101
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Bludau H, Czapar AE, Pitek AS, Shukla S, Jordan R, Steinmetz NF. POxylation as an alternative stealth coating for biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2017; 88:679-688. [PMID: 28713172 PMCID: PMC5510027 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers are currently used in a variety of medical formulations to reduce toxicity, minimize immune interactions and improve pharmacokinetics. Despite its widespread use however, the presence of anti-PEG antibodies indicates that this polymer has the potential to be immunogenic and antigenic. Here we present an alternative polymer, poly(2-oxazoline) (POx) for stealth applications, specifically shielding of a proteinaceous nanoparticle from recognition by the immune system. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was used as our testbed due to its potential for use as a nanocarrier for drug delivery and molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herdis Bludau
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, School of Science, Technische
Unversität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna E. Czapar
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
OH 44106, United States
| | - Andrzej S. Pitek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, School of Science, Technische
Unversität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
OH 44106, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
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102
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103
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Le DHT, Lee KL, Shukla S, Commandeur U, Steinmetz NF. Potato virus X, a filamentous plant viral nanoparticle for doxorubicin delivery in cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2348-2357. [PMID: 28144662 PMCID: PMC5370163 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09099k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are a novel class of nanocarriers with implications for drug delivery in cancer therapy. VNPs are characterized by their highly symmetrical nanoscale structures. Furthermore, plant VNPs are biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-infectious in mammals. VNPs provide a proteinaceous platform technology that can be readily engineered to carry contrast agents and therapies using chemical and genetic modifications. Of particular interest are high aspect ratio, elongated filaments such as the ones formed by potato virus X (PVX, measuring 515 × 13 nm). PVX has demonstrated enhanced tumor homing and penetration properties compared to spherical counterparts. Here, we sought to investigate the potential of PVX as a drug carrier delivering doxorubicin (DOX), a commonly used cancer chemotherapy. We synthesized therapeutic PVX nanoparticles using a simple in-solution mixing protocol; after 5 days of mixing of DOX and PVX and ultra-centrifugal purification, ∼1000 DOX per PVX were stably associated with the carrier, most likely based on hydrophobic interaction. Efficacy and drug activity of PVX-DOX were confirmed using a panel of cancer cell lines including ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. Lastly, we demonstrated treatment of athymic mice bearing human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts: PVX-DOX treatment resulted in reduced tumor growth in this model. Our results open the door for further development of PVX and other high aspect ratio plant VNPs for applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc H T Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Karin L Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH-Aachen University, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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104
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Lemloh ML, Altintoprak K, Wege C, Weiss IM, Rothenstein D. Biogenic and Synthetic Peptides with Oppositely Charged Amino Acids as Binding Sites for Mineralization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E119. [PMID: 28772478 PMCID: PMC5459154 DOI: 10.3390/ma10020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteins regulate diverse biological processes by the specific interaction with, e.g., nucleic acids, proteins and inorganic molecules. The generation of inorganic hybrid materials, such as shell formation in mollusks, is a protein-controlled mineralization process. Moreover, inorganic-binding peptides are attractive for the bioinspired mineralization of non-natural inorganic functional materials for technical applications. However, it is still challenging to identify mineral-binding peptide motifs from biological systems as well as for technical systems. Here, three complementary approaches were combined to analyze protein motifs consisting of alternating positively and negatively charged amino acids: (i) the screening of natural biomineralization proteins; (ii) the selection of inorganic-binding peptides derived from phage display; and (iii) the mineralization of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based templates. A respective peptide motif displayed on the TMV surface had a major impact on the SiO₂ mineralization. In addition, similar motifs were found in zinc oxide- and zirconia-binding peptides indicating a general binding feature. The comparative analysis presented here raises new questions regarding whether or not there is a common design principle based on acidic and basic amino acids for peptides interacting with minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Lemloh
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems (IBBS), Biobased Materials, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Klara Altintoprak
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems (IBBS), Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems (IBBS), Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Projekthaus NanoBioMater, Allmandring 5B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ingrid M Weiss
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems (IBBS), Biobased Materials, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Projekthaus NanoBioMater, Allmandring 5B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Dirk Rothenstein
- Projekthaus NanoBioMater, Allmandring 5B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Institute for Materials Science, Chair of Chemical Materials Synthesis, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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105
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Saunders K, Lomonossoff GP. In Planta Synthesis of Designer-Length Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Based Nano-Rods That Can Be Used to Fabricate Nano-Wires. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1335. [PMID: 28878782 PMCID: PMC5572394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have utilized plant-based transient expression to produce tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based nano-rods of predetermined lengths. This is achieved by expressing RNAs containing the TMV origin of assembly sequence (OAS) and the sequence of the TMV coat protein either on the same RNA molecule or on two separate constructs. We show that the length of the resulting nano-rods is dependent upon the length of the RNA that possesses the OAS element. By expressing a version of the TMV coat protein that incorporates a metal-binding peptide at its C-terminus in the presence of RNA containing the OAS we have been able to produce nano-rods of predetermined length that are coated with cobalt-platinum. These nano-rods have the properties of defined-length nano-wires that make them ideal for many developing bionanotechnological processes.
