101
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Beck A, Cochet O, Wurch T. GlycoFi's technology to control the glycosylation of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2009; 5:95-111. [DOI: 10.1517/17460440903413504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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102
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Yan Y, de Keizer A, Martens AA, Oliveira CLP, Pedersen JS, de Wolf FA, Drechsler M, Cohen Stuart MA, Besseling NAM. Polypeptide nanoribbon hydrogels assembled through multiple supramolecular interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:12899-12908. [PMID: 19735114 DOI: 10.1021/la901834v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the formation of nanoribbon hydrogels in a mixed system of zinc ions, bis(ligand)s, and triblock peptide copolymers. Using a combination of experimental techniques: dynamic light scattering, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering and circular dichroism, we arrived at a model for the formation of nanoribbon hydrogels in which well-defined nanoribbons are formed out of multiple supramolecular interactions: (1) metal coordination that yields supramolecular polyelectrolytes; (2) electrostatic complexation between the supramolecular polyelectrolytes and the oppositely charged blocks of the peptide copolymers; (3) hydrogen bond and (4) hydrophobic interactions that support the secondary and ternary structure of the ribbons; (5) van der Waals interactions that enable bundling of the ribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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103
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Adrio JL, Demain AL. Recombinant organisms for production of industrial products. Bioeng Bugs 2009; 1:116-31. [PMID: 21326937 DOI: 10.4161/bbug.1.2.10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A revolution in industrial microbiology was sparked by the discoveries of ther double-stranded structure of DNA and the development of recombinant DNA technology. Traditional industrial microbiology was merged with molecular biology to yield improved recombinant processes for the industrial production of primary and secondary metabolites, protein biopharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes. Novel genetic techniques such as metabolic engineering, combinatorial biosynthesis and molecular breeding techniques and their modifications are contributing greatly to the development of improved industrial processes. In addition, functional genomics, proteomics and metabolomics are being exploited for the discovery of novel valuable small molecules for medicine as well as enzymes for catalysis. The sequencing of industrial microbal genomes is being carried out which bodes well for future process improvement and discovery of new industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Luis Adrio
- NeuronBioPharma, S.A., Parque Tecnologico de Ciencias de la Salud, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada, Spain
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104
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Secreted production of an elastin-like polypeptide by Pichia pastoris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:293-301. [PMID: 19565236 PMCID: PMC2773366 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are biocompatible designer polypeptides with inverse temperature transition behavior in solution. They have a wide variety of possible applications and a potential medical importance. Currently, production of ELPs is done at lab scale in Escherichia coli shake flask cultures. With a view to future large scale production, we demonstrate secreted production of ELPs in methanol-induced fed-batch cultures of Pichia pastoris and purification directly from the culture medium. The production of ELPs by P. pastoris proved to be pH dependent within the experimental pH range of pH 3 to 7, as an increasing yield was found in cultures grown at higher pH. Because ELP produced at pH 7 was partly degraded, a pH optimum for production of ELP was found at pH 6 with a yield of 255 mg of purified intact ELP per liter of cell-free medium.
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105
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Werten MWT, Teles H, Moers APHA, Wolbert EJH, Sprakel J, Eggink G, de Wolf FA. Precision Gels from Collagen-Inspired Triblock Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1106-13. [DOI: 10.1021/bm801299u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc W. T. Werten
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Bioprocess Engineering, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Helena Teles
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Bioprocess Engineering, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine P. H. A. Moers
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Bioprocess Engineering, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emil J. H. Wolbert
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Bioprocess Engineering, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Bioprocess Engineering, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Eggink
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Bioprocess Engineering, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A. de Wolf
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Bioprocess Engineering, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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106
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Zhang C, Baez J, Glatz CE. Purification and characterization of a 44-kDa recombinant collagen I alpha 1 fragment from corn grain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:880-887. [PMID: 19140684 DOI: 10.1021/jf8026205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates that a fibrous, repetitive amino acid sequence collagen-related protein, a 44-kDa fragment of human collagen I alpha 1 (CIalpha1), was expressed in corn grain molecularly equivalent to that produced in recombinant yeast. The recombinant CIalpha1 was extracted and purified from early generation plants having low levels of recombinant protein accumulation. It was selectively extracted at low pH and purified by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, resulting in a 44-kDa CIalpha1 with >70% purity and 60% recovery. The N-terminal sequence, amino acid composition, and immunoreactivity closely matched those of an analogous 44-kDa CIalpha1 fragment produced by the yeast Pichia . The corn-derived 44-kDa CIalpha1 had an intact protein mass of 44088 Da, which is within 0.2% of the mass calculated from the expected sequence. Tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the primary sequence with 78% coverage. The amino acid composition analysis indicated a low level of prolyl hydroxylation. Glycoprotein staining revealed no glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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107
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Demain AL, Vaishnav P. Production of recombinant proteins by microbes and higher organisms. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:297-306. [PMID: 19500547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Large proteins are usually expressed in a eukaryotic system while smaller ones are expressed in prokaryotic systems. For proteins that require glycosylation, mammalian cells, fungi or the baculovirus system is chosen. The least expensive, easiest and quickest expression of proteins can be carried out in Escherichia coli. However, this bacterium cannot express very large proteins. Also, for S-S rich proteins, and proteins that require post-translational modifications, E. coli is not the system of choice. The two most utilized yeasts are Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. Yeasts can produce high yields of proteins at low cost, proteins larger than 50 kD can be produced, signal sequences can be removed, and glycosylation can be carried out. The baculoviral system can carry out more complex post-translational modifications of proteins. The most popular system for producing recombinant mammalian glycosylated proteins is that of mammalian cells. Genetically modified animals secrete recombinant proteins in their milk, blood or urine. Similarly, transgenic plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and others can generate many recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold L Demain
- Research Institute for Scientists Emeriti, Drew University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA
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108
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Martens AA, Portale G, Werten MWT, de Vries RJ, Eggink G, Cohen Stuart MA, de Wolf FA. Triblock Protein Copolymers Forming Supramolecular Nanotapes and pH-Responsive Gels. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801955q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aernout A. Martens
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2; 5612 AB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2; 5612 AB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Marc W. T. Werten
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2; 5612 AB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Renko J. de Vries
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2; 5612 AB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Gerrit Eggink
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2; 5612 AB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Martien A. Cohen Stuart
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2; 5612 AB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Frits A. de Wolf
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands, Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2; 5612 AB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
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109
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Chen HT, Lin MS, Hou SY. Multiple-copy-gene integration on chromosome of Escherichia coli for beta-galactosidase production. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-008-0177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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110
