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Zhou Q, Chen F, Zhao J, Li B, Liang Y, Pan W, Zhang S, Wang X, Zheng D. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 promotes osteosarcoma development by acting as a molecular sponge to regulate miR-195. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82620-82633. [PMID: 27813492 PMCID: PMC5347719 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) during oncogenesis. In this study, the qRT-PCR results indicated that the lncRNA PVT1 is overexpressed in osteosarcoma and decreased the survival rate of osteosarcoma patients. MTT and clonal colony formation assays were used to detect the effect of PVT1 on proliferation, and flow cytometry was performed to assess apoptosis and the cell cycle. A Transwell assay was used to analyze migration and invasion. The results revealed that silencing PVT1 by siRNA inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, a gene microarray was used to screen differentially expressed miRNAs associated with PVT1. The interaction between PVT1 and miRNAs was then analyzed by qRT-PCR and luciferase reporter gene assay. We found that PVT1 negatively regulated miR-195 in osteosarcoma cells. Simultaneously, we found that silencing PVT1 by siRNA suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via miR-195 in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, silencing PVT1 by siRNA inhibited BCL2, CCND1, and FASN protein expression via miR-195 in osteosarcoma cells, and BCL2 inhibited the si-PVT1#1-induced apoptosis of U2OS cells. CCND1 inhibited the cell cycle arrest of U2OS cells induced by si-PVT1#1. FASN promoted the invasiveness U2OS cells, which was inhibited by si-PVT1#1. Therefore, our study demonstrated that PVT1 may be a therapeutic target for treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengli Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Central Laboratory and Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoxian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donghui Zheng
- Department of Central Laboratory and Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, China
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Sampson VB, Vetter NS, Zhang W, Patil PU, Mason RW, George E, Gorlick R, Kolb EA. Integrating mechanisms of response and resistance against the tubulin binding agent Eribulin in preclinical models of osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86594-86607. [PMID: 27863409 PMCID: PMC5349938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequently occurring bone cancer in children and adolescents. Unfortunately, treatment failures are common. Eribulin is a synthetic microtubule inhibitor that has demonstrated activity in preclinical osteosarcoma models. The effects of eribulin were evaluated in two human osteosarcoma cell lines as well as in eribulin-sensitive and -resistant osteosarcoma xenograft tumors of the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) by characterizing cell viability, microtubule destabilization, mitotic arrest and mechanism of cell death. Eribulin demonstrated cytotoxic activity in vitro, through promotion of microtubule dynamic instability, arrest of cells in the G2/M phase, mitotic catastrophe and cell death. The microtubule-destabilizing protein stathmin-1 (STMN1) was coimmunoprecipitated with the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 indicating that these cytoplasmic complexes can protect cells from the microtubule destabilizing effect of eribulin. Increased tumoral expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and TUBB3 were also associated with lower drug sensitivity. In summary, eribulin successfully blocked cells in G2/M phase but interfered with mitochondria activity to inhibit proteins involved in apoptosis. Understanding the complex and inter-related mechanisms involved in the overall drug response to eribulin may help in the design of therapeutic strategies that enhance drug activity and improve benefits of eribulin in pediatric patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie B Sampson
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Nancy S Vetter
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics - Hematology and Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pratima U Patil
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Erika George
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Department of Pediatrics - Hematology and Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Edward A Kolb
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
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Malcherczyk D, Heyse TJ, El-Zayat BF, Kunzke V, Moll R, Fuchs-Winkelmann S, Paletta JRJ. Expression of MMP-9 decreases metastatic potential of Chondrosarcoma: an immunohistochemical study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:9. [PMID: 29316907 PMCID: PMC5761152 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor. Because of their heterogeneity, with differences in invasive and metastatic behavior, it is important to identify biological markers that will allow for a more accurate estimation of prognosis in patients with these tumors. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play a crucial role in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. The mechanism of tumor progression dependent of MMPs is complex and influences malignant transformation, angiogenesis and tumor growth at the primary and metastatic sites. The purpose of this study was to investigate immunohistochemicaly the influence of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13 expression on prognostic parameter in chondrosarcoma. Methods We investigated tissue samples of 28 patients with chondrosarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13 was performed. Subsequently, the expression level was correlated with metastatic potential, histological grading and overall survival in patients with this neoplasm. Results In consideration of semi quantitative scoring 64% of chondrosarcoma were scored as positive for MMP-1, 46% for MMP-3, 61% for MMP-9. The specimens had shown no expression of MMP-13. High expression of MMP-9 was associated with better histological differentiation, decreased metastatic potential and favourable overall survival. No correlation was found for expression of MMP-1, MMP-3 or MMP-13. Conclusions MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 are expressed in chondrosarcoma. Our findings suggest that the expression of MMP-9 is associated with clinical outcome parameters in chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Malcherczyk
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas J Heyse
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bilal F El-Zayat
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Kunzke
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Moll
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuchs-Winkelmann
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen R J Paletta
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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104
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Rosenberg AE. Bone Sarcoma Pathology: Diagnostic Approach for Optimal Therapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:794-798. [PMID: 28561653 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_174697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathologic interpretation of malignant bone tumors is one of the more challenging areas in surgical pathology. This is based on the reality that primary bone sarcomas are uncommon, demonstrate significant morphologic heterogeneity, and have a broad spectrum of biology. Accordingly, it is difficult for pathologists to acquire the necessary experience to confidently and accurately diagnose bone sarcomas. The task is further complicated by the fact that it requires the integration of clinical and radiologic information into the diagnostic process. Lastly, molecular aberrations in sarcomas are being newly discovered and their identification is often critical to make specific diagnoses. The pathologist's role in guiding optimal treatment in biopsy specimens is to make an accurate diagnosis and provide the grade and molecular aberrations when appropriate. The pathology report of resected tumors must confirm this information and assess the surgical resection margins and the percentage of necrosis if the sarcoma has been treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy.
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105
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Yang Z, Wa QD, Lu C, Pan W, Lu ZΜ, Ao J. miR‑328‑3p enhances the radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma and regulates apoptosis and cell viability via H2AX. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:545-553. [PMID: 29207178 PMCID: PMC5783622 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a kind of high-risk sarcoma of the skeleton typically observed in people under 25 years old. Currently, radiotherapy is widely applied in cancer treatment. However, osteosarcoma is radioresistant and accordingly new, more effective radiosensitizers are needed. miRNAs have been reported to play an important role in osteosarcoma radiosensitivity. We examined the modulating effect of miR-328-3p in vivo and in vitro. miR-328-3p was downregulated in HOS-2R cells. The overexpression of miR-328-3p enhanced the radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells. miR-328-3p inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells under radiation conditions. In cells overexpressing miR-328-3p, H2AX expression was downregulated. We found that miR-328-3p targets H2AX and inhibits its expression. It was concluded, that miR-328-3p enhances the radiosensitization of osteosarcoma following X-ray irradiation, and determined that it directly targets H2AX to regulate radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Qing-De Wa
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Lu
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Μo Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ao
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
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Raimondi L, De Luca A, Costa V, Amodio N, Carina V, Bellavia D, Tassone P, Pagani S, Fini M, Alessandro R, Giavaresi G. Circulating biomarkers in osteosarcoma: new translational tools for diagnosis and treatment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100831-100851. [PMID: 29246026 PMCID: PMC5725068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare primary malignant bone tumour arising from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells, with high incidence in children and young adults, accounting for approximately 60% of all malignant bone tumours. Currently, long-term disease-free survival can be achieved by surgical treatment plus chemotherapy in approximately 60% of patients with localized extremity disease, and in 20-30% of patients with metastatic lung or bone disease. Diagnosis of primary lesions and recurrences is achieved by using radiological investigations and standard tissue biopsy, the latter being costly, painful and hardly repeatable for patients. Therefore, despite some recent advances, novel biomarkers for OS diagnosis, prediction of response to therapy, disease progression and chemoresistance, are urgently needed. Biological fluids such as blood represent a rich source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers, which allow to understand what is really happening inside the tumour, either at diagnosis or during disease progression. In this regard, liquid biopsy potentially represents an alternative and non-invasive method to detect tumour onset, progression and response to therapy. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art in this novel area, illustrating recent studies on OS. Although the data reported in literature seem preliminary, liquid biopsy represents a promising tool with the potential to be rapidly translated in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Raimondi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela De Luca
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Costa
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Carina
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Bellavia
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Pagani
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
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107
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Acute Isolated Paraplegia Revealing an Ewing Sarcoma of the Thoracic Spine. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017; 39:e479-e482. [PMID: 28582275 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) infrequently affects the spine. Diagnosis is usually made several weeks following growing symptoms. In this report, we present the case of a child with ES localized at the upper thoracic level. ES was revealed by isolated acute complete paraplegia mimicking medullary stroke. The girl was operated for decompressive laminectomy and tumor removal. Afterwards, she received adjuvant therapy. Subsequently, the child showed a slow improvement of her leg sensitivity associated with a partial motor recovery. ES can affect the mobile spine. Acute symptomatology due to intratumoral hemorrhage and sudden spinal cord compression may suggest the diagnosis. Neurological outcomes following ES are generally poor.
