14301
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Spinelli V, Guillot PV, De Coppi P. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human fetal stem cells (hFSCs). Organogenesis 2013; 9:101-10. [PMID: 23823661 DOI: 10.4161/org.25197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION (1) Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent but are difficult to be used for therapy because of immunological, oncological and ethical barriers. (2) Pluripotent cells exist in vivo, i.e., germ cells and epiblast cells but cannot be isolated without sacrificing the developing embryo. (3) Reprogramming to pluripotency is possible from adult cells using ectopic expression of OKSM and other integrative and non-integrative techniques. (4) Hurdles to overcome include i.e stability of the phenotype in relation to epigenetic memory. SOURCES OF DATA We reviewed the literature related to reprogramming, pluripotency and fetal stem cells. AREAS OF AGREEMENT (1) Fetal stem cells present some advantageous characteristics compared with their neonatal and postnatal counterparts, with regards to cell size, growth kinetics, and differentiation potential, as well as in vivo tissue repair capacity. (2) Amniotic fluid stem cells are more easily reprogrammed to pluripotency than adult fibroblast. (3) The parental population is heterogeneous and present an intermediate phenotype between ES and adult somatic stem cells, expressing markers of both. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY (1) It is unclear whether induced pluripotent stem (iPS) derived from amniotic fluid stem cells are fully or partially reprogrammed. (2) Optimal protocols to ensure highest efficiency and phenotype stability remains to be determined. (3) The "level" of reprogramming, fully vs partial, of iPS derived from amniotic fluid stem cells remain to be determined. GROWING POINTS Banking of fully reprogrammed cells may be important both for (1) autologous and allogenic applications in medicine, and (2) disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spinelli
- Surgery Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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14302
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Collet G, Grillon C, Nadim M, Kieda C. Trojan horse at cellular level for tumor gene therapies. Gene 2013; 525:208-16. [PMID: 23542073 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Among innovative strategies developed for cancer treatments, gene therapies stand of great interest despite their well-known limitations in targeting, delivery, toxicity or stability. The success of any given gene-therapy is highly dependent on the carrier efficiency. New approaches are often revisiting the mythic trojan horse concept to carry therapeutic nucleic acid, i.e. DNAs, RNAs or small interfering RNAs, to pathologic tumor site. Recent investigations are focusing on engineering carrying modalities to overtake the above limitations bringing new promise to cancer patients. This review describes recent advances and perspectives for gene therapies devoted to tumor treatment, taking advantage of available knowledge in biotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Collet
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301 CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, cedex 2, France.
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14303
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Ravichandran R, Venugopal JR, Sundarrajan S, Mukherjee S, Ramakrishna S. Cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on elastomeric poly (glycerol sebacate)/collagen core/shell fibers. World J Cardiol 2013; 5:28-41. [PMID: 23539543 PMCID: PMC3610004 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v5.i3.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To facilitate engineering of suitable biomaterials to meet the challenges associated with myocardial infarction.
METHODS: Poly (glycerol sebacate)/collagen (PGS/collagen) core/shell fibers were fabricated by core/shell electrospinning technique, with core as PGS and shell as collagen polymer; and the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle and tensile testing for cardiac tissue engineering. Collagen nanofibers were also fabricated by electrospinning for comparison with core/shell fibers. Studies on cell-scaffold interaction were carried out using cardiac cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-culture system with cardiac cells and MSCs separately serving as positive and negative controls respectively. The co-culture system was characterized for cell proliferation and differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyogenic lineage in the co-culture environment using dual immunocytochemistry. The co-culture cells were stained with cardiac specific marker proteins like actinin and troponin and MSC specific marker protein CD 105 for proving the cardiogenic differentiation of MSCs. Further the morphology of cells was analyzed using SEM.
RESULTS: PGS/collagen core/shell fibers, core is PGS polymer having an elastic modulus related to that of cardiac fibers and shell as collagen, providing natural environment for cellular activities like cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. SEM micrographs of electrospun fibrous scaffolds revealed porous, beadless, uniform fibers with a fiber diameter in the range of 380 ± 77 nm and 1192 ± 277 nm for collagen fibers and PGS/collagen core/shell fibers respectively. The obtained PGS/collagen core/shell fibrous scaffolds were hydrophilic having a water contact angle of 17.9 ± 4.6° compared to collagen nanofibers which had a contact angle value of 30 ± 3.2°. The PGS/collagen core/shell fibers had mechanical properties comparable to that of native heart muscle with a young’s modulus of 4.24 ± 0.7 MPa, while that of collagen nanofibers was comparatively higher around 30.11 ± 1.68 MPa. FTIR spectrum was performed to confirm the functional groups present in the electrospun scaffolds. Amide I and amide II of collagen were detected at 1638.95 cm-1 and 1551.64 cm-1 in the electrospun collagen fibers and at 1646.22 cm-1 and 1540.73 cm-1 for PGS/collagen core/shell fibers respectively. Cell culture studies performed using MSCs and cardiac cells co-culture environment, indicated that the cell proliferation significantly increased on PGS/collagen core/shell scaffolds compared to collagen fibers and the cardiac marker proteins actinin and troponin were expressed more on PGS/collagen core/shell scaffolds compared to collagen fibers alone. Dual immunofluorescent staining was performed to further confirm the cardiogenic differentiation of MSCs by employing MSC specific marker protein, CD 105 and cardiac specific marker protein, actinin. SEM observations of cardiac cells showed normal morphology on PGS/collagen fibers and providing adequate tensile strength for the regeneration of myocardial infarction.
CONCLUSION: Combination of PGS/collagen fibers and cardiac cells/MSCs co-culture system providing natural microenvironments to improve cell survival and differentiation, could bring cardiac tissue engineering to clinical application.
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14304
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Gandhimathi C, Venugopal J, Ravichandran R, Sundarrajan S, Suganya S, Ramakrishna S. Mimicking nanofibrous hybrid bone substitute for mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into osteogenesis. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:696-706. [PMID: 23529905 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking hybrid extracellular matrix is one of the main challenges for bone tissue engineering (BTE). Biocompatible polycaprolactone/poly(α,β)-DL-aspartic acid/collagen nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) was deposited by calcium phosphate dipping method for BTE. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these hybrid scaffolds to investigate the cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation by alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, double immunofluorescent staining using CD90 and expression of osteocalcin. The present study indicated that the PCL/PAA/collagen/n-HA scaffolds promoted greater osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, proving to be a potential hybrid scaffolds for BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnasamy Gandhimathi
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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14305
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Ma Y, Chen Z, Jin Y, Liu W. Identification of a histone acetyltransferase as a novel regulator of Drosophila
intestinal stem cells. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1489-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14306
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The uncertain role of unmodified mesenchymal stem cells in tumor progression: what master switch? Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:22. [PMID: 23510751 PMCID: PMC3707017 DOI: 10.1186/scrt170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as promising gene vectors for cancer therapy because of their unique characteristics, including the ease of their expansion and genetic modification and their remarkable tumor-tropic properties. However, there remains a concern that MSCs may promote cancer progression. Surprisingly, there are conflicting reports within the literature describing both the promotion and inhibition of cancer progression by MSCs. The reasons for this discrepancy are still unknown. The surface markers, differentiation ability, and tumorigenic roles of MSCs, as well as their effect on immunoregulation, produce heterogeneity. In this review, we describe the heterogeneity of MSCs by the species from which they are derived, the methodology for their isolation and the context of their interactions with cancer cells. The conflicting roles of MSCs in tumor progression may be attributable to the bimodal effect of unmodified MSCs on immunoregulation. MSCs have been reported to suppress T-cell function and inhibit graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). On the other hand, MSCs elicit the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect in some cases. Selective allodepletion may be used to dissociate GVHD from the GVT effect. Understanding the conditions that balance GVHD and the GVT effect of MSCs may be crucial to advance cancer therapy research with respect to MSCs.