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Zhao HL, Xue C, Wang Y, Yao XQ, Liu ZM. Increasing the cell viability and heterologous protein expression of Pichia pastoris mutant deficient in PMR1 gene by culture condition optimization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:235-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2008] [Revised: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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111
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Walsh G. Market Development of Biopharmaceuticals. ETHICS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-85843-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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112
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Plantz BA, Nickerson K, Kachman SD, Schlegel VL. Evaluation of Metals in a Defined Medium for Pichia pastoris Expressing Recombinant β-Galactosidase. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 23:687-92. [PMID: 17397184 DOI: 10.1021/bp060332t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Culture growth and recombinant protein yield of the Pichia pastoris GS115 methanol utilization positive system were studied in response to the types and levels of metals present in the growth medium and the supplemental salts typically used for these fermentations. Magnesium and zinc were both required to support cell growth but at significantly reduced levels compared to the control. However, supplementation with calcium, cobalt, iron, manganese, iodine, boron, and molybdenum were not required to sustain cell mass. When the medium was reformulated with only zinc and magnesium, the cells grew to 12-15 generations, which are expected for high cell density fed-batch fermentations. Product yields of the recombinant protein beta-galactosidase were significantly influenced by the trace metal concentrations. By using response surface and full factorial designs, maximum protein yield occurred when the concentration of zinc salt was limited to the level necessary only to support cell mass while protein yield positively correlated to increasing levels of the remaining trace metal salts. These studies are the first to show that excess trace metals must be optimized when developing P. pastoris based fed-batch fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Plantz
- School of Biological Sciences, Beadle Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0666, USA
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113
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Arya R, Bhattacharya A, Saini KS. Dictyostelium discoideum—a promising expression system for the production of eukaryotic proteins. FASEB J 2008; 22:4055-66. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-110544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Arya
- Department of Biotechnology and BioinformaticsRanbaxy Laboratories LimitedGurgaonHaryanaIndia
| | | | - Kulvinder Singh Saini
- Department of Biotechnology and BioinformaticsRanbaxy Laboratories LimitedGurgaonHaryanaIndia
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
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114
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Williams KE, Jiang J, Ju J, Olsen DR. Novel strategies for increased copy number and expression of recombinant human gelatin in Pichia pastoris with two antibiotic markers. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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115
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Werten MWT, Moers APHA, Vong T, Zuilhof H, van Hest JCM, de Wolf FA. Biosynthesis of an amphiphilic silk-like polymer. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1705-11. [PMID: 18517247 DOI: 10.1021/bm701111z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An amphiphilic silk-like protein polymer was efficiently produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The secreted product was fully intact and was purified by solubilization in formic acid and subsequent precipitation of denatured host proteins upon dilution with water. In aqueous alkaline solution, the negatively charged acidic polymer assumed extended helical (silk III-like) and unordered conformations. Upon subsequent drying, it assumed a conformation rich in beta-turns. In water at low pH, the uncharged polymer aggregated and the solution became turbid. Concentrated solutions in 70% (v/v) formic acid slowly formed gels. Replacement of the formic acid-water mixture with methanol and subsequent drying resulted in beta-sheets, which stacked into fibril-like structures. The novel polymer instantaneously lowered the air-water interfacial tension under neutral to alkaline conditions and reversed the polarity of hydrophobic and hydrophilic solid surfaces upon adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W T Werten
- Agrotechnology & Food Innovations BV, Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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116
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Panjideh H, Coelho V, Dernedde J, Fuchs H, Keilholz U, Thiel E, Deckert PM. Production of bifunctional single-chain antibody-based fusion proteins in Pichia pastoris supernatants. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2008; 31:559-68. [PMID: 18253756 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-008-0203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant antibody fusion constructs with heterologous functional domains are a promising approach to new therapeutic targeting strategies. However, expression of such constructs is mostly limited to cost and labor-intensive mammalian expression systems. Here we report on the employment of Pichia pastoris for the expression of heterologous antibody fusion constructs with green fluorescent protein, A33scFv::GFP, or with cytosine deaminase, A33scFv::CDy, their production in a biofermenter and a modified purification strategy. Combined, these approaches improved production yields by about thirty times over established standard protocols, with extracellular secretion of the fusion construct reaching 12.0 mg/l. Bifunctional activity of the fusion proteins was demonstrated by flow cytometry and an in-vitro cytotoxicity assay. With equal amounts of purified protein, the modified purification method lead to higher functional results. Our results demonstrate the suitability of methylotrophic Pichia expression systems and laboratory-scale bioreactors for the production of high quantities of bifunctionally active heterologous single-chain fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Panjideh
- Medizinische Klinik III, Hematology, Oncology und Transfusion Medicine, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
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117
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Ni Z, Zhou X, Sun X, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Decrease of hirudin degradation by deleting theKEX1 gene in recombinantPichia pastoris. Yeast 2008; 25:1-8. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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118
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The proteolytic systems and heterologous proteins degradation in the methylotrophic yeastPichia pastoris. ANN MICROBIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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119
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Hamilton SR, Gerngross TU. Glycosylation engineering in yeast: the advent of fully humanized yeast. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2007; 18:387-92. [PMID: 17951046 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts have been extensively used as model organisms to elucidate cellular processes and their mechanism in lower eukaryotes. Consequently, a large number of powerful genetic tools have been developed to engineer yeast and improve its utility. These tools and the development of efficient large-scale fermentation processes have made recombinant protein expression in yeast an attractive choice. However, for the production of glycoproteins for human use, native high-mannose yeast glycosylation is not suitable and therefore represents a major limitation for yeast based protein expression systems. Over the last two decades several groups have attempted to overcome this problem, yet with limited success. Recently however, major advances in the glycoengineering of the yeast Pichia pastoris, have culminated in the production of fully humanized sialylated glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hamilton
- GlycoFi, Inc., 21 Lafayette Street (Suite 200), Lebanon, NH 03766, United States
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120
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Effects of pH and temperature on recombinant manganese peroxidase production and stability. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 146:15-27. [PMID: 18421583 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-8039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme manganese peroxidase (MnP) is produced by numerous white-rot fungi to overcome biomass recalcitrance caused by lignin. MnP acts directly on lignin and increases access of the woody structure to synergistic wood-degrading enzymes such as cellulases and xylanases. Recombinant MnP (rMnP) can be produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris alphaMnP1-1 in fed-batch fermentations. The effects of pH and temperature on recombinant manganese peroxidase (rMnP) production by P. pastoris alphaMnP1-1 were investigated in shake flask and fed-batch fermentations. The optimum pH and temperature for a standardized fed-batch fermentation process for rMnP production in P. pastoris alphaMnP1-1 were determined to be pH 6 and 30 degrees C, respectively. P. pastoris alphaMnP1-1 constitutively expresses the manganese peroxidase (mnp1) complementary DNA from Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and the rMnP has similar kinetic characteristics and pH activity and stability ranges as the wild-type MnP (wtMnP). Cultivation of P. chrysosporium mycelia in stationary flasks for production of heme peroxidases is commonly conducted at low pH (pH 4.2). However, shake flask and fed-batch fermentation experiments with P. pastoris alphaMnP1-1 demonstrated that rMnP production is highest at pH 6, with rMnP concentrations in the medium declining rapidly at pH less than 5.5, although cell growth rates were similar from pH 4-7. Investigations of the cause of low rMnP production at low pH were consistent with the hypothesis that intracellular proteases are released from dead and lysed yeast cells during the fermentation that are active against rMnP at pH less than 5.5.