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106
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Shukla S, Myers JT, Woods SE, Gong X, Czapar AE, Commandeur U, Huang AY, Levine AD, Steinmetz NF. Plant viral nanoparticles-based HER2 vaccine: Immune response influenced by differential transport, localization and cellular interactions of particulate carriers. Biomaterials 2016; 121:15-27. [PMID: 28063980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are designed to elicit an endogenous adaptive immune response that can successfully recognize and eliminate residual or recurring tumors. Such approaches can potentially overcome shortcomings of passive immunotherapies by generating long-lived therapeutic effects and immune memory while limiting systemic toxicities. A critical determinant of vaccine efficacy is efficient transport and delivery of tumor-associated antigens to professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). Plant viral nanoparticles (VNPs) with natural tropism for APCs and a high payload carrying capacity may be particularly effective vaccine carriers. The applicability of VNP platform technologies is governed by stringent structure-function relationships. We compare two distinct VNP platforms: icosahedral cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and filamentous potato virus X (PVX). Specifically, we evaluate in vivo capabilities of engineered VNPs delivering human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) epitopes for therapy and prophylaxis of HER2+ malignancies. Our results corroborate the structure-function relationship where icosahedral CPMV particles showed significantly enhanced lymph node transport and retention, and greater uptake by/activation of APCs compared to filamentous PVX particles. These enhanced immune cell interactions and transport properties resulted in elevated HER2-specific antibody titers raised by CPMV- vs. PVX-based peptide vaccine. The 'synthetic virology' field is rapidly expanding with numerous platforms undergoing development and preclinical testing; our studies highlight the need for systematic studies to define rules guiding the design and rational choice of platform, in the context of peptide-vaccine display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jay T Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarah E Woods
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xingjian Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Anna E Czapar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH-Aachen University, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alan D Levine
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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107
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Schneider A, Eber FJ, Wenz NL, Altintoprak K, Jeske H, Eiben S, Wege C. Dynamic DNA-controlled "stop-and-go" assembly of well-defined protein domains on RNA-scaffolded TMV-like nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19853-19866. [PMID: 27878174 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03897b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A DNA-based approach allows external control over the self-assembly process of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-like ribonucleoprotein nanotubes: their growth from viral coat protein (CP) subunits on five distinct RNA scaffolds containing the TMV origin of assembly (OAs) could be temporarily blocked by a stopper DNA oligomer hybridized downstream (3') of the OAs. At two upstream (5') sites tested, simple hybridization was not sufficient for stable stalling, which correlates with previous findings on a non-symmetric assembly of TMV. The growth of DNA-arrested particles could be restarted efficiently by displacement of the stopper via its toehold by using a release DNA oligomer, even after storage for twelve days. This novel strategy for growing proteinaceous tubes under tight kinetic and spatial control combines RNA guidance and its site-specific but reversible interruption by DNA blocking elements. As three of the RNA scaffolds contained long heterologous non-TMV sequence portions that included the stopping sites, this method is applicable to all RNAs amenable to TMV CP encapsidation, albeit with variable efficiency most likely depending on the scaffolds' secondary structures. The use of two distinct, selectively addressable CP variants during the serial assembly stages finally enabled an externally configured fabrication of nanotubes with highly defined subdomains. The "stop-and-go" strategy thus might pave the way towards production routines of TMV-like particles with variable aspect ratios from a single RNA scaffold, and of nanotubes with two or even more adjacent protein domains of tightly pre-defined lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schneider
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Fabian J Eber
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Nana L Wenz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Klara Altintoprak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Holger Jeske
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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108
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Finbloom JA, Han K, Aanei IL, Hartman EC, Finley DT, Dedeo MT, Fishman M, Downing KH, Francis MB. Stable Disk Assemblies of a Tobacco Mosaic Virus Mutant as Nanoscale Scaffolds for Applications in Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2480-2485. [PMID: 27712069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches to nanoscale therapeutic delivery rely on the attachment of a drug of interest to a nanomaterial scaffold that is capable of releasing the drug selectively in a tumor environment. One class of nanocarriers receiving significant attention is protein nanomaterials, which are biodegradable and homogeneous in morphology and can be equipped with multiple functional handles for drug attachment. Although most protein-based nanocarriers are spherical in morphology, recent research has revealed that nonspherical nanomaterials may have favorable tumor uptake in comparison to their spherical counterparts. It is therefore important to expand the number of nonspherical protein-based nanocarriers that are available. Herein, we report the development of a self-assembling nanoscale disk derived from a double arginine mutant of recombinantly expressed tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (RR-TMV). RR-TMV disks display highly stable double-disk assembly states. These RR-TMV disks were functionalized with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) and further modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for improved solubility. RR-TMVDOX-PEG displayed cytotoxic properties similar to those of DOX alone when incubated with U87MG glioblastoma cells, but unmodified RR-TMV did not cause any cytotoxicity. The RR-TMV disk assembly represents a promising protein-based nanomaterial for applications in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Finbloom
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kenneth Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ioana L Aanei
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emily C Hartman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel T Finley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michel T Dedeo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Max Fishman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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109
