101
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Understanding reactivity and regioselectivity in Diels–Alder reactions of a sugar-derived dienophile bearing two competing EWGs. An experimental and computational study. Carbohydr Res 2015; 415:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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102
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Salavati-fard T, Caratzoulas S, Doren DJ. DFT Study of Solvent Effects in Acid-Catalyzed Diels–Alder Cycloadditions of 2,5-Dimethylfuran and Maleic Anhydride. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9834-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taha Salavati-fard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, ‡Catalysis Center
for Energy Innovation
(CCEI), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Stavros Caratzoulas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, ‡Catalysis Center
for Energy Innovation
(CCEI), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Douglas J Doren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, ‡Catalysis Center
for Energy Innovation
(CCEI), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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103
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The discovery of oxazolones-grafted spirooxindoles via three-component diversity oriented synthesis and their preliminary biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3585-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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104
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Beryozkina TV, Efimov IV, Fabian WM, Beliaev NA, Slepukhin PA, Isenov ML, Dehaen W, Lubec G, Eltsov OS, Fan Z, Thomas J, Bakulev VA. Reactivity of 1,2,3-triazoles towards sulfonyl chlorides. A novel approach to 1- and 2-sulfonyl-4-azolyl-1,2,3-triazoles. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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105
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Understanding the molecular mechanism and regioselectivity in the synthesis of celecoxib via a domino reaction: A DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 60:155-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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106
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Fernández I. Combined activation strain model and energy decomposition analysis methods: a new way to understand pericyclic reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:7662-71. [PMID: 24638229 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The recently introduced activation strain model (ASM) has allowed us to gain more insight into the intimacies of different fundamental processes in chemistry. In combination with the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method, we have nowadays a very useful tool to quantitatively understand the physical factors that govern the activation barriers of reactions within organic and organometallic chemistry. In this Perspective article, we present selected illustrative examples of the application of this method to pericyclic reactions (Diels-Alder and double group transfer reactions) to show that this methodology nicely complements other more traditional, widely used theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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107
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Understanding the role of the trifluoromethyl group in reactivity and regioselectivity in [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of enol acetates with nitrones. A DFT study. J Mol Model 2015; 21:104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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108
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Domingo LR, Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Pérez P. A DFT study of the ionic [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of keteniminium cations with terminal acetylenes. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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109
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Pérez P, Domingo LR. A DFT Study of Inter- and Intramolecular Aryne Ene Reactions. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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110
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Domingo LR, Sáez JA, Emamian SR. Understanding the domino reaction between 3-chloroindoles and methyl coumalate yielding carbazoles. A DFT study. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2034-43. [PMID: 25520216 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02340d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of the reaction between N-methyl-3-chloroindole and methyl coumalate yielding carbazole has been studied using DFT methods at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) level in toluene. This reaction is a domino process that comprises three consecutive reactions: (i) a polar Diels-Alder (P-DA) reaction between indole and methyl coumalate yielding two stereoisomeric [2 + 4] cycloadducts (CAs); (ii) the elimination of HCl from these CAs affording two stereoisomeric intermediates; and (iii) the extrusion of CO2 in these intermediates, finally yielding the carbazole. This P-DA reaction proceeds in a completely regioselective and slightly exo selective fashion. In spite of the highly polar character of this P-DA reaction, it presents a high activation enthalpy of 21.8 kcal mol(-1) due to the loss of the aromatic character of the indole during the C-C bond formation. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that the P-DA reaction is the rate-determining step of this domino reaction; in addition, the initial HCl elimination in the formal [2 + 4] CAs is kinetically favoured over the extrusion of CO2. Although the P-DA reaction is kinetically and thermodynamically very unfavourable, the easier HCl and CO2 elimination from the [2 + 4] CAs together with the strong exergonic character of the CO2 extrusion makes the P-DA reaction irreversible. An ELF topological analysis of the bonding changes along the P-DA reaction supports a two-stage one-step mechanism. An analysis of the global DFT reactivity indices at the ground state of the reagents confirms the highly polar character of this P-DA reaction. Finally, the complete regioselectivity of the studied reactions can be explained using the Parr functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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111