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121
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Tolner B, Smith L, Begent RHJ, Chester KA. Production of recombinant protein in Pichia pastoris by fermentation. Nat Protoc 2007; 1:1006-21. [PMID: 17406338 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This protocol is applicable to recombinant protein expression by small-scale fermentation using the Pichia pastoris expression system. P. pastoris has the capacity to produce large quantities of protein with eukaryotic processing. Expression is controlled by a methanol-inducible promoter, which allows a biomass-generation phase before protein production is initiated. The target protein is secreted directly into a protein-free mineral salt medium, and is relatively easy to purify. The protocol is readily interfaced with expanded bed adsorption for immediate capture and purification of recombinant protein. The setting up of the bioreactor plus the fermentation itself takes 1 wk. Making the master and user seed lots takes approximately 2 wk for each individual clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berend Tolner
- Department of Oncology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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122
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Sutter M, Siepmann J, Hennink WE, Jiskoot W. Recombinant gelatin hydrogels for the sustained release of proteins. J Control Release 2007; 119:301-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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123
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Yu M, Lange S, Richter S, Tan T, Schmid RD. High-level expression of extracellular lipase Lip2 from Yarrowia lipolytica in Pichia pastoris and its purification and characterization. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 53:255-63. [PMID: 17321147 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 10/14/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular lipase gene from Yarrowia lipolytica (YlLip2) was cloned into the pPICZalphaA and integrated into the genome of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. The lipase was successfully expressed and secreted with an apparent molecular weight of 39kDa using Saccharomyces cerevisiae secretion signal peptide (alpha-factor) under the control of the methanol inducible promoter of the alcohol oxidase 1 gene (AOX1). The lipase activity of 12,500,000U/l (2.10g total protein and 0.63g lipase per liter) was obtained in a fed-batch cultivation, where methanol feeding was linked to the dissolved oxygen content after initial glycerol culture. After fermentation, the supernatant was concentrated by ultrafiltration with a 10kDa cut off membrane and purified with ion exchange chromatography using Q Sepharose FF. Deglycosylation showed that the recombinant lipase is a glycoprotein which contains the same content of sugar (about 12%) as the native lipase from Y. lipolytica. The optimum temperature and pH of the recombinant lipase was 40 degrees C and 8.0, respectively. The lipase showed high activity toward long-chain fatty acid methyl esters (C12-C16).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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124
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Mauk MR, Rosell FI, Mauk AG. Structural modelling of metal ion binding to human haemopexin. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:523-32. [PMID: 17534528 DOI: 10.1039/b604184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R Mauk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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125
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Hartner FS, Glieder A. Regulation of methanol utilisation pathway genes in yeasts. Microb Cell Fact 2006; 5:39. [PMID: 17169150 PMCID: PMC1781073 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-5-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylotrophic yeasts such as Candida boidinii, Hansenula polymorpha, Pichia methanolica and Pichia pastoris are an emerging group of eukaryotic hosts for recombinant protein production with an ever increasing number of applications during the last 30 years. Their applications are linked to the use of strong methanol-inducible promoters derived from genes of the methanol utilisation pathway. These promoters are tightly regulated, highly repressed in presence of non-limiting concentrations of glucose in the medium and strongly induced if methanol is used as carbon source. Several factors involved in this tight control and their regulatory effects have been described so far. This review summarises available data about the regulation of promoters from methanol utilisation pathway genes. Furthermore, the role of cis and trans acting factors (e.g. transcription factors, glucose processing enzymes) in the expression of methanol utilisation pathway genes is reviewed both in the context of the native cell environment as well as in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz S Hartner
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis GmbH, Petersgasse 14/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Glieder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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126
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Han X, Ye LB, Li BZ, Bo G, Cai WJ, Hong Z, She YL, Li Y, Kong LB, Wu ZH. Expression, purification and characterization of the Hepatitis B virus entire envelope large protein in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 49:168-75. [PMID: 16829133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 04/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current HBsAg vaccine has performed a vital role in preventing the transmission of HBV during the past 20 years. However, a number of individuals still show no response or a low response to the vaccine. In the present study, the HBV envelope large protein gene was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pPIC9k and was subsequently expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The HBV large protein (L protein) was produced and secreted into the medium, where some of the L protein formed particles. The soluble L protein and particles were purified by column chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the particle was composed of both HBV L and S protein. To compare the antigenicity of the L protein and HBsAg, rabbits were immunized with the soluble L protein and the commercially available HBV vaccine and the increasing level of antibodies was determined by ELISA. The results showed that the anti-HBsAg antibody, from rabbits injected with the L protein at a dose of 2 and 10microg, was detected on day 14, whereas rabbits vaccinated with 10 and 2microg HBsAg did not develop antibodies until day 21 and 28, respectively. The antibody level in groups inoculated with the L protein was approximately 50% higher than in the group injected with HBsAg using the same dose. Furthermore, 2microg L protein induced a significant and rapid anti-HBsAg antibody response than 10microg HBsAg. Therefore, we suggest that the L protein is an ideal candidate for a new generation HB vaccine to protect people from HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