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14307
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Hsiao ST, Lokmic Z, Peshavariya H, Abberton KM, Dusting GJ, Lim SY, Dilley RJ. Hypoxic conditioning enhances the angiogenic paracrine activity of human adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1614-23. [PMID: 23282141 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) secrete cytokines and growth factors that can be harnessed in a paracrine fashion for promotion of angiogenesis, cell survival, and activation of endogenous stem cells. We recently showed that hypoxia is a powerful stimulus for an angiogenic activity from ASCs in vitro and here we investigate the biological significance of this paracrine activity in an in vivo angiogenesis model. A single in vitro exposure of ASCs to severe hypoxia (<0.1% O2) significantly increased both the transcriptional and translational level of the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and angiogenin (ANG). The angiogenicity of the ASC-conditioned medium (ASC(CM)) was assessed by implanting ASC(CM)-treated polyvinyl alcohol sponges subcutaneously for 2 weeks in mice. The morphometric analysis of anti-CD31-immunolabeled sponge sections demonstrated an increased angiogenesis with hypoxic ASC(CM) treatment compared to normoxic control ASC(CM) treatment (percentage vascular volume; 6.0%±0.5% in the hypoxic ASC(CM) vs. 4.1%±0.7% in the normoxic ASC(CM), P<0.05). Reduction of VEGF-A and ANG levels in the ASC(CM) with respective neutralizing antibodies before sponge implantation showed a significantly diminished angiogenic response (3.5%±0.5% in anti-VEGF-A treated, 3.2%±0.7% in anti-ANG treated, and 3.5%±0.6% in anti-VEGF-A/ANG treated). Further, both the normoxic and hypoxic ASC(CM) were able to sustain in vivo lymphangiogenesis in sponges. Collectively, the model demonstrated that the increased paracrine production of the VEGF-A and ANG in hypoxic-conditioned ASCs in vitro translated to an in vivo effect with a favorable biological significance. These results further illustrate the potential for utilization of an in vitro optimized ASC(CM) for in vivo angiogenesis-related applications as an effective cell-free technology.
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14308
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Yasuda T, Cuny H, Adams DJ. Kv3.1 channels stimulate adult neural precursor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. J Physiol 2013; 591:2579-91. [PMID: 23478135 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.249151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) play a pivotal role in neuronal plasticity throughout life. Among ion channels identified in adult NPCs, voltage-gated delayed rectifier K(+) (KDR) channels are dominantly expressed. However, the KDR channel subtype and its physiological role are still undefined. We used real-time quantitative RT-PCR and gene knockdown techniques to identify a major functional KDR channel subtype in adult NPCs. Dominant mRNA expression of Kv3.1, a high voltage-gated KDR channel, was quantitatively confirmed. Kv3.1 gene knockdown with specific small interfering RNAs (siRNA) for Kv3.1 significantly inhibited Kv3.1 mRNA expression by 63.9% (P < 0.001) and KDR channel currents by 52.2% (P < 0.001). This indicates that Kv3.1 is the subtype responsible for producing KDR channel outward currents. Resting membrane properties, such as resting membrane potential, of NPCs were not affected by Kv3.1 expression. Kv3.1 knockdown with 300 nm siRNA inhibited NPC growth (increase in cell numbers) by 52.9% (P < 0.01). This inhibition was attributed to decreased cell proliferation, not increased cell apoptosis. We also established a convenient in vitro imaging assay system to evaluate NPC differentiation using NPCs from doublecortin-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice. Kv3.1 knockdown also significantly reduced neuronal differentiation by 31.4% (P < 0.01). We have demonstrated that Kv3.1 is a dominant functional KDR channel subtype expressed in adult NPCs and plays key roles in NPC proliferation and neuronal lineage commitment during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yasuda
- Center for Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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14309
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Bölgen N, Korkusuz P, Vargel İ, Kılıç E, Güzel E, Çavuşoğlu T, Uçkan D, Pişkin E. Stem cell suspension injected HEMA-lactate-dextran cryogels for regeneration of critical sized bone defects. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 42:70-7. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.775578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14310
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Simões IN, Boura JS, dos Santos F, Andrade PZ, Cardoso CMP, Gimble JM, da Silva CL, Cabral JMS. Human mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord matrix: successful isolation and ex vivo expansion using serum-/xeno-free culture media. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:448-58. [PMID: 23420807 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) could potentially be applied in therapeutic settings due to their multilineage differentiation ability, immunomodulatory properties, as well as their trophic activity. The umbilical cord matrix (UCM) represents a promising source of MSC for biomedical applications. The number of cells isloated per umbilical cord (UC) unit is limited and ex vivo expansion is imperative in order to reach clinically meaningful cell numbers. The limitations of poorly defined reagents (e.g. fetal bovine serum, which is commonly used as a supplement for human MSC expansion) make the use of serum-/xeno-free conditions mandatory. We demonstrated the feasibility of isolating UCM-MSC by plastic adherence using serum-/xeno-free culture medium following enzymatic digestion of UCs, with a 100% success rate. 2.6 ± 0.21 × 10(5) cells were isolated per UC unit, of which 1.9 ± 0.21 × 10(5) were MSC-like cells expressing CD73, CD90, and CD105. When compared to adult sources (bone marrow-derived MSC and adipose-derived stem/stromal cells), UCM-MSC displayed a similar immunophenotype and similar multilineage differentiation ability, while demonstrating a higher expansion potential (average fold increase of 7.4 for serum-containing culture medium and 11.0 for xeno-free culture medium (P3-P6)). The isolation and expansion of UCM-MSC under defined serum-/xeno-free conditions contributes to safer and more effective MSC cellular products, boosting the usefulness of MSC in cellular therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N Simões
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
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14311