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108
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Simpson S, Dunning MD, de Brot S, Grau-Roma L, Mongan NP, Rutland CS. Comparative review of human and canine osteosarcoma: morphology, epidemiology, prognosis, treatment and genetics. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:71. [PMID: 29065898 PMCID: PMC5655853 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a rare cancer in people. However OSA incidence rates in dogs are 27 times higher than in people. Prognosis in both species is relatively poor, with 5 year OSA survival rates in people not having improved in decades. For dogs, 1 year survival rates are only around ~ 45%. Improved and novel treatment regimens are urgently required to improve survival in both humans and dogs with OSA. Utilising information from genetic studies could assist in this in both species, with the higher incidence rates in dogs contributing to the dog population being a good model of human disease. This review compares the clinical characteristics, gross morphology and histopathology, aetiology, epidemiology, and genetics of canine and human OSA. Finally, the current position of canine OSA genetic research is discussed and areas for additional work within the canine population are identified.
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Al-Khan AA, Gunn HJ, Day MJ, Tayebi M, Ryan SD, Kuntz CA, Saad ES, Richardson SJ, Danks JA. Immunohistochemical Validation of Spontaneously Arising Canine Osteosarcoma as a Model for Human Osteosarcoma. J Comp Pathol 2017; 157:256-265. [PMID: 29169619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) originates from bone-forming mesenchymal cells and represents one of the primary bone tumours. It is the most common primary bone tumour in dogs and man. The characterization of an appropriate natural disease animal model to study human OS is essential to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aimed to validate canine OS as a model for the human disease by evaluating immunohistochemically the expression of markers known to be important in human OS. The immunohistochemical panel included vimentin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), desmin, S100, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Immunohistochemistry was conducted on formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue sections from 59 dogs with confirmed primary OS. Vimentin, ALP, Runx2 and BMP4 were highly expressed by all tumours, while desmin, S100 and NSE were expressed variably. The findings were similar to those described previously for human OS and suggest that canine OS may represent a useful model for the study of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Al-Khan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H J Gunn
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Somerset, UK
| | - M Tayebi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - S D Ryan
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study Group (TRACTS), Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - C A Kuntz
- Southpaws Veterinary Hospital, Moorabbin, Australia
| | - E S Saad
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J A Danks
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze clinical outcomes after treatment of petroclival chondrosarcoma and to propose a novel staging system. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case review, 1995 to 2015. SETTING Multicenter study. PATIENTS Consecutive patients with histopathologically proven petroclival chondrosarcoma. INTERVENTION(S) Microsurgery, endoscopic endonasal surgery, radiation therapy, observation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Disease- and treatment-associated morbidity, recurrence, mortality. RESULTS Fifty-five patients (mean age 42 years; 56% women) presenting with primary or recurrent petroclival chondrosarcoma were analyzed. The mean duration of follow-up was 74 months. Among 47 primary cases, the most common presenting symptoms were headache (55%) and diplopia (49%) and the mean tumor size at diagnosis was 3.3 cm. Subtotal resection was performed in 33 (73%) patients and gross total resection in 12 (27%). Adjuvant postoperative radiation was administered in 30 (64%) cases. Preoperative cranial neuropathy improved in 13 (29%), worsened in 11 (24%), and remained stable in 21 (47%) patients; notably, 11 preoperative sixth nerve palsies resolved after treatment. Nine recurrences occurred at a mean of 42 months. The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year recurrence-free survival rate for all 45 patients who underwent primary microsurgery with or without adjuvant radiation therapy was 97%, 89%, 70%, and 56%, respectively. Higher tumor stage, larger categorical size (<4 versus ≥4 cm), lack of adjuvant radiation, and longer duration of follow-up were associated with greater risk of recurrence. The overall mortality rate was 2% for patients presenting with primary disease.Analyzing the cohort of 17 cases with 20 recurrences, 3 received salvage surgery alone, 5 radiation therapy alone, 11 multimodality treatment, and one patient has been observed. Tumor control was ultimately achieved in 15 of 17 patients with recurrent disease. One patient (6%) with grade 3 petroclival chondrosarcoma died as a result of rapidly progressive disease within 6 months of salvage treatment. The overall mortality rate was 6% for patients with recurrent disease. CONCLUSION Gross total or subtotal resection with adjuvant radiation provides durable tumor control with minimal morbidity in most patients. Surgery may improve preoperative cranial nerve dysfunction, particularly in the case of cranial nerve 6 paralysis.
