łopacińska JM, Grădinaru C, Wierzbicki R, Købler C, Schmidt MS, Madsen MT, Skolimowski M, Dufva M, Flyvbjerg H, Mølhave K. Cell motility, morphology, viability and proliferation in response to nanotopography on silicon black. Nanoscale 2012; 4:3739-3745. [PMID: 22614757 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11455k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of cells' interactions with nanostructured materials is fundamental for bio-nanotechnology. We present results for how individual mouse fibroblasts from cell line NIH3T3 respond to highly spiked surfaces of silicon black that were fabricated by maskless reactive ion etching (RIE). We did standard measurements of cell viability, proliferation, and morphology on various surfaces. We also analyzed the motility of cells on the same surfaces, as recorded in time lapse movies of sparsely populated cell cultures. We find that motility and morphology vary strongly with nano-patterns, while viability and proliferation show little dependence on substrate type. We conclude that motility analysis can show a wide range of cell responses e.g. over a factor of two in cell speed to different nano-topographies, where standard assays, such as viability or proliferation, in the tested cases show much less variation of the order 10-20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Łopacińska
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345a, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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13592
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Bai Q, Assou S, Haouzi D, Ramirez JM, Monzo C, Becker F, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Hamamah S, De Vos J. Dissecting the first transcriptional divergence during human embryonic development. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:150-62. [PMID: 21750961 PMCID: PMC3285757 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The trophoblast cell lineage is specified early at the blastocyst stage, leading to the emergence of the trophectoderm and the pluripotent cells of the inner cell mass. Using a double mRNA amplification technique and a comparison with transcriptome data on pluripotent stem cells, placenta, germinal and adult tissues, we report here some essential molecular features of the human mural trophectoderm. In addition to genes known for their role in placenta (CGA, PGF, ALPPL2 and ABCG2), human trophectoderm also strongly expressed Laminins, such as LAMA1, and the GAGE Cancer/Testis genes. The very high level of ABCG2 expression in trophectoderm, 7.9-fold higher than in placenta, suggests a major role of this gene in shielding the very early embryo from xenobiotics. Several genes, including CCKBR and DNMT3L, were specifically up-regulated only in trophectoderm, indicating that the trophoblast cell lineage shares with the germinal lineage a transient burst of DNMT3L expression. A trophectoderm core transcriptional regulatory circuitry formed by 13 tightly interconnected transcription factors (CEBPA, GATA2, GATA3, GCM1, KLF5, MAFK, MSX2, MXD1, PPARD, PPARG, PPP1R13L, TFAP2C and TP63), was found to be induced in trophectoderm and maintained in placenta. The induction of this network could be recapitulated in an in vitro trophoblast differentiation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Bai
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, 34000, France
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13593
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Prchal-Murphy M, Semper C, Lassnig C, Wallner B, Gausterer C, Teppner-Klymiuk I, Kobolak J, Müller S, Kolbe T, Karaghiosoff M, Dinnyés A, Rülicke T, Leitner NR, Strobl B, Müller M. TYK2 kinase activity is required for functional type I interferon responses in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39141. [PMID: 22723949 PMCID: PMC3377589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family and is involved in cytokine signalling. In vitro analyses suggest that TYK2 also has kinase-independent, i.e., non-canonical, functions. We have generated gene-targeted mice harbouring a mutation in the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase domain. The Tyk2 kinase-inactive (Tyk2K923E) mice are viable and show no gross abnormalities. We show that kinase-active TYK2 is required for full-fledged type I interferon- (IFN) induced activation of the transcription factors STAT1-4 and for the in vivo antiviral defence against viruses primarily controlled through type I IFN actions. In addition, TYK2 kinase activity was found to be required for the protein’s stability. An inhibitory function was only observed upon over-expression of TYK2K923Ein vitro. Tyk2K923E mice represent the first model for studying the kinase-independent function of a JAK in vivo and for assessing the consequences of side effects of JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Semper
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wallner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Gausterer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Julianna Kobolak
- Genetic Reprogramming Group Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Gödöllö, Hungary
| | - Simone Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Agrobiotechnology IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina Karaghiosoff
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andras Dinnyés
- Genetic Reprogramming Group Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Gödöllö, Hungary
- Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent Istvan University, Gödöllö, Hungary
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllö, Hungary
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole R. Leitner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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13594
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Kang SK, Shin IS, Ko MS, Jo JY, Ra JC. Journey of mesenchymal stem cells for homing: strategies to enhance efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy. Stem Cells Int. 2012;2012:342968. [PMID: 22754575 PMCID: PMC3382267 DOI: 10.1155/2012/342968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) communicate with other cells in the human body and appear to "home" to areas of injury in response to signals of cellular damage, known as homing signals. This review of the state of current research on homing of MSCs suggests that favorable cellular conditions and the in vivo environment facilitate and are required for the migration of MSCs to the site of insult or injury in vivo. We review the current understanding of MSC migration and discuss strategies for enhancing both the environmental and cellular conditions that give rise to effective homing of MSCs. This may allow MSCs to quickly find and migrate to injured tissues, where they may best exert clinical benefits resulting from improved homing and the presence of increased numbers of MSCs.