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Wang LP, Wang Y, Zhao LM, Li GR, Deng XL. Angiotensin II upregulates K(Ca)3.1 channels and stimulates cell proliferation in rat cardiac fibroblasts. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1486-94. [PMID: 23500546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts is implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial remodeling and fibrosis. Intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K⁺ channels (K(Ca)3.1 channels) have important roles in cell proliferation. However, it is unknown whether angiotensin II (Ang II), a potent profibrotic molecule, would regulate K(Ca)3.1 channels in cardiac fibroblasts and participate in cell proliferation. In the present study, we investigated whether K(Ca)3.1 channels were regulated by Ang II, and how the channel activity mediated cell proliferation in cultured adult rat cardiac fibroblasts using electrophysiology and biochemical approaches. It was found that mRNA, protein, and current density of K(Ca)3.1 channels were greatly enhanced in cultured cardiac fibroblasts treated with 1 μM Ang II, and the effects were countered by the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT₁R) blocker losartan, the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580, the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, and the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. Ang II stimulated cell proliferation and the effect was antagonized by the K(Ca)3.1 blocker TRAM-34 and siRNA targeting K(Ca)3.1. In addition, Ang II-induced increase of K(Ca)3.1 expression was attenuated by transfection of activator protein-1 (AP-1) decoy oligodeoxynucleotides. These results demonstrate for the first time that Ang II stimulates cell proliferation mediated by upregulating K(Ca)3.1 channels via interacting with the AT₁R and activating AP-1 complex through ERK1/2, p38-MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in cultured adult rat cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi, China
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14312
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Patrikoski M, Juntunen M, Boucher S, Campbell A, Vemuri MC, Mannerström B, Miettinen S. Development of fully defined xeno-free culture system for the preparation and propagation of cell therapy-compliant human adipose stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:27. [PMID: 23497764 PMCID: PMC3707027 DOI: 10.1186/scrt175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipose tissue is an attractive and abundant source of multipotent stem cells. Human adipose stem cells (ASCs) have shown to have therapeutic relevancy in diverse clinical applications. Nevertheless, expansion of ASCs is often necessary before performing clinical studies. Standard in vitro cell-culture techniques use animal-derived reagents that should be avoided in clinical use because of safety issues. Therefore, xeno- and serum-free (XF/SF) reagents are highly desirable for enhancing the safety and quality of the transplanted ASCs. Methods In the current study, animal component-free isolation and cell-expansion protocols were developed for ASCs. StemPro MSC SFM XF medium with either CELLstart™ CTS™ coating or Coating Matrix Kit were tested for their ability to support XF/SF growth. Basic stem-cell characteristics such as immunophenotype (CD3, CD11a, CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45RO, CD54, CD73, CD80, CD86, CD90, CD105, HLA-DR), proliferation, and differentiation potential were assessed in XF/SF conditions and compared with human serum (HS) or traditionally used fetal bovine serum (FBS) cultures. Results ASCs cultured in XF/SF conditions had significantly higher proliferation rates compared with HS/FBS cultures. Characteristic immunophenotypes of ASCs were maintained in every condition; however, cells expanded in XF/SF conditions showed significantly lower expression of CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1, ICAM-1) at low passage number. Further, multilineage differentiation potential of ASCs was maintained in every culture condition. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that the novel XF/SF conditions maintained the basic stem cell features of ASCs and the animal-free workflow followed in this study has great potential in clinical cell therapies.
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14313
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Furuhashi K, Tsuboi N, Shimizu A, Katsuno T, Kim H, Saka Y, Ozaki T, Sado Y, Imai E, Matsuo S, Maruyama S. Serum-starved adipose-derived stromal cells ameliorate crescentic GN by promoting immunoregulatory macrophages. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:587-603. [PMID: 23471196 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue have immunomodulatory effects, suggesting that they may have therapeutic potential for crescentic GN. Here, we systemically administered adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) in a rat model of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease and found that this treatment protected against renal injury and decreased proteinuria, crescent formation, and infiltration by glomerular leukocytes, including neutrophils, CD8(+) T cells, and CD68(+) macrophages. Interestingly, ASCs cultured under low-serum conditions (LASCs), but not bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), increased the number of immunoregulatory CD163(+) macrophages in diseased glomeruli. Macrophages cocultured with ASCs, but not with BM-MSCs, adopted an immunoregulatory phenotype. Notably, LASCs polarized macrophages into CD163(+) immunoregulatory cells associated with IL-10 production more efficiently than ASCs cultured under high-serum conditions. Pharmaceutical ablation of PGE2 production, blocking the EP4 receptor, or neutralizing IL-6 in the coculture medium all significantly reversed this LASC-induced conversion of macrophages. Furthermore, pretreating LASCs with aspirin or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors impaired the ability of LASCs to ameliorate nephritogenic IgG-mediated renal injury. Taken together, these results suggest that LASCs exert renoprotective effects in anti-GBM GN by promoting the phenotypic conversion of macrophages to immunoregulatory cells, suggesting that LASC transfer may represent a therapeutic strategy for crescentic GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Furuhashi
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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14314
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Dillman RO, Cornforth AN, Nistor G. Cancer stem cell antigen-based vaccines: the preferred strategy for active specific immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:643-56. [PMID: 23451922 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.759556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are now two chemotherapy agents, one tyrosine kinase inhibitor and three immunotherapy products approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, but an unmet need persists because these options are toxic and of limited therapeutic benefit. Active specific immunotherapy with therapeutic vaccines could be a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium, especially in patients whose tumor burden has been reduced by other treatment modalities. AREAS COVERED This article reviews various sources of melanoma antigens, such as peptides, gangliosides, autologous tumor and cancer stem cells including allogeneic and autologous cell lines. The advantages and disadvantages of various antigen sources and allogeneic and autologous approaches are discussed with an emphasis on the theoretical benefits of immunizing against cancer stem cells. The results from published randomized trials testing the benefit of various vaccine approaches are summarized, as well as promising results from three Phase II trials (one randomized) of patient-specific stem cell antigen-based products. EXPERT OPINION Immune responses directed toward the unique neoantigens and stem cell antigens expressed on continuously proliferating, self-renewing, autologous tumor cells could potentially overcome the limitations inherent in these other antigen-based approaches, that to date, have yielded disappointing results in randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert O Dillman
- Hoag Institute for Research and Education, Hoag Hospital, One Hoag Dr, Bldg 44 Suite 210, Newport Beach, California 92663, USA.