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Gianferante DM, Mirabello L, Savage SA. Germline and somatic genetics of osteosarcoma - connecting aetiology, biology and therapy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:480-491. [PMID: 28338660 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes and treatment modalities for osteosarcoma, the most common primary cancer of bone, have changed very little over the past 30 years. The peak incidence of osteosarcoma occurs during the adolescent growth spurt, which suggests that bone growth and pubertal hormones are important in the aetiology of the disease. Tall stature, high birth weight and certain inherited cancer predisposition syndromes are well-described risk factors for osteosarcoma. Common genetic variants are also associated with osteosarcoma. The somatic genome of osteosarcoma is highly aneuploid, exhibits extensive intratumoural heterogeneity and has a higher mutation rate than most other paediatric cancers. Complex pathways related to bone growth and development and tumorigenesis are also important in osteosarcoma biology. In this Review, we discuss the contributions of germline and somatic genetics, tumour biology and animal models in improving our understanding of osteosarcoma aetiology, and their potential to identify novel therapeutic targets and thus improve the lives of patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matthew Gianferante
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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113
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Zhao J, Cheng L. Long non-coding RNA CCAT1/miR-148a axis promotes osteosarcoma proliferation and migration through regulating PIK3IP1. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:503-512. [PMID: 28549102 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent type of malignant primary bone tumor. Although many efforts have been made, the survival rate of osteosarcoma still remains unsatisfied. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be associated with many diseases including tumors, and involved in the regulation of a wide array of pathophysiological processes. Colon-cancer-associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) was first identified in colon cancer and has subsequently been reported to perform many functions in tumor progression. The present study aimed to comprehensively explore the biological functions of CCAT1 and its underlying mechanism in osteosarcoma cells. Our findings revealed that CCAT1 was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cells, and was involved in the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma via regulating miR-148a/phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase interacting protein 1 (PIK3IP1) signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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114
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Meijer ST, Paulino Pereira NR, Nota SPFT, Ferrone ML, Schwab JH, Lozano Calderón SA. Factors associated with infection after reconstructive shoulder surgery for proximal humerus tumors. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017; 26:931-938. [PMID: 28094193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main reconstruction techniques for proximal humerus tumors include osteoarticular allografts (OAs), endoprostheses (EPs), or allograft prosthetic composites (APCs). A common complication is infection, and constructs involving the use of allografts are believed to be at a higher risk of infection. Literature comparing infection rates between different modalities of reconstruction is scarce and underpowered. The study purposes were (1) to determine and compare the prevalence of infection in patients who underwent reconstruction of the proximal humerus including OAs, EPs, and APCs; (2) to identify preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative predictors of infection that might be modifiable; and (3) to present our protocol of treatment in patients with superficial and deep infections. METHODS We reviewed 150 patients of all ages with proximal humerus tumors treated by an OA, EP, or APC at 2 tertiary institutions. The prevalence of infection for each modality was calculated and compared between groups. We identified potential predictors of infection with stepwise backward multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS An infection developed in 19 patients (12%): 5 of 45 (11%) in the OA group, 12 of 85 (14%) in the EP group, and 2 of 20 (10%) in the APC group (P = .740). A lower preoperative hemoglobin blood level and low preoperative albumin blood level were independently associated with infection. CONCLUSIONS We found similar infection rates compared with previously reported series. However, we did not identify a higher infection prevalence in constructs using allografts. Patients with a lower preoperative hemoglobin or albumin level are at higher risk of infection and should undergo optimization before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Th Meijer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nuno R Paulino Pereira
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sjoerd P F Th Nota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco L Ferrone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Santiago A Lozano Calderón
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Biomarker significance of plasma and tumor miR-21, miR-221, and miR-106a in osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96738-96752. [PMID: 29228567 PMCID: PMC5722519 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Despite the use of surgery and multi-agent chemotherapy, osteosarcoma patients who have a poor response to chemotherapy or develop relapses have a dismal outcome. Identification of biomarkers for active disease may help to monitor tumor burden, detect early relapses, and predict prognosis in these patients. In this study, we examined whether circulating miRNAs can be used as biomarkers in osteosarcoma patients. We performed genome-wide miRNA profiling on a discovery cohort of osteosarcoma and control plasma samples. A total of 56 miRNAs were upregulated and 164 miRNAs were downregulated in osteosarcoma samples when compared to control plasma samples. miR-21, miR-221 and miR-106a were selected for further validation based on their known biological importance. We showed that all three circulating miRNAs were expressed significantly higher in osteosarcoma samples than normal samples in an independent cohort obtained from the Children’s Oncology Group. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-21 was expressed significantly higher in osteosarcoma tumors compared with normal bone controls. More importantly, lower expressions of miR-21 and miR-221, but not miR-106a, significantly correlated with a poor outcome. In conclusion, our results indicate that miR-21, miR-221 and miR-106a were elevated in the circulation of osteosarcoma patients, whereas tumor expressions of miR-21 and miR-221 are prognostically significant. Further investigation of these miRNAs may lead to a better prognostic method and potential miRNA therapeutics for osteosarcoma.
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Pohlig F, Lenze U, Muhlhofer HML, Lenze FW, Schauwecker J, Knebel C, Zimmermann T, Herschbach P. IT-based Psychosocial Distress Screening in Patients with Sarcoma and Parental Caregivers via Disease-specific Online Social Media Communities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 31:443-450. [PMID: 28438877 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial distress can be frequently observed in patients with sarcoma, depicting a relevant clinical problem. However, prospective data collection on psychosocial distress in patients with rare tumors is often time-consuming. In this context, social media such as Facebook can serve as a potential platform to expand research. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of psychosocial distress screening in patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma via social media. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this study an online questionnaire including general information and self-assessment distress measurement tools for patients and parents was created. The link to the questionnaire was then posted on the main page of the two largest disease-specific Facebook communities on osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. RESULTS Within 2 months, 28 patients and 58 parents of patients were enrolled. All patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, as well as the majority of parental caregivers of such patients, showed relevant psychosocial distress levels. CONCLUSION Crowdsourcing via disease-specific patient communities on Facebook is feasible and provides great potential for acquisition of medical data of rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pohlig
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lenze
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heinrich M L Muhlhofer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian W Lenze
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Traumatology, Traunstein HospitaI, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Johannes Schauwecker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Knebel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Zimmermann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Herschbach
- Roman-Herzog-Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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117
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Genetic aberrations and molecular biology of skull base chordoma and chondrosarcoma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2017; 34:78-90. [PMID: 28432450 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-017-0283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chordomas and chondrosarcomas are two major malignant bone neoplasms located at the skull base. These tumors are rarely metastatic, but can be locally invasive and resistant to conventional chemotherapies and radiotherapies. Accordingly, therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these tumors can be difficult. Additionally, their location at the skull base makes them problematic. Although accurate diagnosis of these tumors is important because of their distinct prognoses, distinguishing between these tumor types is difficult due to overlapping radiological and histopathological findings. However, recent accumulation of molecular and genetic studies, including extracranial location analysis, has provided us clues for accurate diagnosis. In this report, we review the genetic aberrations and molecular biology of these two tumor types. Among the abundant genetic features of these tumors, brachyury immunohistochemistry and direct sequencing of IDH1/2 are simple and useful techniques that can be used to distinguish between these tumors. Although it is still unclear why these tumors, which have such distinct genetic backgrounds, show similar histopathological findings, comparison of their genetic backgrounds could provide essential information.
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118
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Gan Z, Han K, Lin S, Hu H, Shen Z, Min D. Knockdown of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 39 inhibited the growth of osteosarcoma cells and induced apoptosis in vitro. Biol Res 2017; 50:15. [PMID: 28403900 PMCID: PMC5389082 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ubiquitin specific peptidase 39 (USP39), an essential factor in the assembly of the mature spliceosome complex, has an aberrant expression in several cancer. However, its function and the corresponding mechanism on human osteosarcoma has not been fully explored yet. Methods The mRNA and DNA copies of USP39 were increased in osteosarcoma cancer tissues compared with the one in human normal tissues according to datasets from the publicly available Oncomine database. A further western blot analysis also demonstrated an aberrant endogenous expression of USP39 in three different osteosarcoma cells. Then lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was designed to silence USP39 in human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS, which is used to test the impact of USP39-silencing on cellular proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Results Knockdown of USP39 expression in U2OS cell significantly decreased cell proliferation, impaired colony formation ability. A further analysis indicated suppression of USP39 arrested cell cycle progression at G2/M phase via p21 dependent way. In addition, the results of Annexin V/7-AAD staining suggested the knockdown of USP39 could promote U2OS cell apoptosis through PARP cleavage. Conclusions These results uncover the critical role of USP39 in regulating cancer cell mitosis and indicate USP39 is critical for osteosarcoma tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated 6th People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200223, China
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated 6th People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200223, China
| | - Shuchen Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated 6th People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200223, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated 6th People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200223, China
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated 6th People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200223, China
| | - Daliu Min
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated 6th People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200223, China.