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Wen AM, Steinmetz NF. Design of virus-based nanomaterials for medicine, biotechnology, and energy. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4074-126. [PMID: 27152673 PMCID: PMC5068136 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent developments in "chemical virology." Viruses, as materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and nanotechnology, with diverse areas of applications. Some fundamental advantages of viruses, compared to synthetically programmed materials, include the highly precise spatial arrangement of their subunits into a diverse array of shapes and sizes and many available avenues for easy and reproducible modification. Here, we will first survey the broad distribution of viruses and various methods for producing virus-based nanoparticles, as well as engineering principles used to impart new functionalities. We will then examine the broad range of applications and implications of virus-based materials, focusing on the medical, biotechnology, and energy sectors. We anticipate that this field will continue to evolve and grow, with exciting new possibilities stemming from advancements in the rational design of virus-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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110
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Shah SN, Khan AA, Espinosa A, Garcia MA, Nuansing W, Ungureanu M, Heddle JG, Chuvilin AL, Wege C, Bittner AM. Virus-Templated Near-Amorphous Iron Oxide Nanotubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5899-5908. [PMID: 27181278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple synthesis of iron oxide nanotubes, grown under very mild conditions from a solution containing Fe(II) and Fe(III), on rod-shaped tobacco mosaic virus templates. Their well-defined shape and surface chemistry suggest that these robust bionanoparticles are a versatile platform for synthesis of small, thin mineral tubes, which was achieved efficiently. Various characterization tools were used to explore the iron oxide in detail: Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), magnetometry (SQUID-VSM), diffraction (XRD, TEM-SAED), electron spectroscopies (EELS, EDX, XPS), and X-ray absorption (XANES with EXAFS analysis). They allowed determination of the structure, crystallinity, magnetic properties, and composition of the tubes. The protein surface of the viral templates was crucial to nucleate iron oxide, exhibiting analogies to biomineralization in natural compartments such as ferritin cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin N Shah
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Heddle IRU, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , HU6 7RX, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Abid A Khan
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Park Road, Chak Shehzad, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Garcia
- Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio - CSIC, and Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado "Salvador Velayos" UCM_ADIF, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wiwat Nuansing
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan G Heddle
- Heddle IRU, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrey L Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Christina Wege
- University of Stuttgart , Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander M Bittner
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013, Bilbao, Spain
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111
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Shukla S, Dorand RD, Myers JT, Woods SE, Gulati NM, Stewart PL, Commandeur U, Huang AY, Steinmetz NF. Multiple Administrations of Viral Nanoparticles Alter in Vivo Behavior-Insights from Intravital Microscopy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:829-837. [PMID: 28752131 PMCID: PMC5526635 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple administrations of nanoparticle-based formulations are often a clinical requirement for drug delivery and diagnostic imaging applications. Steady pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles is desirable to achieve efficient therapeutic or diagnostic outcomes over such repeat administrations. While clearance through mononuclear phagocytic system is a key determinant of nanoparticle persistence in vivo, multiple administrations could potentially result in altered pharmacokinetics by evoking innate or adaptive immune responses. Plant viral nanoparticles (VNPs) represent an emerging class of programmable nanoparticle platform technologies that offer a highly organized proteinaceous architecture and multivalency for delivery of large payloads of drugs and molecular contrast agents. These very structural features also render them susceptible to immune recognition and subsequent accelerated systemic clearance that could potentially affect overall efficiency. While the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of VNPs have been reported, the biological response following repeat administrations remains an understudied area of investigation. Here, we demonstrate that weekly administration of filamentous plant viruses results in the generation of increasing levels of circulating, carrier-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. Furthermore, PVX specific immunoglobulins from the serum of immunized animals quickly form aggregates when incubated with PVX in vitro. Such aggregates of VNP-immune complexes are also observed in the mouse vasculature in vivo following repeat injections when imaged in real time using intravital two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2P-LSM). The size of aggregates diminishes at later time points, coinciding with antibody class switching from IgM to IgG. Together, our results highlight the need for careful in vivo assessment of (viral) nanoparticle-based platform technologies, especially in studying their performance after repeat administration. We also demonstrate the utility of intravital microscopy to aid in this evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - R Dixon Dorand
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jay T Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sarah E Woods
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Neetu M Gulati
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Phoebe L Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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112