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13595
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CHEN QIAOLING, CHENG PING, YIN TAO, HE HONG, YANG LI, WEI YUQUAN, CHEN XIANCHENG. Therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells producing pigment epithelium-derived factor in lung carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:527-34. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13596
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Krishnan R, Rajeswari R, Venugopal J, Sundarrajan S, Sridhar R, Shayanti M, Ramakrishna S. Polysaccharide nanofibrous scaffolds as a model for in vitro skin tissue regeneration. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2012; 23:1511-1519. [PMID: 22491895 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and nanotechnology have advanced a general strategy combining the cellular elements of living tissue with sophisticated functional biocomposites to produce living structures of sufficient size and function at a low cost for clinical relevance. Xylan, a natural polysaccharide was electrospun along with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to produce Xylan/PVA nanofibers for skin tissue engineering. The Xylan/PVA glutaraldehyde (Glu) vapor cross-linked nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, tensile testing and water contact angle measurements to analyze the morphology, functional groups, mechanical properties and wettability of the fibers for skin tissue regeneration. The cell-biomaterial interactions were studied by culturing human foreskin fibroblasts on Xylan/PVA Glu vapor cross-linked and Xylan/PVA/Glu blend nanofibrous scaffolds. The observed results showed that the mechanical properties (72 %) and fibroblast proliferation significantly increased up to 23 % (P < 0.05) in 48 h Glu vapor cross-linked nanofibers compared to 24 h Glu vapor cross-linked Xylan/PVA nanofibers. The present study may prove that the natural biodegradable Xylan/PVA nanofibrous scaffolds have good potential for fibroblast adhesion, proliferation and cell matrix interactions relevant for skin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Krishnan
- Centre for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, NUSNNI, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13597
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Abstract
The past decade has witnessed an explosion in research into adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs), facilitated by their ease of isolation from white adipose tissue (WAT) and fueled by their therapeutic potential. Recent developments have extended ASC multipotency to include endodermal and ectodermal cell types, as well as the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. This expanding multipotency has been paralleled by burgeoning translational applications, ranging from tissue engineering to anti-cancer therapy, that are currently subject to clinical trials. However, this promise is tempered by potential pitfalls, such as tumorigenicity, and is further undermined by lingering uncertainties regarding the precise identity of ASCs. Confronting these issues will be essential if we are to bypass the pitfalls and develop the promises of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Cawthorn
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States of America
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States of America
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109 United States of America
- Corresponding author Ormond A MacDougald University of Michigan Brehm Center, Room 6313 1000 Wall St Ann Arbor MI 48105 Tel: 734-647-4880 Fax: 734-232-8175
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13598
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Eyre H, Baune BT. Neuroimmunomodulation in unipolar depression: a focus on chronobiology and chronotherapeutics. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:1147-66. [PMID: 22653515 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rising burden of unipolar depression along with its often related sleep disturbances, as well as increasing rates of sleep restriction in modern society, make the search for an extended understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of depression necessary. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for the immune system in mediating disrupted neurobiological and chronobiological processes in depression. This review aims to provide an overview of the neuroimmunomodulatory processes involved with depression and antidepressant treatments with a special focus on chronobiology, chronotherapeutics and the emerging field of immune-circadian bi-directional crosstalk. Increasing evidence suggests that chronobiological disruption can mediate immune changes in depression, and likewise, immune processes can mediate chronobiological disruption. This may suggest a bi-directional relationship in immune-circadian crosstalk. Furthermore, given the immunomodulatory effects of antidepressants and chronotherapeutics, as well as their associated beneficial effects on circadian disturbance, we--and others--suggest that these therapeutic agents may exert their chronobiotic effects partially via the neuroimmune system. Further research is required to better elucidate the mechanisms of immune involvement in the chronobiology of depression.
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13599
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Bieback K, Wuchter P, Besser D, Franke W, Becker M, Ott M, Pacher M, Ma N, Stamm C, Klüter H, Müller A, Ho AD; for the START-MSC consortium. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs): science and f(r)iction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:773-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13600
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Gunetti M, Castiglia S, Rustichelli D, Mareschi K, Sanavio F, Muraro M, Signorino E, Castello L, Ferrero I, Fagioli F. Validation of analytical methods in GMP: the disposable Fast Read 102® device, an alternative practical approach for cell counting. J Transl Med 2012; 10:112. [PMID: 22650233 PMCID: PMC3502295 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The quality and safety of advanced therapy products must be maintained throughout their production and quality control cycle to ensure their final use in patients. We validated the cell count method according to the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use and European Pharmacopoeia, considering the tests’ accuracy, precision, repeatability, linearity and range. Methods As the cell count is a potency test, we checked accuracy, precision, and linearity, according to ICH Q2. Briefly our experimental approach was first to evaluate the accuracy of Fast Read 102® compared to the Bürker chamber. Once the accuracy of the alternative method was demonstrated, we checked the precision and linearity test only using Fast Read 102®. The data were statistically analyzed by average, standard deviation and coefficient of variation percentages inter and intra operator. Results All the tests performed met the established acceptance criteria of a coefficient of variation of less than ten percent. For the cell count, the precision reached by each operator had a coefficient of variation of less than ten percent (total cells) and under five percent (viable cells). The best range of dilution, to obtain a slope line value very similar to 1, was between 1:8 and 1:128. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that the Fast Read 102® count method is accurate, precise and ensures the linearity of the results obtained in a range of cell dilution. Under our standard method procedures, this assay may thus be considered a good quality control method for the cell count as a batch release quality control test. Moreover, the Fast Read 102® chamber is a plastic, disposable device that allows a number of samples to be counted in the same chamber. Last but not least, it overcomes the problem of chamber washing after use and so allows a cell count in a clean environment such as that in a Cell Factory. In a good manufacturing practice setting the disposable cell counting devices will allow a single use of the count chamber they can then be thrown away, thus avoiding the waste disposal of vital dye (e.g. Trypan Blue) or lysing solution (e.g. Tuerk solution).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gunetti
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, Turin 10126, Italy.
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