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Andersen KA, Aronoff MR, McGrath NA, Raines RT. Diazo groups endure metabolism and enable chemoselectivity in cellulo. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2412-5. [PMID: 25658416 PMCID: PMC4372190 DOI: 10.1021/ja5095815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We
introduce a stabilized diazo group as a reporter for chemical
biology. ManDiaz, which is a diazo derivative of N-acetylmannosamine, is found to endure cellular metabolism and label
the surface of a mammalian cell. There its diazo group can undergo
a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with a strained alkyne, providing a signal
comparable to that from the azido congener, ManNAz. The chemoselectivity
of diazo and alkynyl groups enables dual labeling of cells that is
not possible with azido and alkynyl groups. Thus, the diazo group,
which is approximately half the size of an azido group, provides unique
opportunities for orthogonal labeling of cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Andersen
- Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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112
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Pino-Chamorro JÁ, Gushchin AL, Fernández-Trujillo MJ, Hernández-Molina R, Vicent C, Algarra AG, Basallote MG. Mechanism of [3+2] cycloaddition of alkynes to the [Mo3 S4 (acac)3 (py)3 ][PF6 ] cluster. Chemistry 2015; 21:2835-44. [PMID: 25529428 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A study, involving kinetic measurements on the stopped-flow and conventional UV/Vis timescales, ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, has been carried out to understand the mechanism of the reaction of [Mo3 S4 (acac)3 (py)3 ][PF6 ] ([1]PF6 ; acac=acetylacetonate, py=pyridine) with two RCCR alkynes (R=CH2 OH (btd), COOH (adc)) in CH3 CN. Both reactions show polyphasic kinetics, but experimental and computational data indicate that alkyne activation occurs in a single kinetic step through a concerted mechanism similar to that of organic [3+2] cycloaddition reactions, in this case through the interaction with one Mo(μ-S)2 moiety of [1](+) . The rate of this step is three orders of magnitude faster for adc than that for btd, and the products initially formed evolve in subsequent steps into compounds that result from substitution of py ligands or from reorganization to give species with different structures. Activation strain analysis of the [3+2] cycloaddition step reveals that the deformation of the two reactants has a small contribution to the difference in the computed activation barriers, which is mainly associated with the change in the extent of their interaction at the transition-state structures. Subsequent frontier molecular orbital analysis shows that the carboxylic acid substituents on adc stabilize its HOMO and LUMO orbitals with respect to those on btd due to better electron-withdrawing properties. As a result, the frontier molecular orbitals of the cluster and alkyne become closer in energy; this allows a stronger interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ángel Pino-Chamorro
- Departmento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biomoléculas, Universidad de Cádiz, Avda. República Saharahui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real (Spain), Fax: (+34) 956-016-288
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113
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A mechanistic study of the participation of azomethine ylides and carbonyl ylides in [3+2] cycloaddition reactions. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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114
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Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Pérez P, Domingo LR. A bonding evolution theory study of the mechanism of [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of nitrones with electron-deficient ethylenes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10458k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BET study of the mechanism of zw-type [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of nitrones with electron-deficient ethylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Universidad de Valencia
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Universidad Andrés Bello
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Luis R. Domingo
- Universidad de Valencia
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
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115
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Nacereddine AK, Layeb H, Chafaa F, Yahia W, Djerourou A, Domingo LR. A DFT study of the role of the Lewis acid catalysts in the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of the electrophilic nitrone isomer of methyl glyoxylate oxime with nucleophilic cyclopentene. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism and stereoselectivity of the BH3-catalysed 32CA reaction between C-methoxycarbonyl nitrone and cyclopentene has been studied using MPWB1K/6-31G(d) computational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmalek Khorief Nacereddine
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Biocatalyse Organique
- Département de Chimie
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba
- 23000 Annaba
| | - Hatem Layeb
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Biocatalyse Organique
- Département de Chimie
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba
- 23000 Annaba
| | - Fouad Chafaa
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Biocatalyse Organique
- Département de Chimie
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba
- 23000 Annaba
| | - Wassila Yahia
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Biocatalyse Organique
- Département de Chimie
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba
- 23000 Annaba
| | - Abdelhafid Djerourou
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Biocatalyse Organique
- Département de Chimie
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba
- 23000 Annaba
| | - Luis Ramon Domingo
- Unidad de Investigación Química Orgánica Teórica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- Valencia
- Spain
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116