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Tian Y, Gao S, Wu M, Liu X, Qiao J, Zhou Q, Jiang S, Niu Z. Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Based 1D Nanorod-Drug Carrier via the Integrin-Mediated Endocytosis Pathway. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10800-10807. [PMID: 27062971 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For cancer therapy, viruses have been utilized as excellent delivery vehicles because of their facile transfection efficiency in their host cells. However, their inherent immunogenicity has become the major obstacle for their translation into approved pharmaceuticals. Herein, we utilized rodlike plant virus, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which is nontoxic to mammals and mainly infects tobacco species, as anticancer nanorod-drug vector for cancer therapy study. Doxorubicin (DOX) was installed in the inner cavity of TMV by hydrazone bond, which enabled the pH-sensitive drug release property. Conjugation of cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) on the surface of TMV can enhance HeLa cell uptake of the carrier via the integrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Comparing with free DOX, the cRGD-TMV-hydra-DOX vector had similar cell growth inhibition and much higher apoptosis efficiency on HeLa cells. Moreover, the in vivo assay assumed that cRGD-TMV-hydra-DOX behaved similar antitumor efficiency but much lower side effect on HeLa bearing Balb/c-nu mice. Our work provides novel insights into potentially cancer therapy based on rodlike plant viral nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sijia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Man Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shidong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhongwei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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113
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Abstract
Founded on the growing insight into the complex cancer-immune system interactions, adjuvant immunotherapies are rapidly emerging and being adapted for the treatment of various human malignancies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, for example, have already shown clinical success. Nevertheless, many approaches are not optimized, require frequent administration, are associated with systemic toxicities and only show modest efficacy as monotherapies. Nanotechnology can potentially enhance the efficacy of such immunotherapies by improving the delivery, retention and release of immunostimulatory agents and biologicals in targeted cell populations and tissues. This review presents the current status and emerging trends in such nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapies including the role of nanoparticles as carriers of immunomodulators, nanoparticles-based cancer vaccines, and depots for sustained immunostimulation. Also highlighted are key translational challenges and opportunities in this rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and
Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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114
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Pitek AS, Jameson SA, Veliz FA, Shukla S, Steinmetz NF. Serum albumin 'camouflage' of plant virus based nanoparticles prevents their antibody recognition and enhances pharmacokinetics. Biomaterials 2016; 89:89-97. [PMID: 26950168 PMCID: PMC5127400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs) are a novel class of nanocarriers with unique potential for biomedical applications. VNPs have many advantageous properties such as ease of manufacture and high degree of quality control. Their biocompatibility and biodegradability make them an attractive alternative to synthetic nanoparticles (NPs). Nevertheless, as with synthetic NPs, to be successful in drug delivery or imaging, the carriers need to overcome several biological barriers including innate immune recognition. Plasma opsonization can tag (V)NPs for clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), resulting in shortened circulation half lives and non-specific sequestration in non-targeted organs. PEG coatings have been traditionally used to 'shield' nanocarriers from immune surveillance. However, due to broad use of PEG in cosmetics and other industries, the prevalence of anti-PEG antibodies has been reported, which may limit the utility of PEGylation in nanomedicine. Alternative strategies are needed to tailor the in vivo properties of (plant virus-based) nanocarriers. We demonstrate the use of serum albumin (SA) as a viable alternative. SA conjugation to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based nanocarriers results in a 'camouflage' effect more effective than PEG coatings. SA-'camouflaged' TMV particles exhibit decreased antibody recognition, as well as enhanced pharmacokinetics in a Balb/C mouse model. Therefore, SA-coatings may provide an alternative and improved coating technique to yield (plant virus-based) NPs with improved in vivo properties enhancing drug delivery and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Pitek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Slater A Jameson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Frank A Veliz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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115
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Czapar AE, Zheng YR, Riddell IA, Shukla S, Awuah SG, Lippard SJ, Steinmetz NF. Tobacco Mosaic Virus Delivery of Phenanthriplatin for Cancer therapy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4119-26. [PMID: 26982250 PMCID: PMC5155116 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthriplatin, cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl(phenanthridine)](NO3), is a cationic monofunctional DNA-binding platinum(II) anticancer drug candidate with unusual potency and cellular response profiles. Its in vivo efficacy has not yet been demonstrated, highlighting the need for a delivery system. Here we report tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as a delivery system for phenanthriplatin. TMV forms hollow nanotubes with a polyanionic interior surface; capitalizing on this native structure, we developed a one-step phenanthriplatin loading protocol. Phenanthriplatin release from the carrier is induced in acidic environments. This delivery system, designated PhenPt-TMV, exhibits matched efficacy in a cancer cell panel compared to free phenanthriplatin. In vivo tumor delivery and efficacy were confirmed by using a mouse model of triple negative breast cancer. Tumors treated with PhenPt-TMV were 4× smaller than tumors treated with free phenanthriplatin or cisplatin, owing to increased accumulation of phenanthriplatin within the tumor tissue. The biology-derived TMV delivery system may facilitate translation of phenanthriplatin into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Czapar
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
| | - Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Imogen A. Riddell
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
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116
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Koch C, Eber FJ, Azucena C, Förste A, Walheim S, Schimmel T, Bittner AM, Jeske H, Gliemann H, Eiben S, Geiger FC, Wege C. Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:613-29. [PMID: 27335751 PMCID: PMC4901926 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The rod-shaped nanoparticles of the widespread plant pathogen tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) have been a matter of intense debates and cutting-edge research for more than a hundred years. During the late 19th century, their behavior in filtration tests applied to the agent causing the 'plant mosaic disease' eventually led to the discrimination of viruses from bacteria. Thereafter, they promoted the development of biophysical cornerstone techniques such as electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation. Since the 1950s, the robust, helically arranged nucleoprotein complexes consisting of a single RNA and more than 2100 identical coat protein subunits have enabled molecular studies which have pioneered the understanding of viral replication and self-assembly, and elucidated major aspects of virus-host interplay, which can lead to agronomically relevant diseases. However, during the last decades, TMV has acquired a new reputation as a well-defined high-yield nanotemplate with multivalent protein surfaces, allowing for an ordered high-density presentation of multiple active molecules or synthetic compounds. Amino acid side chains exposed on the viral coat may be tailored genetically or biochemically to meet the demands for selective conjugation reactions, or to directly engineer novel functionality on TMV-derived nanosticks. The natural TMV size (length: 300 nm) in combination with functional ligands such as peptides, enzymes, dyes, drugs or inorganic materials is advantageous for applications ranging from biomedical imaging and therapy approaches over surface enlargement of battery electrodes to the immobilization of enzymes. TMV building blocks are also amenable to external control of in vitro assembly and re-organization into technically expedient new shapes or arrays, which bears a unique potential for the development of 'smart' functional 3D structures. Among those, materials designed for enzyme-based biodetection layouts, which are routinely applied, e.g., for monitoring blood sugar concentrations, might profit particularly from the presence of TMV rods: Their surfaces were recently shown to stabilize enzymatic activities upon repeated consecutive uses and over several weeks. This review gives the reader a ride through strikingly diverse achievements obtained with TMV-based particles, compares them to the progress with related viruses, and focuses on latest results revealing special advantages for enzyme-based biosensing formats, which might be of high interest for diagnostics employing 'systems-on-a-chip'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Koch
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Fabian J Eber
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Carlos Azucena
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Chemistry of Oxidic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, D-76344, Germany
| | - Alexander Förste
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), INT: Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany, and IAP/CFN: Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, Karlsruhe, D-76131 Germany
| | - Stefan Walheim
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), INT: Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany, and IAP/CFN: Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, Karlsruhe, D-76131 Germany
| | - Thomas Schimmel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), INT: Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany, and IAP/CFN: Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, Karlsruhe, D-76131 Germany
| | - Alexander M Bittner
- CIC Nanogune, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain, and Ikerbasque, Maria Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Holger Jeske
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Chemistry of Oxidic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, D-76344, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Fania C Geiger
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
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117
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Liu X, Wu F, Tian Y, Wu M, Zhou Q, Jiang S, Niu Z. Size Dependent Cellular Uptake of Rod-like Bionanoparticles with Different Aspect Ratios. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24567. [PMID: 27080246 PMCID: PMC4832221 DOI: 10.1038/srep24567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular internalization mechanism of nanoparticles is essential to study their biological fate. Especially, due to the anisotropic properties, rod-like nanoparticles have attracted growing interest for the enhanced internalization efficiency with respect to spherical nanoparticles. Here, to elucidate the effect of aspect ratio of rod-like nanoparticles on cellular uptake, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a typical rod-like bionanoparticle, is developed as a model. Nanorods with different aspect ratios can be obtained by ultrasound treatment and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. By incubating with epithelial and endothelial cells, we found that the rod-like bionanoparticles with various aspect ratios had different internalization pathways in different cell lines: microtubules transport in HeLa and clathrin-mediated uptake in HUVEC for TMV4 and TMV8; caveolae-mediated pathway and microtubules transport in HeLa and HUVEC for TMV17. Differently from most nanoparticles, for all the three TMV nano-rods with different aspect ratios, macropinocytosis takes no effect on the internalization in both cell types. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the influence of aspect ratio on cellular uptake decoupled from charge and material composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengchi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Man Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shidong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhongwei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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118
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Chariou PL, Lee KL, Pokorski JK, Saidel GM, Steinmetz NF. Diffusion and Uptake of Tobacco Mosaic Virus as Therapeutic Carrier in Tumor Tissue: Effect of Nanoparticle Aspect Ratio. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:6120-9. [PMID: 27045770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based technologies, including platforms derived from plant viruses, hold great promise for targeting and delivering cancer therapeutics to solid tumors by overcoming dose-limiting toxicities associated with chemotherapies. A growing body of data indicates advantageous margination and penetration properties of high aspect-ratio nanoparticles, which enhance payload delivery, resulting in increased efficacy. Our lab has demonstrated that elongated rod-shaped and filamentous macromolecular nucleoprotein assemblies from plant viruses have higher tissue diffusion rates than spherical particles. In this study, we developed a mathematical model to quantify diffusion and uptake of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in a spheroid system approximating a capillary-free segment of a solid tumor. Model simulations predict TMV concentration distribution with time in a tumor spheroid for different sizes and cell densities. From simulations of TMV concentration distribution, we can quantify the effect of TMV aspect ratio (e.g., nanorod length-to-width) with and without cellular uptake by modulated surface chemistry. This theoretical analysis can be applied to other viral or nonviral delivery systems to complement the experimental development of the next generation of nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Chariou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Karin L Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Gerald M Saidel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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119