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Nota SPFT, Russchen MJAM, Raskin KA, Mankin HJ, Hornicek FJ, Schwab JH. Functional and oncological outcome after surgical resection of the scapula and clavicle for primary chondrosarcoma. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 101:67-73. [PMID: 27900545 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-016-0437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The scapula is a relatively common site for chondrosarcoma to develop in contrary to the clavicle, which is rarely affected by these tumors. The aim of this study is to determine the functional and oncological outcome for patients treated operatively for scapular or clavicular chondrosarcoma. METHODS In this single-center retrospective study, we included a sample of 20 patients that received the diagnosis of a primary chondrosarcoma of the scapula or clavicle. Of the surviving patients, the functional function was assessed using the DASH and the PROMIS Physical Function-Upper Extremity. Patients were longitudinally tracked for their oncological outcome. RESULTS All patients were followed for at least 2 years or until death. The mean age of the cohort was 47 years. Eighteen patients suffered from a chondrosarcoma of the scapula, and in 2 patients, the tumor was located in the clavicle. Metastasis, local recurrence and a higher tumor grade were all associated with a decreased overall survival. For the patients with a chondrosarcoma of the scapula, the average DASH score was 16 ± 16 and the mean PROMIS Physical Function-Upper Extremity score was 48 ± 10. Patients with both an intact rotator cuff and glenoid had a better physical function. CONCLUSIONS Upper extremity function after (partial) scapulectomy varied depending on whether the glenoid was spared and whether a functioning shoulder abductor remained. When the resection spared these structures, then excellent functional outcomes were reported. Oncologic outcomes depended upon the grade of the tumor and whether local recurrence and metastases occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P F T Nota
- Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Yawkey Center, Suite 3B, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - M J A M Russchen
- Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Yawkey Center, Suite 3B, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - K A Raskin
- Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Yawkey Center, Suite 3B, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - H J Mankin
- Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Yawkey Center, Suite 3B, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - F J Hornicek
- Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Yawkey Center, Suite 3B, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - J H Schwab
- Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Yawkey Center, Suite 3B, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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120
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Drazin D, Bhamb N, Al-Khouja LT, Kappel AD, Kim TT, Johnson JP, Brien E. Image-guided resection of aggressive sacral tumors. Neurosurg Focus 2017; 42:E15. [PMID: 28041320 DOI: 10.3171/2016.6.focus16125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify and discuss operative nuances utilizing image guidance in the surgical management of aggressive sacral tumors. METHODS The authors report on their single-institution, multi-surgeon, retrospective case series involving patients with pathology-proven aggressive sacral tumors treated between 2009 and 2016. They also reviewed the literature to identify articles related to aggressive sacral tumors, their diagnosis, and their surgical treatment and discuss the results together with their own experience. Information, including background, imaging, treatment, and surgical pearls, is organized by tumor type. RESULTS Review of the institutional records identified 6 patients with sacral tumors who underwent surgery between 2009 and 2016. All 6 patients were treated with image-guided surgery using cone-beam CT technology (O-arm). The surgical technique used is described in detail, and 2 illustrative cases are presented. From the literature, the authors compiled information about chordomas, chondrosarcomas, giant cell tumors, and osteosarcomas and organized it by tumor type, providing a detailed discussion of background, imaging, and treatment as well as surgical pearls for each tumor type. CONCLUSIONS Aggressive sacral tumors can be an extremely difficult challenge for both the patient and the treating physician. The selected surgical intervention varies depending on the type of tumor, size, and location. Surgery can have profound risks including neural compression, lumbopelvic instability, and suboptimal oncological resection. Focusing on the operative nuances for each type can help prevent many of these complications. Anecdotal evidence is provided that utilization of image-guided surgery to aid in tumor resection at our institution has helped reduce blood loss and the local recurrence rate while preserving function in both malignant and aggressive benign tumors affecting the sacrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Bhamb
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Ari D Kappel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York; and
| | - Terrence T Kim
- Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.,Orthopaedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - J Patrick Johnson
- Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Earl Brien
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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121
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Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the neck. OTOLARYNGOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xocr.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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122
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Liao S, Ruiz Y, Gulzar H, Yelskaya Z, Ait Taouit L, Houssou M, Jaikaran T, Schvarts Y, Kozlitina K, Basu-Roy U, Mansukhani A, Mahajan SS. Osteosarcoma cell proliferation and survival requires mGluR5 receptor activity and is blocked by Riluzole. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171256. [PMID: 28231291 PMCID: PMC5322947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are malignant tumors of bone, most commonly seen in children and adolescents. Despite advances in modern medicine, the poor survival rate of metastatic osteosarcoma has not improved in two decades. In the present study we have investigated the effect of Riluzole on a human and mouse metastatic osteosarcoma cells. We show that LM7 cells secrete glutamate in the media and that mGluR5 receptors are required for the proliferation of LM7 cells. Riluzole, which is known to inhibit glutamate release, inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and prevents migration of LM7 cells. This is also seen with Fenobam, a specific blocker of mGluR5. We also show that Riluzole alters the phosphorylation status of AKT/P70 S6 kinase, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. Thus Riluzole is an effective drug to inhibit proliferation and survival of osteosarcoma cells and has therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteosarcoma exhibiting autocrine glutamate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yuleisy Ruiz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hira Gulzar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zarina Yelskaya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lyes Ait Taouit
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Murielle Houssou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Trisha Jaikaran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yuriy Schvarts
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Kristina Kozlitina
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Upal Basu-Roy
- Department of Microbiology & Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alka Mansukhani
- Department of Microbiology & Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Shahana S. Mahajan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
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Overcoming Therapeutic Resistance of Bone Sarcomas: Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets for Bone Sarcoma Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2603092. [PMID: 28115942 PMCID: PMC5223039 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2603092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are heterogeneous malignant tumors that exhibit clinical, histological, and molecular heterogeneity. Recent progress in their multimodal treatment has gradually improved patient prognosis; however, drug resistance and distant metastasis remain unresolved clinical problems. Recent investigations have suggested the existence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in bone sarcomas, which represent a subpopulation of tumor cells with high tumor-forming ability. The hallmarks of CSCs include tumor- and metastasis-forming potential and drug resistance, which are responsible for poor prognoses of bone sarcoma patients. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of CSCs and identification of therapeutic targets could contribute to novel treatment strategies for bone sarcomas and improve patient prognosis. This paper provides an overview of the accumulating knowledge on bone sarcoma stem cells and preclinical analyses to overcome their lethal phenotypes, in addition to a discussion of their potential for novel therapeutics for bone sarcomas.
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Oncolytic adenoviruses as a therapeutic approach for osteosarcoma: A new hope. J Bone Oncol 2016; 9:41-47. [PMID: 29226089 PMCID: PMC5715440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer among those with non-hematological origin and affects mainly pediatric patients. In the last 50 years, refinements in surgical procedures, as well as the introduction of aggressive neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapeutic cocktails, have increased to nearly 70% the survival rate of these patients. Despite the initial therapeutic progress the fight against osteosarcoma has not substantially improved during the last three decades, and almost 30% of the patients do not respond or recur after the standard treatment. For this group there is an urgent need to implement new therapeutic approaches. Oncolytic adenoviruses are conditionally replicative viruses engineered to selectively replicate in and kill tumor cells, while remaining quiescent in healthy cells. In the last years there have been multiple preclinical and clinical studies using these viruses as therapeutic agents in the treatment of a broad range of cancers, including osteosarcoma. In this review, we summarize some of the most relevant published literature about the use of oncolytic adenoviruses to treat human osteosarcoma tumors in subcutaneous, orthotopic and metastatic mouse models. In conclusion, up to date the preclinical studies with oncolytic adenoviruses have demonstrated that are safe and efficacious against local and metastatic osteosarcoma. Knowledge arising from phase I/II clinical trials with oncolytic adenoviruses in other tumors have shown the potential of viruses to awake the patient´s own immune system generating a response against the tumor. Generating osteosarcoma immune-competent adenoviruses friendly models will allow to better understand this potential. Future clinical trials with oncolytic adenoviruses for osteosarcoma tumors are warranted.