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14315
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Song K, Wang H, Zhang B, Lim M, Liu Y, Liu T. Numerical simulation of fluid field and in vitro three-dimensional fabrication of tissue-engineered bones in a rotating bioreactor and in vivo implantation for repairing segmental bone defects. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:193-201. [PMID: 23054889 PMCID: PMC3581632 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, two-dimensional flow field simulation was conducted to determine shear stresses and velocity profiles for bone tissue engineering in a rotating wall vessel bioreactor (RWVB). In addition, in vitro three-dimensional fabrication of tissue-engineered bones was carried out in optimized bioreactor conditions, and in vivo implantation using fabricated bones was performed for segmental bone defects of Zelanian rabbits. The distribution of dynamic pressure, total pressure, shear stress, and velocity within the culture chamber was calculated for different scaffold locations. According to the simulation results, the dynamic pressure, velocity, and shear stress around the surface of cell-scaffold construction periodically changed at different locations of the RWVB, which could result in periodical stress stimulation for fabricated tissue constructs. However, overall shear stresses were relatively low, and the fluid velocities were uniform in the bioreactor. Our in vitro experiments showed that the number of cells cultured in the RWVB was five times higher than those cultured in a T-flask. The tissue-engineered bones grew very well in the RWVB. This study demonstrates that stress stimulation in an RWVB can be beneficial for cell/bio-derived bone constructs fabricated in an RWVB, with an application for repairing segmental bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Song
- />Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China
| | - Hai Wang
- />Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- />Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China
| | - Mayasari Lim
- />Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - YingChao Liu
- />Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- />Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China
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14316
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Bai Q, Desprat R, Klein B, Lemaitre JM, De Vos J. Embryonic Stem Cells or Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells? A DNA Integrity Perspective. Curr Gene Ther 2013; 13:93-8. [DOI: 10.2174/1566523211313020003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14317
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Usage of Plasmid Vector Carrying vegf and fgf2 Genes after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013; 154:544-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-1996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14318
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Abstract
During the last decade adenovirus has lost its appeal in gene therapy due to a high immunogenicity that leads to a transient gene expression. However, adenovirus has gained attention as replication-competent vector to treat cancer. Designed for virotherapy, adenovirus has been successfully modified to replicate selectively in tumor cells. After the initial clinical trials with tumor-selective adenoviruses, it has become clear that further improvements on tumor targeting, intratumoral dissemination, and modulation of antiviral and antitumor immune responses are needed to effectively treat cancer. The non-viral delivery of infectious DNA encoding an oncolytic adenovirus armed with extracellular matrix-degrading genes and with genes that regulate the immune system to favor antitumor instead of antiviral immunity are key in the design oncolytic adenovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Alemany
- Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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14319
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Men H, Bryda EC. Derivation of a germline competent transgenic Fischer 344 embryonic stem cell line. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56518. [PMID: 23437152 PMCID: PMC3577902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cell-based gene manipulation is an effective method for the generation of mutant animal models in mice and rats. Availability of germline-competent ES cell lines from inbred rat strains would allow for creation of new genetically modified models in the desired genetic background. Fischer344 (F344) males carrying an enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) transgene were used as the founder animals for the derivation of ES cell lines. After establishment of ES cell lines, rigorous quality control testing that included assessment of pluripotency factor expression, karyotype analysis, and pathogen/sterility testing was conducted in selected ES cell lines. One male ES cell line, F344-Tg.EC4011, was further evaluated for germline competence by injection into Dark Agouti (DA) X Sprague Dawley (SD) blastocysts. Resulting chimeric animals were bred with wild-type SD mates and germline transmissibility of the ES cell line was confirmed by identification of pups carrying the ES cell line-derived EGFP transgene. This is the first report of a germline competent F344 ES cell line. The availability of a new germline competent ES cell line with a stable fluorescence reporter from an inbred transgenic rat strain provides an important new resource for genetic manipulations to create new rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Men
- Rat Resource and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth C. Bryda
- Rat Resource and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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14320
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Renzi S, Riccò S, Dotti S, Sesso L, Grolli S, Cornali M, Carlin S, Patruno M, Cinotti S, Ferrari M. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells for regeneration of injured equine ligaments and tendons: a clinical report. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:272-7. [PMID: 23419936 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) in orthopedic practice has recently and rapidly acquired an important role. Therapies based on the use of MSCs for the treatment of acute injuries as well as chronic inflammatory disorders are gradually becoming clinical routine. These cells have demonstrated intriguing therapeutic potentialities (i.e.: inflammation control, tissue regeneration and pathological scar prevention), that have been taken into consideration for use in both human and veterinary medicine. In particular, horses represent high performance athletes considered models for human pathologies since musculo-skeletal disorders frequently occur in this species. In the past, repair of tendon injures were performed by different methods. In particular, clinical therapy was based on ice application, bandage, box rest and controlled exercise. An alternative approach consisted on the use of corticosteroid (inflammation reduction) and other drugs (sodium hyaluronate, polysulphated glycosaminoglycans, beta aminoproprionitrile fumarate). Furthermore, surgical treatments like accessory ligament desmotomy, local irritation by line firing or pin firing were commonly used. More recently ultrasound, laser therapy, electromagnetic field therapy have been considered. Unfortunately, they did not allow complete tissue healing and quite often animals did not regain competitiveness. In order to minimize this inconvenience, the use of MSCs has been introduced as an alternative to the traditional approach since it represents a potential tool to improve tissue regeneration. Aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of MSCs to improve the functional outcome of horses affected by tendonitis and desmitis. Thirty-three breed and activity-matched horses affected by tendonitis or desmitis, were included in clinical trial scored for lesions and subdivided into two groups. Group 1 animals were treated with autologous MSCs, associated with platelet rich plasma (group 1). Bone marrow samples were collected from the sternum of the treated horses and processed in order to isolate MSCs. Following cell therapy, they were subjected to a rehabilitation period and their ability to resume training was evaluated. In this study, implanted MSCs caused no adverse reactions and thirteen out of the eighteen inoculated horses returned to race competitions. On the contrary, no improvement was seen in the twelve animals of group 2 treated with pin firing, that were not able to resume sport activity. In conclusion the clinical trial proves the safety of equine bone-marrow derived MSCs and a successful outcome of the treated animals that returned to their previous level of sport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Renzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
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14321
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p53 is required for brown adipogenic differentiation and has a protective role against diet-induced obesity. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:774-83. [PMID: 23412343 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of white and brown adipogenic differentiation is important for maintaining an organism's metabolic profile in a homeostatic state. The recent observations showing that the p53 tumor suppressor plays a role in metabolism raise the question of whether it is involved in the regulation of white and brown adipocyte differentiation. By using several in vitro models, representing various stages of white adipocyte differentiation, we found that p53 exerts a suppressive effect on white adipocyte differentiation in both mouse and human cells. Moreover, our in vivo analysis indicated that p53 is implicated in protection against diet-induced obesity. In striking contrast, our data shows that p53 exerts a positive regulatory effect on brown adipocyte differentiation. Abrogation of p53 function in skeletal muscle committed cells reduced their capacity to differentiate into brown adipocytes and histological analysis of brown adipose tissue revealed an impaired morphology in both embryonic and adult p53-null mice. Thus, depending on the specific adipogenic differentiation program, p53 may exert a positive or a negative effect. This cell type dependent regulation reflects an additional modality of p53 in maintaining a homeostatic state, not only in the cell, but also in the organism at large.
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14322
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Loiola RA, Torres TC, Aburaya CM, Landgraf MA, Landgraf RG, Bosco Pesquero J, Fernandes L. Generation and characterization of a spontaneously immortalized endothelial cell line from mice microcirculation. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1102-10. [PMID: 23416243 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells from microvasculature are directly involved in a large number of vascular diseases; however, culture of these cells is problematic, since most methodologies employ proteolytic enzymes or mechanical techniques, leading to cell damage and contamination of endothelial cultures with other cellular types. Besides, primary cultured cells have a short life span in vitro and undergo replicative senescence after 3-4 passages, limiting long-term studies. In the present work we report the generation of a spontaneously immortalized endothelial culture obtained from mice pulmonary capillaries. Firstly, primary (third passage) and immortalized (100th) cultures were established. Further, monoclonal populations were obtained by serial dilutions from immortalized cultures. Cells were analyzed according to: (1) morphological appearance, (2) expression of specific endothelial markers by fluorescent staining [von Willebrand Factor (vWF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and Ulex europaeus (UEA-1)] and by flow cytometry (endoglin, VE-cadherin and VCAM-1), and (3) release of nitric oxide (NO), assessed by the specific fluorescent dye DAF-2 DA, and prostacyclin (PGI2), quantified by enzyme immune assay. In both cultures cells grew in monolayers and presented cobblestone appearance at confluence. Positive staining for vWF, eNOS, ACE and UEA-1 was detected in cloned as well as in early-passage cultured cells. Similarly, cultures presented equal expressions of endoglin, VE-cadherin and VCAM-1. Values of NO and PGI2 levels did not differ between cultures. From these results we confirm that the described spontaneously immortalized endothelial cell line is capable of unlimited growth and retains typical morphological and functional properties exhibited by primary cultured cells. Therefore, the endothelial cell line described in the present study can become a suitable tool in the field of endothelium research and can be useful for the investigation of production of endothelial mediators, angiogenesis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Loiola
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, Rua São Nicolau 210, Diadema, São Paulo 09913-030, Brazil.