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127
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Rozkiewicz DI, Kraan Y, Werten MWT, de Wolf FA, Subramaniam V, Ravoo BJ, Reinhoudt DN. Covalent Microcontact Printing of Proteins for Cell Patterning. Chemistry 2006; 12:6290-7. [PMID: 16741908 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe a straightforward approach to the covalent immobilization of cytophilic proteins by microcontact printing, which can be used to pattern cells on substrates. Cytophilic proteins are printed in micropatterns on reactive self-assembled monolayers by using imine chemistry. An aldehyde-terminated monolayer on glass or on gold was obtained by the reaction between an amino-terminated monolayer and terephthaldialdehyde. The aldehyde monolayer was employed as a substrate for the direct microcontact printing of bioengineered, collagen-like proteins by using an oxidized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp. After immobilization of the proteins into adhesive "islands", the remaining areas were blocked with amino-poly(ethylene glycol), which forms a layer that is resistant to cell adhesion. Human malignant carcinoma (HeLa) cells were seeded and incubated onto the patterned substrate. It was found that these cells adhere to and spread selectively on the protein islands, and avoid the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) zones. These findings illustrate the importance of microcontact printing as a method for positioning proteins at surfaces and demonstrate the scope of controlled surface chemistry to direct cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota I Rozkiewicz
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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128
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Ramzi A, Sutter M, Hennink WE, Jiskoot W. Static light scattering and small-angle neutron scattering study on aggregated recombinant gelatin in aqueous solution. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95:1703-11. [PMID: 16795011 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant gelatins are currently evaluated as new excipients for pharmaceutical formulations. They can differ from nonrecombinant gelatins because of intentional alteration of the amino acid sequence and specific properties of the expression systems used. This may affect their solution behavior. In the present work, aqueous solutions of a histidine-containing recombinant gelatin (RG-15-His) were analyzed. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and loss of absorbance at 200 nm upon centrifugation indicated the formation of aggregates within 1 day upon sample preparation. Static light scattering (SLS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments showed that the aggregate's size was > or =300 nm, and that aggregates are composed of thin, rigid rods of 37 +/- 5 nm in length. The observed aggregation was not detectable by circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and cryo transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). SANS experiments, which are not frequently used in the pharmaceutical field, provided additional morphological information about the recombinant gelatin in solution. The results show that combining SLS and SANS is a broadly applicable, complementary approach for detecting aggregation of proteins and other biomolecules and for obtaining structural information about the aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramzi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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129
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Abstract
The rate of biopharmaceutical approvals has leveled off, but some milestones bode well for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Walsh
- Industrial Biochemistry Programme, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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130
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Aloulou A, Grandval P, De Caro J, De Caro A, Carrière F. Constitutive expression of human pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 47:415-21. [PMID: 16481202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High-level constitutive expression of the human pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 (HPLRP1) was achieved using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The HPLRP1 cDNA, including its original leader sequence, was subcloned into the pGAPZB vector and further integrated into the genome of P. pastoris X-33 under the control of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) constitutive promoter. A major protein with a molecular mass of 50 kDa was found to be secreted into the culture medium and was identified using anti-HPLRP1 polyclonal antibodies as HPLRP1 recombinant protein. The level of expression reached 100-120 mg of HPLRP1 per liter of culture medium after 40 h, as attested by specific and quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A single cation-exchange chromatography sufficed to obtain a highly purified recombinant HPLRP1 after direct batch adsorption onto S-Sepharose of the HPLRP1 present in the culture medium, at pH 5.5. N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis were carried out to monitor the production of the mature protein and to confirm that its signal peptide was properly processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aloulou
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, UPR 9025 CNRS-Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, Marseille, France
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131
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Pakkanen O, Pirskanen A, Myllyharju J. Selective expression of nonsecreted triple-helical and secreted single-chain recombinant collagen fragments in the yeast Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2006; 123:248-56. [PMID: 16388866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High-level recombinant expression systems for the production of stable triple-helical human collagens and collagen fragments have been developed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Collagen fragments are secreted as single-chain polypeptides by the yeast alpha-mating factor pre-pro sequence, but secretion of full-length triple-helical procollagen molecules has not been achieved despite the use of the same secretory signal. We studied here the effects of the secretory signal and the conformation and size of the collagen polypeptide on its secretion in P. pastoris. Unlike the collagen signal sequence, the alpha-mating factor pre-pro sequence led to efficient secretion of single-chain 45 and 9 kDa type I collagen fragments. The efficiency was dependent on the length of the collagen polypeptide, as secretion of single-chain full-length 90 kDa alpha1(I) polypeptides was less efficient than that of the 45 kDa fragment. Furthermore, the conformation of the collagen polypeptides had a marked effect on secretion, as induction of trimerization of the 45 and 9 kDa fragments by either the C propeptide or the small trimerizing domain foldon led to an accumulation of triple-helical molecules inside the cells despite the presence of the alpha-mating factor pre-pro sequence. Our results show that P. pastoris is a suitable host for the development of tailored expression systems aimed at selective production of nonsecreted triple-helical and secreted single-chain collagen fragments of varying lengths for specific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Pakkanen