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125
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignancy of bone and patients with metastatic disease or recurrences continue to have very poor outcomes. Unfortunately, little prognostic improvement has been generated from the last 20 years of research and a new perspective is warranted. OS is extremely heterogeneous in both its origins and manifestations. Although multiple associations have been made between the development of osteosarcoma and race, gender, age, various genomic alterations, and exposure situations among others, the etiology remains unclear and controversial. Noninvasive diagnostic methods include serum markers like alkaline phosphatase and a growing variety of imaging techniques including X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission as well as combinations thereof. Still, biopsy and microscopic examination are required to confirm the diagnosis and carry additional prognostic implications such as subtype classification and histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The current standard of care combines surgical and chemotherapeutic techniques, with a multitude of experimental biologics and small molecules currently in development and some in clinical trial phases. In this review, in addition to summarizing the current understanding of OS etiology, diagnostic methods, and the current standard of care, our group describes various experimental therapeutics and provides evidence to encourage a potential paradigm shift toward the introduction of immunomodulation, which may offer a more comprehensive approach to battling cancer pleomorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock A Lindsey
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Justin E Markel
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Abstract
The posterior skull base can be involved by a variety of pathologic processes. They can be broadly classified as: traumatic, neoplastic, vascular, and inflammatory. Pathology in the posterior skull base usually involves the lower cranial nerves, either as a source of pathology or a secondary source of symptoms. This review will categorize pathology arising in the posterior skull base and describe how it affects the skull base itself and surrounding structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joici Job
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Barton F Branstetter
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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127
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[The value of MRI in the diagnosis of joint involvement in malignant primitive tumors of the knee]. Bull Cancer 2016; 103:911-920. [PMID: 27823810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical treatment of malignant primitive tumors of bone needs a precise preoperative assessment of tumor local extension. Joint involvement (JI) represents the most important finding to determine, for the choice of surgical procedure (intra- or extra-articular resection). OBJECTIVE To determine the value of different MR signs for the diagnosis of joint involvement in malignant primitive tumors of the knee. METHODS Ten-year period retrospective study of 42 patients. Patients' clinical and imaging data have been studied. Two senior musculoskeletal radiologists have blindly and consensually reviewed imaging data. Histopathological data have been reviewed by an experimented pathologist. The results have been compared using several statistical methods to determine the global and detailed (sign by sign) diagnostic value and accuracy of MRI by reference to histopathology. RESULTS Some MR signs were performant in the diagnosis of joint involvement. The most sensitive were epiphyseal extension (Se: 100%), osteochondral extension (Se: 87.5%) and extension to the tibial spines (Se: 83.3%). The most specific MR signs were the presence of an intra-articular mass (Sp: 84.62%), extension to the intercondylar notch (Sp: 80.77%) and longitudinal axis≥120mm (Sp: 84.62%). CONCLUSION A rigorous and reproducible MR technique has to be used, the knee being explored in the transversal, sagittal and coronal planes. MR conclusion has to be clear and simple (intact, doubtful or involved joint). MR interpretation has to consider tumoral extension pathways. In doubtful cases, CT may help in this diagnosis by studying the bone cortex. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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128
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De Amorim Bernstein K, Liebsch N, Chen YL, Niemierko A, Schwab JH, Raskin K, Lozano-Calderon SA, Cote G, Harmon DC, Choy E, Haynes A, Mullen J, Hornicek FJ, DeLaney TF. Clinical outcomes for patients after surgery and radiation therapy for mesenchymal chondrosarcomas. J Surg Oncol 2016; 114:982-986. [PMID: 27790706 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report the outcome of 23 patients with mesenchymal chondrosarcomas treated with surgery and radiation therapy +/- chemotherapy. The intent of the project was to review the impact of patient and treatment variables on treatment outcome, in particular with regard to extent of surgery and radiation dose. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-three patients with mesenchymal chondrosarcomas were treated with surgery and radiation therapy (min. dose 44 Gy; max. dose 78 Gy; median dose 60 Gy; mean dose 61 Gy). RESULTS The median survival for the entire cohort of patients was 21.65 years (95% confidence interval ± 4.25). The 5- and 10-year OS was 78.6%. Median disease-free survival for the 23 patients was 7.2 years. Disease-free survival (DFS) at 3 and 5 years was 70.7% and 57.8%, respectively. The local control rate at 5 and 10 years was 89.5% (95%CI 64.1-97.3%). Only three patients experienced local failure, three patients had regional failure, and eight developed distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients local tumor control was high when using a combination of surgery and radiation. There was not a clear relationship between radiation dose and local tumor control. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:982-986. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen De Amorim Bernstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Norbert Liebsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrzej Niemierko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin Raskin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Santiago A Lozano-Calderon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory Cote
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David C Harmon
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edwin Choy
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alex Haynes
- Department of General Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Mullen
- Department of General Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas F DeLaney
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone in children and young adults. This tumor has a very heterogeneous genetic profile and lacks any consistent unifying event that leads to the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. In this review, some of the important genetic events involved in osteosarcoma will be highlighted. Additionally, the clinical diagnosis of osteosarcoma will be discussed, as well as contemporary chemotherapeutic and surgical management of this tumor. Finally, the review will discuss some of the novel approaches to treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Durfee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maryam Mohammed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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130
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Tang YJ, Wang JL, Xie KG, Lan CG. Association of interleukin 16 gene polymorphisms and plasma IL16 level with osteosarcoma risk. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34607. [PMID: 27703190 PMCID: PMC5050415 DOI: 10.1038/srep34607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 16 plays a key role in inflammatory diseases as well as in tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma (OS). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IL16 polymorphisms and plasma IL16 level with OS risk in a Chinese population. We genotyped IL16 rs4778889, rs11556218, and rs4072111 in 358 patients with OS and 402 controls using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Plasma IL16 level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rs11556218 was associated with an increased risk of OS in heterozygote comparison (adjusted OR = 1.65, 95% CI, 1.23–2.21, P < 0.001), dominant model (adjusted OR = 1.66, 95% CI, 1.24–2.21, P < 0.001), and allele comparison (adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI, 1.14–1.81, P = 0.002). Moreover, rs11556218 TG/GG genotypes were associated with higher levels of IL16 as compared to TT genotype (P = 0.03). However, no significant association of rs4778889 and rs4072111 and OS was found. These findings suggest that rs11556218 TG/GG genotypes may be associated with increased susceptibility to OS, probably by increasing the production of IL16 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Ke-Gong Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Chang-Gong Lan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
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131
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Barøy T, Chilamakuri CSR, Lorenz S, Sun J, Bruland ØS, Myklebost O, Meza-Zepeda LA. Genome Analysis of Osteosarcoma Progression Samples Identifies FGFR1 Overexpression as a Potential Treatment Target and CHM as a Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163859. [PMID: 27685995 PMCID: PMC5042545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, showing complex chromosomal rearrangements but with few known consistent changes. Deeper biological understanding is crucial to find new therapies to improve patient survival. We have sequenced the whole exome of two primary tumors (before and after chemotherapy), one metastatic tumor and a matched normal sample from two OS patients, to identify mutations involved in cancer biology. The metastatic samples were also RNA sequenced. By RNA sequencing we identified dysregulated expression levels of drug resistance- and apoptosis-related genes. Two fusion transcripts were identified in one patient (OS111); the first resulted in p53 inactivation by fusing the first exon of TP53 to the fifth exon of FAM45A. The second fusion joined the two first exons of FGFR1 to the second exon of ZNF343. Furthermore, FGFR1 was amplified and highly expressed, representing a potential treatment target in this patient. Whole exome sequencing revealed large intertumor heterogeneity, with surprisingly few shared mutations. Careful evaluation and validation of the data sets revealed a number of artefacts, but one recurrent mutation was validated, a nonsense mutation in CHM (patient OS106), which also was the mutation with the highest expression frequency (53%). The second patient (OS111) had wild-type CHM, but a downregulated expression level. In a panel of 71 clinical samples, we confirmed significant low expression of CHM compared to the controls (p = 0.003). Furthermore, by analyzing public datasets, we identified a significant association between low expression and poor survival in two other cancer types. Together, these results suggest CHM as a candidate tumor suppressor gene that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tale Barøy
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chandra S. R. Chilamakuri
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Lorenz
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jinchang Sun
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind S. Bruland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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132
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Zhu ZJ, Huang P, Chong YX, Kang LX, Huang X, Zhu ZX, Nie L. MicroRNA-181a promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by suppressing CFIm25 in osteosarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4271-4278. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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134