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Pitek AS, Wen AM, Shukla S, Steinmetz NF. The Protein Corona of Plant Virus Nanoparticles Influences their Dispersion Properties, Cellular Interactions, and In Vivo Fates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1758-69. [PMID: 26853911 PMCID: PMC5147027 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules in bodily fluids such as plasma can adsorb to the surface of nanoparticles and influence their biological properties. This phenomenon, known as the protein corona, is well established in the field of synthetic nanotechnology but has not been described in the context of plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs). The interaction between VNPs derived from Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and plasma proteins is investigated, and it is found that the VNP protein corona is significantly less abundant compared to the corona of synthetic particles. The formed corona is dominated by complement proteins and immunoglobulins, the binding of which can be reduced by PEGylating the VNP surface. The impact of the VNP protein corona on molecular recognition and cell targeting in the context of cancer and thrombosis is investigated. A library of functionalized TMV rods with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and peptide ligands targeting integrins or fibrin(ogen) show different dispersion properties, cellular interactions, and in vivo fates depending on the properties of the protein corona, influencing target specificity, and non-specific scavenging by macrophages. Our results provide insight into the in vivo properties of VNPs and suggest that the protein corona effect should be considered during the development of efficacious, targeted VNP formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S. Pitek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Amy M. Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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120
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Lam P, Gulati NM, Stewart PL, Keri RA, Steinmetz NF. Bioengineering of Tobacco Mosaic Virus to Create a Non-Infectious Positive Control for Ebola Diagnostic Assays. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23803. [PMID: 27030058 PMCID: PMC4814824 DOI: 10.1038/srep23803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2014 Ebola epidemic is the largest to date. There is no cure or treatment for this deadly disease; therefore there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostics to accurately detect Ebola. Current RT-PCR assays lack sensitive and reliable positive controls. To address this critical need, we devised a bio-inspired positive control for use in RT-PCR diagnostics: we encapsulated scrambled Ebola RNA sequences inside of tobacco mosaic virus to create a biomimicry that is non-infectious, but stable, and could therefore serve as a positive control in Ebola diagnostic assays. Here, we report the bioengineering and validation of this probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
| | - Neetu M. Gulati
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
| | - Phoebe L. Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
| | - Ruth A. Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
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121
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Lee KL, Carpenter BL, Wen AM, Ghiladi RA, Steinmetz NF. High Aspect Ratio Nanotubes Formed by Tobacco Mosaic Virus for Delivery of Photodynamic Agents Targeting Melanoma. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:838-844. [PMID: 28713855 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer that is unresponsive to many traditional therapies. Recently, photodynamic therapy has shown promise in its treatment as an adjuvant therapy. However, conventional photosensitizers are limited by poor solubility and limited accumulation within target tissue. Here, we report the delivery of a porphyrin-based photosensitizer encapsulated within a plant viral nanoparticle. Specifically, we make use of the hollow, high aspect ratio nanotubes formed by the nucleoprotein components of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to encapsulate the drug for delivery and targeting of cancer cells. The cationic photosensitizer was successfully and stably loaded into the interior channel of TMV via electrostatic interactions. Cell uptake and efficacy were evaluated using a model of melanoma. The resulting TMV-photosensitizer exhibited improved cell uptake and efficacy when compared to free photosensitizer, making it a promising platform for improved therapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin L Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Bradley L Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Reza A Ghiladi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Radiology, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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122
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Bruckman MA, Czapar AE, VanMeter A, Randolph LN, Steinmetz NF. Tobacco mosaic virus-based protein nanoparticles and nanorods for chemotherapy delivery targeting breast cancer. J Control Release 2016; 231:103-13. [PMID: 26941034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are required for drug targeting to avoid adverse effects associated with chemotherapy treatment regimes. Our approach is focused on the study and development of plant virus-based materials as drug delivery systems; specifically, this work focuses on the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Native TMV forms a hollow, high aspect-ratio nanotube measuring 300×18nm with a 4nm-wide central channel. Heat-transformation can be applied to TMV yielding spherical nanoparticles (SNPs) measuring ~50nm in size. While bioconjugate chemistries have been established to modify the TMV rod, such methods have not yet been described for the SNP platform. In this work, we probed the reactivity of SNPs toward bioconjugate reactions targeting lysine, glutamine/aspartic acid, and cysteine residues. We demonstrate functionalization of SNPs using these chemistries yielding efficient payload conjugation. In addition to covalent labeling techniques, we developed encapsulation techniques, where the cargo is loaded into the SNP during heat-transition from rod-to-sphere. Finally, we developed TMV and SNP formulations loaded with the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin, and we demonstrate the application of TMV rods and spheres for chemotherapy delivery targeting breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Bruckman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anna E Czapar
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Allen VanMeter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lauren N Randolph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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123
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He X, Yu H, Bao X, Cao H, Yin Q, Zhang Z, Li Y. pH-Responsive Wormlike Micelles with Sequential Metastasis Targeting Inhibit Lung Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:439-48. [PMID: 26711864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the main cause for the high mortality in breast cancer patients. Herein, we first report succinobucol-loaded pH-responsive wormlike micelles (PWMs) with sequential targeting capability to inhibit lung metastasis of breast cancer. PWMs can in a first step be delivered specifically to the sites of metastases in the lungs and then enable the intracellular pH-stimulus responsive drug release in cancer cells to improve the anti-metastatic effect. PWMs are identified as nanofibrillar assemblies with a diameter of 19.9 ± 1.9 nm and a length within the 50-200 nm range, and exhibited pH-sensitive drug release behavior in response to acidic intracellular environments. Moreover, PWMs can obviously inhibit the migration and invasion abilities of metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells, and reduce the expression of the metastasis-associated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) at 400 ng mL(-1) of succinobucol. In particular, PWMs can induce a higher specific accumulation in lung and be specifically delivered to the sites of metastases in lung, thereby leading to an 86.6% inhibition on lung metastasis of breast cancer. Therefore, the use of sequentially targeting PWMs can become an encouraging strategy for specific targeting and effective treatment of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu He
