1
|
Monreal-Corona R, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Pla-Quintana A, Poater A. Unveiling the Reaction Mechanisms of the Synthesis and the Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400069. [PMID: 38358389 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Given its wide variety of applications in the pharmaceutical industry, the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines has been extensively studied since the beginning of the last century. Here, we disclose the mechanism for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines by means of the Ortoleva-King reaction. We also reveal the reaction pathway leading to the formation of a iodinated byproduct, demonstrating the challenge of preventing the formation of such a byproduct because of the low energy barrier to access it. Moreover, quantum chemistry tools were employed to investigate the mechanism of intramolecular proton transfer in the excited state, and connections with aromaticity were explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Monreal-Corona
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anton J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu S, Zhang H, Xu J, Suo W, Lu CS, Tu D, Guo X, Poater J, Solà M, Yan H. Photoinduced Selective B-H Activation of nido-Carboranes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7791-7802. [PMID: 38461434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of new synthetic methods for B-H bond activation has been an important research area in boron cluster chemistry, which may provide opportunities to broaden the application scope of boron clusters. Herein, we present a new reaction strategy for the direct site-selective B-H functionalization of nido-carboranes initiated by photoinduced cage activation via a noncovalent cage···π interaction. As a result, the nido-carborane cage radical is generated through a single electron transfer from the 3D nido-carborane cage to a 2D photocatalyst upon irradiation with green light. The resulting transient nido-carborane cage radical could be directly probed by an advanced time-resolved EPR technique. In air, the subsequent transformations of the active nido-carborane cage radical have led to efficient and selective B-N, B-S, and B-Se couplings in the presence of N-heterocycles, imines, thioethers, thioamides, and selenium ethers. This protocol also facilitates both the late-stage modification of drugs and the synthesis of nido-carborane-based drug candidates for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiqun Suo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Deshuang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingwei Guo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Castanyer C, Pla-Quintana A, Roglans A, Artigas A, Solà M. Unveiling the regioselectivity of rhodium(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions for open-cage C 70 production. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:272-279. [PMID: 38379734 PMCID: PMC10877076 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The regioselective functionalization of fullerenes holds significant promise for applications in the fields of medicinal chemistry, materials science, and photovoltaics. In this study, we investigate the regioselectivity of the rhodium(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between diynes and C70 as a novel procedure for generating C70 bis(fulleroid) derivatives. The aim is to shed light on the regioselectivity of the process through both experimental and computational approaches. In addition, the photooxidation of one of the C-C double bonds in the synthesized bis(fulleroids) affords open-cage C70 derivatives having a 12-membered ring opening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Castanyer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anna Roglans
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| | - Albert Artigas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Azevedo Santos L, Trujillo-González DE, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Bickelhaupt FM, Solà M. Stabilization of Diborynes versus Destabilization of Diborenes by Coordination of Lewis Bases: Unravelling the Dichotomy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303185. [PMID: 37870211 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
We have quantum chemically investigated the boron-boron bonds in B2 , diborynes B2 L2 , and diborenes B2 H2 L2 (L=none, OH2 , NH3 ) using dispersion-corrected relativistic density functional theory at ZORA-BLYP-D3(BJ)/TZ2P. B2 has effectively a single B-B bond provided by two half π bonds, whereas B2 H2 has effectively a double B=B bond provided by two half π bonds and one σ 2p-2p bond. This different electronic structure causes B2 and B2 H2 to react differently to the addition of ligands. Thus, in B2 L2 , electron-donating ligands shorten and strengthen the boron-boron bond whereas, in B2 H2 L2 , they lengthen and weaken the boron-boron bond. The aforementioned variations in boron-boron bond length and strength become more pronounced as the Lewis basicity of the ligands L increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Azevedo Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel E Trujillo-González
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Unversidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P. 36050, Gto., Mexico
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Oscar C Jiménez-Halla
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Unversidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P. 36050, Gto., Mexico
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leyva-Parra L, Pino-Rios R, Inostroza D, Solà M, Alonso M, Tiznado W. Aromaticity and Magnetic Behavior in Benzenoids: Unraveling Ring Current Combinations. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302415. [PMID: 37955853 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, an active research topic is the connection between Clar's rule, aromaticity, and magnetic properties of polycyclic benzenoid hydrocarbons. In the present work, we employ a meticulous magnetically induced current density analysis to define the net current flowing through any cyclic circuit, connecting it to aromaticity based on the ring current concept. Our investigation reveals that the analyzed polycyclic systems display a prominent global ring current, contrasting with subdued semi-local and local ring currents. These patterns align with Clar's aromatic π-sextets only in cases where migrating π-sextet structures are invoked. The results of this study will enrich our comprehension of aromaticity and magnetic behavior in such systems, offering significant insights into coexisting ring current circuits in these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Leyva-Parra
- Centro de Química Teórica & Computacional (CQT&C), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Instituto de Estudios de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, 1100000, Chile
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, 1100000, Chile
| | - Diego Inostroza
- Centro de Química Teórica & Computacional (CQT&C), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis, Departament of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M Aurèlia Campmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Departament of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - William Tiznado
- Centro de Química Teórica & Computacional (CQT&C), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Inclusion Complexes of Carbon Nanohoops. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:37-46. [PMID: 38103043 PMCID: PMC10765372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusPhotoinduced electron transfer (PET) in carbon materials is a process of great importance in light energy conversion. Carbon materials, such as fullerenes, graphene flakes, carbon nanotubes, and cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs), have unusual electronic properties that make them interesting objects for PET research. These materials can be used as electron-hole transport layers, electrode materials, or passivation additives in photovoltaic devices. Moreover, their appropriate combination opens up new possibilities for constructing photoactive supramolecular systems with efficient charge transfer between the donor and acceptor parts. CPPs build a class of molecules consisting of para-linked phenylene rings. CPPs and their numerous derivatives are appealing building blocks in supramolecular chemistry, acting as suitable concave receptors with strong host-guest interactions for the convex surfaces of fullerenes. Efficient PET in donor-acceptor systems can be observed when charge separation occurs faster than charge recombination. This Account focuses on selected inclusion complexes of carbon nanohoops studied by our group. We modeled charge separation and charge recombination in both previously synthesized and computationally designed complexes to identify how various modifications of host and guest molecules affect the PET efficiency in these systems. A consistent computational protocol we used includes a time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) formalism with the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) and CAM-B3LYP functional to carry out excited state calculations and the nonadiabatic electron transfer theory to estimate electron-transfer rates. We show how the photophysical properties of carbon nanohoops can be modified by incorporating additional π-conjugated fragments and antiaromatic units, multiple fluorine substitutions, and extending the overall π-electron system. Incorporating π-conjugated groups or linkers is accompanied by the appearance of new charge transfer states. Perfluorination of the nanohoops radically changes their role in charge separation from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. Vacancy defects in π-extended nanohoops are shown to hinder PET between host and guest molecules, while large fully conjugated π-systems improve the electron-donor properties of nanohoops. We also highlight the role of antiaromatic structural units in tuning the electronic properties of nanohoops. Depending on the aromaticity degree of monomeric units in nanohoops, the direction of electron transfer in their complexes with C60 fullerene can be altered. Nanohoops with aromatic units usually act as electron donors, while those with antiaromatic monomers serve as electron acceptors. Finally, we discuss why charged fullerenes are better electron acceptors than neutral C60 and how the charge location allows for the design of more efficient donor-acceptor systems with an unusual hypsochromic shift of the charge transfer band in polar solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anton J. Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mehdizadeh M, Karkhaneh F, Nekoomanesh M, Sadjadi S, Emami M, Teimoury H, Salimi M, Solà M, Poater A, Bahri-Laleh N, Posada-Pérez S. Influence of the Ethanol Content of Adduct on the Comonomer Incorporation of Related Ziegler-Natta Catalysts in Propylene (Co)polymerizations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4476. [PMID: 38231935 PMCID: PMC10708330 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the ethanol content of adducts on the catalytic behavior of related Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalysts in propylene homo- and copolymerizations (with 1-hexene comonomer) in terms of activity, isotacticity, H2 response, and comonomer incorporation. For this purpose, three MgCl2.nEtOH adducts with n values of 0.7, 1.2, and 2.8 were synthesized and used in the synthesis of related ZN catalysts. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized using XRD, BET, SEM, EDX, N2 adsorption-desorption, and DFT techniques. Additionally, the microstructure of the synthesized (co)polymers was distinguished via DSC, SSA, and TREF techniques. Their activity was found to enhance with the adduct's ethanol content in both homo- and copolymerization experiments, and the increase was more pronounced in homopolymerization reactions in the absence of H2. Furthermore, the catalyst with the highest ethanol content provided a copolymer with a lower isotacticity index, a shorter meso sequence length, and a more uniform distribution of comonomer within the chains. These results were attributed to the higher total surface area and Ti content of the corresponding catalyst, as well as its lower average pore diameter, a larger proportion of large pores compared to the other two catalysts, and its spherical open bud morphology. It affirms the importance of catalyst/support ethanol-content control during the preparation process. Then, molecular simulation was employed to shed light on the iso-specificity of the polypropylene produced via synthesized catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Mehdizadeh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Fereshteh Karkhaneh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Mehdi Nekoomanesh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Samahe Sadjadi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Mehrsa Emami
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - HamidReza Teimoury
- Research & Development Center, Kermanshah Polymer Company, Kermanshah 14965/115, Iran; (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Mehrdad Salimi
- Research & Development Center, Kermanshah Polymer Company, Kermanshah 14965/115, Iran; (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Naeimeh Bahri-Laleh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Sergio Posada-Pérez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nakanishi K, Lugo-Fuentes LI, Manabe J, Guo R, Kikkawa S, Yamazoe S, Komaguchi K, Kume S, Szczepanik DW, Solà M, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Nishihara S, Kubo K, Nakamoto M, Yamamoto Y, Mizuta T, Shang R. Redox Activity of Ir III Complexes with Multidentate Ligands Based on Dipyrido-Annulated N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Access to High Valent and High Spin State with Carbon Donors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302303. [PMID: 37553318 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic strategies to access high-valent iridium complexes usually require use of π donating ligands bearing electronegative atoms (e. g. amide or oxide) or σ donating electropositive atoms (e. g. boryl or hydride). Besides the η5 -(methyl)cyclopentadienyl derivatives, high-valent η1 carbon-ligated iridium complexes are challenging to synthesize. To meet this challenge, this work reports the oxidation behavior of an all-carbon-ligated anionic bis(CCC-pincer) IrIII complex. Being both σ and π donating, the diaryl dipyrido-annulated N-heterocyclic carbene (dpa-NHC) IrIII complex allowed a stepwise 4e- oxidation sequence. The first 2e- oxidation led to an oxidative coupling of two adjacent aryl groups, resulting in formation of a cationic chiral IrIII complex bearing a CCCC-tetradentate ligand. A further 2e- oxidation allowed isolation of a high-valent tricationic complex with a triplet ground state. These results close a synthetic gap for carbon-ligated iridium complexes and demonstrate the electronic tuning potential of organic π ligands for unusual electronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Leonardo I Lugo-Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jun Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ronghao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Soichi Kikkawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kenji Komaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Shoko Kume
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- K. Guminski Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa, 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Oscar C Jimenez-Halla
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Sadafumi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
George G, Stasyuk OA, Solà M, Stasyuk AJ. A step towards rational design of carbon nanobelts with tunable electronic properties. Nanoscale 2023; 15:17373-17385. [PMID: 37791958 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Belt-shaped aromatic compounds are among the most attractive classes of radial π-conjugated nanocarbon molecules with unique physical and chemical properties. In this work, we computationally studied a number of all-carbon and heteroatom-bridged nanobelts, as well as their inclusion complexes with fullerene C60. Our results provide a useful guide for modulating the electronic properties of the nanobelts. An in-depth analysis of the ground and excited state properties of their complexes has allowed us to establish structure-property relationships and propose simple principles for the design of nanobelts with improved electron-donating properties suitable for photovoltaic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G George
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Poater J, Escayola S, Poater A, Teixidor F, Ottosson H, Viñas C, Solà M. Single─Not Double─3D-Aromaticity in an Oxidized Closo Icosahedral Dodecaiodo-Dodecaborate Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22527-22538. [PMID: 37728951 PMCID: PMC10591335 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