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Telangiectatic osteosarcoma: a review of 87 cases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2197-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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135
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Le HV, Wadhwa R, Theodore P, Mummaneni P. Excision of Thoracic Chondrosarcoma: Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2016; 8:e708. [PMID: 27588229 PMCID: PMC4999149 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are cartilage-matrix-forming tumors that make up 20-27% of primary malignant bone tumors and are the third most common primary bone malignancy after multiple myelomas and osteosarcomas. Radiographic assessment of this condition includes plain radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for tumor characterization and delineation of intraosseous and extraosseous involvement. Most chondrosarcomas are refractory to chemotherapy and radiation therapy; therefore, wide en bloc surgical excision offers the best chance for cure. Chondrosarcomas frequently affect the pelvis and upper and lower extremities. In rare instances, the chest wall can be involved, with chondrosarcomas occurring in the ribs, sternum, anterior costosternal junction, and posterior costotransverse junction. In this article, we present a patient with thoracic chondrosarcoma centered at the left T7 costotransverse joint with effacement of the left T7-T8 neuroforamen. We also detail our operative technique of wide en bloc chondrosarcoma excision and review current literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai V Le
- Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital ; Orthopaedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Rishi Wadhwa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Medical Center
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136
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Willis AR, Ippolito JA, Patterson FR, Benevenia J, Beebe KS. Customizable orthopaedic oncology implants: one institution's experience with meeting current IRB and FDA requirements. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:967. [PMID: 27429877 PMCID: PMC4932010 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Customizable orthopaedic implants are often needed for patients with primary malignant bone tumors due to unique anatomy or complex mechanical problems. Currently, obtaining customizable orthopaedic implants for orthopaedic oncology patients can be an arduous task involving submitting approval requests to the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). There is great potential for the delay of a patient’s surgery and unnecessary paperwork if the submission pathways are misunderstood or a streamlined protocol is not in place. Purpose The objective of this study was to review the existing FDA custom implant approval pathways and to determine whether this process was improved with an institutional protocol. Methods An institutional protocol for obtaining IRB and FDA approval for customizable orthopaedic implants was established with the IRB at our institution in 2013. This protocol was approved by the IRB, such that new patients only require submission of a modification to the existing protocol with individualized patient information. During the two-year period of 2013–2014, eight patients were retrospectively identified as having required customizable implants for various orthopaedic oncology surgeries. The dates of request for IRB approval, request for FDA approval, and total time to surgery were recorded, along with the specific pathway utilized for FDA approval. Results The average patient age was 12 years old (7–21 years old). The average time to IRB approval of a modification to the pre-approved protocol was 14 days (7–21 days). Average time to FDA approval after submission of the IRB approval to the manufacturer was 12.5 days (7–19 days). FDA approval was obtained for all implants as compassionate use requests in accordance with Section 561 of the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act’s expanded access provisions. Conclusions Establishment of an institutional protocol with pre-approval by the IRB can expedite the otherwise time-consuming and complicated process of obtaining customizable orthopaedic implants for orthopaedic oncology patients. Level of evidence Retrospective case series, Level IV. See the Guidelines for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph A Ippolito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 140 Bergen Street, ACC Building, Suite D-1610, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Francis R Patterson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 140 Bergen Street, ACC Building, Suite D-1610, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Joseph Benevenia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 140 Bergen Street, ACC Building, Suite D-1610, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Kathleen S Beebe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 140 Bergen Street, ACC Building, Suite D-1610, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
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137
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Comparative proteomics analysis of human osteosarcoma by 2D DIGE with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. J Bone Oncol 2016; 5:147-152. [PMID: 28008374 PMCID: PMC5154703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone and the third most common cancer in childhood and adolescence. However, controversy concerning the ideal combination of chemotherapy agents ensued throughout the last quarter of the 20th century because of conflicting and often nonrandomized data. Collaborative efforts to increase understanding of the biology of osteosarcoma and the use of preclinical models to test novel protein targets will be critical to identify the path toward improving outcomes for patients. We attempted to identify potential protein markers or therapy targets of osteosarcoma and give a glance at tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma. A sensitive and accurate method was employed in comparative proteomic analysis between benign tumor and osteosarcoma. Tumor tissues obtained by open biopsy before induction chemotherapy were investigated With 2D DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, 22 differentially expressed proteins were identified after database searching, including 8 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated proteins. We also validated the expression levels of interesting proteins(have higher Ratios(tumor/normal)) by Western blotting assay. Annotating by bioinformatic tools, we found structural and signal transduction associated proteins were in large percentage among altered level proteins. In particular, some low abundant proteins involving translation and transcription, such as EEF2(Elongation Factor 2), LUM Lumican 23 kDa Protein) and GTF2A2(Transcription Initiation Factor Iia Gamma Chain.), were firstly reported by our study comparing to previous observations. Our findings suggest that these differential proteins may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis or molecules for understanding of osteosarcoma tumorigenesis, coming with biologic, preclinical, and clinical trial efforts being described to improve outcomes for patients.
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138
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Gerrand C, Athanasou N, Brennan B, Grimer R, Judson I, Morland B, Peake D, Seddon B, Whelan J. UK guidelines for the management of bone sarcomas. Clin Sarcoma Res 2016; 6:7. [PMID: 27148438 PMCID: PMC4855334 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-016-0047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This document is an update of the British Sarcoma Group guidelines published in 2010. The aim is to provide a reference standard for the clinical care of patients in the UK with bone sarcomas. Recent recommendations by the European Society of Medical Oncology, The National Comprehensive Cancer Network and The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence have been incorporated, and the literature since 2010 reviewed. The standards represent a consensus amongst British Sarcoma Group members in 2015. It is acknowledged that these guidelines will need further updates as care evolves. The key recommendations are that bone pain or a palpable mass should always lead to further investigation and that patients with clinico-radiological findings suggestive of a primary bone tumour at any site in the skeleton should be referred to a specialist centre and managed by a fully accredited bone sarcoma multidisciplinary team. Treatment recommendations are provided for the major tumour types and for localised, metastatic and recurrent disease. Follow up schedules are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Gerrand
- />Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN UK
| | | | | | - Robert Grimer
- />Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, B31 2AP UK
| | | | - Bruce Morland
- />Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH UK
| | - David Peake
- />Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH UK
| | | | | | - On behalf of the British Sarcoma Group
- />Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN UK
- />Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LD UK
- />Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
- />Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, B31 2AP UK
- />The Royal Marsden, Sutton, SM2 5PT UK
- />Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH UK
- />Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH UK
- />University College Hospital, London, NW1 2PG UK
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139
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Zhu SW, Li JP, Ma XL, Ma JX, Yang Y, Chen Y, Liu W. miR-9 Modulates Osteosarcoma Cell Growth by Targeting the GCIP Tumor Suppressor. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4509-13. [PMID: 26107195 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.11.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in humans, especially in childhood. However, the genetic etiology for its pathogenesis remains elusive. It is known that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development of tumor progression. Here we show that microRNA-9 (miR-9) is a potential oncogene upregulated in osteosarcoma cells. Knockdown of miR-9 in osteosarcoma resulted in suppressed colony formation and cell proliferation. Further study identified GCIP, a Grap2 and cyclin D interacting protein, as a direct target of miR- 9. In addition, GCIP overexpression activated retinoblastoma 1 (Rb) and suppressed E2F transcriptional target expression in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, GCIP depletion reversed miR-9 knockdown induced colony formation and cell proliferation suppression. In sum, these results highlight the importance of miR-9 as an oncogene in regulating the proliferation of osteosarcoma by directly targeting GCIP and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wen Zhu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China E-mail :
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140
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Fauske L, Lorem G, Grov EK, Bondevik H. Changes in the body image of bone sarcoma survivors following surgical treatment--A qualitative study. J Surg Oncol 2015; 113:229-34. [PMID: 26714610 PMCID: PMC4736459 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Among several long‐term effects, people treated for cancer may experience an altered appearance. Our study aims to identify how visible body changes following surgical treatment affect the life and identity of primary bone sarcoma survivors 3–10 years after diagnosis. A qualitative, phenomenological, and hermeneutic design was applied. Methods Sarcoma survivors (n = 18) who were previously treated at Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, participated in the study. In‐depth and semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results The main finding of this study concerned how altered appearance after bone cancer treatment in the hip/pelvis or lower extremities affected the participants’ self‐esteem. Half of the participants expressed concerns about their visible differences, particularly those with functional impairment. They felt that it is important to hide the bodily signs of changes to appear as normal as possible, as well as attractive and healthy. They describe, with specific examples, how these changes influence their self‐realization, especially their social life. Conclusions Healthcare providers who guide bone sarcoma survivors during follow‐up should develop a comprehensive understanding of what it means to cope with a changed and challenging body. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:229–234. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Surgical Oncology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Fauske