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 5000, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
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132
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Han R, Zwiefka A, Caswell CC, Xu Y, Keene DR, Lukomska E, Zhao Z, Höök M, Lukomski S. Assessment of prokaryotic collagen-like sequences derived from streptococcal Scl1 and Scl2 proteins as a source of recombinant GXY polymers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:109-115. [PMID: 16552563 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Collagen triple helix, composed of the repeating Gly-Xaa-Yaa (GXY) sequence, is a structural element found in all multicellular animals and also in some prokaryotes. Long GXY polymers are highly regarded components used in food, cosmetic, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we explore a new concept for the production of recombinant GXY polymers which are based on the sequence of "prokaryotic collagens", the streptococcal collagen-like proteins Scl1 and Scl2. Analysis of 50 Scl variants identified the amino acid distribution and GXY-repeat usage that are involved in the stabilization of the triple helix in Scls. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy and electron microscopy, we show that significantly different recombinant rScl polypeptides form stable, unhydroxylated homotrimeric triple helices that can be produced both intra- and extracellularly in the Escherichia coli. These rScl constructs containing 20 to 129 GXY repeats had mid-point melting temperatures between 32 and 39 degrees C. Altogether, Scl-derived collagens, which are different from the mammalian collagens, can form stable triple helices under physiological conditions and can be used for the production of recombinant GXY polymers with a wide variety of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlin Han
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Antoni Zwiefka
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Clayton C Caswell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Ewa Lukomska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Magnus Höök
- Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Slawomir Lukomski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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133
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Barral P, Batanero E, Villalba M, Rodríguez R. Expression of the major olive pollen allergen Ole e 10 in the yeast Pichia pastoris: evidence of post-translational modifications. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 44:147-54. [PMID: 15935694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Revised: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Olive pollen allergy is a clinical disorder that affects around 20% of the population in Mediterranean areas. The major olive pollen allergen, Ole e 10, is involved in cross-reactivity phenomena and asthma induction in allergic patients, and, besides its clinical interest, Ole e 10 is the first member of a new family of plant proteins. Ole e 10-specific cDNA has been cloned in the plasmid pPICZalphaA and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The recombinant protein has been purified in a two chromatographic-step procedure. N-Terminal sequencing, mass spectrometry, IgG, and IgE binding assays were employed to characterize the recombinant allergen. These analyses revealed that the product undergoes a proteolytic cleavage in the N-terminal end with the loss of the first six residues. Different strategies were used to solve this problem, such as changes in the fermentation conditions and the employment of protease-deficient yeast strains. Proteolytic cleavage was minimized and about 51% of rOle e 10 was obtained as a full-length protein. Moreover, a covalent modification was found in the N-terminal end of the full-length rOle e 10. Peptide mapping and mass spectrometry analyses pointed to the existence of a phosphorylation located in a serine residue of the N-terminal segment of rOle e 10 and it was confirmed after treatment of the sample with alkaline phosphatase. Finally, both full-length and truncated rOle e 10 retained most of the IgG- and IgE-binding capabilities of the natural protein isolated from the pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Barral
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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134
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Liu ZM, Zhao HL, Xue C, Deng BB, Zhang W, Xiong XH, Yang BF, Yao XQ. Secretory expression and characterization of a recombinant-deleted variant of human hepatocyte growth factor in Pichia pastoris. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 11:7097-103. [PMID: 16437654 PMCID: PMC4725081 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i45.7097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the secretory expression of human hepatocyte growth factor (hdHGF) gene in Pichia pastoris. METHODS The full-length gene of human cDNA encoding the deleted variant of hdHGF was cloned by RT-PCR and overlapping-fragment PCR technique using mRNA of human placenta as a template. The cloned hdHGF cDNA was inserted into the Escherichia coli-yeast shuttle vector of pPIC9. The constructed plasmid, pPIC9-hdHGF, was transformed into the GS115 cells of the methylotrophic yeast, P pastoris, using a chemical method. The Mut(+ ) transformants were screened to obtain high-expression strains by the test and analysis of expressed products of shake-flask culture. A secretory form of rhdHGF was made with the aid of the leader peptide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor. RESULTS The expressed products, which showed a band of molecular mass of about 80 ku, were observed on 15% SDS-PAGE and identified by Western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing. In the high cell density culture of 5 L fermentor by fed-batch culture protocol, the cell biomass was reached at approximately 135 g (DCW)/L. The productivity of secreted total supernant protein concentration attained a high-level expression of more than 8.0 g/L and the ratio of rhdHGF band area was about 12.3% of the total band area scanned by SDS-PAGE analysis, which estimated that the product of rhdHGF was 500-900 mg/L. CONCLUSION The P pastoris system represents an attractive tool of generating large quantities of hdHGF for both research and industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Liu
- Department of Microbiological Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China.