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Nacereddine AK, Sobhi C, Djerourou A, Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Domingo LR. Non-classical CH⋯O hydrogen-bond determining the regio- and stereoselectivity in the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of (Z)-C-phenyl-N-methylnitrone with dimethyl 2-benzylidenecyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate. A topological electron-density study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20268j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of a non-classical CH⋯O hydrogen-bond involving the nitrone C–H hydrogen is responsible for the selectivity experimentally found in this non-polar zw-type 32CA reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmalek Khorief Nacereddine
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Biocatalyse Organique
- Département de Chimie
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba
- 23000 Annaba
| | - Chafia Sobhi
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Biocatalyse Organique
- Département de Chimie
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba
- 23000 Annaba
| | - Abdelhafid Djerourou
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Biocatalyse Organique
- Département de Chimie
- Faculté des Sciences
- Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba
- 23000 Annaba
| | - Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Luis R. Domingo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
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117
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Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Domingo LR, Pérez P. Understanding the high reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic carbenoid intermediates generated from carbene isocyanides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15662a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The high nucleophilic character of the carbenoid intermediate cis-IN together with the specific approach mode of acetone make the formation of the C–C single bond with a very low activation free energy, possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Universidad de Valencia
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Luis R. Domingo
- Universidad de Valencia
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Universidad Andrés Bello
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Santiago
- Chile
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118
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Jin R, Liu S, Lan Y. Distortion–interaction analysis along the reaction pathway to reveal the reactivity of the Alder-ene reaction of enes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of uncatalyzed Alder-ene type reactions of hetero-substituted propylene is interpreted by distortion–interaction analysis of both the transition states and the complete reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
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119
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Chandar NB, Ganguly B. In silico study on the mechanism of formation of hydrazine and nitrogen in the reactions of excess hydroxylamine with 2,4-dinitrophenyl diethyl phosphate. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj02300e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Decomposition study of 2,4-dinitrophenyl diethyl phosphate to hydrazine and nitrogen gas with excess of hydroxylamine using quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellore Bhanu Chandar
- Computation and Simulation Unit (Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility)
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Gujarat
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Computation and Simulation Unit (Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility)
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Gujarat
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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120
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Li W, Yang N, Lv Y. Theoretical study of the BINOL–zinc complex-catalyzed asymmetric inverse-electron-demand imino Diels–Alder reaction: mechanism and stereochemistry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17981e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enantioselectivity originates from the hindrance of a BINOL ligand, and the exo-selectivity is achieved by the favored electrophilic/nucleophilic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Li
- School of Science
- Xihua University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Na Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Yajing Lv
- School of Science
- Xihua University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
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121
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Tajabadi J, Bakavoli M, Gholizadeh M, Eshghi H, Izadyar M. The origin of regio- and stereoselectivity in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with C1-substituted 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes, a DFT study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04254b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin ofexo/antiselectivity in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with C1-substituted 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes has been investigated theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Tajabadi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 91775-1436
- Iran
| | - M. Bakavoli
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 91775-1436
- Iran
| | - M. Gholizadeh
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 91775-1436
- Iran
| | - H. Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 91775-1436
- Iran
| | - M. Izadyar
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 91775-1436
- Iran
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122
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Sarvary A, Maleki A. A review of syntheses of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole derivatives. Mol Divers 2014; 19:189-212. [PMID: 25273563 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-014-9553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This report provides a brief overview of the various representative literature procedures for the synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles (1,5-DSTs) and fused 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles with more than 120 references. Most of the published methods for the synthesis of 1,5-DSTs include the use of nitriles, amides, thioamides, imidoyl chlorides, heterocumulenes, isocyanates, isothiocyanates, carbodiimides, ketenimines, ketones, amines, and alkenes as the starting materials. The transformation of 1- and 5-substituted tetrazoles into 1,5-DSTs is also covered in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Sarvary
- Department of Science, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran