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14323
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Lomas AJ, Webb WR, Han J, Chen GQ, Sun X, Zhang Z, El Haj AJ, Forsyth NR. Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/collagen hybrid scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 19:577-85. [PMID: 23281705 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits associated with polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in tissue engineering include high immunotolerance, low toxicity, and biodegradability. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx), a molecule from the PHA family of biopolymers, shares these features. In this study, the applicability of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), spontaneously differentiated hESCs (SDhESCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in conjunction with PHBHHx and collagen as a biocompatible replacement strategy for damaged tissues was exploited. Collagen gel contraction was monitored by seeding cells at controlled densities (0, 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5) cells/mL) and measuring length and diameter at regular time intervals thereafter when cultured in a complete medium. Cell viability was measured by trypan blue exclusion assay. Porous PHBHHx tube scaffolds were prepared using a dipping method followed by salt leaching. PHBHHx/collagen composites were generated via syringe injection of collagen/cell mixtures into sterile PHBHHx porous tubes. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the fate of cells within PHBHHx/collagen scaffolds with tendon, bone, cartilage, and fat-linked transcript expression being explored at days 0, 5 10, and 20. The capacity of PHBHHx/collagen scaffolds to support differentiation was explored using a medium specific for osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineage generation. Collagen gel tube contraction required initial seeding densities of ≥10(5) hMSCs or SDhESCs in 1.5 mg/mL collagen gel tubes. Gels with a collagen concentration of 3 mg/mL did not display contraction across the examined cell seeding densities. Cell viability was ∼50% for SDhESC and 90% for hMSCs at all cell densities tested in porous PHBHHx tube/3 mg/mL collagen hybrid scaffolds after 20 days in vitro culture. Undifferentiated hESCs did not contract collagen gel tubes and were unviable after 20 days culture. In the absence of additional stimuli, SOX9 was sporadically found, while RUNX2 was not present in both hMSC and SDhESC. Hybrid scaffolds were shown to promote retention of osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation by expression of RUNX2, SOX9, and PPARγ genes, respectively, following exposure to the appropriate induction medium. PHBHHx/collagen scaffolds have been successfully used to culture hMSC and SDhESC over an extended period supporting the potential of this scaffold combination in future tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Lomas
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
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14324
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Santoni G, Farfariello V, Liberati S, Morelli MB, Nabissi M, Santoni M, Amantini C. The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type-2 ion channels in innate and adaptive immune responses. Front Immunol 2013; 4:34. [PMID: 23420671 PMCID: PMC3572502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid type-2 (TRPV2), belonging to the transient receptor potential channel family, is a specialized ion channel expressed in human and other mammalian immune cells. This channel has been found to be expressed in CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells, where its cytosolic Ca(2) (+) activity is crucial for stem/progenitor cell cycle progression, growth, and differentiation. In innate immune cells, TRPV2 is expressed in granulocytes, macrophages, and monocytes where it stimulates fMet-Leu-Phe migration, zymosan-, immunoglobulin G-, and complement-mediated phagocytosis, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 production. In mast cells, activation of TRPV2 allows intracellular Ca(2) (+) ions flux, thus stimulating protein kinase A-dependent degranulation. In addition, TRPV2 is highly expressed in CD56(+) natural killer cells. TRPV2 orchestrates Ca(2) (+) signal in T cell activation, proliferation, and effector functions. Moreover, messenger RNA for TRPV2 are expressed in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Finally, TRPV2 is expressed in CD19(+) B lymphocytes where it regulates Ca(2) (+) release during B cell development and activation. Overall, the specific expression of TRPV2 in immune cells suggests a role in immune-mediated diseases and offers new potential targets for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino Camerino, Italy
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14325
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Gothard D, Dawson JI, Oreffo ROC. Assessing the potential of colony morphology for dissecting the CFU-F population from human bone marrow stromal cells. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 352:237-47. [PMID: 23397425 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide an ideal cell source for bone tissue engineering strategies. However, bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) populations that contain MSCs are highly heterogeneous expressing a wide variety of proliferative and differentiation potentials. Current MSC isolation methods employing magnetic-activated and fluorescent-activated cell sorting can be expensive and time consuming and, in the absence of specific MSC markers, fail to generate homogeneous populations. We have investigated the potential of various colony morphology descriptors to provide correlations with cell growth potential. Density-independent colony forming unit-fibroblastic (CFU-F) capacity is a MSC prerequisite and resultant colonies display an array of shapes and sizes that might be representative of cell function. Parent colonies were initially categorised according to their diameter and cell density and grouped before passage for the subsequent assessment of progeny colonies. Whereas significant morphological differences between distinct parent populations indicated a correlation with immunophenotype, enhanced CFU-F capacity was not observed when individual colonies were isolated according to these morphological parameters. Colony circularity, an alternative morphological measure, displayed a strong correlation with subsequent cell growth potential. The current study indicates the potential of morphological descriptors for predicting cell growth rate and suggests new directions for research into dissection of human BMSC CFU-F populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gothard
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
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14326
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Faulkner-Jones A, Greenhough S, A King J, Gardner J, Courtney A, Shu W. Development of a valve-based cell printer for the formation of human embryonic stem cell spheroid aggregates. Biofabrication 2013; 5:015013. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/5/1/015013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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14327
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Zeppieri M, Salvetat ML, Beltrami AP, Cesselli D, Bergamin N, Russo R, Cavaliere F, Varano GP, Alcalde I, Merayo J, Brusini P, Beltrami CA, Parodi PC. Human adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of chemically burned rat cornea: preliminary results. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:451-63. [PMID: 23373736 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.763100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) are multipotent, safe, non-immunogenic and can differentiate into functional keratocytes in situ. The topical use of ADSC derived from human processed lipoaspirate was investigated for treating injured rat cornea. METHODS A total of 19 rats were used. Six animals initially underwent corneal lesion experiments with 0.5 N NaOH (right eye) and 0.2 N (left). The 0.2 NaOH protocol was then used in 13 rats. All 26 eyes of 13 rats eyes received topical azythromycin bid for 3 d and divided into five treatment groups (n = 5 eyes/group), which included: control, stem cells, serum, stem + serum and adipose (raw human lipoaspirate). The four treatment groups received topical treatment three times daily for 3 d. Stem cells were isolated and harvested from human lipoaspirate. Topical eye drops were prepared daily with 1 × 10(5) cells/treatment. Fluorescein positive defect area and light microscope assessment was performed at 20, 28, 45, 50 and 74 h. Animals were sacrificed at 74 h for histological evaluation. Data were statistically analyzed for differences amongst groups. RESULTS The stem cell-treated eyes had significantly smaller epithelial defects at each time point compared to control- and adipose-treated eyes (p < 0.05). This group showed slightly better epithelium healing than the serum and combined group, yet not significantly different. Histology showed that stem cell-treated corneas had complete re-epithelization, with less inflammatory cells and limited fibroblast activation structure compared with the control eyes. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results show that topical treatment with ADSC seems to improve corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Santa Mariadella Misericordia, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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14328
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Targeted therapy of cancer stem cells: science or fiction. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:135-8. [PMID: 23343151 DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14329