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135
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Choi DB, Park EY. Enhanced production of mouse α-amylase by feeding combined nitrogen and carbon sources in fed-batch culture of recombinant Pichia pastoris. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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136
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Richter S, Nieveler J, Schulze H, Bachmann TT, Schmid RD. High yield production of a mutantNippostrongylus brasiliensis acetylcholinesterase inPichia pastoris and its purification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:1017-22. [PMID: 16302258 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mutant M301A of the acetylcholinesterase B from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (NbAChE) was produced in a high-cell-density fermentation of a recombinant methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Dissolved oxygen (DO) spikes were used as an indicator for feeding the carbon source. Wet cell weight (WCW) reached after 8 days a maximum value of 316 g/L and the OD600 at this time was 280. The acetylcholinesterase activity increased up to 6,600 U/mL corresponding to an expression rate of 2 g of NbAChE per liter supernatant. The specific activity of the mutant NbAChE was determined after purification as 3,300 U/mg. Active site titration with chlorpyrifos, a strong AChE inhibitor, yielded in a specific activity of 3,400 U/mg. The enzyme was secreted by Pichia pastoris. Therefore, it could be concentrated from culture broth by cross-flow-filtration (50 kDa cut-off membrane). It was further purified in one-step anion-exchange chromatography, using a XK 50/20 column filled with 125 mL Q Sepharose HP. Mutant NbAChE was purified 1.9-fold up to a purity of 97% and a yield of 87%. The isolated enzyme was nearly homogenous, as seen on the silver stained SDS-PAGE as well as by a single peak after gel filtration. This extraordinary high expression rate and the ease of purification is an important prerequisite for their practical application, for example in biosensors for the detection of neurotoxic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Richter
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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137
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Khatri NK, Hoffmann F. Impact of methanol concentration on secreted protein production in oxygen-limited cultures of recombinantPichia pastoris. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:871-9. [PMID: 16320364 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is a powerful system for production of recombinant proteins, showing high ability to secrete properly folded proteins. A major plus is the strong AOX1 promoter highly induced by methanol. During growth on methanol, however, oxygen readily becomes limiting. In oxygen-limited cultivations of recombinant Pichia pastoris, the methanol concentration had a strong impact on the production of a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv). High methanol concentrations were required to compensate the lack of oxygen and fully induce recombinant protein production, at the same time reducing gratuitous biomass formation due to a lower biomass yield. Product concentrations of 60, 150, and 350 mg/L were obtained with methanol concentrations of 0.3, 1, and 3% (v/v). Moreover, accumulation of a putative product fragment that cannot be removed during affinity purification was prevented at high methanol concentrations. Cell vitality after 100 h was maintained above 98% and 96% of the culture with 0.3% and 3% methanol, respectively. In cultivations supplemented with oxygen, in contrast, methanol concentration between 0.3% and 3% did not influence the product yield of 300-400 mg/L. Thus, efficient recombinant protein production under oxygen-limitation seems to require high methanol concentrations, enabling product concentration as high as otherwise obtained only with expensive supply of pure oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendar K Khatri
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Biotechnology, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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138
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Báez J, Olsen D, Polarek JW. Recombinant microbial systems for the production of human collagen and gelatin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 69:245-52. [PMID: 16240115 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2005] [Revised: 08/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of genetically engineered microorganisms is a cost-effective, scalable technology for the production of recombinant human collagen (rhC) and recombinant gelatin (rG). This review will discuss the use of yeast (Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenula polymorpha) and of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus brevis) genetically engineered for the production of rhC and rG. P. pastoris is the preferred production system for rhC and rG. Recombinant strains of P. pastoris accumulate properly hydroxylated triple helical rhC intracellularly at levels up to 1.5 g/l. Coexpression of recombinant collagen with recombinant prolyl hydroxylase results in the synthesis of hydroxylated collagen with thermal stability similar to native collagens. The purified hydroxylated rhC forms fibrils that are structurally similar to fibrils assembled from native collagen. These qualities make rhC attractive for use in many medical applications. P. pastoris can also be engineered to secrete high levels (3 to 14 g/l ) of collagen fragments with defined length, composition, and physiochemical properties that serve as substitutes for animal-derived gelatins. The replacement of animal-derived collagen and gelatin with rhC and rG will result in products with improved safety, traceability, reproducibility, and quality. In addition, the rhC and rG can be engineered to improve the performance of products containing these biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Báez
- FibroGen, Inc., 225 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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139
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Kuwae S, Ohyama M, Ohya T, Ohi H, Kobayashi K. Production of recombinant human antithrombin by Pichia pastoris. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 99:264-71. [PMID: 16233787 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.99.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the production of recombinant human antithrombin (rAT) by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. In preliminary methanol-limited fed-batch fermentation, the rAT concentration reached 324 mg/l at 192 h of cultivation, but the specific heparin cofactor (HC) activity of rAT in the culture supernatant was 10% of that of plasma-derived antithrombin (pAT). To improve the specific HC activity of rAT, effort was first focused on the optimization of culture pH and media composition, resulting in protection of rAT against pH-dependent instability and proteolytic degradation. However, even in the optimized methanol-limited fed-batch fermentation, the specific HC activity of rAT in the culture supernatant was still 20% that of pAT. To investigate the unknown mechanisms involved in the decreased specific HC activity of rAT, the culture supernatant of mock-transfected cells was prepared by methanol-limited fed-batch fermentation. When pAT was added to this supernatant, a rapid decrease in HC activity was observed; the residual HC activity was 26% after 24 h of incubation at 25 degrees C. The loss of pAT activity was prevented by addition of a formaldehyde scavenger, amino urea, to the supernatant. In addition, alcohol oxidase activity was observed in the supernatant, resulting in the accumulation of formaldehyde in the culture broth. These results suggest that the formaldehyde produced by methanol oxidation in the culture broth of P. pastoris might decrease the HC activity of rAT during fermentation. Replacing the methanol with glycerol as the carbon source improved the specific HC activity of rAT from 20% to above 40% of that of pAT. In the glycerol-limited fed-batch fermentation, rAT is expressed at 100 mg/l under the control of the truncated mutated AOX2 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Kuwae
- Protein Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation, 2-25-1 Shodai-ohtani, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1153, Japan.
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140
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Hahn-Hägerdal B, Karhumaa K, Larsson CU, Gorwa-Grauslund M, Görgens J, van Zyl WH. Role of cultivation media in the development of yeast strains for large scale industrial use. Microb Cell Fact 2005; 4:31. [PMID: 16283927 PMCID: PMC1316877 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-4-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of cultivation media in relation to strain development for industrial application is reviewed. Heterologous protein production and pentose utilization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae are used to illustrate the influence of media composition at different stages of strain construction and strain development. The effects of complex, defined and industrial media are compared. Auxotrophic strains and strain stability are discussed. Media for heterologous protein production and for bulk bio-commodity production are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaisa Karhumaa
- Applied Microbiology, LTH/Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christer U Larsson
- Applied Microbiology, LTH/Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Johann Görgens
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch
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141
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Mansur M, Cabello C, Hernández L, País J, Varas L, Valdés J, Terrero Y, Hidalgo A, Plana L, Besada V, García L, Lamazares E, Castellanos L, Martínez E. Multiple gene copy number enhances insulin precursor secretion in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett 2005; 27:339-45. [PMID: 15834796 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-005-1007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have found a direct relationship between protein production in Pichia pastoris and the number of introduced synthetic genes of miniproinsulin (MPI), fused to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pre-pro alpha factor used as secretion signal, and inserted between the alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter and terminator sequences. Two consecutive approaches were followed to increase the number of integrated cassettes: the head-to-tail expression cassette multimerization procedure and re-transformation with a dominant selection marker. This increased expression from 19 to 250 mg l(-1) when about 11 copies have been integrated. Further, the correct position of one of the disulphide bridges of the purified molecule was verified by digestion with Glu-C endoprotease, followed by mass spectrometry of the isolated fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mansur
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 11600, Cuba.