3D-aromatic molecules with (distorted) tetrahedral, octahedral, or spherical structures are much less common than typical 2D-aromatic species or even 2D-aromatic-in-3D systems. Closo boranes, [BnHn]2- (5 ≤ n ≤ 14) and carboranes are examples of compounds that are singly 3D-aromatic, and we now explore if there are species that are doubly 3D-aromatic. The most widely known example of a species with double 2D-aromaticity is the hexaiodobenzene dication, [C6I6]2+. This species shows π-aromaticity in the benzene ring and σ-aromaticity in the outer ring formed by the iodine substituents. Inspired by the hexaiodobenzene dication example, in this work, we explore the potential for double 3D-aromaticity in [B12I12]0/2+. Our results based on magnetic and electronic descriptors of aromaticity together with 11B{1H} NMR experimental spectra of boron-iodinated o-carboranes suggest that these two oxidized forms of a closo icosahedral dodecaiodo-dodecaborate cluster, [B12I12] and [B12I12]2+, behave as doubly 3D-aromatic compounds. However, an evaluation of the energetic contribution of the potential double 3D-aromaticity through homodesmotic reactions shows that delocalization in the I12 shell, in contrast to the 10σ-electron I62+ ring in the hexaiodobenzene dication, does not contribute to any stabilization of the system. Therefore, the [B12I12]0/2+ species cannot be considered as doubly 3D-aromatic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Poater
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís
Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Escayola
- Departament
de Química, Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Departament
de Química, Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751
20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Departament
de Química, Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Trujillo-González DE, González-García G, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Solà M. Beryllium compounds for the carbon-halogen bond activation of phenyl halides: the role of non-innocent ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13068-13078. [PMID: 37700680 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02251j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Beryllium is a metallomimetic main-group element, i.e., it behaves similarly to transition metals (TMs) in some bond activation processes. To investigate the ability of Be compounds to activate C-X bonds (X = F-I), we have computationally investigated, using DFT methods, the reaction of (CAAC)2Be (CAAC = 1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene) and a series of five-membered heterocyclic beryllium bidentate ligands with phenyl halides. We have analysed all plausible reaction mechanisms and our results show that, after the initial C-X oxidative addition, migration of the phenyl group occurs towards the less electronegative heteroatom. Our theoretical study highlights the important role of bidentate non-innocent ligands in providing the required electrons for the initial Ph-X oxidative addition. In contrast, the monodentate ligand, CAAC, does not favour this oxidative addition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Trujillo-González
- Departamento de Química, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, CP 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico.
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Gerardo González-García
- Departamento de Química, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, CP 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico.
| | - J Oscar C Jiménez-Halla
- Departamento de Química, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, CP 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico.
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Solà M, Fernández I, Merino G. Emerging frontiers in aromaticity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9628-9629. [PMID: 37736624 PMCID: PMC10510623 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc90163g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this themed collection, we embark on a captivating journey into the realm of aromaticity, a fundamental concept that has attracted chemists for nearly two centuries. This virtual collection offers a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the field, encompassing thirty manuscripts published in Chemical Science from 2021 to the present. Aromaticity, a concept with a rich history has undergone substantial evolution. Its significance transcends the boundaries of organic chemistry, expanding its influence into the domains of inorganic chemistry, organometallic chemistry, and materials science. This collection shows the dynamic nature of contemporary research within this fascinating field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Department de Química, Universitat de Girona C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69 Girona 17003 Catalonia Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex Mérida 97310 Yuc. Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Poater J, Viñas C, Escayola S, Solà M, Teixidor F. Pioneering the Power of Twin Bonds in a Revolutionary Double Bond Formation. Unveiling the True Identity of o-Carboryne as o-Carborene. Chemistry 2023:e202302448. [PMID: 37702301 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The homolytic elimination of two H atoms from two adjacent carbons in benzene results in the aromatic product o-benzyne. In a similar way, the homolytic elimination of two H atoms from the two adjacent carbons in 1,2-C2 B10 H12 results in the aromatic product o-carboryne. In this work, we provide experimental and computational evidences that despite the similarity of o-carboryne and o-benzyne, the nature of the C-C bond generated between two adjacent carbons that lose H atoms is different. While in o-benzyne the C-C bond behaves as a triple bond, in o-carboryne the C-C bond is a double bond. Therefore, we must stop naming 1,2-dehydro-o-carboryne as o-carboryne but instead call it o-carborene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sílvia Escayola
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Poater J, Vermeeren P, Hamlin TA, Bickelhaupt FM, Solà M. On the existence of collective interactions reinforcing the metal-ligand bond in organometallic compounds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3872. [PMID: 37400461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pascal Vermeeren
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Besalú-Sala P, Voityuk AA, Luis JM, Solà M. Effect of external electric fields in the charge transfer rates of donor-acceptor dyads: A straightforward computational evaluation. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:244111. [PMID: 37358217 DOI: 10.1063/5.0148941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a straightforward and low-cost computational protocol to estimate the variation of the charge transfer rate constant, kCT, in a molecular donor-acceptor caused by an external electric field. The proposed protocol also allows for determining the strength and direction of the field that maximize the kCT. The application of this external electric field results in up to a >4000-fold increase in the kCT for one of the systems studied. Our method allows the identification of field-induced charge-transfer processes that would not occur without the perturbation caused by an external electric field. In addition, the proposed protocol can be used to predict the effect on the kCT due to the presence of charged functional groups, which may allow for the rational design of more efficient donor-acceptor dyads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pau Besalú-Sala
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexander A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Radenković S, Solà M. Aromaticity of Osmaacenes in Their Lowest-Lying Singlet and Triplet States. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37270703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aromatic character of a series of osmaacenes in their lowest-lying singlet and triplet states was thoroughly examined by means of the magnetically induced current densities and multicentre delocalization indices (MCIs). Both employed approaches agree that the osmabenzene molecule (OsB) in the S0 state exhibits dominant π-Hückel-type aromatic character, with a small but nonnegligible amount of π-Craig-Möbius aromaticity. Contrary to benzene, which is antiaromatic in the T1 state, OsB preserves some of its aromaticity in the T1 state. In higher members of the osmaacene series in the S0 and T1 states, the central Os-containing ring becomes nonaromatic, acting as a barrier between the two side polyacenic units which, on the other hand, exhibit a significant extent of π-electron delocalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Radenković