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123
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Bakalova SM, Gil Santos A. Diels-Alder reactions of chiral isoimidium salts: a computational study. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8202-11. [PMID: 25090582 DOI: 10.1021/jo501407z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, important efforts have been devoted to asymmetric Diels-Alder (DA) cycloadditions. Several chiral auxiliaries and catalysts were tested, originating a multitude of selectivities. Here, we study the ability of the isoimidium group as a dienophile activator in DA reactions, as well as its behavior in the induction of selectivity, when incorporated in chiral auxiliary units. We study dienophiles attached to isoimidium auxiliaries derived from (2R,5R)-2,5-diphenylpyrrolidine and from (R)-bis((R)-1-phenylethyl)amine, and show that they lead to low activation energies in DA additions to different dienes. Reported experimental regio- and endo/exo selectitivites are also fully rationalized. While diastereoselectivities originated by (2R,5R)-2,5-diphenylpyrrolidine based dienophiles can easily be rationalized by a C2 symmetric transition state, several transition states have to be simultaneously accounted for the rationalization of the selectivity obtained with dienophiles based on (R)-bis((R)-1-phenylethyl)amine. In this case, the C2 symmetric structure leads to opposite selectivities to those experimentally observed. Thus, while the structures of the dienophiles derived from these two amines seem similar, their behavior in the induction of stereoselectivity in DA reactions is quite different. Our models, which substantially differ from those previously proposed in the literature, can also be adapted to other reactions in which this type of chiral auxiliaries is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezhana M Bakalova
- REQUIMTE, CQFB, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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124
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Domingo LR, Aurell MJ, Pérez P. Understanding the polar mechanism of the ene reaction. A DFT study. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7581-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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125
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de los Santos JM, Ignacio R, Es Sbai Z, Aparicio D, Palacios F. Hetero-Diels–Alder Reaction of Phosphorylated Nitroso Alkenes with Enol Ethers on Water: A Clean Approach Toward 1,2-Oxazine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7607-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501339c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M. de los Santos
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigaciones
y Estudios Avanzados “Lucio Lascaray”, Universidad del País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Roberto Ignacio
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigaciones
y Estudios Avanzados “Lucio Lascaray”, Universidad del País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Zouhair Es Sbai
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigaciones
y Estudios Avanzados “Lucio Lascaray”, Universidad del País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Domitila Aparicio
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigaciones
y Estudios Avanzados “Lucio Lascaray”, Universidad del País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigaciones
y Estudios Avanzados “Lucio Lascaray”, Universidad del País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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126
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Domingo LR, Aurell MJ, Pérez P. A DFT analysis of the participation of zwitterionic TACs in polar [3+2] cycloaddition reactions. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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127
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Gladow D, Doniz-Kettenmann S, Reissig HU. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Ethyl 2-Diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate to Alkynes and [1,5] Sigmatropic Rearrangements of the Resulting 3H-Pyrazoles: Synthesis of Mono-, Bis- and Tris(trifluoromethyl)-Substituted Pyrazoles. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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128
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Fernández I, Solà M, Bickelhaupt FM. Origin of Reactivity Trends of Noble Gas Endohedral Fullerenes Ng2@C60 (Ng = He to Xe). J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:3863-70. [PMID: 26588531 DOI: 10.1021/ct500444z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have computationally studied the factors governing the enhanced Diels-Alder reactivity of noble gas endohedral fullerenes Ng2@C60 when Ng = Ar, Kr, and Xe as compared to Ng = none, He, and Ne. To this end, we have employed the activation strain model of reactivity in combination with the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method in DFT calculations on the Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between Ng2@C60 and 1,3-butadiene. Our results indicate that when heavier noble gas dimers are introduced inside the C60 cage, dramatic effects on both the geometrical and electronic structure of the fullerenic cage occur leading to a remarkable enhanced interaction between the deformed reactants along the entire reaction coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University Nijmegen , Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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129
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Domingo LR, Pérez P. A quantum chemical topological analysis of the C-C bond formation in organic reactions involving cationic species. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14108-15. [PMID: 24901220 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01615g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ELF topological analysis of the ionic Diels-Alder (I-DA) reaction between the N,N-dimethyliminium cation and cyclopentadiene (Cp) has been performed in order to characterise the C-C single bond formation. The C-C bond formation begins in the short range of 2.00-1.96 Åvia a C-to-C pseudoradical coupling between the most electrophilic center of the iminium cation and one of the two most nucleophilic centers of Cp. The electron density of the pseudoradical center generated at the most electrophilic carbon of the iminium cation comes mainly from the global charge transfer which takes place along the reaction. Analysis of the global reactivity indices indicates that the very high electrophilic character of the iminium cation is responsible for the negative activation energy found in the gas phase. On the other hand, the analysis of the radical P(k)(o) Parr functions of the iminium cation, and the nucleophilic P(k)(-) Parr functions of Cp makes the characterisation of the most favourable two-center interaction along the formation of the C-C single bond possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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130