- Department of Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Lorem
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellen K Grov
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Bondevik
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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141
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Shen JH, Qu CB, Chu HK, Cui MY, Wang YL, Sun YX, Song YD, Li G, Shi FJ. siRNA targeting TCTP suppresses osteosarcoma cell growth and induces apoptosisin vitroandin vivo. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:5-14. [PMID: 25522670 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Shen
- Orthopedic Ward 24; Daqing Oil Field General Hospital; Daqing Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Bo Qu
- Orthopedic Ward 24; Daqing Oil Field General Hospital; Daqing Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Kun Chu
- Orthopedic Ward 24; Daqing Oil Field General Hospital; Daqing Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yu Cui
- Orthopedic Ward 24; Daqing Oil Field General Hospital; Daqing Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lan Wang
- Orthopedic Ward 24; Daqing Oil Field General Hospital; Daqing Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Xin Sun
- Orthopedic Ward 24; Daqing Oil Field General Hospital; Daqing Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Dong Song
- Orthopedic Ward 24; Daqing Oil Field General Hospital; Daqing Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Orthopedic Ward 24; Daqing Oil Field General Hospital; Daqing Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Jun Shi
- Orthopedic Ward 24; Daqing Oil Field General Hospital; Daqing Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
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Bhojwani N, Szpakowski P, Partovi S, Maurer MH, Grosse U, von Tengg-Kobligk H, Zipp-Partovi L, Fergus N, Kosmas C, Nikolaou K, Robbin MR. Diffusion-weighted imaging in musculoskeletal radiology-clinical applications and future directions. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:740-53. [PMID: 26682143 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.07.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an established diagnostic tool with regards to the central nervous system (CNS) and research into its application in the musculoskeletal system has been growing. It has been shown that DWI has utility in differentiating vertebral compression fractures from malignant ones, assessing partial and complete tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), monitoring tumor response to therapy, and characterization of soft-tissue and bone tumors. DWI is however less useful in differentiating malignant vs. infectious processes. As of yet, no definitive qualitative or quantitative properties have been established due to reasons ranging from variability in acquisition protocols to overlapping imaging characteristics. Even with these limitations, DWI can still provide clinically useful information, increasing diagnostic accuracy and improving patient management when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are inconclusive. The purpose of this article is to summarize recent research into DWI applications in the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Bhojwani
- 1 Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 2 Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern 3010, Switzerland ; 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; 5 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter Szpakowski
- 1 Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 2 Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern 3010, Switzerland ; 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; 5 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sasan Partovi
- 1 Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 2 Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern 3010, Switzerland ; 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; 5 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Martin H Maurer
- 1 Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 2 Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern 3010, Switzerland ; 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; 5 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ulrich Grosse
- 1 Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 2 Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern 3010, Switzerland ; 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; 5 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hendrik von Tengg-Kobligk
- 1 Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 2 Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern 3010, Switzerland ; 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; 5 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa Zipp-Partovi
- 1 Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 2 Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern 3010, Switzerland ; 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; 5 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathan Fergus
- 1 Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 2 Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern 3010, Switzerland ; 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; 5 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christos Kosmas
- 1 Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 2 Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern 3010, Switzerland ; 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; 5 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- 1 Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 2 Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern 3010, Switzerland ; 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; 5 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark R Robbin
- 1 Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 2 Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ; 3 Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern 3010, Switzerland ; 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; 5 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Farfalli GL, Ayerza MA, Muscolo DL, Aponte-Tinao LA. Proximal humeral osteoarticular allografts: technique, pearls and pitfalls, outcomes. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2015; 8:334-8. [PMID: 26428365 PMCID: PMC4630220 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-015-9308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Allograft transplantation is a biologic reconstruction option for massive bone defects after resection of bone sarcomas. This type of reconstruction not only restores bone stock but it also allows us to reconstruct the joint anatomically. These factors are a major concern, especially in a young and active population.We are describing indications, surgical techniques, pearls and pitfalls, and outcomes of proximal humeral osteoarticular allografts, done at present time in our institution.We found that allograft fractures and articular complications, as epiphyseal resorption and subchondral fracture, are the main complications observed in proximal humerus osteoarticular allograft reconstructions. Nevertheless, only fractures need a reconstruction revision. Joint complications may adversely affect the limb function, but for this reason, an allograft revision is rarely performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- German L Farfalli
- Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Potosi 4247, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Miguel A Ayerza
- Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Potosi 4247, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - D Luis Muscolo
- Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Potosi 4247, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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144
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Lozano-Calderón SA, Chen N. Proximal humerus allograft prosthetic composites: technique, outcomes, and pearls and pitfalls. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2015; 8:324-33. [PMID: 26420311 PMCID: PMC4630233 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-015-9306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The proximal humerus is the second most common location of primary bone sarcomas and a frequent location of benign locally aggressive primary osseous tumors. In contrast to other locations, tumors in this region impose significant challenges for local control and reconstruction. This is due to glenohumeral joint anatomic characteristics such as lack of intrinsic stability and dependence on dynamic and static stabilizers. In addition, the close proximity of the axillary nerve and axillary vascular bundle places these at risk of resection when attaining local control. Allograft prosthetic composites (APCs) of the proximal humerus are one of the methods for mobile reconstruction. This modality presents lower fracture rates when compared to osteoarticular allografts and lower rates of subluxation and instability than endoprosthesis. Recent literature documents a trend for superior functional outcome at comparable complication rates. APC reconstruction is an important tool in the orthopedic oncologist armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A Lozano-Calderón
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Neal Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hand and Upper Extremity Service Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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145
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The Identification of Prognostic Factors and Survival Statistics of Conventional Central Chondrosarcoma. Sarcoma 2015; 2015:623746. [PMID: 26633939 PMCID: PMC4655064 DOI: 10.1155/2015/623746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Chondrosarcomas are malignant bone tumors that are characterized by the production of chondroid tissue. Since radiation therapy and chemotherapy have limited effect on chondrosarcoma, treatment of most patients depends on surgical resection. We conducted this study to identify independent predictive factors and survival characteristics for conventional central chondrosarcoma and dedifferentiated central chondrosarcoma. Methods. A systematic literature review was performed in September 2014 using the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Subsequent to a beforehand-composed selection procedure we included 13 studies, comprising a total of 1114 patients. Results. The prognosis of central chondrosarcoma is generally good for the histologically low-grade tumors. Prognosis for the high-grade chondrosarcoma and the dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is poor with lower survival rates. Poor prognostic factors in conventional chondrosarcoma for overall survival are high-grade tumors and axial/pelvic tumor location. In dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma the percentage of dedifferentiated component has significant influence on disease-free survival. Conclusion. Despite the fact that there are multiple prognostic factors identified, as shown in this study, there is a need for prospective and comparative studies. The resulting knowledge about prognostic factors and survival can give direction in the development of better therapies. This could eventually lead to an evidence-based foundation for treating chondrosarcoma patients.