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P. O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Merino G, Solà M, Fernández I, Foroutan-Nejad C, Lazzeretti P, Frenking G, Anderson HL, Sundholm D, Cossío FP, Petrukhina MA, Wu J, Wu JI, Restrepo A. Aromaticity: Quo Vadis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5569-5576. [PMID: 37265727 PMCID: PMC10231312 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04998h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromaticity is one of the most deeply rooted concepts in chemistry. But why, if two-thirds of existing compounds can be classified as aromatic, is there no consensus on what aromaticity is? σ-, π-, δ-, spherical, Möbius, or all-metal aromaticity… why are so many attributes needed to specify a property? Is aromaticity a dubious concept? This perspective aims to reflect where the aromaticity community is and where it is going.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Department de Química, Universitat de Girona C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69 Girona 17003 Catalonia Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Paolo Lazzeretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano 84084 SA Italy
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg Germany
| | | | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Fernando P Cossío
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Instituto de Innovaciónen Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián Spain
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany New York 12222 USA
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston Houston Texas 77204 USA
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia Calle 70 No. 52-21 050010 Medellín Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
George G, Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Excited state processes in supramolecular complexes of cyclic dibenzopyrrolopyrroles isomers with C60 fullerene. Chemistry 2023:e202300503. [PMID: 37002639 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
An approach to modulating the properties of carbon nanorings by incorporating pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole units is of particular interest due to the combined effect of heteroatom and antiaromatic character on electronic properties. The inclusion of units other than phenylene leads to the formation of stereoisomers. In this work, we computationally study how the spatial orientation of monomeric units in the ring affects the properties of cyclic dibenzopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles and their complexes with C60 fullerene. For [4]PP and [4]DHPP, the most symmetrical AAAA isomer is the most stable and forms stronger interactions with fullerene than the isomers where one or two monomeric units are flipped, mostly due to less Pauli repulsion. π-Electron delocalization in the monomeric unit is crucial for directing the electron transfer (from or to nanoring). The energy of excited states with charge transfer depends on the HOMO-LUMO gap, which varies from one stereoisomer to another only for [4]DHPP⊃C60 with aromatic 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole units. The rates of electron transfer and charge recombination reactions are relatively weakly dependent of the spatial isomerism of nanorings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gibu George
- Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi: Universitat de Girona Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona SPAIN
| | - Olga A. Stasyuk
- Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi: Universitat de Girona Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona SPAIN
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi: Universitat de Girona Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona SPAIN
| | - Antony J. Stasyuk
- Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi: Universitat de Girona Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona SPAIN
| | - Miquel Solà
- Universitat de Girona Institute of Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona SPAIN
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Posada-Pérez S, Vidal-López A, Solà M, Poater A. 2D carbon nitride as a support with single Cu, Ag, and Au atoms for carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8574-8582. [PMID: 36883855 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00392b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals is an important approach to recycling CO2. In this work, we have combined the most efficient metal catalysts for this reaction, namely Cu, Ag, and Au, as single-atom particles dispersed on a two-dimensional carbon nitride support, with the aim of exploring their performance in the CO2 reduction reaction. Here, we report density functional theory computations showing the effect of single metal-atom particles on the support. We found that bare carbon nitride needed a high overpotential to overcome the energy barrier for the first proton-electron transfer, while the second transfer was exergonic. The deposition of single metal atoms enhances the catalytic activity of the system as the first proton-electron transfer is favored in terms of energy, although strong binding energies were found for CO adsorption on Cu and Au single atoms. Our theoretical interpretations are consistent with the experimental evidence that the competitive H2 generation is favored due to the strong CO binding energies. Our computational study paves the road to finding suitable metals that catalyze the first proton-electron transfer in the carbon dioxide reduction reaction and produce reaction intermediates with moderate binding energies, promoting a spillover to the carbon nitride support and thereby serving as bifunctional electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Posada-Pérez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anna Vidal-López
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Monreal-Corona R, Solà M, Pla-Quintana A, Poater A. Stereoretentive Formation of Cyclobutanes from Pyrrolidines: Lessons Learned from DFT Studies of the Reaction Mechanism. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4619-4626. [PMID: 36940389 PMCID: PMC10088030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of cyclobutanes that possess an array of stereocenters in a contiguous fashion has attracted the wide interest of the synthetic community. Cyclobutanes can be generated from the contraction of pyrrolidines through the formation of 1,4-biradical intermediates. Little else is known about the reaction mechanism of this reaction. Here, we unveil the mechanism for this stereospecific synthesis of cyclobutanes by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The rate-determining step of this transformation corresponds to the release of N2 from the 1,1-diazene intermediate to form an open-shell singlet 1,4-biradical. The formation of the stereoretentive product is explained by the barrierless collapse of this open-shell singlet 1,4-biradical. The knowledge of the reaction mechanism is used to predict that the methodology could be amenable to the synthesis of [2]-ladderanes and bicyclic cyclobutanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Monreal-Corona
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Díaz-Cervantes E, Robles J, Solà M, Swart M. The peptide bond rupture mechanism in the serine proteases: an in silico study based on sequential scale models. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8043-8049. [PMID: 36876585 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04872h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of serine proteases for biochemical processes, we have studied the peptide bond rupture mechanism using three sequential scale models as representations of the KLK5 enzyme (a protein overexpressed in ovarian cancer). The first model contains the basic functional groups of the residues that conform to the catalytic triad present in serine proteases; the second model contains some additional residues and, finally, the last representation includes all atoms of the KLK5 protein together with 10.000 explicit water molecules. This separation into three scale models allows us to separate the intrinsic reactivity of the catalytic triad from the process taking place in the enzyme. The methodologies employed in this work include full DFT calculations with a dielectric continuum in the first two models and a multi-level setup with a Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) partition in the whole protein system. Our results show that the peptide-bond rupture mechanism is a stepwise process involving two proton transfer reactions. The rate-determining step is the second proton transfer from the imidazole group to the amidic nitrogen of the substrate. In addition, we find that the simplest model does not provide accurate results compared to the full protein system. This can be attributed to the electronic stabilization conferred by the residues around the reaction site. Interestingly, the energy profile obtained with the second scale model with additional residues shows the same trends as the full system and could therefore be considered an appropriate model system. It could be used for studying the peptide bond rupture mechanism in case full QM/MM calculations cannot be performed, or as a rapid tool for screening purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Díaz-Cervantes