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Haijun Yu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xiaoyue Bao
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Haiqiang Cao
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Qi Yin
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yaping Li
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
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124
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Müllner M, Mehta D, Nowell CJ, Porter CJH. Passive tumour targeting and extravasation of cylindrical polymer brushes in mouse xenografts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9121-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00447d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The passive tumour targeting and extravasation performance of PEGMA-based cylindrical polymer brushes was investigated, including their behaviour upon changes to their aspect ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney 2006
- Australia
| | - Dharmini Mehta
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville 3052
- Australia
| | - Cameron J. Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville 3052
- Australia
| | - Christopher J. H. Porter
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville 3052
- Australia
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125
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Koch C, Wabbel K, Eber FJ, Krolla-Sidenstein P, Azucena C, Gliemann H, Eiben S, Geiger F, Wege C. Modified TMV Particles as Beneficial Scaffolds to Present Sensor Enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1137. [PMID: 26734040 PMCID: PMC4689848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a robust nanotubular nucleoprotein scaffold increasingly employed for the high density presentation of functional molecules such as peptides, fluorescent dyes, and antibodies. We report on its use as advantageous carrier for sensor enzymes. A TMV mutant with a cysteine residue exposed on every coat protein (CP) subunit (TMVCys) enabled the coupling of bifunctional maleimide-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-biotin linkers (TMVCys/Bio). Its surface was equipped with two streptavidin [SA]-conjugated enzymes: glucose oxidase ([SA]-GOx) and horseradish peroxidase ([SA]-HRP). At least 50% of the CPs were decorated with a linker molecule, and all thereof with active enzymes. Upon use as adapter scaffolds in conventional "high-binding" microtiter plates, TMV sticks allowed the immobilization of up to 45-fold higher catalytic activities than control samples with the same input of enzymes. Moreover, they increased storage stability and reusability in relation to enzymes applied directly to microtiter plate wells. The functionalized TMV adsorbed to solid supports showed a homogeneous distribution of the conjugated enzymes and structural integrity of the nanorods upon transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. The high surface-increase and steric accessibility of the viral scaffolds in combination with the biochemical environment provided by the plant viral coat may explain the beneficial effects. TMV can, thus, serve as a favorable multivalent nanoscale platform for the ordered presentation of bioactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Koch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Katrin Wabbel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Eber
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Krolla-Sidenstein
- Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carlos Azucena
- Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Fania Geiger
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent SystemsStuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
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126
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Abstract
Nanoscale engineering is revolutionizing the way we prevent, detect, and treat diseases. Viruses have played a special role in these developments because they can function as prefabricated nanoscaffolds that have unique properties and are easily modified. The interiors of virus particles can encapsulate and protect sensitive compounds, while the exteriors can be altered to display large and small molecules in precisely defined arrays. These properties of viruses, along with their innate biocompatibility, have led to their development as actively targeted drug delivery systems that expand on and improve current pharmaceutical options. Viruses are naturally immunogenic, and antigens displayed on their surface have been used to create vaccines against pathogens and to break self-tolerance to initiate an immune response to dysfunctional proteins. Densely and specifically aligned imaging agents on viruses have allowed for high-resolution and noninvasive visualization tools to detect and treat diseases earlier than previously possible. These and future applications of viruses have created an exciting new field within the disciplines of both nanotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marianne Manchester
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Departments of 2Biomedical Engineering
- Radiology
- Materials Science and Engineering, and
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106;
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127
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Sen Gupta A. Role of particle size, shape, and stiffness in design of intravascular drug delivery systems: insights from computations, experiments, and nature. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:255-70. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
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128