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146
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Saitoh Y, Setoguchi T, Nagata M, Tsuru A, Nakamura S, Nagano S, Ishidou Y, Nagao-Kitamoto H, Yokouchi M, Maeda S, Tanimoto A, Furukawa T, Komiya S. Combination of Hedgehog inhibitors and standard anticancer agents synergistically prevent osteosarcoma growth. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:235-42. [PMID: 26548578 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy and surgical intervention have improved long-term prognosis for non-metastatic osteosarcoma to 50-80%. However, metastatic osteosarcoma exhibits resistance to standard chemotherapy. We and others have investigated the function of Hedgehog pathway in osteosarcoma. To apply our previous findings in clinical settings, we examined the effects of Hedgehog inhibitors including arsenic trioxide (ATO) and vismodegib combined with standard anticancer agents. We performed WST-1 assays using ATO, cisplatin (CDDP), ifosfamide (IFO), doxorubicin (DOX), and vismodegib. Combination-index (CI) was used to examine synergism using CalcuSyn software. Xenograft models were used to examine the synergism in vivo. WST-1 assays showed that 143B and Saos2 cell proliferation was inhibited by ATO combined with CDDP, IFO, DOX, and vismodegib. Combination of ATO and CDDP, IFO, DOX or vismodegib was synergistic when the two compounds were used on proliferating 143B and Saos2 human osteosarcoma cells. An osteosarcoma xenograft model showed that treatment with ATO and CDDP, IFO, or vismodegib significantly prevented osteosarcoma growth in vivo compared with vehicle treatment. Our findings indicate that combination of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors and standard FDA-approved anticancer agents with established safety for human use may be an attractive therapeutic method for treating osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Saitoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takao Setoguchi
- The Near-Future Locomotor Organ Medicine Creation Course (Kusunoki Kai), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masahito Nagata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Arisa Tsuru
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishidou
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yokouchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Setsuro Komiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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147
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Rockberg J, Bach BA, Amelio J, Hernandez RK, Sobocki P, Engellau J, Bauer HCF, Liede A. Incidence Trends in the Diagnosis of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone in Sweden Since 1958. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015; 97:1756-66. [PMID: 26537163 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.o.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Swedish Cancer Registry (founded in 1958) constitutes a unique resource for epidemiological studies of giant cell tumor of bone with potential for use for population-based studies of incidence over time. The aim of this study was to provide what we believe is the first modern population-based assessment of the incidence trends of giant cell tumor, a unique osteoclastogenic lytic stromal tumor with both benign and malignant histological forms, and to compare the findings with data from the same registry on osteosarcoma, a tumor that may display similar histological characteristics. METHODS Cases were identified with use of codes for pathological bone tumor (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-7 196). Specific morphological coding distinguishes benign (PAD 741) from malignant giant cell tumor (PAD 746) and osteosarcoma (PAD 766). RESULTS During the period of 1958 to 2011, 4625 bone tumors were reported, including 505 giant cell tumors (383 benign and 122 malignant) and 1152 osteosarcomas. From 1958 to 1982 the ratio of malignant to benign giant cell tumors was 1.3, whereas from 1983 to 2011 the ratio inverted to 0.09, suggesting a change in the reporting or diagnosis of malignant or benign cases. Cases of giant cell tumor diagnosed from 1983 to 2011 displayed an age and sex distribution (median age at diagnosis, 34.0 years; 54% female) that were consistent with those in large published case series but differed from those in 1958 to 1982 (median age at diagnosis, 31.5 years; 48% female). The most current data (1983 to 2011) showed the giant cell tumor incidence in Sweden to be 1.3 per million per year, while the osteosarcoma incidence was 2.3 per million per year. CONCLUSIONS Early Swedish Cancer Registry data (1958 to 1982) revealed a higher proportion of malignant giant cell tumors than seen in large sequential case series and a distinct age and sex profile compared with more recent data (1983 to 2011). This likely represents changes in the diagnostic workup and introduction of multidisciplinary review of giant-cell-containing tumors around 1982. Recent data may reflect the impact of expert centralized biopsy and multidisciplinary case review and more comprehensive reporting of benign giant cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rockberg
- IMS Health (Pygargus), Sveavägen 155, SE-113 46, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruce A Bach
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, MS 38-2-B, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799
| | - Justyna Amelio
- Amgen Ltd, 1 Uxbridge Business Park, Sanderson Road, Uxbridge UB8 1DH, England
| | - Rohini K Hernandez
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, MS 24-2-A, Thousand Oaks, CA 93120-1799
| | - Patrik Sobocki
- IMS Health (Pygargus), Sveavägen 155, SE-113 46, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Henrik C F Bauer
- Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Solna, A2:07,171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Liede
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, ASF3, South San Francisco, CA 94080. E-mail address:
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148
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A Rare Case of Erdheim-Chester Disease and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Overlap Syndrome. Case Rep Pathol 2015; 2015:949163. [PMID: 26579323 PMCID: PMC4633542 DOI: 10.1155/2015/949163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 48-year-old woman with a past medical history of seizures and end-stage renal disease secondary to obstructive uropathy from retroperitoneal fibrosis presented to the emergency department with seizures and altered mental status. A Glasgow Coma Scale of 4 prompted intubation, and she was subsequently admitted to the intensive care unit. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain performed to elucidate the aetiology of her seizure showed a dural-based mass within the left temporoparietal lobe as well as mass lesions within the orbits. Further imaging showed extensive retroperitoneal fibrosis extending to the mediastinum with involvement of aorta and posterior pleural space. Imaging of the long bones showed bilateral sclerosis and cortical thickening of the diaphyses. Imaging of the maxillofacial structures showed osseous destructive lesions involving the mandible. These clinical and radiological features were consistent with a diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester disease; however, the patient's skin biopsy was consistent with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
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149
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Anti-tumor effect investigation of obtustatin and crude Macrovipera lebetina obtusa venom in S-180 sarcoma bearing mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:340-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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150
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ZHANG JUFENG, WANG DAPING, XIONG JIANYI, CHEN LEI, HUANG JIANGHONG. MicroRNA-33a-5p suppresses growth of osteosarcoma cells and is downregulated in human osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2135-2141. [PMID: 26622808 PMCID: PMC4579969 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A body of evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) may have significant roles in cancer. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has frequently been observed in various human malignancies, including osteosarcoma (OS). However, the roles of miRNAs in OS remain poorly understood. In the present study, high-throughput deep sequencing was performed to screen for deregulated miRNAs in OS. Screening identified 310 miRNAs which were significantly overexpressed and 41 miRNAs which were significantly downregulated (>2-fold) in OS samples, compared with adjacent non-tumor bone tissues. Among these miRNAs, miR-33a-5p was notably downregulated. TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis further verified that miR-33a-5p expression was significantly reduced in a large cohort of human OS samples. Enhancing miR-33a-5p expression via transfection with miR-33a-5p precursor significantly inhibited OS cell growth, suggesting potential antitumor properties of miR-33a-5p. The results of the present study provide novel insights into the miRNAs involved in OS, and suggest that miR-33a-5p may function as a tumor suppressor in OS. Therefore, miR-33a-5p may be able to serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- JUFENG ZHANG
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518039, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518039, P.R. China
| | - DAPING WANG
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518039, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518039, P.R. China
| | - JIANYI XIONG
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518039, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518039, P.R. China
| | - LEI CHEN
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518039, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518039, P.R. China
| | - JIANGHONG HUANG
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518039, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518039, P.R. China
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