- Departamento de Alimentos, Centro Interdisciplinario del Noreste, Universidad de Guanajuato, 37975 Tierra Blanca, Guanajuato, Mexico.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Juvencio Robles
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Gto. 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Marcel Swart
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain. .,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vila J, Solà M, Achard T, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Pla-Quintana A, Roglans A. Rh(I) Complexes with Hemilabile Thioether-Functionalized NHC Ligands as Catalysts for [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of 1,5-Bisallenes and Alkynes. ACS Catal 2023; 13:3201-3210. [PMID: 36910871 PMCID: PMC9990073 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,5-bisallenes and alkynes under the catalysis of Rh(I) with hemilabile thioether-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligands is described. This protocol effectively provides an entry to different trans-5,6-fused bicyclic systems with two exocyclic double bonds in the cyclohexene ring. The process is totally chemoselective with the two internal double bonds of the 1,5-bisallenes being involved in the cycloaddition. The complete mechanism of this transformation as well as the preference for the trans-fusion over the cis-fusion has been rationalized by density functional theory calculations. The reaction follows a typical [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition mechanism. The oxidative addition takes place between the alkyne and one of the allenes and it is when the second allene is inserted into the rhodacyclopentene that the trans-fusion is generated. Remarkably, the hemilabile character of the sulfur atom in the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand modulates the electron density in key intermediates, facilitating the overall transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vila
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona (UdG), C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona, 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona (UdG), C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona, 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| | - Thierry Achard
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, UMR7504, 23 Rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, UMR7504, 23 Rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona (UdG), C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona, 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anna Roglans
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona (UdG), C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona, 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun F, Tan S, Cao HJ, Lu CS, Tu D, Poater J, Solà M, Yan H. Facile Construction of New Hybrid Conjugation via Boron Cage Extension. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3577-3587. [PMID: 36744315 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic polycyclic systems have been extensively utilized as structural subunits for the preparation of various functional molecules. Currently, aromatics-based polycyclic systems are predominantly generated from the extension of two-dimensional (2D) aromatic rings. In contrast, polycyclic compounds based on the extension of three-dimensional (3D) aromatics such as boron clusters are less studied. Here, we report three types of boron cluster-cored tricyclic molecular systems, which are constructed from a 2D aromatic ring, a 3D aromatic nido-carborane, and an alkyne. These new tricyclic compounds can be facilely accessed by Pd-catalyzed B-H activation and the subsequent cascade heteroannulation of carborane and pyridine with an alkyne in an isolated yield of up to 85% under mild conditions without any additives. Computational results indicate that the newly generated ring from the fusion of the 3D carborane, the 2D pyridyl ring, and an alkyne is non-aromatic. However, such fusion not only leads to a 1H chemical shift considerably downfield shifted owing to the strong diatropic ring current of the embedded carborane but also devotes to new/improved physicochemical properties including increased thermal stability, the emergence of a new absorption band, and a largely red-shifted emission band and enhanced emission efficiency. Besides, a number of bright, color-tunable solid emitters spanning over all visible light are obtained with absolute luminescence efficiency of up to 61%, in contrast to aggregation-caused emission quenching of, e.g., Rhodamine B containing a 2D-aromatics-fused structure. This work demonstrates that the new hybrid conjugated tricyclic systems might be promising structural scaffolds for the construction of functional molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuaimin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hou-Ji Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Deshuang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sabater E, Solà M, Salvador P, Andrada DM. Cage-size effects on the encapsulation of P 2 by fullerenes. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:268-277. [PMID: 35546081 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The classic pnictogen dichotomy stands for the great contrast between triply bonding very stable N2 molecules and its heavier congeners, which appear as dimers or oligomers. A banner example involves phosphorus as it occurs in nature as P4 instead of P2 , given its weak π-bonds or strong σ-bonds. The P2 synthetic value has brought Lewis bases and metal coordination stabilization strategies. Herein, we discuss the unrealized encapsulation alternative using the well-known fullerenes' capability to form endohedral and stabilize otherwise unstable molecules. We chose the most stable fullerene structures from Cn (n = 50, 60, 70, 80) and experimentally relevant from Cn (n = 90 and 100) to computationally study the thermodynamics and the geometrical consequences of encapsulating P2 inside the fullerene cages. Given the size differences between P2 and P4 , we show that the fullerenes C70 -C100 are suitable cages to side exclude P4 and host only one molecule of P2 with an intact triple bond. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the process is favorable, overcoming the dimerization energy. Additionally, we have evaluated the host-guest interaction to explain the origins of their stability using energy decomposition analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enric Sabater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Heitkämper J, Posada S, Escayola S, Solà M, Kästner J, Poater A. A non expected alternative Ni(0) Species in the Ni-Catalytic Aldehyde and Alcohol Arylation Reactions Facilitated by a 1,5-Diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane Ligand. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300193. [PMID: 36688254 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
For decades there were many attempts to dispense with stoichiometric amounts of metal reagents for the synthesis of secondary alcohols. In 2021, the synthetic results of Newman and collaborators pioneered a synthesis still with metals, but not as reactants, but as catalytic engines. Here is a description by means of Density Functional Theory calculations of how this process can occur, and an attempt is made to shed light on the mechanism that facilitates the attainment of secondary alcohols, emphasizing the eternal cross-coupling debate of whether the catalytically active species is Ni(0) or they are really taking shortcuts following the course of Ni(II). Effective Orbital analyses give a clear picture. In addition, this paper gives insight into not only the nature of the ligands of the metal catalyst, but also the role of the base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Heitkämper
- Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Theoretische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Sergio Posada
- Universitat de Girona, Departament de Química, SPAIN