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Bruckman MA, Randolph LN, Gulati NM, Stewart PL, Steinmetz NF. Silica-coated Gd(DOTA)-loaded protein nanoparticles enable magnetic resonance imaging of macrophages. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7503-7510. [PMID: 26659591 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The molecular imaging of in vivo targets allows non-invasive disease diagnosis. Nanoparticles offer a promising platform for molecular imaging because they can deliver large payloads of imaging reagents to the site of disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often preferred for clinical diagnosis because it uses non-ionizing radiation and offers both high spatial resolution and excellent penetration. We have explored the use of plant viruses as the basis of for MRI contrast reagents, specifically Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which can assemble to form either stiff rods or spheres. We loaded TMV particles with paramagnetic Gd ions, increasing the ionic relaxivity compared to free Gd ions. The loaded TMV particles were then coated with silica maintaining high relaxivities. Interestingly, we found that when Gd(DOTA) was loaded into the interior channel of TMV and the exterior was coated with silica, the T1 relaxivities increased by three-fold from 10.9 mM-1 s-1 to 29.7 mM-1s-1 at 60 MHz compared to uncoated Gd-loaded TMV. To test the performance of the contrast agents in a biological setting, we focused on interactions with macrophages because the active or passive targeting of immune cells is a popular strategy to investigate the cellular components involved in disease progression associated with inflammation. In vitro assays and phantom MRI experiments indicate efficient targeting and imaging of macrophages, enhanced contrast-to-noise ratio was observed by shape-engineering (SNP > TMV) and silica-coating (Si-TMV/SNP > TMV/SNP). Because plant viruses are in the food chain, antibodies may be prevalent in the population. Therefore we investigated whether the silica-coating could prevent antibody recognition; indeed our data indicate that mineralization can be used as a stealth coating option to reduce clearance. Therefore, we conclude that the silica-coated protein-based contrast agent may provide an interesting candidate material for further investigation for in vivo delineation of disease through macrophage imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH ; Department of Radiology, Cleveland, OH ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cleveland, OH ; Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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129
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Altintoprak K, Seidenstücker A, Welle A, Eiben S, Atanasova P, Stitz N, Plettl A, Bill J, Gliemann H, Jeske H, Rothenstein D, Geiger F, Wege C. Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1399-412. [PMID: 26199844 PMCID: PMC4505087 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The coating of regular-shaped, readily available nanorod biotemplates with inorganic compounds has attracted increasing interest during recent years. The goal is an effective, bioinspired fabrication of fiber-reinforced composites and robust, miniaturized technical devices. Major challenges in the synthesis of applicable mineralized nanorods lie in selectivity and adjustability of the inorganic material deposited on the biological, rod-shaped backbones, with respect to thickness and surface profile of the resulting coating, as well as the avoidance of aggregation into extended superstructures. Nanotubular tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) templates have proved particularly suitable towards this goal: Their multivalent protein coating can be modified by high-surface-density conjugation of peptides, inducing and governing silica deposition from precursor solutions in vitro. In this study, TMV has been equipped with mineralization-directing peptides designed to yield silica coatings in a reliable and predictable manner via precipitation from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) precursors. Three peptide groups were compared regarding their influence on silica polymerization: (i) two peptide variants with alternating basic and acidic residues, i.e. lysine-aspartic acid (KD) x motifs expected to act as charge-relay systems promoting TEOS hydrolysis and silica polymerization; (ii) a tetrahistidine-exposing polypeptide (CA4H4) known to induce silicification due to the positive charge of its clustered imidazole side chains; and (iii) two peptides with high ZnO binding affinity. Differential effects on the mineralization of the TMV surface were demonstrated, where a (KD) x charge-relay peptide (designed in this study) led to the most reproducible and selective silica deposition. A homogenous coating of the biotemplate and tight control of shell thickness were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Altintoprak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Axel Seidenstücker
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Welle
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petia Atanasova
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nina Stitz
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alfred Plettl
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Holger Jeske
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk Rothenstein
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Fania Geiger
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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130
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Wen AM, Wang Y, Jiang K, Hsu GC, Gao H, Lee KL, Yang AC, Yu X, Simon DI, Steinmetz NF. Shaping bio-inspired nanotechnologies to target thrombosis for dual optical-magnetic resonance imaging. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6037-6045. [PMID: 26509036 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00879d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Arterial and venous thrombosis are among the most common causes of death and hospitalization worldwide. Nanotechnology approaches hold great promise for molecular imaging and diagnosis as well as tissue-targeted delivery of therapeutics. In this study, we developed and investigated bioengineered nanoprobes for identifying thrombus formation; the design parameters of nanoparticle shape and surface chemistry, i.e. incorporation of fibrin-binding peptides CREKA and GPRPP, were investigated. Two nanoparticle platforms based on plant viruses were studied - icosahedral cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and elongated rod-shaped tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). These particles were loaded to carry contrast agents for dual-modality magnetic resonance (MR) and optical imaging, and both modalities demonstrated specificity of fibrin binding in vitro with the presence of targeting peptides. Preclinical studies in a carotid artery photochemical injury model of thrombosis confirmed thrombus homing of the nanoprobes, with the elongated TMV rods exhibiting significantly greater attachment to thrombi than icosahedral (sphere-like) CPMV. While in vitro studies confirmed fibrin-specificity conferred by the peptide ligands, in vivo studies indicated the nanoparticle shape had the greatest contribution toward thrombus targeting, with no significant contribution from either targeting ligand. These results demonstrate that nanoparticle shape plays a critical role in particle deposition at the site of vascular injury. Shaping nanotechnologies opens the door for the development of novel targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies (i.e., theranostics) for arterial and venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Yunmei Wang
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Greg C Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Huiyun Gao
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Karin L Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Alice C Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Daniel I Simon
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106. ; Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106. ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106. ; Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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