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Qi Q, Zhou Q, Li Y, Li W, Chen F, Qin J. [Study on transduction of IL-24 gene in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by lentiviral vector]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2013; 16:7-11. [PMID: 23327867 PMCID: PMC6000461 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2013.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to know, no any study on using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) as cells carrier of tumor suppressor gene (IL-24) was reported. The aim of this study is to study the efficiency of transduction of hBMSCs by constructing the lentiviral vector in co-expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene and human IL-24 gene, and to lay a foundation for gene therapy of tumor in the future. METHODS The lentivector which contain IL-24 and EGFP constructed by recombinant DNA technology were co-transfected to 293FT cells with ViraPowerTM Lentiviral Packaging Mix. The recombinant lentivirus infected with hBMSCs were selected and purified by puromycin. Expression of IL-24 mRNA and IL-24 protein levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ELISA. RESULTS The recombinant lentiviral vector of co-expressing IL-24 gene and EGFP gene were successfully constructed by multisite Gateway technology, virus can be packaged, purified and concentrated successfully, and the virus titer was 7.25×10⁷ PFU/mL. The efficiency of recombinant lentivirus to transduce hBMSCs can reach 100% after selection. The result of qPCR showed that the level of IL-24 mRNA expression in transduced group was significantly higher than that in non-transduced group (P<0.05); ELISA detection confirmed that IL-24 protein expression of transduced group was positive in supernatant and the concentration of IL-24 protein is 40 μg/L, while the non-transduced group was negative. CONCLUSIONS Lentiviral vector carrying recombinant IL-24 gene can effectively transduce hBMSCs and express IL-24 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiugan Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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14330
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Dahlmann J, Kensah G, Kempf H, Skvorc D, Gawol A, Elliott DA, Dräger G, Zweigerdt R, Martin U, Gruh I. The use of agarose microwells for scalable embryoid body formation and cardiac differentiation of human and murine pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2463-71. [PMID: 23332176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In most pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) is an important step. Here we describe a rapid, straightforward soft lithography approach for the preparation of hydrophilic silicon masters from different templates and the subsequent production of patterned agarose-DMEM microwell surfaces for scalable well standardized stem cell aggregation and EB formation. The non-adhesive agarose microwell plates represent an accurate replication of the templates' topography and were used for aggregation of murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Direct microscopic assessment by time-lapse analysis demonstrated rapid formation of uniformly shaped EBs from murine iPSCs with similar or even more consistent results concerning size distribution and harvesting efficiency compared to the commonly used but time-consuming hanging drop technique. For human ESCs, homogenous aggregates were obtained after single cell inoculation on agarose microwells with efficient differentiation into the cardiac lineage using state-of-the-art protocols for directed differentiation via small molecules. With this soft lithography-based strategy, sufficient and reproducible numbers of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes necessary for tissue engineering purposes can be realized in a highly controllable manner. Moreover, it might be useful for different cell types in any application that requires scalable and highly standardized aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dahlmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Germany
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14331
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Kim YM, Lee JY, Xia L, Mulvihill JJ, Li S. Trisomy 8: a common finding in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines. Mol Cytogenet 2013; 6:3. [PMID: 23320952 PMCID: PMC3564830 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-6-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obtaining a germ cell line is one of the most important steps in developing a transgenic or knockout mouse with a targeted mutated gene of interest. A common problem with this technology is that embryonic stem (ES) cells often lack, or are extremely inefficient at, germ line transmission. Results To determine whether chromosomal anomalies are correlated with inefficient ES cell germ line transmission, we examined 97 constructed ES cell lines using conventional cytogenetic analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Chromosomal abnormalities occurred in 44 (45%) out of the 97 specimens analyzed: 31 specimens had trisomy 8 or mosaic trisomy 8, eight specimens had partial trisomy 8 resulting from unbalanced translocations, and five specimens had other chromosomal anomalies. Conclusions Our data suggest that chromosomal analysis is an important tool for improving the yield and quality of gene targeting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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14332
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Strauss S, Neumeister A, Barcikowski S, Kracht D, Kuhbier JW, Radtke C, Reimers K, Vogt PM. Adhesion, vitality and osteogenic differentiation capacity of adipose derived stem cells seeded on nitinol nanoparticle coatings. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53309. [PMID: 23308190 PMCID: PMC3538760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous cells can be used for a bioactivation of osteoimplants to enhance osseointegration. In this regard, adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) offer interesting perspectives in implantology because they are fast and easy to isolate. However, not all materials licensed for bone implants are equally suited for cell adhesion. Surface modifications are under investigation to promote cytocompatibility and cell growth. The presented study focused on influences of a Nitinol-nanoparticle coating on ASCs. Possible toxic effects as well as influences on the osteogenic differentiation potential of ASCs were evaluated by viability assays, scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and alizarin red staining. It was previously shown that Nitinol-nanoparticles exert no cell toxic effects to ASCs either in soluble form or as surface coating. Here we could demonstrate that a Nitinol-nanoparticle surface coating enhances cell adherence and growth on Nitinol-surfaces. No negative influence on the osteogenic differentiation was observed. Nitinol-nanoparticle coatings offer new possibilities in implantology research regarding bioactivation by autologous ASCs, respectively enhancement of surface attraction to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Strauss
- Department for Plastic- Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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14333
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Sun L, Webster TJ. Increased healthy osteoblast to osteosarcoma density ratios on specific PLGA nanopatterns. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:159-66. [PMID: 23326191 PMCID: PMC3544334 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s36408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) ([PLGA] 50:50 wt% PLA:PGA) films with a flat surface and with 27 nm, 190 nm, 300 nm, 400 nm, and 520 nm nanopatterns were fabricated using a cast-mold process. The nanopatterns were transferred from self-assembled polystyrene (PS) beads to PLGA films through polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds. The surface features, root-mean- square (RMS) roughness, and wettability of these PLGA surface features were studied by atomic force microscope (AFM) height scans, AFM z-sensor scans, and water contact angles, respectively. In order to evaluate the influence of the material topography alone (without changes in chemistry) for bone-cancer applications, both human healthy osteoblasts and human cancerous osteosarcoma cells were cultured on these PLGA surface features, and their densities were determined. Most importantly, compared to all other substrates, it was found that the 27 nm PLGA nanopatterns significantly increased the healthy osteoblast-to-osteosarcoma cell-density ratio. For these reasons, and since previous studies have highlighted that similar nanometer PLGA surface features decreased functions of other types of cancerous cells (specifically lung and breast), this study suggests that 27 nm PLGA nanopatterns should be further studied for a wide range of bone-cancer applications, particularly where healthy bone-cell functions need to be promoted over cancerous bone-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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14334
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Hu L, Zhao J, Liu J, Gong N, Chen L. Effects of adipose stem cell-conditioned medium on the migration of vascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:701-706. [PMID: 23403954 PMCID: PMC3570169 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose stem cell-conditioned medium (ASC-CM) has been successfully used to treat multiple types of tissue and organ defects, including skin wounds both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms through which ASC-CM promotes wound healing remain unclear. We hypothesized that the wound healing effect of ASC-CM is mediated in part by the promotion of the migration of vascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes, the three cell types essential for wound healing. We reported that ASC-CM stimulated the migration of these cells sequentially, and endothelial cells were the first cell type to respond to ASC-CM stimulation (4 h), followed by fibroblasts (12 h) and then keratinocytes (24 h). We also determined the optimal concentration of ASC-CM in stimulating these cells (50% dilution) in addition to the optimal time to intervene in order to maximize the wound healing activity of ASC-CM. Our data suggest an important role for ASC-CM in wound healing, possibly through the synthetic action of multiple adipose stem cell-derived cytokines that in turn promote cell migration. Thus, ASC-CM appears to have significant potential in wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
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14335