| | | | - Miquel Solà
- Universitat de Girona, Departament de Química, SPAIN
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Universitat Stuttgart, Institut für Theoretische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Albert Poater
- Universitat de Girona, Chemistry Department, Campus de Montilivi sn, 17071, Girona, SPAIN
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
George G, Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Aromaticity controls the excited-state properties of host-guest complexes of nanohoops. Nanoscale 2023; 15:1221-1229. [PMID: 36537223 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated organic molecules have exciting applications as materials for batteries, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, etc. Among these systems, antiaromatic compounds are of particular interest because of their smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap compared to aromatic compounds. A small HOMO-LUMO gap is expected to facilitate charge transfer in the systems. Here we report the ground and excited-state properties of two model nanohoops that are nitrogen-doped analogs of recently synthesized [4]cyclodibenzopentalenes - tetramers of benzene-fused aromatic 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole ([4]DHPP) and antiaromatic pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole ([4]PP). Their complexes with C60 fullerene show different behavior upon photoexcitation, depending on the degree of aromaticity. [4]DHPP acts as an electron donor, whereas [4]PP is a stronger electron acceptor than C60. The ultrafast charge separation combined with the slow charge recombination that we found for [4]PP⊃C60 indicates a long lifetime of the charge transfer state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G George
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Trujillo-González DE, González-García G, Hamlin TA, Bickelhaupt FM, Braunschweig H, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Solà M. The Search for Enhanced σ‐Donor Ligands to Stabilize Boron‐Boron Multiple Bonds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling 1081 HV Amsterdam NETHERLANDS
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam NETHERLANDS
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Chemical Sciences 97074 Würzburg GERMANY
| | | | - Miquel Solà
- Universitat de Girona Institute of Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona SPAIN
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Deportós J, Salcedo-Pujantell MT, Lafuente-Carrasco S, Solà M, Cordero-Ramajo JA, Moragas G. Selective internal radiotherapy with microspheres labeled with 166Ho as a bridge technique to surgery in a giant hepatic adenoma. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2023; 42:53-55. [PMID: 36152986 DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Deportós
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M T Salcedo-Pujantell
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Lafuente-Carrasco
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Solà
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Cordero-Ramajo
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Moragas
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ottosson H, Durbeej B, Solà M. Excited‐state aromaticity and antiaromaticity special issue. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFM Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Girona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
García-Rodeja Y, Feixas F, Matito E, Solà M. Three-centre electron sharing indices (3c-ESIs) as a tool to differentiate among (an)agostic interactions and hydrogen bonds in transition metal complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29333-29337. [PMID: 36472153 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The agostic bond plays an important role in chemistry, not only in transition metal chemistry but also in main group chemistry. In some complexes with M⋯H-X (X = C, N) interactions, differentiation among agostic, anagostic, and hydrogen bonds is challenging. Here we propose the use of three-centre electron sharing indices to classify M⋯H-X (X = C, N) interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yago García-Rodeja
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Ferran Feixas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Eduard Matito
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shaikh AR, Posada-Pérez S, Brotons-Rufes A, Pajski JJ, Vajiha, Kumar G, Mateen A, Poater A, Solà M, Chawla M, Cavallo L. Selective absorption of H2S and CO2 by azole based protic ionic liquids: A combined density functional theory and molecular dynamics study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
32
|
Solà M, Bickelhaupt FM. Particle on a Ring Model for Teaching the Origin of the Aromatic Stabilization Energy and the Hückel and Baird Rules. J Chem Educ 2022; 99:3497-3501. [PMID: 36246423 PMCID: PMC9558373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Simple mathematical models can serve to reveal the essence of experimental phenomena and scientific concepts. The particle in a box (PIB), for example, is widely used in undergraduate programs to teach the quantum mechanical principles behind the UV-vis spectra of conjugated polyenes and polyynes. In this work, the particle on a ring (POR) and the PIB models are used to elucidate the concept of aromaticity in Introductory Chemistry courses. Thus, we explain the origin of the aromatic stabilization energy, Hückel's rule, and Baird's rule. Besides applications, the limitations of the POR and PIB models are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Solà
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, VU University, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud
University, Heyendaalseweg
135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sanluis-Verdes A, Colomer-Vidal P, Rodriguez-Ventura F, Bello-Villarino M, Spinola-Amilibia M, Ruiz-Lopez E, Illanes-Vicioso R, Castroviejo P, Aiese Cigliano R, Montoya M, Falabella P, Pesquera C, Gonzalez-Legarreta L, Arias-Palomo E, Solà M, Torroba T, Arias CF, Bertocchini F. Wax worm saliva and the enzymes therein are the key to polyethylene degradation by Galleria mellonella. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5568. [PMID: 36195604 PMCID: PMC9532405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic degradation by biological systems with re-utilization of the by-products could be a future solution to the global threat of plastic waste accumulation. Here, we report that the saliva of Galleria mellonella larvae (wax worms) is capable of oxidizing and depolymerizing polyethylene (PE), one of the most produced and sturdy polyolefin-derived plastics. This effect is achieved after a few hours’ exposure at room temperature under physiological conditions (neutral pH). The wax worm saliva can overcome the bottleneck step in PE biodegradation, namely the initial oxidation step. Within the saliva, we identify two enzymes, belonging to the phenol oxidase family, that can reproduce the same effect. To the best of our knowledge, these enzymes are the first animal enzymes with this capability, opening the way to potential solutions for plastic waste management through bio-recycling/up-cycling. The crucial first step in the biodegradation of polyethylene plastic is oxidation of the polymer. This has traditionally required abiotic pre-treatment, but now Bertocchini and colleagues report two wax worm enzymes capable of catalyzing this oxidation and subsequent degradation at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sanluis-Verdes
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-Margarita Salas (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Colomer-Vidal
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-Margarita Salas (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Rodriguez-Ventura
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-Margarita Salas (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Bello-Villarino
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-Margarita Salas (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - E Ruiz-Lopez
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB)-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Illanes-Vicioso
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB)-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Castroviejo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and PCT, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | | | - M Montoya
- CIB-CSIC, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - C Pesquera
- Department of Chemistry and Process & Resource Engineering, Inorganic Chemistry Group-University of Cantabria, Nanomedicine-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - L Gonzalez-Legarreta