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Bondarchuk SV, Minaev BF. State-Dependent Global and Local Electrophilicity of the Aryl Cations. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3201-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501740p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Bondarchuk
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bogdan Khmelnitsky Cherkasy National University, Boulevard Shevchenko 81, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Boris F. Minaev
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Bogdan Khmelnitsky Cherkasy National University, Boulevard Shevchenko 81, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine
- Department
of Chemistry, Tomsk State University, Prospekt Lenina 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
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131
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Selim KB, Martel A, Laurent MY, Lhoste J, Py S, Dujardin G. Enantioselective Ruthenium-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions between C-Carboalkoxy Ketonitrones and Methacrolein: Solvent Effect on Reaction Selectivity and Its Rational. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3414-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid B. Selim
- LUNAM Université du Maine, Institut Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS,
Faculté des Sciences, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Arnaud Martel
- LUNAM Université du Maine, Institut Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS,
Faculté des Sciences, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
| | - Mathieu Y. Laurent
- LUNAM Université du Maine, Institut Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS,
Faculté des Sciences, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
| | - Jérôme Lhoste
- LUNAM Université du Maine, Institut Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS,
Faculté des Sciences, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Py
- Département
de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR 5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Gilles Dujardin
- LUNAM Université du Maine, Institut Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS,
Faculté des Sciences, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
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132
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Fernández I, Bickelhaupt FM. The activation strain model and molecular orbital theory: understanding and designing chemical reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4953-67. [PMID: 24699791 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this Tutorial Review, we make the point that a true understanding of trends in reactivity (as opposed to measuring or simply computing them) requires a causal reactivity model. To this end, we present and discuss the Activation Strain Model (ASM). The ASM establishes the desired causal relationship between reaction barriers, on one hand, and the properties of reactants and characteristics of reaction mechanisms, on the other hand. In the ASM, the potential energy surface ΔE(ζ) along the reaction coordinate ζ is decomposed into the strain ΔEstrain(ζ) of the reactants that become increasingly deformed as the reaction proceeds, plus the interaction ΔEint(ζ) between these deformed reactants, i.e., ΔE(ζ) = ΔEstrain(ζ) + ΔEint(ζ). The ASM can be used in conjunction with any quantum chemical program. An analysis of the method and its application to problems in organic and organometallic chemistry illustrate the power of the ASM as a unifying concept and a tool for rational design of reactants and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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133
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Understanding the mechanisms of [3+2] cycloaddition reactions. The pseudoradical versus the zwitterionic mechanism. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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134
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Esseffar M, Jalal R, Aurell MJ, Domingo LR. A DFT study of the domino reactions between imidazole NHC, ketenimines and DMAD or MP acetylene derivatives yielding spiro-pyrroles. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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135
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Domingo LR, Aurell MJ, Sáez JA, Mekelleche SM. Understanding the mechanism of the Povarov reaction. A DFT study. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02916j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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136
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Domingo LR, Aurell MJ, Pérez P. The mechanism of ionic Diels–Alder reactions. A DFT study of the oxa-Povarov reaction. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47805j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Topological ELF analysis along these I-DA reactions indicates that both mechanisms present a similar C–C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R. Domingo
- Universidad de Valencia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria J. Aurell
- Universidad de Valencia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Universidad Andrés Bello
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica
- 8370146 Santiago, Chile
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137
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Sarotti AM. Unraveling polar Diels–Alder reactions with conceptual DFT analysis and the distortion/interaction model. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:187-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41628c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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138