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Mesenchymal stem cells as an appropriate feeder layer for prolonged in vitro culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:3023-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14336
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Béduer A, Vaysse L, Loubinoux I, Vieu C. [Micro/nano-engineering to control growth of neuronal cells and tissue engineering applied to the central nervous system]. Biol Aujourdhui 2013; 207:291-307. [PMID: 24594577 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2013019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system pathologies are often characterized by the loss of cell populations. A promising therapy now being developed consists in using bioactive materials, associating grafted cells to biopolymers which provide a scaffold for the in vitro building of new tissues, to be implanted in vivo. In the present article, the state of the art of this field, at crossroads between microtechnology and neuroscience, is described in detail; thereafter our own approach and results about interactions between adult human neural stem cells and microstructured polymers are summarized and discussed. In a second part, some central nervous system repair strategies, based on cerebral tissue engineering, are presented. We will report the main results of our studies to work out and characterize in vivo a cerebral bioprosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Béduer
- LAAS, CNRS & Université de Toulouse (UPS, INSA, IAES), 7 avenue du Colonel Roche, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Vaysse
- INSERM, Imagerie Cérébrale et Handicaps Neurologiques UMR 825, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Loubinoux
- INSERM, Imagerie Cérébrale et Handicaps Neurologiques UMR 825, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Vieu
- LAAS, CNRS & Université de Toulouse (UPS, INSA, IAES), 7 avenue du Colonel Roche, 31077 Toulouse, France
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14337
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Isolation and Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly and Amniotic Membrane. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2013; 4:111-6. [PMID: 25013662 PMCID: PMC4089317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a capacity for self-renewal and multi-potential differentiations. These cells are considered powerful sources for cell therapy in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The cells can be isolated from various tissues; however, harvesting from human umbilical cord and amniotic membrane is easy and accessible source. OBJECTIVE To isolate and characterize the MSCs derived from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSC) and amniotic membrane (AM-MSC) with regard to their morphology, immunophenotype and mesodermal differentiation potential in order to obtain an alternative source of MSC for therapeutic clinical applications. METHODS Fetal membranes and umbilical cords (n=3) were retrieved from healthy full-term women by elective cesarean delivery. Amniotic membrane and umbilical cord were separately minced and cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS. After reaching 80% of confluency, the umbilical cord WJ-MSC and AM-MSC were characterized by expression of cell surface markers with flowcytometry, stem cell gene expression with adipogenic/osteogenic potential. RESULTS Both WJ-MSC and AM-MSC were spindle-shaped cells, expressed MSC surface markers in flowcytometry and stem cell transcriptional factors (OCT4 and NANOG). After induction, the cells differentiated into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. CONCLUSION MSC were successfully generated from umbilical cord WJ-MSC and AM-MSC with similar mesenchymal markers and properties.
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14338
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Chung S, Low SK, Zembutsu H, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Sasa M, Nakamura Y. A genome-wide association study of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R81. [PMID: 24025145 PMCID: PMC3978764 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy-induced alopecia is one of the most common adverse events caused by conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, yet there has been very little progress in the prevention or treatment of this side effect. Although this is not a life-threatening event, alopecia is very psychologically difficult for many women to manage. In order to improve the quality of life for these women, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced alopecia and develop ways to effectively prevent and/or treat it. To identify the genetic risk factors associated with chemotherapy-induced alopecia, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using DNA samples from breast cancer patients who were treated with chemotherapy. METHODS We performed a case-control association study of 303 individuals who developed grade 2 alopecia, and compared them with 880 breast cancer patients who did not show hair loss after being treated with conventional chemotherapy. In addition, we separately analyzed a subset of patients who received specific combination therapies by GWASs and applied the weighted genetic risk scoring (wGRS) system to investigate the cumulative effects of the associated SNPs. RESULTS We identified an SNP significantly associated with drug-induced grade 2 alopecia (rs3820706 in CACNB4 (calcium channel voltage-dependent subunit beta 4) on 2q23, P = 8.13 × 10(-9), OR = 3.71) and detected several SNPs that showed some suggestive associations by subgroup analyses. We also classified patients into four groups on the basis of wGRS analysis and found that patients who classified in the highest risk group showed 443 times higher risk of antimicrotubule agents-induced alopecia than the lowest risk group. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests several associated genes and should shed some light on the molecular mechanism of alopecia in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients and hopefully will contribute to development of interventions that will improve the quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyoun Chung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Siew-Kee Low
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Genomic Medicine, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230–0045, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Zembutsu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Genomic Medicine, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230–0045, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center of Genomic Medicine, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Sasa
- Tokushima Breast Care Clinic, 4-7-7, Nakashimada-cho, Tokushima 770-0052, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, A27 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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14339
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Siy Uy H, Chan PS, Cruz FM. Stem cell therapy: a novel approach for vision restoration in retinitis pigmentosa. MEDICAL HYPOTHESIS, DISCOVERY & INNOVATION OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 2:52-5. [PMID: 24600643 PMCID: PMC3939754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unfortunately, at present, degenerative retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa remains untreatable. Patients with these conditions suffer progressive visual decline resulting from continuing loss of photoreceptor cells and outer nuclear layers. However, stem cell therapy is a promising approach to restore visual function in eyes with degenerative retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. Animal studies have established that pluripotent stem cells when placed in the mouse retinitis pigmentosa models have the potential not only to survive, but also to differentiate, organize into and function as photoreceptor cells. Furthermore, there is early evidence that these transplanted cells provide improved visual function. These groundbreaking studies provide proof of concept that stem cell therapy is a viable method of visual rehabilitation among eyes with retinitis pigmentosa. Further studies are required to optimize these techniques in human application. This review focuses on stem cell therapy as a new approach for vision restitution in retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Siy Uy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital, Manila,,St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City,, Pacific Eye and Laser Institute, Makati City, Philippines
| | - Pik Sha Chan
- Pacific Eye and Laser Institute, Makati City, Philippines
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14340
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Zanone MM, Favaro E, Camussi G. Endoglin (CD105) is not a specific selection marker for endothelial cells in human islets of Langerhans. Reply to Wheeler-Jones CPD, Clarkin CE, Farrar CE et al [letter]. Diabetologia 2013; 56:225-6. [PMID: 23108558 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14341
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Papewalis C, Topolar D, Götz B, Schönberger S, Dilloo D. Mesenchymal stem cells as cellular immunotherapeutics in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 130:131-62. [PMID: 23455489 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative treatment option in hematopoietic disorders, immunodeficiencies and leukemia. To date graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) represents a life-threatening complication even if associated with beneficial antileukemic reactivity. GvHD is the clinical manifestation of donor cells reacting against host tissue. Because of their ability to facilitate endogenous repair and to attenuate inflammation, MSC have evolved as a highly attractive cellular therapeutic in allo-HSCT. Here we report on the clinical experience in the use of MSC to enhance engraftment and prevent and treat acute and chronic GvHD. In early clinical trials, MSC have shown considerable benefit in the setting of manifest GvHD. These encouraging results warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Papewalis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, University Hospital, Friedrich-Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
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14342