- Department of Chemistry and Process & Resource Engineering, Inorganic Chemistry Group-University of Cantabria, Nanomedicine-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - E Arias-Palomo
- CIB-CSIC, Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Solà
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB)-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Torroba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and PCT, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - C F Arias
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-Margarita Salas (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Bertocchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-Margarita Salas (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Escayola S, Proos Vedin N, Poater A, Ottosson H, Solà M. In the quest of Hückel‐Hückel and Hückel‐Baird double aromatic tropylium (tri)cation and anion derivatives. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Escayola
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona Girona Catalonia Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Donostia Euskadi Spain
| | | | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry ‐ Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona Girona Catalonia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Asadi Z, Sadjadi S, Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi M, Posada‐Pérez S, Solà M, Bahri‐Laleh N, Poater A. Lubricant hydrogenation over a functionalized clay‐based Pd catalyst: A combined computational and experimental study. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Asadi
- Polymerization Engineering Department Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | - Samahe Sadjadi
- Gas Conversion Department, Faculty of Petrochemicals Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
| | | | - Sergio Posada‐Pérez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Naeimeh Bahri‐Laleh
- Polymerization Engineering Department Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona Girona Catalonia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Poater J, Viñas C, Solà M, Teixidor F. 3D and 2D aromatic units behave like oil and water in the case of benzocarborane derivatives. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3844. [PMID: 35788134 PMCID: PMC9253344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of 2D/2D and 3D/3D aromatic fusions that keep their aromaticity in the fused compounds have been synthesized. In addition, we have previously proven the electronic relationship between the 3D aromaticity of boron hydrides and the 2D aromaticity of PAHs. Here we report the possible existence of 3D/2D aromatic fusions that retain the whole aromaticity of the two units. Our conclusion is that such a 3D/2D aromatic combination is not possible due to the ineffective overlap between the π-MOs of the planar species and the n + 1 molecular orbitals in the aromatic cage that deter an effective electronic delocalization between the two fused units. We have also proven the necessary conditions for 3D/3D fusions to take place, and how aromaticity of each unit is decreased in 2D/2D and 3D/3D fusions. 2D/2D fusion of aromatic halves leading to a global aromatic is found in many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas 2D/3D aromaticity is difficult to achieve. Here the authors report a computational chemistry investigation showing that 3D/2D aromatic combination is not possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Đorđević S, Solà M, Radenković S. Aromaticity of Singlet and Triplet Boron Disk-like Clusters: A Test for Electron Counting Aromaticity Rules. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10116-10125. [PMID: 35737864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Boron clusters are polyhedral boron-containing structures that have unique features and properties. The disk-like boron clusters are among the most fascinating boron cluster forms. These clusters have a molecular orbital (MO) distribution similar to the one derived from the simple particle-on-a-disk model. In this model, the MOs come in pairs except for m = 0. Disk-like boron clusters in their singlet ground state are aromatic when they reach a closed-shell structure. One could expect that disk-like aromatic boron clusters in the singlet state, when acquiring or releasing two electrons, may also be aromatic in the lowest-lying triplet state. We use magnetically induced current densities and bond current strengths to analyze the aromatic character of a series of disk-like boron clusters. Our results show that, with the exception of triplet 3B19-, the disk-like boron clusters follow Hückel and Baird's rules if one considers the different MOs grouped by their symmetry. We also found that if the lowest-lying triplet state in disk-like boron clusters is aromatic, this triplet state is the ground state for this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Đorđević
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O. Box 60, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Slavko Radenković
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O. Box 60, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Poater J, Viñas C, Olid D, Solà M, Teixidor F. Aromaticity and Extrusion of Benzenoids Linked to [o-COSAN] - : Clar Has the Answer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200672. [PMID: 35176201 PMCID: PMC9310775 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Benzene and pyrene can be synthetically linked to [o-COSAN]- keeping their aromaticity. In contrast, naphthalene and anthracene are extruded in the same reaction. We have proven that extrusion is only favorable if the number of Clar's π-sextets remains constant. Thus, Clar has the answer to whether an attached polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon to [o-COSAN]- is extruded or not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David Olid
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Stasyuk OA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Voityuk AA. The hunter falls prey: photoinduced oxidation of C60 in inclusion complex with perfluorocycloparaphenylene. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200226. [PMID: 35587716 PMCID: PMC9540460 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorocycloparaphenylenes (PFCPPs) are cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) in which all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms. Like CPPs, PFCPPs are highly strained, hoop‐shaped π‐conjugated molecules. In this article, we report a computational modeling of photoinduced electron transfer processes in the inclusion complex of PF[10]CPP with C60 fullerene. Its unique feature is the favorable electron transfer from C60 to the host molecule. The photooxidation of C60 is predicted to occur on a sub‐nanosecond timescale. The PF[10]CPP⊃C60 dyad is the first nanoring‐fullerene complex in which C60 acts as an electron donor in the photoinduced charge separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O A Stasyuk
- Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi: Universitat de Girona, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, SPAIN
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi: Universitat de Girona, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, SPAIN
| | - Miquel Solà
- Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi: Universitat de Girona, Institute of Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, SPAIN
| | - Alexander A Voityuk
- Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi: Universitat de Girona, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, SPAIN
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
El Bakouri O, Szczepanik DW, Jorner K, Ayub R, Bultinck P, Solà M, Ottosson H. Three-Dimensional Fully π-Conjugated Macrocycles: When 3D-Aromatic and When 2D-Aromatic-in-3D? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8560-8575. [PMID: 35523019 PMCID: PMC9121391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Several fully π-conjugated
macrocycles with puckered or cage-type
structures were recently found to exhibit aromatic character according
to both experiments and computations. We examine their electronic
structures and put them in relation to 3D-aromatic molecules (e.g., closo-boranes) and to 2D-aromatic
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Using qualitative theory combined
with quantum chemical calculations, we find that the macrocycles explored
hitherto should be described as 2D-aromatic with three-dimensional
molecular structures (abbr. 2D-aromatic-in-3D) and not as truly 3D-aromatic.