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Schulze B, Schubert US. Beyond click chemistry – supramolecular interactions of 1,2,3-triazoles. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2522-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60386e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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139
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Domingo LR. A new C–C bond formation model based on the quantum chemical topology of electron density. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04280h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudodiradical structures and GEDT involved in the C–C single bond formation in non-polar, polar and ionic organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R. Domingo
- Universidad de Valencia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
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140
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Domingo LR, Sáez JA, Arnó M. A DFT study on the NHC catalysed Michael addition of enols to α,β-unsaturated acyl-azoliums. A base catalysed C–C bond-formation step. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:895-904. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41924j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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141
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Soto-Delgado J, Sáez JA, Tapia RA, Domingo LR. Theoretical study on the molecular mechanism of the [5 + 2] vs. [4 + 2] cyclization mediated by Lewis acid in the quinone system. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8357-65. [PMID: 24170110 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermal and Lewis acid (LA) catalyzed cyclizations of quinone 1 involved in the synthesis of Colombiasin A and Elipsaterosin B have been theoretically studied using DFT methods at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) computational level. B3LYP calculations suggest that the formal endo [4 + 2] cycloadduct allowing the synthesis of Colombiasin A is preferentially formed under thermal conditions, while in the presence of the BF3 LA catalyst the formal [5 + 2] cycloadduct is seen, allowing the synthesis of Elipsaterosin B. The BF3 LA catalyst not only accelerates the nucleophilic attack on the C2 carbon of the quinone framework through a more polar C-C bond formation, but also provokes a different electron density rearrangement along the nucleophilic attack favoring the subsequent C-C bond formation at the C4 carbon with the formation of the formal [5 + 2] cycloadduct. ELF bonding analysis along these cyclizations indicates that the C-C single bond formation takes place in the range of 1.91-2.1 Å by C-to-C coupling of two pseudoradical centers. Along the formation of the first C2-C9 single bond, these pseudoradical centers appear at one of the most electrophilic and at one of the most nucleophilic centers of quinone 1, C2 and C9 carbons, respectively. Analysis of the Parr functions suggests that although the most favorable electrophilic/nucleophilic interaction is that involving the C2 carbon of quinone and the C12 carbon of the butadiene framework, the intramolecular nature of the cyclization prevents the corresponding reactive channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Soto-Delgado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Casilla 306 Santiago, Chile.
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142
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Hirsch AKH, Reutenauer P, Le Moignan M, Ulrich S, Boul PJ, Harrowfield JM, Jarowski PD, Lehn JM. Theoretical and Structural Analysis of Long CC Bonds in the Adducts of Polycyanoethylene and Anthracene Derivatives and Their Connection to the Reversibility of Diels-Alder Reactions. Chemistry 2013; 20:1073-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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143
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Freindorf M, Sexton T, Kraka E, Cremer D. The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction of 1,3-dipole molecules with acetylene: an investigation with the unified reaction valley approach. Theor Chem Acc 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1423-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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144
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A density functional theory study of the regio- and stereoselectivity of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of C-methyl substituted pyrazinium-3-olates with methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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145
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Lin N, Forzato C, Berti F, Felluga F, Nitti P, Pitacco G, Coriani S. On the Absolute Configuration of Chiral 1,4-Dihydropyridazines Synthesized by Organocatalysed Reactions. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11670-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401343y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , 250100 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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146
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Monleón A, Blay G, Domingo LR, Muñoz MC, Pedro JR. Synthesis of Densely Functionalised 5-Halogen-1,3-oxazin-2-ones by Halogen-Mediated Regioselective Cyclisation ofN-Cbz-Protected Propargylic Amines: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2013; 19:14852-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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147
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Kalyanam N, Rapole KR, Rajendran R, Majeed M. A novel reaction cascade leading to a spontaneous intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition through simultaneous generation of 1,3-dipole and dipolarophile. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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148
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149
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García-Mera X, Alves MJ, Goth A, do Vale ML, Rodríguez-Borges JE. Highly stereoselective cycloadditions of Danishefsky's diene to (−)-8-phenylmenthyl and (+)-8-phenylneomenthyl glyoxylate N-phenylethylimines. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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150
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Yanagisawa A, Yoshida K. Development of Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Organotin-Alkoxide Reagents. CHEM REC 2013; 13:117-27. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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