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Burr SP, Dazzi F, Garden OA. Mesenchymal stromal cells and regulatory T cells: the Yin and Yang of peripheral tolerance? Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 91:12-8. [PMID: 23146942 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) have both garnered significant interest from immunologists worldwide, not least because of the potential application of both cell types in the treatment of many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although both MSCs and Tregs can be considered immunosuppressive in their own right, the induction of Tregs by activated MSCs is now a well-publicised phenomenon; however, only recently have the mechanisms involved in this induction started to become clear. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly apparent that there exists a complex interplay between the two lineages leading to this potent inhibition of the host immune response. Cell contact, soluble mediators-including prostaglandin E(2) and transforming growth factor β-and indirect induction via manipulation of other antigen-presenting cells all appear to have vital roles in the interactions between MSCs and Tregs. Much still remains to be discovered before we have a full understanding of this important aspect of the immune response, but there have already been a multitude of clinical trials suggesting that MSC/Treg therapies could offer significant benefits in the treatment of both autoimmune disease and graft versus host disease. Although these therapies are still in their infancy, the synergy between MSCs and Tregs will undoubtedly yield future breakthroughs in the treatment of many debilitating conditions and usher in a new wave of targeted, cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Burr
- Regulatory T Cell Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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14343
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Eyre HA, Papps E, Baune BT. Treating depression and depression-like behavior with physical activity: an immune perspective. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:3. [PMID: 23382717 PMCID: PMC3562851 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of major depressive disorder makes the search for an extended understanding of etiology, and for the development of additional treatments highly significant. Biological factors may be useful biomarkers for treatment with physical activity (PA), and neurobiological effects of PA may herald new therapeutic development in the future. This paper provides a thorough and up-to-date review of studies examining the neuroimmunomodulatory effects of PA on the brain in depression and depression-like behaviors. From a neuroimmune perspective, evidence suggests PA does enhance the beneficial and reduce the detrimental effects of the neuroimmune system. PA appears to increase the following factors: interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6 (acutely), macrophage migration inhibitory factor, central nervous system-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells, M2 microglia, quiescent astrocytes, CX3CL1, and insulin-like growth factor-1. On the other hand, PA appears to reduce detrimental neuroimmune factors such as: Th1/Th2 balance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein, M1 microglia, and reactive astrocytes. The effect of other mechanisms is unknown, such as: CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (T regs), CD200, chemokines, miRNA, M2-type blood-derived macrophages, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [via receptor 2 (R2)]. The beneficial effects of PA are likely to occur centrally and peripherally (e.g., in visceral fat reduction). The investigation of the neuroimmune effects of PA on depression and depression-like behavior is a rapidly developing and important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris A Eyre
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia ; School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University Townsville, QLD, Australia
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14344
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Mesenchymal stem cells, therapy, and cytometry. Cytometry A 2012; 83:8-10. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14345
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Parkinson's Disease in a Dish: What Patient Specific-Reprogrammed Somatic Cells Can Tell Us about Parkinson's Disease, If Anything? Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:926147. [PMID: 23316244 PMCID: PMC3539381 DOI: 10.1155/2012/926147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Technologies allowing for the derivation of patient-specific neurons from somatic cells are emerging as powerful in vitro tools to investigate the intrinsic cellular pathological behaviours of the diseases that affect these patients. While the use of patient-derived neurons to model Parkinson's disease (PD) has only just begun, these approaches have allowed us to begin investigating disease pathogenesis in a unique way. In this paper, we discuss the advances made in the field of cellular reprogramming to model PD and discuss the pros and cons associated with the use of such cells.
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14346
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Treatment Efficacy with Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Minocycline in Rats After Cerebral Ischemic Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 9:219-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14347
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14348
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Casaroli-Marano RP, Nieto-Nicolau N, Martínez-Conesa EM. Progenitor cells for ocular surface regenerative therapy. Ophthalmic Res 2012; 49:115-21. [PMID: 23257987 DOI: 10.1159/000345257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The integrity and normal function of the corneal epithelium are essential for maintaining the cornea's transparency and vision. The existence of a cell population with progenitor characteristics in the limbus maintains a dynamic of constant epithelial repair and renewal. Currently, cell-based therapies for bio-replacement, such as cultured limbal epithelial transplantation and cultured oral mucosal epithelial transplantation, present very encouraging clinical results for treating limbal stem cell deficiencies. Another emerging therapeutic strategy consists of obtaining and implementing human progenitor cells of different origins using tissue engineering methods. The development of cell-based therapies using stem cells, such as human adult mesenchymal stromal cells, represents a significant breakthrough in the treatment of certain eye diseases and also offers a more rational, less invasive and more physiological approach to ocular surface regeneration.
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14349
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years, stem cell therapy has been investigated as a promising approach for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This article reviews the biology of stem cells and their applications as a cell-based treatment for SUI. The current status and future direction of this forefront research in urinary incontinence are also examined. RECENT FINDINGS During the past decade, adult stem cells have been studied as a potential cell-based approach for the treatment of SUI. The results of current preclinical and clinical studies are presented. These studies demonstrated the improvement in histologic and functional outcomes with stem cell therapies for SUI. Adult stem cells may augment sphincter regeneration and also release trophic factors, promoting vessel and nerve integration into the generated tissues. So far, the findings of the clinical trials are less impressive than the results obtained with animal studies. SUMMARY Although stem cell therapy holds much promise for SUI, the clinical applications in patients have been slow to materialize. This challenge, together with the currently limited data on basic science studies and clinical trials, will undoubtedly stimulate new investigations in the near future.
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14350
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the most effective therapy for liver failure. However, OLT is severely limited by the shortage of liver donors. Bioartificial liver (BAL) shows great potential as an alternative therapy for liver failure. In recent years, progress has been made in BAL regarding genetically engineered cell lines, immortalized human hepatocytes, methods for preserving the phenotype of primary human hepatocytes, and other functional hepatocytes derived from stem cells. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of PubMed and ISI Web of Science was performed to identify relevant studies in English language literature using the key words such as liver failure, bioartificial liver, hepatocyte, stem cells, differentiation, and immortalization. More than 200 articles related to the cell sources of hepatocyte in BAL were systematically reviewed. RESULTS Methods for preserving the phenotype of primary human hepatocytes have been successfully developed. Many genetically engineered cell lines and immortalized human hepatocytes have also been established. Among these cell lines, the incorporation of BAL with GS-HepG2 cells or alginate-encapsulated HepG2 cells could prolong the survival time and improve pathophysiological parameters in an animal model of liver failure. The cBAL111 cells were evaluated using the AMC-BAL bioreactor, which could eliminate ammonia and lidocaine, and produce albumin. Importantly, BAL loading with HepLi-4 cells could significantly improve the blood biochemical parameters, and prolong the survival time in pigs with liver failure. Other functional hepatocytes differentiated from stem cells, such as human liver progenitor cells, have been successfully achieved. CONCLUSIONS Aside from genetically modified liver cell lines and immortalized human hepatocytes, other functional hepatocytes derived from stem cells show great potential as cell sources for BAL. BAL with safe and effective liver cells may be achieved for clinical liver failure in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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