3D-aromatic molecules have highly symmetric structures (or nearly
so), leading to (at least) triply degenerate molecular orbitals, and
for tetrahedral or octahedral molecules, an aromatic closed-shell
electronic structure with 6n + 2 electrons. Conversely,
2D-aromatic-in-3D structures exhibit aromaticity that results from
the fulfillment of Hückel’s 4n + 2
rule for each macrocyclic path, yet their π-electron counts
are coincidentally 6n + 2 numbers for macrocycles
with three tethers of equal lengths. It is notable that 2D-aromatic-in-3D
macrocyclic cages can be aromatic with tethers of different lengths, i.e., with π-electron counts different from 6n + 2, and they are related to naphthalene. Finally, we
identify tetrahedral and cubic π-conjugated molecules that fulfill
the 6n + 2 rule and exhibit significant electron
delocalization. Yet, their properties resemble those of analogous
compounds with electron counts that differ from 6n + 2. Thus, despite the fact that these molecules show substantial
π-electron delocalization, they cannot be classified as true
3D-aromatics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain.,K. Guminski Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Kjell Jorner
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | - Patrick Bultinck
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gimferrer M, Joly N, Escayola S, Viñas E, Gaillard S, Solà M, Renaud JL, Salvador P, Poater A. Knölker Iron Catalysts for Hydrogenation Revisited: A Nonspectator Solvent and Fine-Tuning. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Gimferrer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nicolas Joly
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sílvia Escayola
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Eduard Viñas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Renaud
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma̲ Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stasyuk OA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Nitrogen-doped molecular bowls as electron donors in photoinduced electron transfer reactions. Nanoscale Adv 2022; 4:2180-2188. [PMID: 36133447 PMCID: PMC9418722 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00150k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the chemistry of curved π-conjugated molecules has experienced a sharp rise. The inclusion of a heteroatom in the carbon network significantly affects its semiconducting properties. In this work, we computationally study the photoinduced electron transfer in a series of C60 fullerene complexes with experimentally established nitrogen-doped molecular bowls. Our results demonstrate that introducing nitrogen into pentagonal rings of the bowl-shaped π-conjugated molecules and extending the π-conjugation can modulate their electron-transfer properties. Among the studied complexes, the hub-NCor⊃C60 complex exhibits the most desirable combination of ultrafast charge separation and slow charge recombination, suggesting its potential use in photovoltaics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Poater J, Viñas C, Olid D, Solà M, Teixidor F. Aromaticity and Extrusion of Benzenoids Linked to [
o
‐COSAN]
−
: Clar Has the Answer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1–11 08028 Barcelona Spain
- ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - David Olid
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vila J, Solà M, Pla-Quintana A, Roglans A. Highly Selective Synthesis of Seven-Membered Azaspiro Compounds by a Rh(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization/Diels-Alder Cascade of 1,5-Bisallenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5279-5286. [PMID: 35324177 PMCID: PMC9016767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The synthesis of
spiro compounds featuring seven- and six-membered
rings in the spirobicyclic motif is successfully achieved through
a cascade process encompassing a rhodium(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization
followed by a highly selective Diels–Alder homodimerization.
The scope of the reaction is analyzed based on a series of synthetic
substrates, and control experiments and DFT calculations led us to
justify the exquisite degree of selectivity observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vila
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona (UdG), C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona (UdG), C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona (UdG), C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Roglans
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona (UdG), C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
![]()
Fullerenes have potential
applications in many fields. To reach
their full potential, fullerenes have to be functionalized. One of
the most common reactions used to functionalize fullerenes is the
Diels–Alder cycloaddition. In this case, it is important to
control the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition during the formation
of higher adducts. In C60, successive Diels–Alder
cycloadditions lead to the Th-symmetric
hexakisadduct. In this work, we explore computationally using density
functional theory (DFT) how the presence of a [10]cycloparaphenylene
ring encapsulating C60 ([10]CPP⊃C60)
affects the regioselectivity of multiple additions to C60. Our results show that the presence of the [10]CPP ring changes
the preferred sites of cycloaddition compared to free C60 and leads to the formation of the tetrakisadduct. Somewhat surprisingly,
our calculations predict formation of this particular tetrakisadduct
to be more favored in [10]CPP⊃C60 than in free C60.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Pareras
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Chemistry, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sílvia Simon
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Poater J, Andrada DM, Solà M, Foroutan-Nejad C. Path-dependency of energy decomposition analysis & the elusive nature of bonding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2344-2348. [PMID: 35018916 PMCID: PMC8790740 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we provide evidence of the path-dependency of the energy components of the energy decomposition analysis scheme, EDA, by studying a set of thirty-one closed-shell model systems with the D2h symmetry point group. For each system, we computed EDA components from nine different pathways and numerically showed that the relative magnitudes of the components differ substantially from one path to the other. Not surprisingly, yet unfortunately, the most significant variations in the relative magnitudes of the EDA components appear in the case of species with bonds within the grey zone of covalency and ionicity. We further discussed that the role of anions and their effect on arbitrary Pauli repulsion energy components affects the nature of bonding defined by EDA. The outcome variation by the selected partitioning scheme of EDA might bring arbitrariness when a careful comparison is overlooked. Here, we provide evidence of the path-dependency of the energy components of the energy decomposition analysis scheme, EDA, by studying a set of thirty-one closed-shell model systems with the D2h symmetry point group.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Natongchai W, Posada-Pérez S, Phungpanya C, Luque-Urrutia JA, Solà M, D’Elia V, Poater A. Enhancing the Catalytic Performance of Group I, II Metal Halides in the Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxides under Atmospheric Conditions by Cooperation with Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Highly Nucleophilic Aminopyridines: Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2873-2886. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wuttichai Natongchai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, WangChan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Sergio Posada-Pérez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Chalida Phungpanya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, WangChan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Jesús Antonio Luque-Urrutia
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Valerio D’Elia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, WangChan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vila J, Vinardell R, Solà M, Pla‐Quintana A, Roglans A. A Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of 1,5‐Bisallenes and Alkynes for the Formation of
cis‐
3,4‐Arylvinyl Pyrrolidines and Cyclopentanes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vila
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) Departament de Química Universitat de Girona (UdG) Facultat de Ciències C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona Catalunya Spain
| | - Roger Vinardell
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) Departament de Química Universitat de Girona (UdG) Facultat de Ciències C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona Catalunya Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) Departament de Química Universitat de Girona (UdG) Facultat de Ciències C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona Catalunya Spain
| | - Anna Pla‐Quintana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) Departament de Química Universitat de Girona (UdG) Facultat de Ciències C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona Catalunya Spain
| | - Anna Roglans
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) Departament de Química Universitat de Girona (UdG) Facultat de Ciències C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona Catalunya Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Posada-Pérez S, Escayola S, Poater J, Solà M, Poater A. Ni(I)-TPA Stabilization by Hydrogen Bond formation on the Second Coordination Sphere: a DFT Characterization. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12585-12595. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01355j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ni(I) compounds are less common than those of either Ni(0) or Ni(II). Recently, a series of Ni(I) tris(2 pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) complexes were synthetized through the reduction of Ni(II)-TPA complexes and...
Collapse
|
50
|
Yuan YC, Lu QL, Zhu XT, Posada-Pérez S, Solà M, Poater A, Roisnel T, Gramage-Doria R. Precise Control of the Site-Selectivity in Ruthenium-Catalyzed C-H Bond Amidations by Cyclic Amides as Powerful Directing Groups. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Selective C-H functionalizations aiming at the formation of new C-N bonds is of paramount importance in the context of step- and atom-economy methodologies in organic synthesis. Although the implementation of...
Collapse
|