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142
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de Bruin EC, Roem D, Bulder I, Dieker M, Voerman G, Hack CE. Production, purification and characterisation of recombinant Fahsin, a novel antistasin-type proteinase inhibitor. FEMS Yeast Res 2005; 5:1069-77. [PMID: 16269393 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2005] [Revised: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteinases from inflammatory cells, including polymorphonuclear neutrophils, are involved in various inflammatory disorders, like pulmonary emphysema and rheumatoid arthritis. Inhibitors of these serine proteinases are potential drug candidates for the treatment of these disorders, since they prevent the unrestricted proteolysis. This study describes a novel specific antistasin-type inhibitor of neutrophil serine proteinases, we called Fahsin. This inhibitor was purified from the Nile leech Limnatis nilotica, sequenced and heterologously expressed using a synthetic gene in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, yielding 0.5 g(-l) of the protein in the culture medium. Recombinant Fahsin was purified to homogeneity and characterised by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry. Inhibition-kinetic analysis showed that recombinant Fahsin is a fast, tight-binding inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase with inhibition constant in the nanomolar range. Furthermore, recombinant Fahsin was, in contrast to various other neutrophil elastase inhibitors, insensitive to chemical oxidation and biological oxidation via myeloperoxidase-generated free oxygen radicals. Thus, Fahsin constitutes a novel member of a still expanding family of naturally occurring inhibitors of serine proteinases with potential therapeutic use for treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C de Bruin
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research at CLB, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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143
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Liu SH, Chou WI, Lin SC, Sheu CC, Chang MDT. Molecular genetic manipulation of Pichia pastoris SEC4 governs cell growth and glucoamylase secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 336:1172-80. [PMID: 16176807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously engineered a recombinant Pichia pastoris GS115 transformant, MSPGA-7, harboring seven copies of glucoamylase (GA) fused with modified signal peptide. High yield secretion of GA was achieved as an extra copy of SEC4 was integrated to the transformant. To elucidate the physiological role of SEC4, a dominant-negative mutant of SEC4, SEC4(S28N), was overexpressed under the control of alchohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter in P. pastoris strain MSPGA-7 as well as a set of host cells harboring multi-copy of wild type SEC4. We found that SEC4(S28N) mutation in the key guanine nucleotide binding domain reduced guanine nucleotide binding affinity, hence it blocked the transport of vesicles required for targeting and fusion to the plasma membrane. The inhibitory levels of cell growth and GA secretion were correlated with the dosage of SEC4(S28N) gene. In addition, overexpression of SEC4 driven by AOX1 promoter in MSPGA-7 improved the secretory production of GA, but demonstrated the delay of cell growth by increased gene dosage of SEC4. Interestingly, a limited level of Sec4p did not disturb the cell growth. It was because expression of only one copy of SEC4 resulted in delay of cell growth at an early stage while still maintaining high level Sec4p at long-term incubation. Accordingly, as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter was used to substitute AOX1 promoter to drive the SEC4 expression, enhanced GA secretion but not inhibition of cell growth was achieved. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SEC4 is essential for P. pastoris in regulating cell growth and heterologous protein secretion in a dosage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hwei Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, ROC
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144
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Woo SH, Park SH, Lim HK, Jung KH. Extended operation of a pressurized 75-L bioreactor for shLkn-1 production by Pichia pastoris using dissolved oxygen profile control. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 32:474-80. [PMID: 16179982 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-005-0248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2004] [Accepted: 05/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a dissolved oxygen (DO)-stat fed-batch process was conducted in a pressurized 75-L bioreactor, resulting in the production of the short version of human leukotactin-1 (shLkn-1) using Pichia pastoris as the host, with control of the DO-stat profile and an extension of the recombinant shLkn-1 production phase. By regulation of the exhaust-gas valve, we were able to maintain the vessel pressure at up to 120 kPa, in order to overcome DO limitations associated with the use of the DO-stat. The lowest DO value was adjusted by varying the feed pump speed, allowing us to control the DO-stat profile. This principle was successfully applied to both glycerol feeding during the growth phase and methanol feeding for the induction of shLkn-1. The extension of the methanol induction phase to a total of 192 h of culture time resulted in a shLkn-1 concentration of 2.5 g/L, and a total of 102 g of cumulative production. During this extended induction period, the C-terminal residue of shLkn-1 was truncated and this was confirmed by both reverse-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwan Woo
- Mogam Biotechnology Institute, Yougin, Kyonggi-Do, Korea
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145
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Charoenrat T, Ketudat-Cairns M, Stendahl-Andersen H, Jahic M, Enfors SO. Oxygen-limited fed-batch process: an alternative control for Pichia pastoris recombinant protein processes. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2005; 27:399-406. [PMID: 16080002 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-005-0005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An oxygen-limited fed-batch technique (OLFB) was compared to traditional methanol-limited fed-batch technique (MLFB) for the production of recombinant Thai Rosewood beta-glucosidase with Pichia pastoris. The degree of energy limitation, expressed as the relative rate of respiration (q(O)/q(O,max)), was kept similar in both the types of processes. Due to the higher driving force for oxygen transfer in the OLFB, the oxygen and methanol consumption rates were about 40% higher in the OLFB. The obligate aerobe P. pastoris responded to the severe oxygen limitation mainly by increased maintenance demand, measured as increased carbon dioxide production per methanol, but still somewhat higher cell density (5%) and higher product concentrations (16%) were obtained. The viability was similar, about 90-95%, in both process types, but the amount of total proteins released in the medium was much less in the OLFB processes resulting in substantially higher (64%) specific enzyme purity for input to the downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theppanya Charoenrat
- School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Helle Stendahl-Andersen
- School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehmedalija Jahic
- School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven-Olof Enfors
- School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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146
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Olsen D, Jiang J, Chang R, Duffy R, Sakaguchi M, Leigh S, Lundgard R, Ju J, Buschman F, Truong-Le V, Pham B, Polarek JW. Expression and characterization of a low molecular weight recombinant human gelatin: development of a substitute for animal-derived gelatin with superior features. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 40:346-57. [PMID: 15766877 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2004] [Revised: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin is used as a stabilizer in several vaccines. Allergic reactions to gelatins have been reported, including anaphylaxis. These gelatins are derived from animal tissues and thus represent a potential source of contaminants that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. We have developed a low molecular weight human sequence gelatin that can substitute for the animal sourced materials. A cDNA fragment encoding 101 amino acids of the human proalpha1 (I) chain was amplified, cloned into plasmid pPICZalpha, integrated into Pichia pastoris strain X-33, and isolates expressing high levels of recombinant gelatin FG-5001 were identified. Purified FG-5001 was able to stabilize a live attenuated viral vaccine as effectively as porcine gelatin. This prototype recombinant gelatin was homogeneous with respect to molecular weight but consisted of several charge isoforms. These isoforms were separated by cation exchange chromatography and found to result from a combination of truncation of the C-terminal arginine and post-translational phosphorylation. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify the primary site of phosphorylation as serine residue 546; serine 543 was phosphorylated at a low level. A new construct was designed encoding an engineered gelatin, FG-5009, with point mutations that eliminated the charge heterogeneity. FG-5009 was not recognized by antigelatin IgE antibodies from children with confirmed gelatin allergies, establishing the low allergenic potential of this gelatin. The homogeneity of FG-5009, the ability to produce large quantities in a reproducible manner, and its low allergenic potential make this a superior substitute for the animal gelatin hydrolysates currently used to stabilize many pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olsen
- FibroGen, Inc. 225 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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147
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Werten MWT, de Wolf FA. Reduced proteolysis of secreted gelatin and Yps1-mediated alpha-factor leader processing in a Pichia pastoris kex2 disruptant. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:2310-7. [PMID: 15870316 PMCID: PMC1087524 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.5.2310-2317.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous proteins secreted by yeast and fungal expression hosts are occasionally degraded at basic amino acids. We cloned Pichia pastoris homologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae basic residue-specific endoproteases Kex2 and Yps1 to evaluate their involvement in the degradation of a secreted mammalian gelatin. Disruption of the P. pastoris KEX2 gene prevented proteolysis of the foreign protein at specific monoarginylic sites. The S. cerevisiae alpha-factor preproleader used to direct high-level gelatin secretion was correctly processed at its dibasic site in the absence of the prototypical proprotein convertase Kex2. Disruption of the YPS1 gene had no effect on gelatin degradation or processing of the alpha-factor propeptide. When both the KEX2 and YPS1 genes were disrupted, correct precursor maturation no longer occurred. The different substrate specificities of both proteases and their mutual redundancy for propeptide processing indicate that P. pastoris kex2 and yps1 single-gene disruptants can be used for the alpha-factor leader-directed secretion of heterologous proteins otherwise degraded at basic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W T Werten
- Agrotechnology & Food Innovations B.V., Wageningen UR, Bornsesteeg 59, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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148
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Cos O, Serrano A, Montesinos JL, Ferrer P, Cregg JM, Valero F. Combined effect of the methanol utilization (Mut) phenotype and gene dosage on recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris fed-batch cultures. J Biotechnol 2005; 116:321-35. [PMID: 15748759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Revised: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An important number of heterologous proteins have been produced in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris using the alcohol oxidase promoter. Two factors that drastically influence protein production and cultivation process development in this system are gene dosage and methanol assimilation capacity of the host strain (Mut phenotype). Using a battery of four strains which secrete a Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL), the combined effects of gene dosage and Mut phenotype on recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris was studied in fed-batch cultures. Regarding the effect of phenotype, the specific productivity and the Y(P/X) were 1.29- and 2.34-fold higher for Mut(s)ROL single copy strain than for Mut+ROL single copy strain. On the contrary, the productivity of Mut+ROL single copy strain was 1.34-fold higher than Mut(s)ROL single copy strain. An increase in ROL gene dosage seems to negatively affect cell's performance in bioreactor cultures, particularly in Mut(s) strains. Overall, the Mut(s) strain may be still advantageous to use because it allows for easier process control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Cos
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, ETSE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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149
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Vad R, Nafstad E, Dahl LA, Gabrielsen OS. Engineering of a Pichia pastoris expression system for secretion of high amounts of intact human parathyroid hormone. J Biotechnol 2005; 116:251-60. [PMID: 15707686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Revised: 11/19/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) is involved in calcium metabolism, and the unique ability of this hormone to stimulate bone growth makes it a promising agent in the treatment of osteoporosis. We have engineered the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris for the production of over 300 mg intact hPTH per liter growth medium. The presence of 10 mM EDTA in the culture medium was essential to obtain this high hormone yield, indicating that metallopeptidases are mainly responsible for the otherwise instability of hPTH. Furthermore, the secretion process of hPTH was considerably improved by coexpression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein disulphide isomerase (ScPDI). Since hPTH does not contain any cystein residues, this effect may be indirect or ascribed to the chaperone activity of PDI. Contrary to the situation in S. cerevisiae, use of a protease-deficient host strain provided no additional advantage. The hormone secreted by P. pastoris was not subjected to proteolytic processing by Kex2p in the two internal tribasic sites, nor were any C-terminal truncated hPTH forms detected. However, the P. pastoris hPTH producing transformants cosecreted ubiquitin to the culture medium, possibly as a result of a stress-related response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Vad
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1041 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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150
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Abstract
Yeast and other fungal protein-expression hosts have been extensively used to produce industrial enzymes, and are often the expression system of choice when manufacturing costs are of primary concern. However, for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins intended for use in humans, yeast have been less useful owing to their inability to modify proteins with human glycosylation structures. Yeast N-glycosylation is of the high-mannose type, which confers a short half-life in vivo and thereby compromises the efficacy of most therapeutic glycoproteins. Several approaches to humanizing yeast N-glycosylation pathways have been attempted over the past decade with limited success. Recently however, advances in the glycoengineering of yeast and the expression of therapeutic glycoproteins with humanized N-glycosylation structures have shown significant promise - this review summarizes the most important developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wildt
- GlycoFi Inc., 21 Lafayette Street, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA
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